IDC Tamil

ghlk; 1 tuntw;g[ kw;Wk; Kd;Diu
ghlj; jiyg;g[fs;
tFg;giw epajpfs;
mog;gilf; bfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; kjpg;g[fs;
tFg;gpd; gue;j Fwpf;nfhs;fs;
tFg;gpd; kjpg;gPL
tFg;giw epajpfs;
tFg]gpd]nghJ/ chpa fw]Fk] R{Hiyf] fhf]Fk] bghUl]L/ khzth]fs] tFg]giw

elj]ijf]fhd tpjpfisg] gpd]gw]w rk]kjpf]fpwhh]fs].
tFg;gpd; gue;j Fwpf;nfhs;fs;
_y gpug[ghjhpd; ,af;fk; kw;Wk; mjd; cWg;gpdh;fspd; ePz;l fhy eyid

tpUj;jp bra;a[k; nehf;fj;Jld;/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpDs;/
rp#;aj;Jtj;jpd; juj;ij nkk;gLj;JtJ.
khzth;fs; fPH;fz;l tw;iwg; g[hpe;J bfhs;tjd; \yk;/ ehk; ,e;j nehf;fj;ij
milayhk; :
1. bghJg;gilahd bfs#a s#a it#;zt kug[f;nfw;g/ _y gpug[ghjhpd;
cgnjr';fspy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ nghy;/ rp#;aj;J tj;jpd;
ePoj;jpUf;fpw bfhs;iffis g[hpe;J bfhs;StJ kw;Wk; mfpy cyf
fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpDs; ,it gphpnahfpf;fg;gLk; jdpj;jd;ik
tha;e;j R{Hy;fis bkr;RtJ.
2. jdJ FUf;fs; kw;Wk; \j;j it#;zth;fsplk; Md;kPf hPjpahd

Mnuhf;fpakhd/ Mf;fg;g{h;tkhd cwit Vw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;/ me;j
cwtpy; bghUj;jkhd ele;J bfhs;st[k; ,e;jf; bfhs;iffis
cgnahfpg;gJ.
3. xU rp#;aUf;F j; njitahd kndhepiya[k;/ kjpg;iga[k; tsh;j;Jf;

bfhs;tJ.
4. _y gpug[ghjhpd; cgnjr';fisa[k;/ mth; nkw;bfhz;l gzpiaa[k;

vd;Wk; ePl;oj;J epiyj;jpUf;fr; bra;tjw;fhf/ jdJ brhe;j cjhuzk;
kw;Wk; fl;lis \ykhf/ KG Kjw;flt[Sf;Fk;/ mtuJ mnef
gpujpepjpfSf;Fk; xj;JiHg;g[ld; nrit bra;tJ.
1
"rp#;ah;" tFg;gpd; Fwpf;nfhs;fs;
xU rp#;auhf/ ehd; ve;j tHpfspy;/ nkk;gl Koa[k;>
tFg;gpd; bfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; kjpg;g[fs;
1. _y gpug[ghjh; jiyikahd rPf;#h FU

2. mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fk; kw;Wk; guk;giuaplk; tpRthrk;
3. mnef mjpfhhpfs; kw;Wk; \j;j it#;zth;fSf;Fhpa khpahij
4. nahrid bra;J FUitj; njh;e;bjLj;jy;
5. FUtpd; fl;lisfspy; ek;gpf;if
6. _y gpug[ghjhpd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fk;/ cWjpbkhHpfSf;Fk; mh;g;gzpg;g[
7. cah;thd rhjdh/ elj;ij kw;Wk; rkr;rPuhd thH;f;if Kiw
8. nfs;tpfs; nfl;ly;/ gzpt[ kw;Wk; nrit
9. mDTykhd rj;r';fk;/ ,izj;Jf; bfhs;Sjy; kw;Wk; xj;JiHg;g[
10. g[dpj ehkj;ijg; gapYjy; kw;Wk; gug;g[jy;
tFg]g[ kjpg]gPL
fPnH bfhLf]fg]gl]Ls]s nfs]tpfs] my]yJ mtw]wpy] njh]e]bjLf]fg]gl]lit
c']fs] tFg]g[ Mrphpauhy] c']fSf]F eph]zapf]fg]gLk]. c']fs] gjpy]fs]
njhuhakhf 100-200 thh]j]ijfSf]fF kpfhky] ,Uf]f ntz]Lk]. ,jpy] rpy
nfs]tpfSf]Ff] RUf]fkhf gjpy] mspj]jhy] nghJk]. bgUf]fy] Fwpaplg]gl]Ls]s
nfs]tpfSf]F fl]lhak] gjpy] mspf]ft[k].
ghfk] xd]W Kd]Diu/ jj]Jtk] kw]Wk] R{Hy]
FU-jj]th kw]Wk] guk]giu: (ghlk] 2)
1. ,uz]L Kf]fpa FU tiffSf]F ,ilnaa[s]s xw]Wikfisa[k]/
ntWghLfisa[k] tpsf]Ff.
2. hpj]tpf] jj]Jtj]ijj] jtbwd ep+gpf]Fk] thj']fs] Fiwe]j gl]rk] ehd]if
vGJf. ,jw]Fhpa rh!]jpu nkw]nfhs]fis c']fs] gjpypy] vGjt[k].
mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] FU ghj m#]uah: (ghl']fs] 3/ 5 & 8)
3. xU rp#]ah] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] FU-ghj M#]uahtpid
Vw]Wf] bfhs]Sk] Kiwapid tpsf]Ff
2
4. mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] !]jghf Mr]rhhpauhft[k]/
jiyikahd rPf]#h FUthft[k] _y gpug[ghjh] vt]thW bray]gLfpwhh]
vd]gij tpsf]Ff.*
5. vjph]fhy re]jjpapdUf]Fk]/ _y gpug[ghjh] jiyikahd rPf]#h FUthf
ePoj]jpUg]gJ vt]thW Kf]fpaj]Jtk] tha]e]jJ>*
6. _y gpug[ghjh] kw]Wk] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] FUf]fspd]
FUg{i$fs] - ,it Fwpj]j bghUj]jkhd Kiwfis/ jw]nghija mfpy
cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] rl]l']fis nkw]nfhs] fhl]o/ RUf]fkhf
tpsf]Ff.
mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] FUf]fs] (ghlk] ehd]F )
7. _y gpug[ghjhpd] cgnjr']fs] kw]Wk] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp
,af]fj]jpDs] cs]s mjpfhu mikg]g[ - ,it rk]ge]jkhf mfpy cyf
fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] cs]s xU FUtpw]F ,Uf]f ntz]oa
kndhepiyia tpsf]Ff. *
8. mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpDs] cs]s rPf]#h kw]Wk] jPf]#h
FUf]fis xUth] Vd] Vw]Wf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]>
9. kw]w bfsoa it#]zt guk]guh kw]Wk] epWtd']fspy] cs]s FUf]fs]
Fwpj]J/ xU mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] cs]s rp#]aUf]F
,Uf]f ntz]oa bghUj]jkhd kndhepiyia tpsf]Ff.
ghf']fs] ,uz]L & \d]W

FUtplk] cwt[Kiwia Vw]gLj]jpf] bfhs]Sjy] kw]W k] ele]J bfhs]Sjy]
FUitj] njh]e]bjLj]jy] kw]Wk] jPl]ir cWjpbkhHpfs]: (ghlk] 6 & 7)
10. jPl]ir cWjpbkhHpfspd] Kf]fpaj]Jtj]ij tpsf]Ff
11. rh!]jpu nkw]nfhs]fSld]/ xU FUtpd] Kf]fpakhd jFjpfs] rpytw]iw ]
gl]oaypLf
12. xU FUitj] njh]e]bjLg]gjw]fhd chpa fhuz']fs] kw]Wk] Kiwfs]/
bghUj]jkw]w fhuz']fs] kw]Wk] Kiwfis tpthjpf]ft[k]. rh!]jpuk] kw]Wk]
jw]nghija mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] rl]l']fspypUe]J
bghUj]jkhd nkw]nfhs]fis c']fs] gjpypy] mspf]ft[k]. *
FU-nrth (ghl']fs] 9&10)

13. FU-nrthtpw]Fk]/ mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] Fwpf]nfhSf]F
nrit bra]tjw]Fk] cs]s cwit/ cjhuz']fSld] tpthjpf]ft[k]. ,e]j
,uz]L nritfSf]Fkhd rkr]rPuhd mqFKiwapd] Kf]fpaj]J tj]ij
tpsf]Ff. *
14. FU thg]g[-nrth kw]Wk] FU thzp nrth vd]why] vd]d> vJ mjpf
Kf]fpaj]Jtk] tha]e]jJ > Vd]>
15. FUtplkpUe]J mwpt[iuia ehLtjpy]/ cs]s chpa kw]Wk] bghUj]jkw]w
tp#a']fs] Fiwe]jgl]rk] ehd]if vGJf. bghUj]jkhd rh!]jpu
nkw]nfhs]fis c']fs] gjpypy] Fwpg]gplt[k].
3
16. xUth] jd]Dila FUtpd] Md]kPff] rnfhjuh]/Md]kPfr] rnfhjhpaplk] vt]thW
ele]J bfhs]s ntz]Lk] vd]gij tpsf]Ff. rh!]jpu']fspypUe]J chpa
nkw]nfhs]fis c']fs] gjpypy] vGJf.
ghfk] ehd]F
cwt[Kiwia xj]JiHg]g[l d] epiwntw]Wjy].
xUtUila FUit/ mwpKfg]gLj]J jy] (ghl']fs] 12/ & 5)
17. xU mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] rp#]ah] xUtUf]F/ jd]Dila
FUit bghJ ,lj]jpYk]/ it#]zth]fspd] r\fj]jpDs]Sk] nkk]gLj]JtJ
Fwpj]J ,Uf]f ntz]oa kdepiy kw]Wk] elj]ij gw]wp eP']fs] vd]d
fUJfpwPh]fs] vd]W tpthpf]ft[k]. c']fsJ gjpypy]/ rh!]jpuk] kw]Wk]
jw]nghija mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] rl]l']fis nkw]nfhs]
fhl]lt[k]. ,J rk]ge]jkhf mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] rp#]ah]fs]
chpa kndhepiyia tsh]j]Jf] bfhs]tJ Vd] Kf]fpaj]J tk] tha]e]jJ>*
18. jw]nghijf]Fk]/ vjph]fhyj]jpw]Fk] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] _y
gpug[ghjhit !]jhgf Mr]rhhpauhft[k]/ jiyikahd rPf]#h FUthft[k]
btspg]gilahf nkk]gLj]JtJ Vd] Kf]fpak] MFk]> c']fs] gjpypy]
bghUj]jkhf rh!]jpuk] kw]Wk] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd]
rl]l']fis nkw]nfhs] fhl]lt[k]. *
mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpDs] cwt[Kiwfs] (ghlk] 13)
19. "xUthpd] jPf]#h FUtpd] mog]gilapy] ghugl]rk]" Fwpj]J xU mfpy
cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] rp#]ahplk] fhzg]gLk] bghUj]jkw]w
kndhepiy kw]Wk] elj]ij Fwpj]J tpthjpf]ft[k]. mfpy cyf fpU#]z
gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] rp#]ah]fs] ,J rk]ge]jkhf chpa kndhepiyia
tsh]j]Jf] bfhs]tJ Vd] Kf]fpaj]J tk] tha]e]jJ>*
20. midj]J mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] it#]zth]fSld]
xj]JiHf]fpd]w cwt[Kiwfis tsh]g]gjw]Fk]/ ngzpf]fhg]gjw]Fk]
njitahd eilKiwf]Fhpa tHpfis tpthpf]ft[k]. *
4
ghlk] 2 FUjj]th kw]Wk] guk]guh
ghlj] jiyg]g[fs]
FUjj]th
FUf]fs] – tiffs]
FU guk]guh Kiw
kiwtpw]Fg] gpwfhd hpj]tpf] bfhs]ifia jtbwd ep+gpj]jy]
FU jj]th
FUtpd] epiy Fwpj]J j']fsJ brhe]j thh]j]ijfspy]/ RUf]fkhf tpsf]Ff
FU – jj]th
Md]kPf FUtpw]Fk] fpU#]zUf]Fk] ntWghoy]iy
FU – fpU#]z +g Qd rh!]j]nuu gpukhnz
FU - +ng fpU#]z f]Ugh fnuz gf]j-fnz
midj]J rh!]jpu']fspd] MH]e]j epjhdkhd fUj]jpd]go Md]kPf FUtpw]Fk]/

fpU#]zUf]Fk] ntWghoy]iy. gfthd] fpU#]z h] Md]kPf FU cUtpy] jdJ
gf]jh]fis tpLtpf]fpwhh].
xU rp#]aUf]Fk]/ Md]kPf FUtpw]Fk] ,ilnaahd cwt[/ fpU#]zhplk] mtUf]F
cs]s cwitg] nghd]wJ.
- _ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ Mjp yPyh 1.45
Mr]rhh]ak] khk] tp"]"hdPahd] ehtkd;naj fh;Qprpj;

e kh;j;a – g[j]ah!Panj !h;t-njt-knahFU:Q
Mr]rhhpaUk] ehnd vd]gijawpe]J xUtd] mtiu vt]tpjj]jpYk]
mtkjpf]ff]TlhJ. mth] midj]J njth]fspd] gpujpepjp vd]gjhy] mtiu xU
rhjhuz kdpjh] vd]bwz]zp mthplk] xUtd] bghwhik bfhs]sf]TlhJ.
-_kj] ghftjk] 11.17.27
5
Md]kPf FUit xU rhjhuz kdpjdhf] fUJgtd] rh]t ehrkilthd]
"Md]kPf FUit guk g[U#Uf]Fr] rkkhd epiyapy] ,Ug]gjhf vz]zp
mtUf]F khpahij brYj]j ntz]Lk] vd]W ghpe]Jiuf]fg]gl]Ls]sJ. !ht[j]
jhpj]ntd!k!]j-rh!]j]iu. ,J vy]yh rh!]jpu']fspYk] fl]lisaplg]gl]Ls]sJ.
Mrhh] ak] khk] tp$hdPahj]. xUtd] Mr]rhhpaiu gukg[U#Uf]Fr] rkkhdtuhff;
fUj ntz]Lk]. ,t]tst[ cgnjr']fs] ,Ue]Jk]/ Md]kPf FUit xU rhjhuz
kdpjdhf] fUJgtd] rh]t ehrkilthd].
-_kj] ghftjk] 7.15.26
xUtd] jd]Dila ntiyia Fw]wkwr; bra]a[k]bghGJ/ mtDk] gf]Ftkhdtd].
xU jghy]fhuh] ekf]F xU E}W lhyh]fis gl]Lthlh bra]ayhk]. Mdhy]
jghy]fhuh] ekf]F E}W lhyh]fis mspg]gjhf ehk] fUJtjpy]iy. ez]gh] xUtuhy]
gzk] mDg]gg]gLfpwJ. mjpy] ,Ue]J vija[k] vLf]fhky] my]yJ mjDld]
vija[k] Tl nrh]f]fhky] jghy]fhuhpd] ntiy mij mg]gona ek]kplk] xg]gilg]gJ
MFk]. mtUila gf]Ftk] ahbjdpy]/ jhd] xUthpd] ez]guhy] mDg]gg]gl]l E}W
lhyh]fis mg]gona gl]Lthlh bra]tjpy]. mJjhd] mthpd] gf]Ftk]. jghy]fhuh]
gpw mnef tHpfspy] FiwghLfs] cs]s tuhf ,Uf]fyhk]/ Mdhy] mth] jdJ
ntiyiaf] Fw]wkwr] bra]a[k]nghJ/ mth] gf]Ftkile]jth] Mfpwhh].
gpug[ghjhpd] tpahr-g{$h ehs]
tFg]g[/ epa{ tpUe]jhtdh/ brg]lk]gh] 2/ 1972
Fiwe]j jFjpfisf] bfhz]ltuhf ,Ue]jhYk] my]yJ Kf]jpailahjtuhf

,Ue]jhYk] FUthf bray]gl Koa[k]
gf]jp tpndhj jhThpd] Tw]Wfs] rh!]jpu']fSf]F ,izahdit/
Vbdd]why] mth] Kf]jpaile]jth]. bghJthf Md]kPf FU gfthdpd] epj]jpa
rfhf]fspd] FGtpypUe]J tUgth]/ Mdhy] ahbuhUth] mt]thW vg]nghJk]
Kf]jpaile]jthpd] bfhs]iffisg] gpd]gw]Wfpd]whnuh/ mtUk] nkw]Twpa FGtpy]
cs]stuhfpwhh]. Kf]jpaile]j Mr]rhhpah] kw]Wk] FU ve]j xU jtiwa[k] ,iHf]f
KoahJ. Mdhy] rpy egh]fs] Fiwe]j jFjpfisf] bfhz]ltuhf ,Ue]jhYk]
Kf]jpailahjtuhf ,Ue]jhYk] rPlg]guk]giuiaf] fz]og]ghfg] gpd]gw]Wtjd]
\yk] FUthft[k]/ Mr]rhhpauhft[k] bray]gl Koa[k].
- $dhh]jdht[f]F vGjpa fojk]/ epa{ahh]f]/ 26/ Vg]uy]/ 1965
eP']fs] J}a gf]jiug] gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ eP']fSk] J}a gf]jnu

Mjyhy] eP']fs] J}a gf]jiug] gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ eP']fSk] J}a gf]jnu. xUth]
E}W rjtPjk] J}a]ikahdtuhf ,y]yhky] ,Uf]fyhk]. Vbdd]why] fl]Lz]l
thH]tpypUe]J ek]ik cah]j]jpf] bfhs]s Kaw]rp bra]J bfhz]oUf]fpnwhk].
Mdhy]/ J}a gf]jiu ehk] gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ ehKk] J}a gf]jnu. ve]j mstpw]Fr]
gpd]gw]Wfpnwhnkh/ me]j mst[ J}a]ikahdJ. Mjyhy] J}a gf]jh] vd]why]
cldoahf E}W rjtPjk] J}a]ika[s]stuhf ntz]Lk] vd]W bghUsy]y. Mdhy]
'ehk] xU J}a gf]jiug] gpd]gw]Wnthk]' vd]w bfhs]ifapy] cWjpahfg]
gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ gpd] mtuJ bray]fSk] ….. mtUk] J}a gf]jUf]F ,izahdth].
- gftj] fPjh/ 2.1-10/ yh!] V"]ry]!]/ etk]gh]/ 25/ 1968
6
FUf]fs] – tiffs]
jPf]#h FU (xUth])
• mwpt[iufs] tH']F fpwhh]
• jPl;irmspj]J/ guk]guht[ldhd bjhlh]ig mjpfhug]g{h]tkhf]fpwhh]
• Md]kPfg] bgaiu tH']Ffpwhh]
• ke]jpuk] tH']Ffpwhh] (ke]jpu-FU)
• rp#;ah;fspd; cWjpbkhHpfis Vw]Wf]bfhs]fpwhh]
• rp#;ah;fspd] ght tpist[fis mfw]Wfpwhh] (jPf]#h tH']Fk] nghJ)
rPf]#h – FU (gyh])
• mwpt[iufs] tH']F fpwhh]
rPf]#h FUf]fspd] vz]zpf]iff]F tuk]g[ ,y]iy

ke]jpu-FU Mu ajh rPf]#h – FU – fz
jhd]Qhu ruz Mnf fhpna te]jd
vdJ jPf]#h FUtpw]Fk] kw]Wk] vdJ midj]J rPf]#h FUf]fSf]Fk] vdJ
khpahijf]F hpa tzf]f']fis/ mth]fspd] jhikiug] ghj']fspy] rkh]g]gpf]fpnwd].
bghUSiu
xU gf]jh] xnu xU jPf]#h FUit kl]Lnk bfhz]oUf]f ntz]Lk]/ Vbdd]why]
xUtUf]F nkyhf Vw]Wf]bfhs]tJ vd]gJ rh!]jpu']fspy] vg]bghGJk]
mDkjpf]fg]gltpy]iy. MapDk]/ xUth] Vw]Wf]bfhs]sf] Toa rPf]#h FUf]fspd]
vz]zpf]iff]F tuk]g[ ,y]iy. bghJthf xU rp#;aUf]F Md]kPf mwptpy]
vg]bghGJk] mwpt[iu tH']Fk] FUnt/ gpd]dhspy] mthpd] jPf]#h FUt[k] Mfpwhh].
_ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh Mjp 1.35
rPf]#h – FU – gpUe]jh f]Ugh bfhhpah mghh]

rhjnf rpfd] rhjndh] m']f – rhh
Mdhy]/ mnef mwpt[iu tH']Fk] FUf]fis (rPf]#h FUf]fs]) kpf

Kf]fpakhdth]fshf ehd] fUJfpnwd]. Vbdd]why]/ eilKiw gf]jpj] bjhz]od]
(rhjdh gf]jp) midj]J mog]gilahd/ Kf]fpakhd epiyfspYk]/ Muk]gepiy
gf]jh]fis gapw]Wtpg]gjd] \yk]/ mstpy]yhj kpFe]j fUizia
tH']Ffpwhh]fs].
- _ _ fy]ahz fy]g-jU _y gf]jptpndhj jhTuh
- Kjy] fpis/ Md]kPf mwpt[ (cgnjrh)
- mwpKfk] rPf]#h kw]Wk] jPf]#h FUf]fs]
7
jpt]a-"hdk] f]#gajp jPf]#h
Md]kPf mwpt[ + tpsf]Fjy] =
jpt]a-"hdk] ,f;#h jPf]#h

Md]kPf mwpt[ + (jh]rdh) =
ghh]g]gJ
jPf]#h vd]gJ jpt]akhd bray]fisj] bjhl']Ftjw]fhd Muk]gk] …

"jPf]#h" vd]w thh]j]ij ",J Muk]gk]" vd]W Fwpf]fpwJ. "jPf]#h"/ "jPf]#h"/
jp….jpt]ak]. ,U thh]j]ijfs] cs]sd/ jpt]a-"hdk]/ jpt]a-"hdk] vd]gJ
jpt]akhd/ Md]kPf mwpt[ vd]W mh]j]jk]. Mjyhy] jpt]ah vd]gJ jp kw]Wk] "hdk]/
f]#gajp/ tpsf]F jy]. mJ f]#h/ jP-f]#h ,Jnt jPf]#h vd]W miHf]fg]gLfpwJ/
,izj]jy]. Mjyhy] "jPf]#h" vd]why] jpt]akhd bray]fisj]
bjhl']Ftjw]fhd Muk]gk]. ,Jnt "jPf]#h" vd]W miHf]fg]gLfpwJ. Mjyhy]
ehk] rp#]ah]fspd] cWjpbkhHpfis Vw]fpnwhk]: "eP ,j]jid Kiw $gk] bra]/ " "rhp
rhh]"/ "eP ,e]j epak']fisg] gpd]gw]W/ " "rhp rhh]." ,Jnt jPf]#h. xUtd] gpd]gw]w
ntz]Lk]. xUtd] $gk] bra]a ntz]Lk]. gpwF midj]Jk] jhdhfnt tUfpwJ.
- tFg]g [/ _kj] ghftjk] 6.1.15 – Mf]nyz]l]/ gpg]uthp 22/1973
rk!]fpUjj]jpy] cgnahfpf]fg]gLk] thh]j]ij "jPf]#h" jPf]#h vd]why]…jp/ jpt]a

"hdk]/ jpt]akhd mwpt[/ kw]Wk] f]#h/ ,f]#h vd]why] jh]rdh/ ghh]g]gJ my]yJ
f]#agjp/ tpsf]Fjy] ,Jnt jPf]#h vdg]gLfpwJ.
- tFg]g[/ gyp-kh]jd jh!htpd]] jPf]i#/ khd]l]hPy]/ $Piy 29/ 1968
xUtUf]F jPf]i# mspf]fg]gl]lhy] md]wp/ …..mtdJ midj]J gf]jp bray]fSk]

cgnahfkw]wit
Mjpf]rpj!]a thnkhU f]Ujk] rh]tk] epuh]jfk]
g!^ – nahdpk] mthg]ndhjp jPf]#h – tpuQpnjh $dQ
xU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FUtpdhy] xUtd] jPf]i# mspf]fg]gl]lhy] md]wp/
mtdJ midj]J gf]jp bray]fSk] cgnahfkw]wit. Kiwahf jPf]i#
mspf]fg]glhj xU egh] kPz]Lk] kpUf ,d']fSf]F ,Hpaf]TLk].
- Qhp gf]jp tpyhrh (2.6) "tp#]q – ahkyh" tpy] nk]wbfhs]sg]gl]lJ
- irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh kj]a 15.108 bghUSiuapy] vLj]Jf] Twg]gl]lJ
Kjy] jPf]i# (Qhp – ehk)

,t]thwhf/ ekJ fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] khzth]fs] Muk]gj]jpy]
gf]jh]fSld] thH xg]g[f]bfhs]fpwhh]fs]. kw]Wk] bkJthf/ ehd]F jil bra]ag]gl]l
bray]fs]/ jfhj cwt[/ R{jhLjy]/ khkprk] cz]qjy] kw]Wk] nghijg] bghUl]fs]
,tw]iwf] iftpLtjd] \yk]/ Md]kPf thH]tpd] bray]fspy] Kd]ndWfpd]wdh].
xUtd] ,e]jf] bfhs]iffis cWjpahfg] gpd]gw]Wk] bghGJ/ mtd] Kjy] jPf]i#
(Qhp ehk) mspf]fg]gLfpwhd]. mtd] jpdKk] Fiwe]jgl]rk] gjpdhW khiyfs]
Kiwahf $gk] bra]fpwhd] – gpwF MW khj']fs] my]yJ xU tUlk] fHpj]J/
8
,uz]lhk] Kiw jPf]i# mspf]fg]gLfpwhd]. Kiwahd ahf']fs]/ rl']FfSld]
g{q}y] mzptpf]fg]gLfpwhd].
- _ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh bghUSiu/ Mjp 17.265
Qhp ehk jPf;i# & ke]jpu – jPf;i#
Kjy] rl']F. Qhp ehk jPf]i#. gpwF ke]jpu jPf]i#. Qhp ehk jPf]#h. ,']F
,Uf]Fk] midj]J rp#]ah]fSk]/ xU tUlj]jpw]F Kd]dhy]/ $gk] bra]tjw]F
jPf]i# mspf]fg]gl]lhh]fs]. ,g]bghGJ ,uz]lhk] Kiwahf/ ke]jpu jPf]i# \yk]
jPf]i# mspf]fg]gLfpwhh]fs]. Mk].
- tFg]g[/ fhaj]hp ke]jpuh jPf]i# - gh!]ld]/ nk 9/ 1968
FU guk]giu Kiw
Vtk] guk]guh g]uhg]jk]
cd]djkhd ,t]tp";"hdk] rPlh]fspd] r']fpypj] bjhlh] \ykhfg]
bgwg]gl]lJ.
- gftj] fPij cz]ik cUtpy] 4.2
(thH]e]J bfhz]oUf]Fk]) jw]nghija jPf]#h kw]Wk] rPf]#h FUf]fis ehk] Vd]

Vw]f ntz]Lk]>
guk]giu Kiw
rp#]ad] mspf]Fk] khpahijiaf] FU jdf]bfd Vw]Wf]bfhs]shky] me]j
khpahijiaf] fpU#]zhplk] bfhz]L nrh]f]fpwhh]. FUtpd] fUiziag] bgwhky]
fpU#]zhplk] neuhfr] bry]tJ kpft[k] fodk].……..gftj] fPi japy]
Twg]gl]Ls]sJ/ 'Vtk]guk]guh g]uhg]jk]'/ FU jk] FUtpw]F khpahij brYj]Jfpwhh].
me]j FU jk] FUtpw]F khpahij brYj]Jfpwhh]. ,g]goahf mJ fpU#]ziur]
brd]wilfpwJ. ,t]thwhff] fpU#]zhpd] fUiz guk]giu Kiwapy] fPH]
nehf]fpa[k]/ fpU#]z Uf]Fr] brYj]jg]gLk] khpahij guk]giu Kiwapy]
nky]nehf]fpa[k] bry]fpwJ.
- gfthd] _y fgpyhpd] nahfKiw/ mj]jpahak] 13/ ruztiljd] \yk] gf]Ftkhd
mwpt[ bgwy]
jw]nghija Md]kPf FUit xUth] mqf ntz]Lk].

……_kj] ghftjj]jpd] bra]jp rPlg] guk]giuapd] \ykhf fPHpw']fp tUfpwJ. _kj]
ghftjj]jpd] cz]ikahd bra]jpiag] bgWtjw]F/ rPlg] guk]giuapd] r']fpypj]
bjhlh] \ykhf tUk] jw]nghija Md]kPf FUit xUth] mqf ntz]Lk].
- _kj] ghftjk] 2.9.7
9
nknya[s]s FUtplk] eP']fs] jhz]or] bry]y KoahJ
Mjyhy] gftj]fPijia eP']fs] g[hpe]Jbfhs]s tpUk]gpdhy]/ xUth]
neuoahff] nfl]l tHpapnyna ehKk] g[hpe]Jbfhs]s ntz]Lk]. ,Jnt guk]guh
Kiw vdg]gLtJ. vd]Dila Md]kPf] FUtplkpUe]J ehd] VjhtJ nfl]fpnwd]
vd]W itj]Jf] bfhs]S ']fs]/ Mjyhy] mnj tp#aj]ij ehd] j']fsplk]
brhy]fpnwd]. Mjyhy] ,Jjhd] guk]guh Kiw vd]Dila Md]kPf FU vd]d
Twpdhh] vd]W j']fshy] fw]gid bra]a KoahJ. my]yJ eP']fs] rpy
g[j]jf']fisg] goj]jhYk] Tl/ vd]dplkpUe]J eP']fs] nfl]lhy] md]wp/
g[hpe]Jbfhs]s KoahJ. ,Jnt guk]giu Kiw vd miHf]fg]gLfpwJ. cldoahf
mLj]j Mr]rhhpaiu myl]rpak] bra]J/ mtUf]F nknya[s]s FUtplk] eP']fs]
jhz]or] bry]yKoahJ.
- tFg]g[/ _kd] ghftjk] 1.15.30 – yh!] V";ry;!;/ ork]gh] 8/1973
fpU#]ziu neuoahf mqf Kaw]rpf]fhjPh]fs]/ mJ cgnahfkw]w J

Kjypy] j']fSila Md]kPf FU gpwF mthpd] Md]kPf FU/ gpwF mthpd]
Md]kPf FU/ gpwF mthpd] Md]kPf FU/ mthpd] Md]kPf FU - ,Wjpapy]
fpU#]zh. ,Jjhd] fpU#]ziu neuoahf mqf Kaw]rpf]fhjPh]fs]/ mJ
cgnahfkw]wJ. guk]giu Kiwapd] \yk]/ gog]goahf vt]thW mwpitg]
bgWfpwPh]fnsh/ mt]thnw mnj gof]fl]Lfspd] \yk] fpU#]ziu mqf
ntz]Lk].
- _kj] ghftjk] 1.24 – nuhk]/ nk 28/ 1974
xUth] xU it#]zt FUit Vw]Wf]bfhs]s ntz]Lk]/……. btWk] g[j]jf']fisg]

gog]gjd] \yk] my]y.
g[j]jf']fisg] gog]gjd] \ynk gfthDf]F bra]a[k] jpt]akhd/ md]ghd
bjhz]L Fwpj]J g[hpe]J bfhs]s Koa[k] vd]W xUth] mfe]ija[ld] epidf]ff]
TlhJ. xUth] xU it#]zt FUit Vw]Wf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]. (Mbjs FUt] –
M#]uak]) kw]Wk] nfs]tp tpilfs] \yk] bkJthf fpU#]zUf]F Mw]Wk] J}a
gf]jpj] bjhz]L Fwpj]J fw]f ntz]Lk]. ,Jjhd] guk]giu Kiw vd
miHf]fg]gLfpwJ.
- _ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ me]j]a yPyh 7.53/ bghUSiu
ehd] jPf]i# tH']Fk] midj]J rp#]ah]fSk] gpd]dhspy] Md]kPf FUf]fshf

,Ug]gh]
vd]dhy] jPf]i# mspf]fg]gl]l ,e]j khzth]fs]/ midtUk] ehd] bra]tJ
nghynt brayhw]Wth]. ehd] mnef Md]kPfr] rnfhjuh]fisg] bgw]wpUf]fpnwd].
mth]fs] midtUk] brayhw]Wfpwhh]fs]. mijg] nghynt mt]thnw/ vd]dhy]
cUthf]fg]gLk]/ jPl]ir mspf]fg]gLk]/ ,e]j midj]J rp#]ah]fSk]]/ gpd]dhspy]
Md]kPf FUf]fshf cUthtjw]F gapw]rp mspf]fg]gLfpwhh]fs].
- miw ciuahly]/ bll]uha]l]/ $Piy 18/ 1971
ehd] vdJ rp#]ah]fis m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FUf]fshf fhz]gjw]F
tpUk]g[fpnwd].
btF gutyhf fpU#]z czh]itg] gug]g[tjw]fhf/ ehd] vdJ rp#]ah]fis
m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FUf]fshf/ fhz]gjw]F tpiHfpnwd]. mJnt
vd]ida[k]/ fpU#]ziua[k] kpft[k] kfpH]r]rp milar] bra]a[k].
10
kpft[k] fz]og]ghd Kiwapy] gapY']fs]. gpwF eP']fs] xU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l
Md]kPf FUthf/ ,nj mog]gilapy] rp#]ah]fis Vw]Wf] bfhs]s Koa[k]. Mdhy]/
c']fs] Md]kPf FU ,t]t[yfpy] cs]s tiu khpahij epkpj]jk] bghUl]L/ vjph]fhy
rp#]ah]fis c']fs] Md]kPf FUtplk] miHj]J thU']fs]. mtUila
kiwtpw]Fg] gpwF/ ve]j jila[k] ,y]yhky]/ eP']fs] rp#]ah]fis Vw]Wf] bfhs]s
Koa[k]. ,J jhd] rPlg] guk]giuapd] epajp.
- J#]l fpU#]zht[f]F vGjpa fojk]/ ork]gh] 2/ 1975
ehd] ,y]yhj nghJ/ vdJ midj]J rp#]ah]fisa[k] m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf

FUthf fhz tpUk]g[fpnwd].
ehd] ,y]yhj nghJ/ vdJ midj]J rp#]ah]fisa[k] m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf
FUf]fshf fhz tpUk]g[fpnwd]. m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l ahbuhUth] gfthd] irjd]ahpd]
m';fPfhpf]fg]gl]l gpujpepjpapd] tHpfhl]Ljypd]fPH]/ gfthd] irjd]ahpd]
fl]lisfisg] gpd]gw]Wfpwhnuh/ mth] Md]kPf FUthf Koa[k]. ,e]j cyfk]
KGtJk] fpU#]z czh]itg] gug]g[k] bghUl]L ehd] ,y]yhj rkak]/ vdJ
midj]J rp#]ah]fisa[k] m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FUf;fshf fhz
tpUk]g[fpnwd].
- "kJ R{jdh" tpw]F vGjpa fojk]/ etj]tPgh/ 2/ etk]gh]/ 1967
mjpfkhf gzpthd epiyf]F eP']fs] khWk]nghJ/ me]j mst[
Kd]ndwpath]fshtPh]
,J guk]giu Kiw vd]wiHf]fg]gLfpwJ. fpU#]zhpd] nrtfDf]F nrtfdhf
vt]thW/ khWtJ vd]W eP']fs] fw]f ntz]Lk]. gzpthd epiyf]F mjpfkhf
eP']fs] khWk]bghGJ – nrtfd]/ nrtfd]/ nrtfd]/ nrtfd]/ E}W Kiw nrtfd]/
nrtfd] – gpwF me]j mst[ eP']fs] Kd]ndwpatuhtPh]fs].
- tFg]g [/ gftj] fPij 2.2 – yz]ld]/ Mf!]l] 3/ 1973
11
kiwtpw]F g]gpwfhd hpj]tpf] – bfhs]ifia jtbwd ep+gpf]Fk] thj']fs]
kiwtpw]Fg]gpwfhd hpj]tpf] bfhs]if vd]gJ jtwhd tHpapy] jpUg]g[fpd]w xU
bfhs]if. ,J ahbjdpy]/ xU FU mtuJ kiwtpw]Fg] gpd]dUk]/ hpj]tpf]/
mtUf]Fg] gjpy] rl']Ffis Kd]dpd]W elj]Jk] FUf]fs] \ykhf/ jPf]#h
FUthf bray]gLfpwhh] vd]gnj.
• ve]jbthU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l it#z]t rk]gpujhah']fspYk]/ xUth]

jd]Dila guk]FUtplk] ,Ue]J jPf]i# th']fpajw]fhd cjhuzk]
,y]iy.
• xUth] guk]FUtplk] ,Ue]J jPf]i# bgwyhk] vd]gjw]fhd rh!]jpu Mjhuk]

VJkpy]iy.
• b$anfhghy] vd]gth] jd]id jd] guk] FUtpd] rp#]ah] vd mwptpj]j

fhuzj]jhy]/ mtiu it#]zt rKjhaj]jpypUe]J ePf]fpajhf/ epj]ahde]j
gpug[tpd] ike]juhd tPugj]u nfh!]thkp _y _epthr Mr]rhhpaUf]F vGjpa
fojj]jpy] Fwpg]gpl]Ls]shh].
- bfsoa it#]zt mgpjhdh/ fhz]lk] 3
• gpug[jhtpd] rp#]ah]fspilna ,ilna jFjp tha]e]j jPf# ] h FUf]fs]

,y]iy vd]w thjk]/ "gpug[ghjhtpd] nghjidfs] rf]jp tha]e]jit" vd
ep+gzk] Mfptpy]iy vd]gijna Rl]of]fhl]LfpwJ. Mjyhy]/
vt]thwhapDk] hpj]tpf] FU \ykhf gpug[ghjhpd] jPf]#h rp#]auhf khWtjpy]
vd]d ed]ik>
• xU hpj]tpf] FU cgnjr']fs] tH']Ffpwhh]. Mdhy] xU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l

jPf]#h FU bray]gLtJnghy]/ xU rp#]aiu tpLtpf]Fk] bghWg]ig
Kiwg]go Vw]gjpy]iy.
TLjy] thj']fs]:]
12
TLjy] nkw]nfhs]fs] ghlk] 2 FU jj]th kw]Wk] guk]giu
FU jj]th
Mr]rhhpah] flt[isg] nghy kjpf]fg]gl ntz]Lk].
tp!]tehj] rf]futh]j]jp jhTuht[k] Twpa[s]shh]. '!h#hj] – jhpj]ntd rk!]j –
rh!]ji ] uj] a[f]j!] jjh ghtajh Vt !j]gpQp." Mr]rhhpah]/ FU flt[Sf]F
rkkhdth]. rhf]#hj] – jhpj]ntdh." Mr]rhhpah] fpU#]ziug] nghd]W kjpf]fg]gl
ntz]Lk]. Mjyhy] Mr]rhh]ak] khk] tp"]"hdPahd] ehtkd;naj fh;Qprpj; SB
11.17.27)' ahnuDk] Kl]lhs]jdkhf vz]zpdhy] : "mth]fs] xU kdpjiu
tHpgLfpwhh]fs]. me]j kdpjh] vd]idg] nghd]wth]. mth] me]j me]j!]ij vLj]Jf]
bfhz]L rp#]ah]fsplkpUe]J khpahijiaa[k] tHpghl]ila[k] vLj]Jf] bfhs]fpwhh]".
rpy rkak] mth]fs] mt]thwhf nfl]gJz]L. Mdhy] Mr]rhhhpah] vt]thW
kjpf]fg]gl ntz]Lk] vd]W mth]fs] mwptjpy]iy. Mr]rhhpah]fs] kjpf]fg]gl
ntz]Lk]. rhf]#hj] jhpj]ntdh – flt[isg] nghy - ,J kpifg]gLj]Jjy] ,y]iy.
,J rh!]jpu']fspd] gona kw]Wk] Mr]rhhpaUk] midj]J ,e]j khpahijf]Fhpa
tzf]f']fisa[k] KGKjw]flt[Sf]Fr] rkh]g]gpf]fnt Vw]Wf]bfhs]fpwhh]. ,Jjhd]
Kiw.
- _kj] ghftjk] 1.7.45-46 – tpUe]jhtdh/ mf]nlhgh]/ 5/ 1976
_kjp uhjhuhzpapd] me]ju']f nrtfh] kw]Wk] epj]ahde]j gpug[tpd] gpujpepjp

"KGKjw] flt[splkpUe]J midj]Jk] ntWgl]Lk] mnj rkaj] jj
jpy]
xd]Wgl]Lk] ,Uf]fpd]wd " vd ep+gpf]Fk] "mrpe]j]a – ngj mngj jj]
j]th"nt
cz]ikahd ntjhj]jk].
,Jnt m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FUtpd] cz]ikahd epiy vd]Wk]/
vg]bghGJk] KFe]jh (_ fpU#]zh)t[ld] mtUf]F cs]s beUf]fkhd cwtpd]
mog]gilapypna mtiuf] fUj ntz]Lk] vd]Wk]. _y uFehj jh! nfh!]thkp
cWjpg]gLj]Jfpwhh]. _y $Ptnfh!]thkp/ jdJ gf]jp re]jh]ghtpy] (213) bjspthf
tpsf]Ffpwhh]: "Md]kPf FUt[k]/ rptbgUkhDk] KGKjw] flt[Sf]F
epfuhdth]fs] vd]w xU J}a gf]jhpd] fUj]J/ mth]fs] gfthDf]F kpft[k]
gphpakhdth]fs] vd]w mog]gilapnyna mike]jJ. midj]J tp#a']fspYk]
mth]fs] gfthidg] nghy] my]y."
,e]j cz]ikfis/ _y uFehj jh! nfh!]thkp kw]Wk] _y $Pt
nfh!]thkpapd] mor]Rtofisg] gpd]gw]wp/ _y tp!]tehj rf]futh]j]jp jhTuh
nghd]w gpd]dhspy] te]j Mr]rhhpah]fSk] cWjpg]gLj]Jfpd]wdh]. "Md]kPf FU
KGKjw]flt[Sf]F kpft[k] gphpakhdtuhft[k]/ me]ju']f nrtfuhft[k] cs]s
fhuzj]jhy]/ midj]J rh!]jpu']fSk] Md]kPf FUit KGKjw] flt[Sf]F
rkkhf Vw]Wf] bfhs]fpd]wdh]" vd]W _y tp!]tehj rf]futh]j]jp jhTuh/ Md]kPf
FUtpw]Fr] brYj]Jk] jdJ gpuhh]j]jidapy] cWjpg]gLj]Jfpwhh].
bfsoa it#]zth]fs]/ KGKjw]flt[spd] nrtfd] vd]w fhuzj]jhy _y
FUnjtiu (Md]kPf FU) tHpgLfpd]wdh].] midj]J g[uhjd ,yf]fpa']fspYk]/
_y enuhj]jk jh! jhTh]/ _y gf]jp tpndhj jhThh] kw]Wk] gpw J}a
it#]zth]fspd] rkPgj]jpa ghly]fspYk] ,t]thW fUjg]gLfpwJ: " Md]kPf FU
vd]gth] vg]bghGJk] _kjp uhjhuhzpapd] me]ju']f nritapy] ,Ug]gth] my]yJ
epj]ahde]j gpug[tpd] njhd]wpa gpujpepjp".
- _y irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh Mjp yPyh/ 1.47
13
Md]kPff] FUthdth] irj]a FUtpd] g[w btspg]ghL
fpU#]znu gukFUthf tps']Ffpwhh]. Mifapdhy] mth] 'irj]a FU'
vd]wiHf]fg]gLfpwhh]. ,J vy]nyhh] kdjpYk] tPw]wpUf]Fk] gukhj]itf] Fwpf]fpwJ.
gftj] fPijapy]/ mth] cs]spUe]Jk]/ mth] mDg]g[k] Md]kPf FU btspapypUe]Jk]
cjt[tjhff] Fwpg]gplg;gl]oUf]fpwJ. Md]kPff] FUthdth] irj]a FUtpd] g[w
btspg]ghL Mthh] my]yJ Md]kPf FU vy]nyhUila kdjpYk] tPw]wpUg]gth]
Mthh].
- _kj] ghftjk] 4.8.44/ bghUSiu
xU J}a gf]jiu eP']fs] gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ eP']fSk] xU J}a gf]jnu

ehk] E}W rjtPjk] Fw]wkw]wth]fshf ,y]yhky] ,Uf]fhyhk]/ Mdhy]
Koe]jtiu/ fl]lisia cs]sJ cs]sthnw gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ me]j mst[ ehk]
Fw]wkw]wth]. ,t]thW xUth] gf]Ftj]ij milayhk]. Mjyhy]/ xUth] gpd]gw]w
ntz]Lk]. xU cjhuzj]ij g[hpe]J bfhs]s KaY']fs]. xU rpwe]j bjhHpy]
epg[zh]/ ,ae]jpu ty]Yeh] ntiy bra]fpwhh]. xUth] ,e]j epg[zhpd] fl]lisapd]go
ntiy bra]fpwhh]. xU epg[zhpd] fl]lisapd]go fz]og]ghf ntiy bra]tjhy]/
,tUk] epg[znu. mth] E}W rjtPjk] jpwikahdtuhf ,y]yhtpl]lhYk]/ mth]
ntiy jpwikahf cs]sJ. bjspthfpwjh> Vbdd]why] mth] epg[zhpd] fPH] ntiy
bra]fpwhh]. c';fshy] g[hpe]J bfhs]s Kofpwjh> Mjyhy]/ eP';fs; xU J}a gf]jiu
gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ eP']fSk] J}a gf]jnu. xUth] E}W rjtPjk] J}a]ikahf ,Uf]f
ntz]Lk] vd]gjpy]iy. Vbdd]why] ehk] fl]Lz]l thH]tpypUe]J ek]ik cah]j]jpf]
bfhs]s Kaw]rpf]fpnwhk]. Mdhy] xU J}a gf]jiu fz]og]g[ld] gpd]gw]wpdhy]/
ehKk] J}a gf]jnu. ve]j mstpw]Fr] bra]fpnwhnkh/ mJtiu J}a]ikahdJ.
Mjyhy] J}a gf]jh] vd]why] cldoahf E}W rjtPjk] J}a]ika[s]stuhf ntz]Lk]
vd]W bghUsy]y. Mdhy] 'ehk] xU J}a gf]jiug] gpd]gw]Wnthk]' vd]w
bfhs]ifapy] cWjpahfg] gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ gpd] mtuJ bray]fSk] ….. mtDk] J}a
gf]jUf]F ,izahdth].
- gftj] fPjh/ 2.1-10/ yh!] V"]ry]!]/ etk]gh]/ 25/ 1968
mth]fs] mnefk] my]y/ xUtnu/ FU-jj]th…..

FUf]fs] - tiffs]
Kjypy] khpahijf]Fhpa gpuhh]j]jidfs] Md]kPf FUtpw]F
brYj]jg]gLfpd]wd. te]nj FUd]/ kw]Wk] FUd]/ gQP trd/ gd]ikapy]/ mjhtJ
mnef FUf]fs]. Mdhy] mth]fs] mnefk] my]y/ xUtnu/ FU-jj]th…..
- tFg]g[/ _ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ Mjp yPyh 1.1/ khahg]g {h]/ khh]r] 25/ 1975
xUtUila Ke]ija ght tpist[fis jPf]#h mfw]WfpwJ

jPf]#h – fhny gf]j fnu Mj]k – rkh]gzh
nra] – fhny fpU#]z jhnu fnu Mj]k – rkh
jPf]i# mspf]fg]gLk] rkaj]jpy]/ xU gf]jh] gfthdpd] nritapy] KGikahf
ruzila[k] bghGJ/ fpU#]zh] mtiu jdf]F rkkhf Vw]Wf] bfhs]fpwhh].
nra] – njfh fnu jhu rpj]-Mde]j-kah
mg]uhf]Uj – njnQ jhd]uh ruz g$ah
,t]thwhf gf]jhpd] cly] Md]kPf ikakhf khWk] bghGJ me]j gf]jh]/ me]j jpt]a
clypy]/ gfthdpd] ghjf]fky']fSf]F nrit bra]fpwhh].
- _ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ me]jpah 4.192
14
jPf]#h kw]Wk] rPf]#h FU
rh!]jpu']fspd] epak']fSf]nfw]g/ jPli
] r mspf]Fk] Md]kPf FU/ jPf]#h-
FU vd]Wk]/ nkd]ik epiyia mila[k] bghUl]L/ cgnjr']fis tH']Fk]
Md]kPf FU rPf]#h FU vd]Wk] miHf]fg]gLfpd]wdh].
- _ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ kj]a 8.128
jPf]#h – g[u!]rh]ah – tpjp mngf]rh eh fnu
$pQ]th - !]gh]nr m-rz]ls rghnu cj]jnu
"xUth] jPf]i# Vw]Wf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk] my]yJ jPf]i#f]F Kd]djhf
njitg]gLk] bray]fis epiwntw]w ntz]Lk] vd]gjpy]iy. xUth] jdJ
cjLfshy] gfthdpd] ehkj]ij $gpj]jhy] nghJk]. jhH]e]j Fyj]ij (rz]lhs)r]
nrh]e]j xUtiuf] Tl ,t]thwhf tpLtpf]fKoa[k].
rj]auh$ fhDf]F gfthd] irjd]ah] TwpaJ
- irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ kj]a 15.108
Md]
d]kPff] FU/ jdJ rp#]ah]fspd] ght fhhpa']fis Vw]Wf] bfhs]fpwhh].
Kjy] jPf]i#apypUe]J/ Md]
d]kPff] FU jdJ rp#]ah]fspd] ght fhhpa']fis Vw]Wf]
bfhs]fpwhh]. ehd] btF vspjhf jPf]i# tH']fyhk]. Mdhy] ehd] vd]d bra]a
Koa[k]> gfthd] irjd]ahpd] nrit bghUl]L/ ehd] eufj]jpw]Fr] bry]yj] jahuhf
cs]nsd].
- $hJuhzpf]F vGjpa fojk] – epa{ tpUe]jhtd]] – 4/ brg]lk]gh]/ 1972
,uz]lhtJ jPf]i# cz]ikahd jPf]i#

cdJ nfs]tpfs] Fwpj]J: ",uz]lhk] jPf]i# cz]ikahd jPf] f]#h. Muk]g
kw]Wk] Kjy] jPf]#h Muk]gepiy/ cah]epiyf] fy]tpnghy/ xUtiuj] jahh]
bra]tjw]F Kjy] jPf]i# xUtUf]F J}a]ikailtjw]F xU tha]g]ghf
mikfpwJ. vg]bghGJ cz]ikapy] mth] J}a]ikailfpwhnuh/ mg]bghGJ mth]
gpuhkzuhf m']fPfhpf]fg]gLfpwhh]. mJjhd] cz]ikahd jPf]i#. xUth] Md]kPf
FUtplk] nfl]Fk] Kjy] ehspypUe]J/ Md]kPf FUtpw]Fk]/ rPlUf]Fk] ,ilnaahd
epj]jpakhd ge]jk] Muk]gkhfpwJ. vdJ Md]kPf FUitg] nghy/ 1922y] v']fsJ
Kjy] re]jpg]gpy] Twpdhh]: "eP']fs] goj]j khzth]fs] Vd] ,e]j gf]jp bfhs]ifia
gpur]rhuk] bra]af] TlhJ>" mJjhd] Muk]gk]. jw]nghJ cz]ikahfpwJ. Mjyhy]
cwt[ me]ehspypUe]J Jt']fpaJ.
- $ hJuhzpf]F vGjpa fojk] – epa{ tpUe]jhtd] – 4/ brg]lk]gh]/ 1972
tpf]uQ tHpghL njitg]gLfpwJ

tpf]uQ tHpghL mtrpak] ,y]iy. MapDk]/ kpf mjpfkhd khzth]fspd]
fl]Lz]l jd]ikapd] fhuzkhf/ mth]fis ,e]j nritapy] <LgLj]Jk] njit
Vw]gLfpwJ. mth]fsJ cly] hPjpahd kw]Wk] kdhPjpahd epiyfis ehk] fUj]jpy]
bfhz]lhy]/ mj]jifa khzth]fspd] elj]ij J}a]ikapy]yhkYk]/ mth]fs] kdk]
epk]kjpaw]wjhft[k] rydk] mile]J ,Uf]ff] fhz]fpnwhk].
Mjyhy] ,e]j $lhPjpahd fl]Lz]l jd]ikia epth]j]jp bra]tjw]fhf/
khbgUk] Kdp ehujUk]/ kw]wth]fSk] btt]ntW rka']fspy] tpQ]uQ
tHpghl]ow]fhd gyjug]gl]l tpjpKiwfisg] ghpe]Jiue]jhh]fs].
- gf]jp re]jh]gh (283-84)/ _y $Pt nfh!]thkp/ _ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ kj]a 15.108
15
FU guk]giu Kiw
Kjypy] eP vdJ gf]jhpd] gf]juhf khW – jh! – jh! – jh!hDjh!
ehk] fpU#]z hplk] jht KoahJ. mJ kw]WbkhU mgj]jk]. ehk] FUtpd]
\ykhf fpU#]ziu mqf ntz]Lk]. mJjhd] guk]giu Kiw. ehk] neuoahf
mqFtjw]F/ fpU#]zh] xd]Wk] kypthd bghUs] my]y. xUth] Twyhk]: "X/ ehd]
Vd] FUit Vw]Wf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]> ehd] fpU#]ziu neuoahf mqfyhk]."
,y]iy. fpU#]z h] mt]thW Vw]Wf] bfhs]tjpy]iy…. kj]-gf]j jQQ g{$hg]ajpfQ.
fQ.
fpU#]zh] TWfpwhh]: "Kjypy] eP']fs] gf]jdpd] gf]jdhf khW']fs]." irjd]a
kQh gpug[ TWfpwhh]/ "nfhgp-gh]J gj-fkynahh] jh!-jh!-jh!Djh!h". "ehd]
fpU#]zhpd] nrtfhpd]/ nrtfhpd] nrtfd].
- tFg]g[/ gftj] fPjh 2.2 yz]ld]/ Mf!]l] 3/ 1973
xU rp#]ahpd] Kl]lhs]jdj]ij xU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FU neuoahfr]

Rl]of]fhl]Lfpwhh].
fy]tp vd]wiHf]fg]gLk] tp#aj]jhy] fh]tk] bfhz]L/ gzptpy]yhky] cs]s
xU egh]/ m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FUtpd] ghJfhg]ig ehLtjpy]iy. vdf]F
Md]kPf FU njitapy]iy vdt[k]/ jd]Dila brhe]j Kaw]rpfshy]/ kpf cah]e]j
gf]Ft epiyia mila Koa[k] vd]Wk] mth] epidf]fpwhh]. ntjhe]j-R{j]juj]ijf]
fw]gjw]fhd jFjpfs] mth]fSf]F ,y]iy. $l ,aw]ifapd]/ fl]Lg]ghl]oy] cs]s
xUth]/ rPlg] guk]giuapd] cgnjr']fis gpd]gw]Wtjpy]iy/ Mdhy] mth]fs]
brhe]jkhf vijnah cw]gj]jp bra]a Kaw]rpf]fpwhh]fs]/ Mjyhy] ntjhe]jf]
fy]tpapd] tl]lj]jpw]F btspna tUfpd]wdh] xU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FU
mj]jifa jd]dpr]irahd kdf] fw]gidahsh]fis vg]bghGJk] fz]of]f
ntz]Lk]. xU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FU xU rp#]ahpd] Kl]lhs]jdj]ij
neuoahfr] Rl]of] fhl]odhy]/ mij ntW khjphpahf vLj]Jf] bfhs]sf] TlhJ.
- gfthd] irjd]ahpd] cgnjr']fs] 18 gpufh!de]jht[ld] ciuahly]
FU xUtuhfnt ,Uf]f Koa[k]

FU xUtuhfnt ,Uf]f Koa[k]. Vbddpy]/ mth] rp#]a guk]giuapy] tUgth].
tpahr njtUk] fpU#]z Uk] Iahapuk] Mz]Lfl]F Kd]g[ fw]gpj]jJ ,g]nghJk]
fw]gpf]fg]gLfpwJ. ,e]j ,U gog]gpidfSf]Fk] tpj]jpahrkpy]iy. Mr]rhhpah]fs]
E}w]Wf]fzf]fpy]/ Mapuf]fzf]fpy] te]J nghapUe]jhYk]/ bra]jp xd]nw.
cz]ikahd FU mtuJ Kd]ndho ngrpajw]F tpj]jpahrkhfg] ngRtjpy]iy.
- jd]i dawpa[k] tp"]"hdk]/ 2 Md]kPf FUitj] njh]e]bjLj]jy]/ FU vd]why] vd]d>
16
ghlk] 3 _y gpug[ghjh – mfpy cyf fpU#]zgf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] !]jhgf Mr]rhhpah]
ghlj]jiyg]g[fs]
!]jhgf Mr]rhhpahpd] bray]fs]
gpug[ghjh - _ irjd]a kQhgpug[tpd] rf]jpaspf]fg]gl]l gpujpepjp
vjph]fhyj]jpy]/ mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fk]
!]jhgf Mr]rhhpahpd] bray]fs]

- mog]gil my]yJ cWjpahd Mjut[ jUtJ
- mwpt[iufis epiyepWj]JtJ (bra]a ntz]oa tif Fwpj]j g[j]jpkjp)
- Kjy] Kiwahf (xU epWtdk] Kjyhdit) Vw]gLj]Jjy] my]yJ epWt[jy]
nkYk] me]j epWtdk] vd]Wk] ePoj]jpUf]f/ Kd]ndw]ghLfs]/ epge]jidfis
Vw]gLj]Jjy].
Mf]!]nghh]L M']fpy mfuhjp/ ,uz]lhk]
gjpg]g[/ Mf]!]nghh]L gy]fiyf]fHf mr]rfk] mYtyfk].
_y gpug[ghjh mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] !]jhgf Mr]rhhpauhf

bray]gLk] tHpfis/ fPnH
fPnH thpirg]gLj]Jf
_y gpug[ghjh _ irjd]a kQhgpug[tpd] rf]jpaspf]fg]gl]l gpujpepjp

etPd fhyj]jpd]/ _ irjd]a kQhgpug[tpd] rf]jpaspf]fg]gl]l gpujpepjpahf
_y gpug[ghjiu Vd] Vw]Wf]bfhs]fpnwhk] vd]gjw]fhd fhuz']fis/ fPnH
bfhLf]fg]gl]Ls]s fl]lj]jpy]/ thpirg]gLj]Jf.
17
nkhuh nrdhgjp gf]jh
Vng ehk r']fPh]j]jdh jpf]#]z flf iyah me]ju m!%u $Pntu ngypng fjpah
ajp ghgp rho jh]k Jnu njnr aah nkhuh nrdhgjp gf]j iang jjah
epiwa kf]fSld] nrh]e]J Qnu fpU#]z kQh ke]jpuhit ghLtJ (ehk
r']fPh]jdh) vd]w Thpa this vLj]Jf]bfhz]L midj]J fl]Lz]l Mj]khf]fspd]
,Uja']fspy] cs]s mRu kdg]ghd]ikia monahL mHpj]J ntuWg]ngd].
kjf]nfhl]ghLfis tpLj]J rpy ght Mj]khf]fs] J}u njr']fSf]F jg]g[tjhapd]/
mth]fSf]F fpU#z czh]it mspg]gjw]F vdJ nrdhgjp gf]jh gpwF tUthh].
- nyhrd jh!] jhTuh jdJ irjd]a k']fshtpy] (R{j]u fhz]lk]/ ghly] 12 gj']fs]
564-565)
vjph]fhyj]jpy] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fk]

vjph]fhyj]jpy] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] !]jhg
Mr]rhhpauhft[k]/ jiyikahd rPf]#h FUthft[k] _y gpug[ghjh] bjhlh]]e]J ,Uf]f
ntz]Lk] vd]gij vt]thW cWjpg]gLj]j Koa[k]>
fPnH bfhLf]fg]gl]Ls]s fl]lj]jpy] j']fSila vz]z']fis vGJf.
ehd] gfthd] irjd]ahpd] bra]jpia vLj]Jr] bry]gtd] kl]Lnk ………

vd]Dila g[j]jf']fs]/ foj']fs] kw]Wk] ehd] Tl]l']fspy] ngRtjw]Fk]
Md c']fsJ ghuhl]LjYf]F/ ehd] kpft[k] ed]wp TWfpnwd]. mit vd]Dila
thh]j]ijfs] ,y]iy. ehd] jpUk]g/ jpUk]g bjhptpj]jJ nghy/ ehd] rPlg] guk]giu
\ykhf gfthd] irjd]ahpd] bra]jpia vLj]Jr] bry]gtd] kl]Lnk kw]Wk] ehd]
TLjy]/ Fiwj]jy] vija[k] bra]tjpy]iy. mijg]nghynt/ eP']fs] ,e]j
thh]j]ijfis bjhlh]r]rpahf vLj]Jr] brd]why]/ gpwF jpt]akhd guk]giu Kiw
rhpahfg] ghJfhf]fg]gLk] kw]Wk] kf]fs] bghJthf gad]milthh]fs].
- 'gfthdp'w]F vGjpa fojk]/ yh!] V"]ry]!]/ 10/ $dthp/ 1970
18
ghlk] ehd]F mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] FUf]fs]
ghlj] jiyg]g[fs]
• xU rp#]ahpd] Fz']fs]
• xU mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] cs]s FUtpd] kndhepiy
• FUf]fs] kw]Wk] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] mjpfhhpfspd]
fl]lisfs]
• mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpw]F btspna cs]s FUf]fs]
xU rp#]ahpd] Fz']fs]
xU rp#]ahpd] Kf]fpakhd Fz']fs] rpytw]iw thpirg]gLj]Jf
xU mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] cs]s FUtpd] kndhepiy

fPnH bfhLf]fg]gl]lit Fwpj]J/ bghJthf xU mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp
,af]fj]jpy] cs]s FUtpd] (jw]nghJ cs]s kw]Wk] vjph]fhyj]jpa) Vw]w
kndhepiy vt]thW ,Uf]f ntz]Lk] vd]W fUJfpwPh]fs]>
• _y gpug[ghjhpd] cgnjr']fs]
• mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] cs]s mjpfhu mikg]g[
c']fs] vz]z']fis vGJf………..
FUf;fs; kw;Wk; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f mjpfhhpfspd; cgnjr';fs;

FG gapw;rp
fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;ltw;iw ikakhff; bfhz;L/ xU rpwpa ehlfk; mu';nfw;Wf.
1. cs;~h; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f mjpfhhpapd; cgnjr';fs;/
xUtUila FUtpd; cgnjr';fSf;F khwhf ,Uf;Fk; R{H;epiyia/
bghUj;jkhd tHpapy; rkhspj;jy;.
2. cs;~h; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f mjpfhhpapd; cgnjr';fs;/
xUtUila FUtpd; cgnjr';fSf;F khwhf ,Uf;Fk; R{H;epiyia/
bghUj;jkw;w tHpapy; rkhspj;jy;.
19
fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,lj;ij/ ,e;j ehlfk; gw;wpa tpthjj;jpd; nghJ/ Fwpg;g[fs;
vLg;gjw;F gad;gLj;Jf.
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpw;F btspna cs;s FUf;fs;

mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpw;Fs; cs;s jPf;#h kw;Wk; rPf;#h FUf;fis
Vw;Wf;bfhs;tjpy; cs;s ed;ikfis/ fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fl;lj;jpy;
gl;oaypLf.
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy;; xU FUtpd; kndhepiy
_y gpug[ghjUf]Fk]/ FU guk]giuf]Fk] nrit

mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] jPf]#hFU my]yJ rPf]#h FU vd]w
nritia Vw]Wf] bfhs]Sgth]fs] _y gpug[ghjhtpd] cgnjr']fis vLj]Jr]
brhy]tjpy]/ j']fSila thh]j]ijfspYk]/ brhe]j elj]ijapYk] cah]thf ,Uf]f
cj]jutplg]gLfpwhh]fs]. _y gpug[ghjh kw]Wk] ekJ FU guk]giuapd] rhh]ghf/
rPf]#h FU Md]kPf cgnjr']fs] kw]Wk] Cf]fj]jpid tH']Ffpwhh]. _y gpug[ghjh
kw]Wk] ekJ FU guk]giuf]Fk] xU nritahf/ Md]kPf cgnjr']fs]/ cj]ntfk]/
Kiwahd jPf]i#/ Md]kPfg] bgah] kw]Wk] gpd]dhspy] jFjp tha]e]j rp#]aUf]F
g[dpj fhaj]hp ke]jpu']fs] Mfpatw]iw jPf]#h FU tH']Ffpwhh].
- 303/ _y gpug[ghjhtpd] epiy kPjhd $p.gp.rp Tw]W
gf;jp rpj;jhe;j jhThpd; eph;thf mikg;g[

gf;jp rpj;jhe;j jhTh;/ jdJ kiwtpd; rkak;/ xU eph;thf mikg;ig
Vw;gLj;jp ,af;fj;jpd; eltof;iffis xj;JiHg;g[ld; bray;gLj;JkhW/ jdJ
midj;J rp#;ah;fisa[k; ntz;of;bfhz;lhh;. mth; xU Fwpg;gpl;l kdpjiu mLj;j
Mr;rhhpauhf ,Uf;FkhW Mizapltpy;iy. Mdhy; mtuJ kiwtpw;Fg; gpwF/
20
mtUila jiyaha brayhsh;fs;/ ve;jtpj mjpfhuKk; ,d;wp/ Mr;rhhpah; vd;w
gjtpiag; bgWtjw;fhf/ jpl;l';fis tFj;jhh;fs;. ahh; mLj;j Mr;rhhpauhf
,Uf;ff;TLk; vd;gJ Fwpj;J/ ,uz;L gphpt[fshfg; gphpe;jdh;. mjd; tpisthf/
,uz;L gphpt[fSk; rh!;jpuj;jpd; mog;gilapy; ,y;iy my;yJ cgnahfkw;wit.
Vbdd;why; mth;fs; ve;jbthU mjpfhuKk; ,d;wp Md;kPf FUtpd; fl;lisf;Ff;
fPH;goahky; ele;J bfhz;lhh;fs;.
_ irjd;a rhpjhk;Ujh/ Mjp 12.8
FU kw;Wk; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd;; mjpfhhpfspd;

fl;lisfs;
_y gpug[ghjUf;Fg; gzpayhk;/ Mdhy; $p.gp.rp.iag; gpd;gw;w ntz;lhk;.
_y gpug[ghjUf;Fg; gzpayhk;/ Mdhy; $p.gp.rp.iag; gpd;gw;w ntz;lhk;.
jh';fs; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fk; kw;Wk; $p.gp.rp ia tpUk;gtpy;iy
vd;W mth;fs; brhy;Yk; bghGJ/ cz;ikapnyna mth;fs; vdJ Miziag;
gpd;gw;w tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;nw TWfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; vdJ Mizia
tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;gnj ,jd; bghUs;. vdJ Mizapy; mth;fSf;F
ek;gpf;ifapy;iy vd;W mh;j;jk;. vd;dpy; ek;gpf;ifapy]iy vd;W mh;j;jk;. ,J FU
mguhjkhFk;. vd; nky; ek;gpf;if cs;sJ vd;W mth;fs; TWtJ btWk; ghrh';F.
8 gpg;uthp 1975/ ,!;fhd; QhdY}Y /Qtha; /
_y gpug[ghjh yPyh – gpw;nrh;f;i f / _y gpug[ghjh yPyhk;Ujh – by SDG
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpw;F btspna cs;s FUf;fs;
ekJ guk;giuapy; ,y;yhj xUthplkpUe;J nfl;f/ vg;nghJk; Kaw;rp bra;ahjPh;fs;.

j';fSila Md;kPf FU my;yJ m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l egh;fsplkpUe;J
nfl;gjpy; eP';fs; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhy; ed;W. Mdhy; ekJ guk;giuapy; ,y;yhj
xUthplkpUe;J nfl;f/ vg;nghJk; Kaw;rp bra;ahjPh;fs;. mt;thW nfl;gJ btWknd
fhy tpuak; kw;Wk; gpwF me;jj; jtiw epth;j;jp bra;a ntz;Lk;.
- Qk;!J}jhtpw;F vGjpa fojk;/ Qk;gh;f;/ 5/ brg;lk;gh;/ 1969
jat[ bra;J mth;fisj; jtph;f;ft[k;

thd; (ghd;) kfuh$h Fwpj;J Tw;W ,izf;fg;gl;L/ brg;lk;gh; 3/ 1975
njjpapl;l cd;Dila fojk; fpilf;fg; bgw;nwd;. Mjyhy;/ ehd; ,g;bghGJ/ vdJ
midj;J Md;kPfr; rnfhjuh;fisa[k;/ vdJ midj;J rp#;ah;fSk; tpyf;f
ntz;Lk; vd Mizapl;oUf;fpnwd;. vdJ rp#;ah;fs; mth;fSld; ve;j
tptfhu';fspYk; <Lglf;TlhJ. fojj; bjhlh;g[ Tl ,Uf;ff; TlhJ. vdJ ve;j
g[j;jf';fisa[k; mth;fSf;F mspf;ff;TlhJ. mth;fsJ g[j;jf';fis th';ff;
TlhJ. mth;fsJ ve;j nfhtpy;fSf;Fk; eP';fs; bry;yf;TlhJ. jat[bra;J
mth;fisj; jtph;f;ft[k;.
- tp!;tfh;khtpw;F vGjpa fojk;/ Kk;ig/ 9/ etk;gh;/ 1975
21
mtUf;F gpurhjk; mspa[';fs;/ \j;j it#;zth; vd bfsutpa[';fs;/ Mdhy;
mth; ngrnth my;yJ tFg;g[ mspf;fnth TlhJ.
midj;J it#;zth;fSk; fpU#;z czh;itg; gug;g[tjw;F mjpfhuk;
bgw;wth;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; mjpfhuj;jpy; ju';fs; cs;sd. KGikahfg; ghh;j;jhy;/
(ghd; kfuh$h) mthpd; nehf;fk; vd;id eRf;Ftjw;fhf/ mjw;fhfnt mth;
te;jpUf;fpwhh;/ mt;thW ,Uf;ifapy; ehk; mtiu vt;thW tuntw;f Koa[k;? mth;
Vw;fdnt xU nguhrpaUf;F jtwhd fUj;ij mspj;Jtpl;lhh;. mtiu
tpUe;jhspahf elj;jyhk;. mth; ekJ fpisf;F te;jhy;/ cgrhpf;fyhk;. mtUf;F
gpurhjk; mspa[';fs;. \j;j it#;zth; vd bfsutpa[';fs;. Mdhy; mth;
ngrnth/ tFg;g[ mspf;fnth TlhJ. mth; tFg;g[ mspf;f tpUk;gpdhy;/
"Vw;fdnt xU ngr;rhsh; ngRtjw;F jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;sJ" vd eP';fs; mthplk;
brhy;Y';fs;. mt;tst[jhd;.
- !j;!;t+ghtpw;F vGjpa fojk;/ QhdY}Y/ 4/ $Pd;/ 1975
TLjy; nkw;nfhs;fs; - ghlk; 4 - mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f FUf;fs;

$p.gp.rp
eph;thf mikg;g[ Mizak; ($p.gp.rp) KG mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp
,af;fj;jpd; ,Wjp eph;thf Mizakhf ,Uf;Fk;.
- _y gpug[g hjhpd; capy;/ $Pd;/ 1977
bfsoa klk; gpur;rhu nritapy; njhw;Wtpl;lJ

,j;jifa gpur;rhu bray;fspy; eP';fs; bjlh;e;J <Lgl ntz;Lk;. bfsoa
klk; gpur;rhu nritapy; njhw;Wtpl;lJ. Vbdd;why; mth;fs; ,e;jf; bfhs;ifia
Vw;Wf; bfhz;lhh;fs;: "xU klk; my;yJ nfhtpypd; fPH; rpwpJ g[fyplk;
fpilj;jt[ld;/ kw;Wk; rpy l$d;/ rpy l$d; ,y;iy/ xU l$d; rp#;ah;fs;/ gpwF
mth;fs; m';nfna j';fis !;jh;gpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwhh;fs;. ,g;bghGJ "Qnu
fpU#;z/ Qnu fpU#;z/ Qnu fpU#;z/ Qnu fpU#;z/ Qnu fpU#;z " vd;W
gho/ jd;id xU khbgUk; $gk; bra;gth; vdf; fhl;of; bfhs;fpwhh;. cdJ gpur;rhuk;
vd;d….." Mjyhy; vdJ FU kfhuh$h ,e;jf; bfhs;ifiaf; fz;oj;jhh;. "kd
Jkp fpn#u it#;zth". eP ve;j khjphpahd it#;zth;> "gpujp#;jhu jnu
eph;$ndu fnu – kypthd gpugyj;jpw;fhf kl;Lk;/ "X mth; xU it#;zth; mth;
$gk; bra;fpwhh;. rhpjhd; …..". xU ftiya[kpy;iy. Vbdd;why;/ gpur;rhuk;
bra;atpy;iy vdpy; xU ftiya[kpy;iy. eP';fs; kf;fSf;Ff; fhl;lyhk; "ehd;
,g;bghGJ kpft[k; Kf;jpaile;j Mj;kh" vd;W $gpf;fyhk;/ jpahdpf;fyhk;. ,e;j
khjphpahd ntiy cw';Fjy; vd mh;j;jk;. ,J vdJ FU kfhuh$hthy;
fz;of;fg;glhJ. "gujp#;jhu jnu eph;$ndu fnu jt Qhpehk nftyh". ,J btWk;
Vkhw;Wjy;. vdJ FU kfhuh$h ,e;j tifahd braiy Mnkhjpf;ftpy;iy. mth;
Mnkhjpf;ftpy;iy. mth; xt;bthUtUk; gpur;rhu nritapy; <Lgl ntz;Lk; vd;nw
tpUk;gpdhh;.
- _kj; ghftjk; 6.3.18 – nfhuf;g {h;/ gpg;uthp/ 11/ 1971
22
$p.gp.rp apd; mjpfhuj;ij Vw;Wf;bfhs;tJ vd;gJ _y gpug[ghjhpd; fl;lisahFk;
it#;zt nfhl;ghLfspd;go xU FUtpd; mog;gilahd/ jFjpahd gz;g[
ahbjdpy; mth; jdJ brhe;j FUtpd; fl;lisiag; gpd;gw;WtJ vd;gnj. mth; xU
bghGJk; v$khduhtjpy;iy. vg;bghGJk; nrtfdhfnt bjhlh;e;J ,Uf;fpwhh;.
Mjyhy;/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy; xU FU vd;w jFjpiaf;
bfhs;tjw;F/ _y gpug[ghjhpd; fl;lisfis fz;og;g[ld; gpd;gw;Wjy; vd;gJ
kpft[k; mtrpak;. _y gpug[ghjhpd; Miz vd;dbtd;why;/ $p.gp.rp apd;
mjpfhuj;jpd; fPH;/ midj;J gf;jh;fSk; xj;JiHg;g[ld; nrit bra;a ntz;Lk;
vd]gnj. $p.gp.rpapd; mjpfhuj;ij Vw;Wf;bfhs;Sjy; vd;gJ xUthpd;
jd;dpr;irahd tpUg;gk; ,y;iy. Vbdd;why; mJ _y gpug[ghjhpd; Miz. FU
vd;w brhy;Yf;nf mtrpakhdJ.
xU rp#;ah; jdJ Md;kPf FUtpd; fl;lisfis gpwHhky;/ khWghL ,y;yhky;
epiwntw;w ntz;Lk;.
,J bjhlh;ghf/ _ gf;jp rpe;jhe;j ru!;tjp nfh!;thkp kfuh$h
tpkh;rpf;fpwhh;: "xUth; mtUila Md;kPf FUtplkpUe;J nfl;Fk;
thh;j;ijfSf;nfw;g/ mt;thnw bray;gl;lhy;/ mtUila thH;tpy; KGikahf
btw;wp bgw;wtuhf Koa[k"; . Md;kPf FUtpd; thh;j;ijfis Vw;Wf;bfhs;Sjy;
"!;busj ghf;ah" vdg;gLfpwJ. Md;kPf FUtpd; fl;lisfis gpwHhky;
epiwntw;w ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,J Fwpf;fpwJ. "xU rp#;ah; jdJ Md;kPf FUtpd;
thh;j;ijfis jdJ thH;thjhukhf Mf Vw;Wf;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;" vd _y
tp!;tehj rf;futh;j;jp jhTuh ,J bjhlh;ghf/ Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s hh;.
- _ irjd;a rhpjhkpUjh/ Mjp 7.72
_y gpug[ghjh kl;Lnk/ Mdhy; mtUila $p.gp.rp ia gpd;gw;wtpy;iy
_y gpug[ghjhpd; miwapy; kw;WbkhU vjph;g;g[ epfH;e;jJ. rpy gf;jh;fs; "_y

gpug[ghjhpd; nky; ek;gpf;if bfhz;L mtUf;Ff; fPH;goa Koa[k;/ Mdhy;
mtUila $p.gp.rp gpujpepjpianah my;yJ mthpd; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp
,af;fj;ija[k; gpd;gw;w KoahJ " vd tw;g[Wj;jpdhh;fs;. _y gpug[ghjhpd;
miwapy; ,Ue;j gf;jh;fs; Kd;dh; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; Qtha;
fpisapd; jiyth;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. gpwF m';fpUe;J tpyfp/ jw;nghJ epjp kw;Wk;
brhj;Jf;fis mth;fsJ brhe;j bgahpy; cgnahfpg;gjhf gaKWj;jpf;
bfhz;oUe;jhh;fs;. gpug[ghjh; mth;fis bjhlh;e;J nfl;Lf;bfhz;oUe;jhh;. "eP';fs;
Vd; tpyfpr; brd;wPh;fs;>; Vd; ruz; miltjpy;iy> Vd; eP';fs; j';Ftjpy;iy">
Mdhy; mth;fs; jh';fs; _y gpug[ghjiu ek;g[k; mnj rkak; $p.gp.rpia ek;g
KoahJ vd tw;g[Wj;jpdh;.
_y gpug[ghjhpd; "ruzil" vd;w vspa nfhhpf;ifia mth;fs; kWj;jjpy;

vhpr;ryile;J me;j miwapy; ,Ue;j $p.gp.rp cWg;gpdh;fspy; xUth; nfl;lhh;.
"eP';fs; gpug[ghjiu Vw;gjhf brhy;fpwPh;fs;"
mth;fs; gjpyspj;jdh; "Mk;"
"mthpy; ek;gpf;if cs;sJ vd TWfpwPh;fs;>
"Mk;"
"mth; vd;d nfl;lhYk;/ gpd;gw;w Koa[k; vd;W TWfpwPh;fs;>
23
"Mk;"
"mg;goahdhy;/ gpug[ghjh; c';fis $p.gp.rpiag; gpd;gw;wr; brhd;dhy;/ eP';fs; mij
bra;tPh;fsh>"
miw KGtJk; eprg;jKk;/ gjw;wKk; MdJ.
",y;iy. eh';fs; gpd;gw;w KoahJ"
mth;fs; ",y;iy" vd;W brhd;d nghJ/ _y gpug[ghjh; mtuJ nki$apd; kPJ jdJ
K#;oahy; Fj;jpdhh;. me;j tHp jg;gpa gf;jh;fisr; Rl;of;fhl;o Twpdhh;. ",e;j
fglj;ijg; ghU';fs;". _y gpug[ghjhpd; ,e;j Tuhd Kotpw;Fg; gpwFk; mth;fs;
j';fSila "c';fsplk; ruzilfpnwhk;. Mdhy; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp
,af;fj;jplk; my;y" vd;w bfhs;ifia rhjpj;jdh;.
_y gpug[ghjh; mth;fis miwia tpl;L btspnawr; brhy;Yk; tiuapYk;/

mth;fs; ,ij rhjpj;jdh;. me;j miwapy; ,Ue;j kw;w gf;jh;fsplk; gpug[ghjh; gpwF
Fwpg;gpl;lhh;: "jh';fs; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fk; kw;Wk; $p.gp.rp ia
tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;W mth;fs; brhy;Yk; bghGJ/ cz;ikapnyna mth;fs; vdJ
Miziag; gpd;gw;w tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;nw TWfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs; vdJ
Mizia tpUk;gtpy;iy vd;gnj ,jd; bghUs;. vdJ Mizapy; mth;fSf;F
ek;gpf;ifapy;iy vd;W mh;j;jk;. vd;dpy; ek;gpf;ifapy; vd;W mh;j;jk;. ,J FU
mguhjkhFk;. vd; nky; ek;gpf;if cs;sJ vd;W mth;fs; TWtJ btWk; ghrh';F:
xU rp#;ah; jdJ Md;kPf FUtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; vg;bghGJk; xU Kl;lhshf

,Uf;f ntz;Lk;
xU rp#;ah; vt;thW ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;Fr; irjd;a kQhgpug[nt xU
Fw;wkw;w cjhuzkhfj; jpfH;e;jhh;. xU Md;kPff; FUtpw;F xt;bthU
rp#;aiuiaa[k; xU Fwpg;gpl;l nritapy; vt;thW <LgLj;j ntz;Lk; vd;W kpf
ed;F bjhpa[k;. Mdhy; xU rp#;ah; jd;id kpft[k; Kd;ndwpatuhff; fUjp/
FUtpd; fl;lisfis tpLj;J/ jd;dpr;irahf bray;gl;lhy;/ mtuJ brhe;j
Md;kPf Kd;ndw;wj;ij mtnu jil bra;fpwhh;. xt;bthU rp#;aUk; fpU#;z
tp";"hdj;jpy; jdf;F Kw;wpYk; vJt[k; bjhpahJ vd jd;idf; fUj ntz;Lk;/
kw;Wk; Md;kPf FUtpd; fl;lisfis epiwntw;Wtjw;F vg;bghGJk; jahuhf
,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhf fpU#;z czh;tpy; jpwika[s;s tuhf Koa[k;. xU
rp#;ah; jdJ Md;kPf FUtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; vg;bghGJk; xU Kl;lhshf ,Uf;f
ntz;Lk;.
- _ irjd;a rhpjhkpUjh MjpyPyh 7.72
mwpt[s]s xU kdpjd] ey]yija[k]/ bfl]lija[k] gFj]jwpaf] fw]Wf] bfhz]L/

mjw]nfw]g braw]gl]L……
Mfnt jk]Kila kdKk] g[j]jpa[k] vg]bghGJk] Mnuhf]fpakhft[k]/ cWjpahft[k]
,Uf]Fk]go ek] thH]f]ifia mikj]Jf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]. ,jdhy] gpur]ridfs]
epiwe]j xU thH]tpy]Tl thH]tpd] ,yl]rpaj]ij ek]khy] gFj]jwpa Koa[k].
mwpt[s]s xU kdpjd] ey]yija[k]/ bfl]lija[k] gFj]jwpaf] fw]Wf] bfhz]L/
mjw]nfw]g braw]gl]L/ thH]tpd] ,yl]rpaj]ij mila ntz]Lk].
24
ghlk; 5 FU ghj M!;uah
ghlj; jiyg;g[fs;
gpug[ghj M#;uah
jPf;#h / rPf;#h FU – ghj M#;uah
gpug[ghj M#;uahtpw;fhd tHpfhl;Ljy;fs;

ekJ Md;kPf thH;tpd; bjhlf;fj;jpypUe;nj/ _y gpug[ghjUld; MH;e;j/
ek;gj;jf;f/ gf;jp hPjpahd cwit tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;tjw;F/ rpy Fwpg;gpl;l tHpfisg;
gl;oaypLf.
_y gpug[ghjh xt]bthU mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]f gf]jUld] jdpg]gl]l

cwt[ bfhz]Ls]shh].
mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] !]jhgf Mr]rhhpah]/ jiyikahd FU
kw]Wk] ,Wjp mjpfhhp vd]w Kiwapy]/ _y gpug[ghjh xt]bthU mfpy cyf
fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]f gf]jUld] jdpg]gl]l cwt[ bfhz]Ls]shh].
- 303/ _y gpug[ghjhtpd] epiy kPjhd $p.gp.rp. Tw]W
g[jpa cWg;gpdh;fis _y gpug[ghjhplk; g[fyplk; bfhs;s mwpt[Wj;Jjy;

_y gpug[ghjhplk; g[fyplk; bfhs;tjw;Fk;/ gpd; fpU#;z czh;tpy;
mth;fSf;F mwpt[iu tH';Fgth;fsplkpUe;J tHpfhl;Ljy;/ gapw;rp kw;Wk;
cjtpiag; bgWtjw;Fk;/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f gf;jh;fs; g[jpa
cWg;gpdh;fis mwpt[Wj;jyhk;. vg;bghGJ/ ahhplkpUe;J jPf;i# bgw ntz;Lk;
vd;gij mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f cWg;gpdh;fs; njh;e;bjLf;fyhk;.
!;jhgf Mr;rhhpah; kw;Wk; Kjd;ikahd rPf;#h FU vd _y gpug[ghjhpd; kPJ jdJ
ftdj;ij mth;fs; xUKfg;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.
Fiwe;j gl;rkhf/ _y gpug[ghjhpd; gpuzhk ke;jpuj;jpd; Kjy; gFjpia cr;rhpf;f
ntz;Lk;
j';fsJ tzf;f';fis rkh;gpf;Fk; bghGJ/ midj;J ngu- rp#;ah;fSk;/
vjph;fhy re;jjpapdUk;/ j';fSila jPf;#h FUtpd; gpuzhk ke;jpuj;ij
cr;rhpj;jgpd;/ !;jhgf Mr;rhhpaUf;F khpahij brYj;Jk; tpjkhf/
Fiwe;jgl;rkhf/ _y gpug[ghjhpd; gpuzhk ke;jpuj;jpd; Kjy; gFjpia cr;rhpf;f
ntz;Lk;.
26
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy; rpf;#h kw;Wk; jpf;#h ,tw;wpd; nehf;fk;
_y gpug[ghjhpd; cgnjr';fspy; g[fyplk;; bfhz;L/ mtUld; jplkhd
cwit cWjpg;gLj;jpa gpwF/ Fiwe;jgl;rk; MW khj';fSf;fhtJ eilKiw
gf;jpj; bjhz;oid (rhjdh) fz;og;g[ld; gapw;rp bra;j gpwF/ mth;fs; xU
m';fPfhpf;f mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f gf;jiu jdJ vjph;;fhy jPf;#h
FUthf Vw;Wf;bfhs;syhk;. mjd; gpwFk;/ Fiwe;jgl;rk; MW khj';fSf;Fg;
gpwF/ mthplkpUe;J it#;zt jPf;i#ia Vw;Wf; bfhs;syhk;. tpRthrk;/ gw;Wjy;
kw;Wk; md;g[ - ,itfspd; mog;gilapy; _y gpug[ghjUld; gf;jh;fSf;F cs;s
cwit gyg;gLj;Jtnj/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy; rpf;#h kw;Wk;
jpf;#h ,tw;wpd; nehf;fk; vd g[hpe;J bfhs;sg;gl ntz;Lk;.
- ,!;fhd; rl;lk; 7.21 Kjy; (Qhpehk) jPl;ir
jPf;#h / rpf;#h FU – ghj M#;u ah kw;Wk; gpug[ghj M#;uah
jPf;#h / rpf;#h FU – ghj M#;uahtpw;Fk;/ gpug[ghjh M#;uahtpw;Fk] cs;s

bjhlh;g[ vd;d>
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy; FU – ghj M#;uah

mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy;/ xU rp#;ah; \d;W ,l';fspy;
g[fyplk;; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
_y gpug[ghjh
rPf;#h FUf;fs; jPf;#h FU
rp#;ah;
27
jPf;#h FUtpd; cgnjr';fSf;F vjpuhf rpf;#h FU vija[k;/ ngRtjpy;iy
rpy rkak; jPf;#h FU vg;nghJk; ,y;yhky; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mjyhy; xUth;
Kd;ndwpa gf;jhplkpUe;J gapw;rp kw;Wk; mwpt[iuia vLj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;. ,Jnt
rpf;#h FU vdg;gLfpwJ rpf;#h FU vd;why; jpf;#h FUtpd; cgnjr';fSf;F
vjpuhf vijahtJ ngRgth; vd;W mh;j;jky;y. mg;goahdhy; mth; xU rpf;#h;
FUthf khl;lhh; mth; xU Kl;lhs;.
- gftj; fPjh 17.13 – QhdY}Y/ $Piy 4/ 1974
mtuJ fUizapd] btt]ntW njhw]w']fis xd]W nrh]g]gjd] \ykhf/ xU gf]jh]

,Wjpapy] _fpU#]zuhy] tpLtpf]fg]gLfpwhh].
mt]thwhf/ mtuJ fUizapd] btt]ntW njhw]w']fis xd]W nrh]g]gjd] \ykhf/
xU gf]jh] ,Wjpapy] _fpU#]zuhy] tpLtpf]fg]gLfpwhh]. irj]a FU/ _y gpug[ghjh/
FU guk]giu/ xUthpd] jPf]#h FU/ kw]w rPf]#h FUf]fs]/ fpU#]zhpd] g[dpj ehkk]/
rh!}jpu']fs] kw]Wk] xd]gJtpj gf]jpj] bjhz]Lfs] Mfpait ,tw]wpy] mlf]fk].
,itjhd] vd tiuaWf]fg]gltpy]iy.
mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] midj]J cWg]gpdh]fSf]Fk]
jiyikahd FUthf cs]shh].
,j]jifa xj]JiHf]fpd]w \yj]jj]Jt']fSf]Fs]]/ _y gpug[ghjh mfpy cyf
fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] !]jhgf Mr]rhhpah] vd]w Kiwapy]/ mfpy cyf
fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] midj]J cWg]gpdh]fSf]Fk] jiyikahd FUthf
cs]shh]. midj]J cWg]gpdh]fSk]/ midj]J jiyKiwfSf]Fk] _y
gpug[ghjhtplk] g[fyplk] bfhs]tjw]F Cf]Ftpf]fg]gLfpwhh]fs]. _y gpug[ghjhtpd]
mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fk]/ nrit/ cgnjr']fs]/ mtuJ g[j]jf']fs]
\ykhf/ _y gpug[ghjht[ld] jdpg]gl]l cwt[ bfhs]tjw]F/ midj]J mfpy cyf
fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] cWg]gpdh]fSk] chpik bgWfpwhh]fs] kw]Wk]
Cf]Ftpf]fg]gLfpwhh]fs].
28
ghlk; 6 FUitj; njh;e;bjLj;jy;
ghlj; jiyg;g[fs;
xU m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l FUtpd; jFjpfs;

FUitj; njh;e;bjLj;jy;
xU FUtplk; vd;d vjph;ghh;f;fpwPh;fs;>
xU m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l FUtpd; jFjpfs; ahit> tpthj';fspypUe;J fPH;fz;l

fl;lj;jpy;/ Fwpg;g[fis vGJf -
xU m';fPfhpf;fglg;l FUtpd; jFjpfs;

thnrh – ntfk] kd!: f]nuhj – ntfk]
$pQ]th – ntfk] cjnuhg!]j – ntfk]
Vjhd] ntfhd] nah tp#nQj jPu
!h]thk] mgpkhk] g]Ujptpk] ! rp#]ahj]
'ngr]rpd] J}z]Ljy]/ kdjpd] njitfs]/ nfhgj]jpd] bray]fs] kw]Wk] ehf]F/ tapW/

ghYWg]g[fs] Mfpatw]wpd] J}z]Ljy]fis bghWj]Jf] bfhs]s Toa epjhd
g[j]jpa[s]s xUth] cyfk] KGtjpYk] rPlh]fis Vw]Fk] jFjp tha]e]jtuhthh].
- cgnjrhkpUjk]/ gjk]1
29
,uz;L jFjpfs;
jj; - tp";dhdhh;jk; FUk; Vthgpfr;nrj;
rkpj; - ghdpQp !;nhj;hpak; g;uQ;k – ep#;jk;
- Kz;lf cgep#j; 1.2.12
,j;jifa tp#a';fis Kiwahfg; g[hpe;J bfhs;tjw;F/ KG Kjw; flt[splk;

cWjpahf gf;jp bfhz;Ls;stUk; ntj';fspy; ed;F fw;wwpe;jtUkhd xU
Md;kPf FUit xUth; gzpt[ld;/ mqf ntz;Lk;.
jFjp bgw]w FU jhnd ,l]Lf]fl]o cUthf]fpa mwpt[ Kiwiaf]
fw]gpg]gjpy]iy. mtuJ mwpt[ guk]giu Kiwapy] fw]fg]gl]ljhifahy] jukhdJ.
nkYk]/ mth] g[Un#hj]jkdhfpa KGKjw] flt[spd] nritapy] jplkhf epiy
bgw]wth]. (g]uQk ep#]lk]). ,it mtuJ ,U jFjpfs]. mth] ntj mwpitg]
guk]giu Kiwapy] fw]wpUf]f ntz]Lk]. gukg[U#dpd] nritapy] epiyj]jtuhf
,Ue]jy] ntz]Lk]. mth] mwp"uhf ntz]Lbkd]gjpy]iy. Mdhy] mth] mjpfhuk]
bgw]w xUthplkpUe]J nfl]lwpe]jtuhf ,Uf]f ntz]Lk].
- gfthd] _y fgpyhpd] nahfKiw/ gjk] 4/ mjpfhuk] bgw]w Md]kPf FUit ehly]
FUitj; njh;e;bjLg;gjw;fhd/ rpy bghUj;jkw;w fhuz';fis/ fPnHa[s;s
fl;lj;jpy; gl;oaypLf.
FUitj; njh;e;bjLg;gjw;fhd tHpKiwfs;

fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;l tHpKiwfs;/ jPf;i# mspg;gjw;fhd tHpKiwfs; Fwpj;j
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rl;lj;ij jGtpaJ
xU tUl jahh;gLj;Jk; fhyk;
gpug[ghj M#;uah
jPf;#h kw;Wk; rPf;#h ghj M#;uah
Qhp ehk jPl;ir
30
xU tUl jahh;gLj;Jk; fhyk;
mDTykhd gf;jpj; bjhz;oy; <LgLjy;
ehd;F fl;Lg;ghl;L tpjpfis fz;og;g[ld; gpd;gw;Wjy;
xU ehisf;F gjpdhW Rw;Wfs; $gk; bra;jy;
KG fhiy neu epfH;r;rpfspy; g';bfLg;g J (nfhtpypy; trpg;g th;)
tPl;oy; my;yJ ehk – Ql;lhtpy; fhiy neu epfH;r;rpapy; g';bfLg;gJ (nfhtpypy;
trpf;fhjth;fSf;F)
gpug[ghj M#;uah
jiyikahd rPf;#h FU vd;W _y gpug[ghjhpd; nky; ftdk; bfhs;Sjy;
tzf;f';fisr; rkh;gpf;Fk; bghGJ/ _y gpug[ghjhpd; gpuzhk ke;jpu';fis
cr;r hpj;jy;
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rk;g e;jg;g l;l Md;kPf mjpfhhpfsplkpUe;J
(rPf;#h FUf;fs;) tHpfhl;Ljiy bgWjy;.
jPf;#h kw;Wk; rPf;#h FU ghj M#;uah
nkw;Twpatw;i w Fiwe]jgl]r k] MW khj fhyk; gpd;g w;wpa gpwF/ xUth; jdJ

rPf;#h FUf;fspd; kj;jpapypUe;J/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd;
m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l jPf;#h FUitj; njh;e;bjLf;fyhk;. MW khj fhyk; vd;gJ Fiwe;jgl;r
fhyk; vd;gijf; fUj;jpy; bfhs;f. xUth; ,e;j njh;i t bra;tjw;F njitg;g l;l fhy
mtfhrk; vLj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.
j';fsJ brhe;j g[j;jpiag; gpunahfpj;J/ FUitj; njh;e;bjLg;g J khzth;fspd;
bghWg;g[.
nfhtpy; jiyth; my;yJ bjhlh;g[ila mjpfhhpf;Fj; bjhpag;gLj;Jjy;.
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; mjpfhhpahy; bfhLf;fg;g l;l
vGj;Jg;g[{h;tkhd njh;it vGjt[k;.
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; mjpfhhpaplkpUe;J Kiwahd rpghhpR
fojk; bgWjy;.
njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l FUtplkpUe;J mDkjp bgWjy;
me;j FUit tHpgl Muk;gpj;jy;. mtUila gpuzhk ke;jpuj;i j cr;rhpj;jy;/
mjd;gpwF Fiwe;jgl;r k] _y gpug[ghjhpd; gpuzhk ke;jpuj;jpd; Kjy; gFjpia/;
cr;r hpj;jy;.
xUth; jd;Dila njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l jPf;#h FUtplkpUe;J fl;lisfisg;
bgWtnjhL/ jd;Dila rPf;#h FUf;fsplk; ,Ue;J bjhlh;e;J mwpt[iufis
Vw;Wf;bfhs;fpwhh;.
xUth; ntbwhU mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f FUtplk; jPf;i # vLf;f
jPh;khdpj;jhy; FUtpw;Fk;/ cs;~h; eph;thfpfSf;Fk; bjhpag;g Lj;Jjy;
Qhp – ehk jPf;i#

mjd; gpd;dh; nkYk]/ Fiwe;jgl;rk; MW khj fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF xUth; it#;zt
jpf;i#ia Vw;Wf; bfhs;syhk;.
FUtpw;F xU khztUf;Fj; jPf;i# mspf;f ntz;Lk; vd;w ve;j fl;lhaKk;
,y;i y.
jPf;i#f;Fg; gpwF/ jdJ jPf;#h FUtpd; mDkjpnahL xUth; nkYk; rPf;#h
FUf;fis Vw;Wf; bfhs;syhk;.
31
jdpg;gl;l elj]ij kw;Wk; gpur;rhuk;
Mrhu/ gpurhu – ehnku fuQ 'Jap' fhh;a

Jkp – rh;t FU/ Jkp $pfnju Mh;a
"eP';fs; Qhp ehkj;jpw;F rk;ge;jkhd c';fsJ flikfis/ c';fsJ jdpg;gl;l

elj;ijapd; \ykhft[k;/ c';fsJ gpur;rhuk; \ykhft[k; xnu rkaj;jpy;
epiwntw;W';fs; ,t;thwhf/ eP';fs; kpft[k; Kd;ndwpa gf;jh; vd;gjhy;; ,e;j KG
cyfpd; Md;kPf FUthtPh]fs].
bghUSiu
!ehjd nfh!;thkp ,';nf ,e;j cyfj;jpd; m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Md;kPf FU Fwpj;J
bjspthf tiuaWf;fpwhh;. ,jd; bjhlh;ghf tpthpf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk; jFjpfs;
ahbjdpy; xUth; rh!;jphp tpjpfSf;F Vw;g bray;gl ntz;Lk; kw;Wk; mnj
neuj;jpy; gpur;rhuKk; bra;a ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW bray;gLk; xUth; xU
m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Md;kPf FU.
- _ irjd;a rhpjhkpUjh me]j]ah 4.103
ve;j M!;ukj;jpy; ,Ue;Jk;….

fpgh tpg;uh/ fpgh epah!p/ R{j;u nfd eah
na fpU#;z – jj;t – ntjh/ nra;/ FU Qah
xUth; xU gpuhkzuhf/ xU re;epahrpahf my;yJ xU R{j;uh – mth; vd;dthf

,Ue;jhYk;/ mth; fpU#;z tp";"hdj;ij mwpe;jpUe;jhy;/ xU Md;kPf FUthf
Koa[k;.
- _ irjd;a rhpjhkpUjh kj;a 8.128
eP';fs; xt;bthUtUk; Md;kPf FUthfyhk;
gfthd; irjd;ah; TWfpwhh;. "eP';fs; xt;bthUtUk; Md;kPf FUthF';fs;.

eP';fs; xt;bthUtUk;. Vd; xd;W/ ,uz;L> eP';fs; xt;bthUtUk;." "x Md;kPf FU
vd;gJ kpft[k; fodkhd bray;" ,y;iy. fodkhd bray; ,y;iy. irjd;a
kQh…. mkhuh m$;dhah vd;Dila fl;lisia kl]Lk; epiwntw;W';fs;.
mt]tst[jhd]/ gpwF eP']fs] Md]kPf FUthfyhk].
- gftj; fPij/ 4.1 – 2/ bfhyk;g!;/ nk 9/ 1969
"vd; fl;lisapd; nghpy;"- ,J jPh;khdpf;fpw Kf;fpa Fwpg;g[

Mjyhy; eP';fs; vt;thW xU Md;kPf FUthf Koa[k;> xU Md;kPf FU nghJkhd
mwpit/ ,d;Dk; gy jFjpfisg; bgw;wpUf;f ntz;Lk; vd]wpy;iy. ve;j
jFjpfSk; ,y;yhknyna/ xUth; xU Md;kPf FUthf Koa[k; vt;thW>
,g;bghGJ ,e;j tHpahdJ/ irjd;a kQhgpug[ TWfpwhh;. mkhuh m$dhah.
"vdJ fl;lisapd; nghpy;". ,Jjhd; jPh;khdpf;fpw Fwpg;g[/ xUth; jd;Dila jpOh;
tpUg;g';fshy; Md;kPf FUthf KoahJ. mth; Md;kPf FU my;y. xU nkk;gl;l
mjpfhhpahy; fl;lisaplg;gl ntz;Lk;. gpwF mth; xU Md;kPf FU/ mkhuh
m";dhah. ekJ tp#aj;i jg; nghy. ekJ nkk;gl;l mjpfhhp/ ekJ Md;kPf FU
32
vdf;Ff; fl;lisapl;lhh;: ",e;jf; flt[spd; ew;bra;jpia/ vd;dplkpUe;J vijf;
fw;wpUe;jhYk;/ mij M';fpyj;jpy; gpur;rhuk; bra;a Kaw;rp bra;". Mjyhy;
eh';fs; Kaw;rp bra;njhk;. mt;tst[jhd;. ehd; kpft[k; jFjp tha;e;jtd;
vd;wpy;iy. vdJ xnu jFjp ahbjdpy; ehd; vdJ nkk;gl;l mjpfhhpapd;
fl;lisia epiwntw;Wtjw;F Kaw;rp bra;njd;. mt;tst[jhd;. mJjhd;
btw;wpapd; ,ufrpak;.
- gftj; fPij 2.2/ yz;ld;/ Mf!;l;/ 3/ 1973
VjhtJ btwp fhuzkhf xUtiuj] jpObud]W FUthf Vw]ff]TlhJ. mJ
mghafukhd bray].
xUtiu FUthf xg]g[f]bfhs]SKd]/ mthplk] ehk] ruzilayhkh vd]gijf]
ftdkhf Muha ntz]Lbkd]W rh!]jpu']fs] gzpf]fpd]wd. VjhtJ btwp
fhuzkhf xUtiuj] jpObud]W FUthf Vw]ff]TlhJ. mJ mghafukhd bray].
FUt[k] xUtd] rp#]adhtjw]Fj] jFjpa[s]stdh vd]gijf] ftdpf]f ntz]Lk].
- jd]idawpa[k] tp";"hdk]/ 2- FU vd]why] vd]d>
Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU tUlj;jpw;fhtJ xd;whfr; re;jpa[';fs;
!;ehjd nfh!;thkp vGjpa "Qhp gf;jp tpth!h" tpy; Twg;gl;oUf;fpwJ :"Md;kPf

FUt[k; rp#;aUk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU tUlj;jpw;fhtJ xd;whfr; re;jpf;f ntz;Lk;".
,jdhy;/ ",e;j egiu ehd; vd;Dila FUthf Vw;Wf; bfhs;syhk;" vd rp#;ah;
g[hpe;J bfhs;syhk;" kw;Wk; ",';nf xUth; vdJ rp#;auhf/ jFjpa[s;s tuhf
,Uf;fpwhh;" vd FUt[k; bjhpe;J bfhs;s Koa[k; ,e;j tptfhuk; gpwF RKfkhFk;.
- _kj; ghftjk; 1. 16 25 – Qtha; $dthp/ 21/ 1974
Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU tUlj;jpw;fhtJ/ FUthplkpUe;J nfl;f ntz;Lk;.
Mjyhy; xU FUit Vw;Wf;bfhs;Sk; Kd;/ bra;Kiw ahbjdpy; Fiwe;jgl;rk;

xU tUlj;jpw;fhtJ mthplkpUe;J nfl;f ntz;Lk;. ",';nf vdf;F fw;gpf;Fk;
cz;ikahd xU FU" vd;W ek;gpf;if bfhs;Sk; nghJ/ eP';fs; mtiu FUthf
Vw;Wf;bfhs;S';fs;. #z rpj;jj;jpy; Vw;Wf;bfhs;shjPh;fs;.
xUth; jd;Dila Md;kPf FUit epuhfhpf;Fk;goahd nguhgj;jpid jhnd
jd;nky; bfhz;L tuf;TlhJ.
Md;kPf FUt[k;/ rp#;aUk;/ xUtiu xUth; Vw;Wf; bfhs;tjw;F Kd;/ xUtiu

kw;bwhUth; MH;e;j nrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jpf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd rh!;jpu';fs;
ghpe;Jiuf;fpd;wd. Vbdd;why; rhjhuz tPl;Lg;bghUl;fs; Tl nrhjpj;Jg; ghh;j;j
gpwnf ifafg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. caph;thHpfspd; kpf rpwe;j ez;guhd/
cz;ikahd Md;kPf FUit njh;e;bjLg;gjpy;/ xU Jujp#;arhypahd Kl;lhs;
kl;Lnk nrhjidf] fhyj]jpw]Fj] jd]id cl]gLj]jpf] bfhs]tjpy] njhy]tpa[Wthd].
Fwpg;g[ vd;dbtd;dwhy;
why; xUtd; tpntfKs;s tdhf ,Ue;jhy;/ mt;thwhd
R{H;epiyiaj; jtph;f;f Koa[k;.
- Qhpehk rpe;jhkzp 6
33
xUth; xU Md;kPf FUit r\f kug[fspd; mog;gilapy; Vw;ff;TlhJ
xU jPtpukhd egh;/ rh!;jpu epak';fspd; mog;gilapy; m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l xU
Md;kPf FUit Vw;f ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Kf;fpak;. guk;giu/ r\f kw;Wk; rig
kug[fspd; mog;gilapy; xU Md;kPf FUit Vw;ff;TlhJ vd _ $Ptnfh!;thkp
mwpt[Wj;Jfpwhh;. Md;kPf mwptpy; cz;ikahd Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;F xUth;
nghypay;yhj/ jFjp tha;e;j Md;kPf FUitf; fz;L bfhs;s Kaw;rp bra;a
ntz;Lk;.
- irjd;a rhpjhkpUjh/ mjp 1.35
c';fspd; brhe;j g[j;jpia cgnahfpjJ/ rhpahfj; njh;e;bjL.

xU Fwpg;gpl;l gf;jiu/ Md;kPf FUthf/ khzth;fs; j';fsJ brhe;j g[j;jpia
cgnahfpj;J rhpahfj; njh;e;bjLg;gJ jPf;i# vLf;Fk; gf;jh;fspd; jdpg;gl;l
bghWg;g[.
xU Md;kPf FUtplj;jpy; kw;Wk; j';fis flt[spd; jpUehl;ow;F miHj;Jr;
bry;Yk; mthpd; jpwikapy; cWjpahd Kjph;e;j ek;gpf;ifia tsh;j;j gpwnf/
jPf;i# vLf;f tpiHgth;fs; mthplkpUe;J jPf;i#ia Vw;Wf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;
rhJ rh!;j;jpu kw;Wk; FU ,th;fspd; m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l nkw;nfhs;fis
cgnahfg;gLj;jp/ xU gf;jUila Kd;ndw;wj;jpd; msit fz;L bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;. xU gf;jh; "mjpfhug;g[{h;tkhd mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd]
FU" vd;w Mnkhjpg;igg; bgWtJ/ mth; mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd]
rl;lj;jpy; tpjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Kiwfis btw;wpfukhf g[{h;j;jp
bra;Js;shh;. kw;w \j;j gf;jh;fspd; Kot[fspd;go mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp
,af]fj]jpd] rl;lj;jpy; bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ju';fSf;Fk;/ tHpfhl;LjYf;Fk; Vw;g
jd;id elj;jpf; bfhs;fpwhh; vd;gijf] Fwpf;fpwJ. MapDk; me;j FUtpd;
flt[is czh;e;jwpa[k; msitf; Fwpf;Fk; Tw;whf/ me;j mnkhjpg;ig/ ehkhfnt
vLj;Jf;bfhs;sf;TlhJ. jPf;i# vLf;F k; gf;jh;fspd; g[j;jprhypj;jdkhd
ghFghl;ow;F gjpyhf ,e;j Mnkhjpg;g[ vd;W jpl;lkplg;gltpy;iy.
- ,!;fhd; rl;lk; 7.2. jPf;i# vLf;Fk; eghpd; bghWg;g[
34
ghlk] 6 FUitj] njh]e]bjLj]jy] TLjy] nkw]nfhs]fs]
m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FUtpd] jFjpfs]
j!]khj] FUk] g]ugj]naj $pf]"h!P/ !]nua cj]jkk]
rhg]nj gnu r ep#]zhjk] g]uQ]kzp cgrkh!]uak]
vdnt/ cz]ikahd Mde]jj]ij miltjpy] cWjp bfhz]Ls]std]
cz]ikahd Md]kPf FUit eho/ jPl]ir bgw]W/ mthplk] ruzila ntz]Lk].
cz]ikahd xU FUtpd] jFjpKiw vd]dbtd]why]/ mth] rh!]jpu Kot[fisg]
g{uzkhf czh]e]jpUg]gJld]/ kw]wth]fisa[k] ,e]j Kot[fSf]Ff] bfhz]LtUk]
jpwik cilatuhthh]. vy]yh bgsjpf tp#a']fisa[k] tpl]Ltpl]L guk g[U#iur]
ruzile]Js]s ,j]jifa kfhd]fisj] jFjpa[s]s Md]kPf FUkhh]fshfg] g[hpe]J
bfhs]s ntz]Lk].
- _kj] ghftjk] 11.3.21
FUitj] njh]e]bjLj]jy]
xU cj]jk mjpfhhpia Md]kPf FUthf Vw]Wf] bfhs]tjpy] xU rp#]ah]
ftdKld] ,Uf]f ntz]Lk].
"ehd] fpU#]zhpd] epj]a nrtfd]" vd czUk]bghGJ fpU#]zhpd]
nritiaj]jtpu kw]witfspy] xUtUf]F Mh]tk] FiwfpwJ. fpU#]ziuna
epidj]Jf] bfhz]L/ fpU#]zhpd] g[dpj ehk']fisg] gug]g bray] Kiwfis
tFj]Jf]bfhz]L/ fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]ijg] gw]wp cyfk] KGJk] gpurhuk]
bra]tnj jdJ flik vd]W mth] vz]zpapUg]ghh]. ,j]jifatiu
cj]jkmjpfhhpahf Vw]Wf]bfhz]L MWtifahd bray]Kiwfspd] go mtuJ
bjhlh]g[k] r']fKk] cldoahf Vw]fg]gl ntz]Lk]. (jjhjp g]ujpf] UQ]ehjp)
cz]ikapy] kpft[k] Kd]ndwpatuhd it#]zt gf]jiu Md]kPf (cj]jk
mjpfhhp) FUthf Vw]Wf]bfhs]s ntz]Lk]. jd]dplk] cs]s midj]ija[k] Md]kPf
FUtpw]F mspf]f ntz]Lk] vd]W Twg]gl]oUg]gjhy] xUtdJ cilikfs]
mtUf]F mspf]fg]gl ntz]Lk].
tpGg]gl]l Mj]khf]fis itztj]jpw]F khw]Wk] jpwidf]bfhz]L cj]jk
mjpfhhpahd it#]ztiuf] fz]L bfhs]syhk] vd]W _y gf]jptpndhj jhFuh]
Fwpg]g[j] jUfpwhh]…… _y +g nfh!]thkp ,g]gjj]jpy] fdp#]j mjpfhhp/ kj]ak
mjpfhhp kw]Wk] cj]jk mjpfhhp Mfpath]fspilna cs]s ntWghil mwpa[khW
gf]jUf]F mwpt[iu jUfpwhh]…..cj]jk mjpfhhpapd] epiyia miltjw]F Kd]
xUth] Md]kPf FUthff] TlhJ. Kjdpiy it#]ztnuh ,ilepiy
it#]ztnuh mnj epiyapy] cs]sth]fis/ rPlh]fshf Vw]Wf] bfhs]syhk].
Mdhy] mj]jifa rPl]l h]fs] mtuJ Fiwa[s]s tHpelj]Jifahy] thH]tpd]
Kothd Fwpf]nfhis miltjpy] Kd]ndw KoahJ. vdnt xU rPld] Md]kPf
FUthf Xh] cj]jk mjpfhhpia Vw]Wf]bfhs]tjpy] ftdKld] ,Uf]f ntz]Lk].
- cgnjrhkpUjk]/ gjk] 5/ bghUSiu
c']fSf]F/ FU vd]gjw]F bghpa tiuaiw njitapy]iy

c']fSf]F/ FU vd]gjw]fhd bghpa tiuaiw njitapy]iy. Mjyhy] ntj
mwpt[ tH']Fk] Fwpg]g[ vd]dbtd]why]/ 'jj]-tp"]d hdhh]jk]' Md]kPf thH]tpd]
tp";"hdj]ij eP';fs] mwpe]J bfhs]s tpUk]gpdhy] 'jj]-tp"]dhdhh]jk] r FUk] Vt
mgpfr]nrj] (K.c.1.2.12)/ eP']fs] FUit mqfntz]Lk]. kw]Wk] FU ahh]> FU
vd]why] flt[spd] ek]gfkhd nrtfh] vd]W bghUs].
- _ kj] ghftjk]/ 6.1.26-27/ gpybly]gpah/ $Piy 12/ 1975
35
ghlk; 7 jPf;i# cWjpbkhHpfs;
ghlj; jiyg;g[fs;
jPf;i# cWjpbkhHpfisf; fz;og;g[ld; gpd;gw;Wjy;

jPf;i# cWjpbkhHpfisg; gpd;gw;Wtjpy; vjph;bfhz;l rthy;fs;
rthy;fSf;fhd jPh;t[fs;
jpUj;jpf; bfhs;tjw;fhd tHpKiwfs;
khkprk; cz;zhky; ,Uj;jy; jia
nghij bghUl;fisj; jtph;j;jy; jtk;
jfhj cly] cwt[ bfhs]shky] J}a;ik

,Uj]jy]
R{jhLjy; jtph;j;jy; cz;ik
- _kj; ghftjk; 1.7 24
jPf;i# cWjpbkhHpfisg; gpd;gw;Wtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;

vd;dhy; c';fSf;Fg; ghJfhg;g[ mspf;f KoahJ mJ Koahj xd;W
ehd;F fl;Lg;ghl;L tpjpfisg; gpd;gw;Wjy; vd;gJ kpft[k; fodkhdJ ,y;iy.
eP';fs; jPtpukhf tpisahl;ly;yhky; tpUk;gpdhy;/ ,e;j tp#a';fs; epWj;jg;gl
ntz;Lk;. ,y;iybadpy; nfypf;Tj;J. vd;d tpUk;g[fpwhnah mij bra;. vd;dhy;
c';fSf;Fg; ghJfhg;g[ mspf;f KoahJ. mJ Koahj xd;W. Mjyhy;/ eP';fs;
jPtpukhf cs;sPh;fs; vdpy;/ ,e;j tpjpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;. gpwF jPf;i#
vL';fs;. kw;wgo nfypf;Tj;J bra;ahjPh;fs;. nfypf;Tj;J bra;ahjPh;fs;. ,J
vd;Dila tpz;zg;gk;.
- _kj; ghftjk; 1.16 35 – Qtha;/ $dthp/ 28/ 1974
36
kw;wgo/ mth;fs; vd;Dila rp#;ah;fs; my;y
vd;Dila mwpt[iu vd;dbtd;why; vg;bghGJk; Fiwe;jgl;rk; gjpdhW Rw;Wfs;
$gpj;J/ ehd;F fl;Lg;ghl;L tpjpfisg; gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk; vd;gnj. vd;Dila
midj;J rp#;ath;fSk; ,e;jf; fUj;ij fz;og;ghf xj;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk.;
,y;iybadpy; mth;fs; vd;Dila rp#;ah;fs; ,y;iy…… eufj;jpy; thH;e;jhYk;/
Rth;fj;jpy; thH;e;jhYk;/ vdJ rp#;ah;fs; ,jid gpd;gw;wpna Mf ntz;Lk;.
- uh$yl;Rkpf;F vGjpa fojk]/ khahg{h; 17/ gpg;uthp/ 1976
jPf;i# cWjpbkhHpfisf; fz;og;ghf gpd;gw;Wtjpy; vjph;f;bfhs;Sk;

rthy;fSf;fhd rpy cgnahfKs;s jPh;t[fis/ fPnH cs;s fl;olj;jpy; vGJf.
jg!;ah vd;gJ fpU#;z czh;tpy; eP';fs; btF tpiuthd Kd;ndw;wk;

miltjw;F c';fis tw;g[Wj;jy;.
eP';fs; ,d;Dk; c';fs; Md;kPf FUtpw;F bfhLj;j cWjpbkhHpia epiwntw;w
Koatpy;iy vdpy; j';fis gf;jh; vd;Wk; rp#;ah; vd;Wk; Twpf;bfhs;tjpy; vd;d
gad;> mJ btWk; ghrh';F. Mjhyhy; eP';fs; ,t;thW epidf;f ntz;Lk;. "ehd;
vdJ Md;kPf FUtplk; ,t;thwhf cWjp mspj;jpUf;fpnwd;. ,g;bghGJ ve;j
tpjptpyf;Fk; md;wp/ ehd; mtUf;Ff; fPH;goa ntz;Lk;. ,y;iybadpy;/ ehd;
vd;id mtuJ rp#;ah; vdr; brhy;ypf;bfhs;tjpy; ve;j tp#aKk; ,y;iy ". ,J
fpU#;z czh;itg; g[hpe;J bfhs;tjpy; btF tpiuthd Kd;ndw;wk; miltjw;F
j';fis tw;g[Wj;Jk; xU jtk; my;yJ jg!;ah MFk;. jtk;/ jg!;ah
,y;iybadpy; Kd;ndw;wk; miljy; ,y;iy. Mjyhy; $l ,aw;if ,d;Dk;
c';;fSf;F fth;r;rpaspf;ff;Toajha;/ c';fshy; ,j;jifa jpahf';fisr; bra;a
,ayhJ vdpy;/ eP';fs; ,e;j KG tp#aj;ija[k; iftpl;L/ c']fs] tpUg;gk; nghy;
bray;glyhk;. Mdhy; eP']fs] c';fis fpU#;z gf;jh; vd;W brhy;ypf;bfhs;s
tpUk;gpdhy;/ me;j epiyapy; fpU#;zUf;Fr; nrit bra;a tpUk;gpdhy; ve;j
tpjptpyf;FfSk; ,d;wp/ midj;J R{H;epiyfspYk; ,e;j ehd;F mog;gilahd
tp#a';fis tpyf;f ntz;Lk;. epr;rak; xU Kiw/ ,U Kiw/ fpU#;z h;
kd;dpf;fyhk;. mJ fodkpy;iy. Mdhy;/ mjw;F nkYk; vd;why; fpU#;z h;
j';fis kd;dpg;gJ btF fodk;. j';fspd; Kaw;rpfs; neuk;/ ,tw;iw
brytpl;lnghJk; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; ,Hf;ff;Toa bghpa Mgj;J cs;sJ.
- r';fh;#zhtpw;F vGjpa fojk; Kk;ig 31.ork;gh; 1972.
37
kPWjy; vd;gJ Md;kPf FUtplk; cs;s cwit Jz;oj;J f; bfhs;tJ.
"jdJ midj;J rp#;ah;fSk; Md;kPf cyfj;ijr; brd;wila[k; tiu/ Md;kPf

FU ,e;j $l mz;lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;gJ cz;ikah" vd eP nfl;oUf;fpwha;.
'Mk;' vd;gnj tpil. mJjhd; epajp. Mjyhy; xt;bthU rp#;aUk; ve;jbthU
mguhjKk; bra;ahky;/ kpFe;j ftdj;Jld; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. Vbdd;why;/ ,J
Md;kPf uh$;aj;jpw;F bry;Yk; cah;t[f;F rPuHpthFk;. me;j rp#;aiu tpLtpf;Fk;
bghUl;L Md;kPf FU kPz;Lk; njhd;w ntz;Lk; . ,e;j tifahd kndh ghtk;/
Md;kPf FUtpw;F bra;a[k; mguhjk;. Md;kPf FUtpd; fl;lisfSf;Ff;
fPH;goahky; ,Uj;jy; vd;gJ gj;Jtpj Fw;w';fspy; Kjy; Fw;wk; MFk;.
jPf;i#apd; nghJ Md;kPf FUthy; rp#;aUf;Ff; bfhLf;fg;gl;l fl;lisfs;
fz;og;ghf gpd;gw;wg;gl ntz;Lk;. mJ xUtiu mtuJ Md;kPfg; ghijapy;
Kd;ndwr; bra;a[k;. Mdhy; xUth; ntz;Lbkd;nw mj;jifa fl;lisfis
kPwpdhy;/ gpwF mtuJ Kd;ndw;wk; bjhlf;fj;jpypUe;nj jLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW
kPWjy; vd;gJ Md;kPf FUt[ldhd cwit Jz;oj;Jf; bfhs;Sjy; vd;W
mh;j;jk;. ahbuhUth; fl;lisfis kPwp/ ,t;thwhf Md;kPf FUt[ldhd cwit
Jz;oj;Jf; bfhs;fpwhnuh/ b$d;k b$d;kkhf Md;kPf FUtpd; cjtp vjph;g;ghh;f;f
KoahJ ,J nghJkhd mstpw;F/ cd;Dila nfs;tpf;F j] bjspt[gLj;Jk; vd
ek;g[fpnwd;.
- b$agjhfhtpw;F vGjpa fojk;/ yh!; V";ry;!;/ 11 $^iy/ 1969.
TLjy; nkw;nfhs;fs] ghlk; : 7. jPf;i# cWjpbkhHpfs;
ehd; mjd;nky; jz;z Ph; Cw;wpdhy;/ beUg;g[{l;Ljy; fodkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

epr;rakhf ,e;j Qhp ehk b$gk;/ c';fisj; J}a;ikahf;Fk;. kpft[k; ed;W.
Mdhy; ,e;j mf;dpiag; nghy/ ehd; ,g;nghJ beUg;g[{l;lg;nghfpnwd;. ,J fha;e;j
tpwF. ehd; ,e;j tpwif fha;e;j epiyapy; itg;gjhy; jP ed;whf xsptPrp vhpa[k;.
Mdhy;/ ehd; mjd;nky; jz;zPiu Cw;wpdhy;/ gpwF beUg;g[{l;LtJ fodk;.
mJnghy fpU#;z czh;t[ vd;w beUg;g[/ c';fisj; bjhlh;e;J Kd;ndwr;
bra;a[k;. Mdhy; mnj rkak;/ ehKk;/ jhdhf Kd; te;J/ me;j beUg;gpd;kPJ
jz;zP;h; Cw;wtpy;iy vd;why; ed;W. mnjnghy fpU#;z czh;t[ my;yJ/
fpU#;z $gk; eP';fs; Kd;ndwr; bra;a[k;. mnj rkak;/ jhdhf Kd; te;J eP';fs;
,e;j mgj;jkhd bray;fisr; bra;atpy;iy. vdpy; kpft[k; ed;W. eP';fs; ,e;j
ePUw;Wtij bjhlh;e;J bra;jhy;/ gpwF…………. vt;thW xU kdpjd; kUe;J
cl;bfhz;L/ mnj rkak; midj;J mgj;j';;fisr; bra;jhy; gpwF mtd; neha;
FzkilahJ my;yJ kpf/ kpf ePz;l fhykhFk;. Mifahy; ehk;
bghWg;gpy;yhjth;fshf ,Uf;ff;TlhJ. Vbdd;why;/ thH;f;if kpft[k; FWfpa
fhyj;jpw;nf.
- 'jPf;i#' tFg;g[/ rhd; gpuhd;rp!;nfh 10/ khh;r; 1968

,e]j xU epge]jidapd]go vy]yhtifahd ghtpfisa[k] gfthd] irjd]ah] Vw]Wf]
bfhs]fpwhh].
gfthd] mtuJ Rjh]jd rf]fuj]ij tutiHf]Fk] nghJ/ mt]tpU rnfhjuh]fisa[k]
kd]dpj]JtpLk]go epj]ahde]j gpug[ gfthdplk] kd]whodhh]. mr]rkaj]jpy] ,U
rnfhjuh]fSk] gfthdpd] ghj']fspy] tpGe]J j']fis kd]dpj]JtpLk]go
ntz]odhh]. kdk] jpUe]jpa ,e]j Mj]khf]fis Vw]Wf]bfhs]Sk]go epj]ahde]j
gpug[t[k] gfthdplk] ntz]odhh]. Mdhy] mth]fs] vy]yh ghtr] bray]fisa[k]
38
tpl]blhHpf]f ntz]Lk] vd]W gfthd] epge]jid tpjpj]jhh]. mr]rnfhjuh]fSk]
mjw]Fr] rk]kjpj]J/ j']fSila ghtr] bray]fisf] iftpLtjhf thf]fspj]jdh].
fUiza[s]s gfthDk] mth]fis Vw]Wf]bfhz]lJld]/ mth]fsJ fle]jfhy
ghtr] bray]fis kPz]Lk] Rl]of]fhl]lhky] ,Ue]jhh].
,Jnt gfthd] irjd]ahpd] jdpg]bgU'] fUizahFk]. ,f]fypa[fj]jpy]
ahUk] jd]id ghtj]jpypUe]J tpLgl]oUg]gjhff] Twpf]bfhs]s KoahJ. Mdhy]/
jFjpa[s]s Md]kPf FUthy] jPl]ir mspf]fg]gl]l gpwF/ ve]j ghtr] braypYk]
<LgLtjpy]iy vd]W mth]fs] thf]fspf]f ntz]Lk]. ,e]j xU epge]jidapd]go
vy]yhtifahd ghtpfisa[k] gfthd] irjd]ah] Vw]Wf] bfhs]fpwhh]. fypa[f kf]fs]
midtUk] $fha]/ kjhapd] Fz']fis bfhz]Ls]sdh]. ght tpist[fspy]
,Ue]J tpLgl tpUk]gpdhy]/ ,th]fs] _ irjd]a kQhgput[tplk] g[fyplk] bfhs]s
ntz]Lk]. nkYk] Md]kPf jPl]ir bgw]w gpwF/ rh!]jpu']fshy] jil
tpjpf]fg]gl]Ls]s tpra']fspy] ,Ue]J tpyfp ,Uf]f ntz]Lk].
- Kd]Diu/ _kj] ghftjk]
gf]jdpd] ,jaj]jpy] J}a]ikg]gLj]Jk] Kiw Vw]fdnt cs]sJ.
ntj']fspd]go/ xUtd] jdJ cah]epiyapypUe]J tPH]r]rpaile]jhy]/ mtd]

jd]idj] J}a]ikg]gLj]jpf] bfhs]s gw]gy rl']F fisr] bra]jhf ntz]Lk].
Mdhy]/ ,']nf mj]jF fl]Lg]ghL ,y]iy. Vbddpy]/ g[Un#hj]jkuhd KGKjw]
flt[is epidg]gjd] fhuzj]jhy]/ gf]jdpd] ,jaj]jpy] J}a]ikg]gLj]Jk] Kiw
Vw]fdnt cs]sJ. vdnt/ Qnu Qnu / Qnu uhk/ Qnu uhk/ uhk uhk/ Qnu Qnu
vd]Dk] $gk] epWj]jhky] bjhlug]gl ntz]Lk].
- gftj]fPij 9.31
gpd; jh';fs; xU gz;g[s;s kdpjh; Tl ,y;iy. gf;jh; vd;gJ Fwpj;J vd;d brhy;y>
Q;hpjahde;jh : (bkhHpbgah;j;jy; bra;fpwhh;)
FUt[f;F f; fPH;goahkypUg;gJ kpf cah;e;j mguhjkh vd mth; bjhpe;J bfhs;s

tpUk;g[fpwhh;.
gpug[ghjh : Mkhk;. mJ Kjy; mguhjk; "Fnuhh; mt$;dh"/ !;Ujp – rh!;j;u

epe;jdk;. "!;Ujp rh!;j;u epe;jdk; Fnuhh; mt$;dh" eP';fs; FUit Vw;Wf;bfhz;L/
kPz;Lk; mtUf;Ff; fPH;goahkypUg;gJ vd;why; c';fspd; epiy vd;d> eP';fs; xU
gz;g[s;s kdpjh; ,y;iy. FUtpd; Kd;ghf/ fpU#;z hpd; Kd;ghf/ mf;dpapd;
Kd;ghf eP';fs; cWjpbkhHp vLf;fpwPh;fs;. "ehd; c';fs; fl;lisf;F
fPH;g;gofpnwd;"/ ehd; ,ij epiwntw;Wntd; vd;W gpwF eP';fs; mijr;
bra;atpy;iy. eP';fs; xU gz;gl;l kdpjh; Tl ,y;iy. gf;jh; vd;gJ Fwpj;J vd;d
brhy;y> ,J bghJ mwpt[.
- gftj; fPjh 2.11. bkf;!pnfh gpg;uthp 11.1975
39
ghlk; - 8 FUg{i$
ghlj; jiyg;g[fs;
8.1 _y gpug[ghjhit Kiwahf tHpgLjy;

8.2 FUg{i$apd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
8.3 mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; FUf;fis Kiwahf
tHpgLjy;
FUg{i$apd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
!hf;!hj; jhpj;ntd rk!;j rh!;j;iuh;
a[f;j!; jjh ght;aj Vt !j;gp
KGKjw; flt[Sf;F epfuhf Md;kPf FUit kjpf;f ntz;Lk; Vbddpy;
mth; fpU#;zhpd; kpft[k; ek;gfkhd nrtfh; Mthh;.
- __ FUt#;lfk;/ gjk; 7
Muhjdhdhk; !h;ntrhk; tp#;nzhh; Muhjdk; guk;
j!;khj; gujuk; njtp jjpahdhk; rkh;rdk;
; faplk; TwpaJ : “vd; md;gpw;Fhpa njtp/ ntj';fs;

rptbgUkhd; njtp Jh;fi
njth;fspd; tHpghl;il ghpe;Jiuj;jhYk/; tp#;q tHpghnl kpfr; rpwe;jJ.
vt;tifnaDk/; gfthd; tp#;qt[ld; bjhlh;g[ila it#;zth;fSf;Fr; bra;a[k;
nrit tp#;q tHpghl;iltpl nkyhdJ”.
- gj;kg[uhzj;jpypUe;J/ irjd;a rhpjhkpUjk; kj;jpa yPi y11.31
na nk gf;j-$dh ghh;j;j e nk gf;jh!; r nj $dh
kj;-gf;jhdhk; r na gf;jh!; nj nk gf;j-jkh kjh
fpU#;zh; mh;$%dhplk; TwpaJ: “ vd;dplk; nehpilahf gf;jp brYj;Jk; gf;jh;fs;
cz;ikapy; vd;Dila gf;jh;fs; my;y. Mdhy; vd;Dila nrtfhpd; gf;jh;fs;
cz;ikapnyna vd;Dila gf;jh;fs;”;.
- Mjp g[uhzk;/ irjd;a rhpjhkpUjk; kj;jpa yPiy11.28
FUg{i$ vd;gJ jd;idj;jhnd cah;j;jpf; bfhs;tjhfhJ mJnt cz;ikahd

fy;tp
ehk; bra;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; ,e;j FUg{i$ jd;idj;jhnd cah;j;jpf;
bfhs;tjhfhJ. mJ cz;ikahd fy;tp. eP';fs; jpdKk; ghLfpwPh;fs;. mJ vd;d ?
“FU Kf gj;k thf;a Mh;dh nfhhpn`h knd Mrh”. ehd; btspg;gilahfr;
brhy;fpnwd;. ,e;j fpU#;z czh;t[ ,af;fj;jpy; cs;s rpwpa btw;wp ahjhapDk;/
vdJ FU kfhuh$hthy; Twg;gl;lij ehd; ek;gpajhy; fpilj;jjhFk;. eP';fSk;
mijj; bjhlU';fs;. gpwF vy;yh btw;wpfSk; tUk;
- tUif ngr;R – epa{ahh;f; $Piy 1976.
40
tHf;fkhd FUg{i$apd; rpy ed;ikfis gl;oaypLf.
8.3 gpuzhk ke;jpu';fs;
gpug[ghjhtpd; ngu rp#;ah;fSk;/ vjph;fhy re;jjpapdUk;/ j';fSila jPl;ir

FUtpd; gpuzhk ke;jpuj;ij $gpj;j gpwF !;jhgf Mr;rhh;ahUf;F khpahij
brYj;Jk; tpjkhf/ j';fSila tzf;f';fis rkh;g;gpf;Fk;nghJ Fiwe;j gl;rk;
_ygpug[ghjhtpd; gpuzhk ke;jpuj;jpd; Kjy; gFjpia $gpf;f ntz;Lk;.
- mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rl;lk; 7.2.1
Muj;jp bra;jy;
j';fSila jPl;ir FU/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd ;

m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l FUthf/ ey;y epiyapy; cs;s gl;rj;jpy;/; xU g{$hhp jd;Dila
jPl;ir FUtpd; rpwpa glj;ij fUtiwapy; itf;fhJ/ Muj;jp jl;onyh my;yJ
nki$apnyh/ nfhtpypy; Muj;jp bra;a[k; nghnjh my;yJ nfhtpy; rk;ge;jkhd
tpHhf;fspd; nghnjh itj;Jf;bfhs;syhk;. mg;go itf;fg;gLk; glkhdJ
fUtiwapYs;s _ygpug[ghjhtpd glj;ijtpl rpwpajhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. nkYk;
Muj;jpf;F gpwF mg;glj;ij mfw;wptpl ntz;Lk;.
- mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rl;lk;/ 6.4.8
FU g{i$ (jw;nghija mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd;; jPl;ir

FUf;fSf;fhf)
_ygpug[ghjh my;yhj kw;w ,!;fhd; FUf;fspd; rp#;ah;fs; j';fSila
FUf;fSf;fhd FUg{i$ia nfhtpy; miwapd; btspna bra;J bfhs;syhk;.
,e;j rp#;ah;fspd; tHpghl;ow;fhd trjpfis nfhtpy; bra;J bfhLf;f ntz;Lk;.
- mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rl;lk; 6.4.8.1.1
jil bra;ag;gl;l gl;l';fs;

mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy; cs;s ahiua[k; btspg;gilahf
“bja;tj;jpU” vd;w khpahijf;F hpa bgauhy; Fwpg;gplf;TlhJ. nkYk; “ghjh”
my;yJ “njth” vd;W Koa[k; khpahijf;Fhpa bgah;fshy; jdpikapnyh/
btspg;gilahfnth Fwpg;gplf;TlhJ. rp#;ah;fs; j';fSila jPl;ir kw;Wk; rpf;#h
FUf;fis “FUnjth” my;yJ “FUkfhuh$h” vd;W miHj;Jf;bfhs;s yhk;.
41
it#;zth;fis tuntw;gJ
FUf;fshf nrit bra;nthh; cl;gl mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd;
nfhtpy;fSf;F tUif jUk; it#;zth;fis tuntw;Fk; epfH;r;rpfs; kpjkhf
,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf xU Mrdj;ij mspg;gJ/ gpurhjj;ij mspg;gJ/
mUe;j VjhtJ mspg;gJ/ khiyapLtJ kw;Wk; fPh;j;jdk; bra;tJ.
- mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rl;lk;/ 6.4.8.2
tpahr g{i$
tpahr g{i$apy; fye;J bfhs;tJ gw;wpa j';fSila vz;z';fis vGJf
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; jw;nghija jPl;ir kw;Wk; rpf;#h

FUf;fspd; tpahr g{i$
_ygpug[ghjhita[k/; xt;bthU gf;jUf;Fk; mthplk; cs;s rpwg;g[
cwt[Kiwiaa[k; ikag;gLj;Jk; tifapy; Xh; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp
,af;fj;jpd; rpf;#h my;yJ jPl;ir FU xU bghJtplj;jpy; FU g{i$ia
Vw;Wf;bfhs;syhk;. (Muj;jp kw;Wk; / my;yJ ghjg{i$) ,J tUlj;jpw;F xU Kiw
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpw;F brhe;jkhd ,l';fspy; mtUila tpahr
g{i$ md;W elj;jg;glyhk;. ,e;j g{i$ nfhtpy; miwapDs; mD#;of;fg;glyhk;.
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; FUf;fSf;F tpahr g{i$ tpHhf;fis
elj;Jk; m';fj;jpdh;fs;/ Fwpg;ghf _ygpug[ghjhtpd; tpahr g{i$iag; nghy
tphpthf ,y;yhky; mtw;iw kpjkhf bra;a ntzLk;. bghJthf tpahr g{i$
bfhz;lhl;l';fis gf;jh;fs; j';fSila miktpl';fspy; mD#;of;f ntz;Lk;.
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy; tpahr g{i$ g[j;jf';fis
_ygpug[ghjhtpw;fhf kl;Lnk btspaplyhk;.
- mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rl;lk; 6.4.8.1
_ygpug[ghjhtpd; tpahr g{i$ kw;Wk; jpnuhght jpjp

mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; m';fj;jpdh;fs; _ygpug[ghjhtpd;
tpahr g{i$(& jpnuhght) bfhz;lhl;l';fis mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp
,af;fj;jpd; xg;g[ah;tw;w tpahr g{i$ahf(& jpnuhght) bfhz;lhl ntz;Lk;.
midj;J mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; m';fj;jpdh;fSk;
_ygpug[ghjhtpw;F tUlhe;jpu tpahr g{i$ rkh;g;gzj;ij vGJkhW nfl;Lf;
bfhs;sg;gLfpwhh;fs;.
42
TLjy; nkw;nfhs;fs;
Md;kPf FUtpd; cUtg;glj;jpw;fhd khpahij
vdf;Fk; vd;Dila glj;jpw;Fk; ntWghL ,y;iy. Mjyhy; ,e;j kdepiya[ld;

ehk; gl';fis itj;J khpahij brYj;j ntz;Lk;. ehk; m';nf/ ,';nf vd;W
gl';fis vwptJ Fw;wk;. ehkKk; glKk; Md;kPf cyfj;jpy; cs;s egUf;Fr;
rkk;.
- $hJ uhzpf;F vGjpa fojk; - g[J tpUe;jhtdk; brg;lk;gh; 4 1972
Md;kPf FU njhd;wpa jpdj;ij tpahr g{i$ahf mD#;og;gJ

gGj;j gHk; rPlg; guk;giuapd; Kykhf bgwg;gLfpwJ. ahbuhUth; _y tpahr
njthpd; rPlg; guk;giuapy; ,ijr; bra;fpwhnuh/ mth; tpahr njthpd; gpujpepjpahff;
fUjg;gLfpwhh;. mj;jifa m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Md;kPf FUtpd; njhd;wpa jpdk;
tpahr g{i$ahf mD#;of;fg;gLfpwJ. mJkl;Lky;y / Md;kPf FU mkUk;
nkd;ikahd Mrdk; tpahrhrdk; vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
- gypkh;j;jdhtpw;F vGjpa fojk; - nlhf;fpnah Mf!;l; 25 1970
ghprspf;fg;gl;l bghUl;fisnah eiffisnah bjhlKoahj it!;uha;

Mjyhy; ,e;j tpahr g{i$ vd;gJ/ tUlj;jpy; xU ehs;/ Md;kPf FU njhd;wpa
jpdj;jd;W/ mtUf;F khpahij mspg;gjhFk;. Vbddpy;/ mth; tpahrnjthpd;
gpujpepjp/ rPlg; guk;giuapy; tUk; "hdj;ij ve;j khw;wKk; ,d;wp mg;gona
tH';Ffpwhh;. ,J tpahr g{i$ vdg;gLk;. Md;kPf FU jdf;F mspf;fg;gLk;
midj;J khpahijiaa[k/; ghpRfisa[k; KGKjw;flt[spd; rhh;ghf bgw;Wf;
bfhs;fpwhh/; mtUf;fhf my;y. ekJ ehl;oy; ,';fpyhe;J Ml;rp ele;j nghJ
murhpd; gpujpepjpahf xU it!;uha; ,Ug;ghh;. ,ay;ghfnt/ it!;uha; ve;j
epfH;r;rpf;Fr; brd;whYk; gyh; kjpg;g[kpf;f eiffs; kw;Wk; bghUl;fis/ mtiu
bfsutpg;gjw;fhf mspj;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; rl;lg;go vija[k; it!;uha; vLj;Jf;
bfhs;sf;TlhJ. mJ muR f$hdhtpw;F brd;WtpLk;. murhpd; rhh;gpy; vy;yhg;
ghpRfisa[k; Vw;Wf; bfhs;s Koa[k;. mJ nghynt tpahr g{i$ jpdj;jd;W
Md;kPf FUtpw;Fr; rkh;g;gpf;fg;gLk; khpahijia/ ghpRg; bghUl;fs;/ czh;t[fs;
ahjhapDk; ehk; "hdj;ij nkypUe;J bgw;Wf; bfhz;lijg; nghy ,e;j khpahij
fPHpypUe;J nkyhf brYj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,Jnt tHpKiw. Md;kPf FU/ jd;Dila
khztUf;F fw;gpg;gth; / flt[S f;F chpa khpahij kw;Wk; g';fspg;ig vt;thW
jpUg;gpr; brYj;j ntz;Lk; vd;gij fw;Wf; bfhLf;f ntz;Lk;. ,J tpahr
g{i$ahFk;.
- _tpahr g{$h – g[J tpUe;jhtdk; brg; 2 1972
_ tpahr g{i$apd; ufrpak;

_ tpahr g{i$apd; ufrpak; ,';nf cs;s J. ehk; KGKjw; flt[spd; jpt;akhd
yPiyfis jpahdpf;Fk; bghGJ ehk; mtUila epj;jpa nrtfh;fs; vd;W
bgUkpjk; bfhs;fpnwhk;. ctif bfhz;L Mde;jj;jpy; eldk; MLfpnwhk;.
vd;Dila bja;tPfkhd v$khdUf;nf vy;yhg; g[fGk.; Vbdd;why; jd;Dila
jilapy;yhj fUizahy;/ ekf;Fs; epj;jpa thH;tpw;fhd J}z;Ljiy
Vw;gLj;jpath; mtnu. mtUila jhkiu ghj';fspy; gzpnthkhf.
- _ygpug[ghjh tpahr g{i $/ gf;jp rpj;jhe;j jhTUf;F m";ryp/ gk;g ha; gpg; 1935
43
ghlk; - 9 FU nrit
ghlj; jiyg;g[fs;
9.1 rp#;ahpd; jFjpfs;

9.2 FU nrit kw;Wk; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpf;Fhpa nrit
“nritah”
eP';fs; vijahtJ th';fpdhy; mjw;F hpa kjpg;ig eP';fs; brYj;j
ntz;Lk;/ mJ nghy. mjdhy; mJ nritah vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Md;kPf
FUthy; fw;gpf;fg;gl;ljw;fhd tpiyia c'fshy; jpUg;gp mspf;f ,ayhJ. mJ
,ayhjJ. mjdhy; mJ nritah vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. c';fSila
thH;it mtUila nritf;fhf mh;g;gzk; bra;a[';fs;. eP';fs; jpUg;gp brYj;j
KoahJ. eP';fs; Md;kPf FUtpw;F brYj;j ntW vij itj;jpUf;fpwPh;fs; ?
- _kj; ghftjk;/ 2.3.25/ yh!; V";ry;;!;/ $Pd; 23/ 1972
FU nrit kw;Wk; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpw;fhd

d nrit
Md;kPf FUtpw;F ehk; nrit bra;a[k; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd;;
tHpfs; Fwpf;nfhSf;fhf nrit bra;a[k;
tHpfs;
44
Md;kPf FUt[f;Fk; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; Fwpf;nfhSf;Fk;
rPuhd Kiwapy; nrit bra;tjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij gw;wpa fUj;ij vGjt[k.;
flikfis rPuhd Kiwapy; vjph;bfhs;Sjy;
j';fSila thH;tpy; cs;s flikfis/ (FUtpw;fhd flikfisj; jtpu)

rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gplt[k;.
Md;kPf FUt[f;Fk; kw;wth;fSf;Fkhd flikfis rPuhf epiwntw;Wtjpy; cs;s

rthy;fis re;jpf;Fk; tHpKiwfis ghpe;Jiuf;ft[k;.
45
Mizia epiwntw;Wtjpy; rp#;ahpd; flik … _irj;jd;ahpd; bra;jpia
cyfk; KGtJk; gug;g[jy;.
g;hpjptPnj Mr;nr ajh efuhjp fpuhk

rh;tj;u gpurhu iQng bkhu ehk
- _ irj;jd;a ghftjk; me;jpa fhz;lk; 4.126
cyfj;jpYs;s xt;bthU fpuhkj;jpYk;/ efuj;jpYk; _ irj;jd;ahpd; gf;jh;fs;

fpU#;z czh;tpid gpur;rhuk; bra;a ntz;Lk;. mJ mtiu jpUg;jp milar;
bra;a[k;. xUtd; jd;Dila kdk; nghd nghf;fpy; jd;id jpUg;jpgLj;Jtjw;fhf
bray;gl ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy;iy. rPlg; guk;giu tHpahf Miz tUfpwJ. gfthd;
_irj;jd;ahpd; bra;jpia gug;g[k; bghUl;L/ Md;kPf FU rp#;aUf;F Mizfs;
tH';Ffpwhh.; m';fPfhpf;fg;gl;l Md;kPf FUtpd; Mizia epiwntw;WtJ kw;Wk;
gfthd; irj;jd;ahpd; bra;jpia cyfk; KGtJk; gug;g[tJ/ xt;bthU rp#;ahpd;
flikahFk;
- _ irj;jd;a rhpjhkpUjk; bghUSiu/ kj;jpa yPi y 16.65
jj; tpj;jp gpuhdp ghnld ghpg;u!;ndd nritah

cgnjf;!;ae;jp nj "hdk; "hdpd!; jj;t-jh;rpdQ
Md;kPf FUit mqfp cz;ikia mwpa Kaw;rp bra;. mlf;fj;Jld; mthplk;
nfs;tpfs; nfl;L mtUf;F bjhz;L bra;. cz;ikia fz;lth;fshd jd;Dzh;t[
bgw;w Mj;khf;fs; cdf;F "hdj;ij mspf;f Koa[k;.
mJ khjphpahd xU FUit KGikahfr; ruziltjd; Kyk; Vw;Wf; bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;. kw;Wk; xU nrtfidg; nghy bgha; mf';fhuk; ,y;yhky; mtUf;F
nrit bra;a ntz;Lk;. jd;id czh;e;j Md;kPf FUit jpUg;jpgLj;J tnj
Md;kPf thH;tpy; Kd;ndw;wk; mspf;Fk; ufrpak; MFk;.
- gftj]fPij 4.34
ruziljy; ,y;iybad;why; Kd;ndw;wkpy;iy
ekJ ,af;fk; ‘Md;kPf thH;tpd; Muk;gk; vd;why; ruziljy;’ vd;gnj.
ruziljy; ,y;iybad;why; Kd;ndw;wkpy;iy. !h;t-jh;khd; ghpj;a$;a khk; Vfk;
ruzk; t;u$ (g.fP 18.66). ,J Muk;gk;. ,J ,y;iybad;why; Muk;gk; Tl ,y;iy/
Kd;ndw;wj;jijf; Fwpj;J vd;d brhy;y? ,J Vw;fdnt tpthjpf;fg;gl;oUf;fpwJ.
e rpj;jpk; r mthg;ndhjp e Rfk; e guk; fjp. ,J Md;kPf thH;tpd; Muk;gk;. rp#;ah;
vd;why; xGf;fj;ij Vw;Wf; bfhs;gth; vd;W bghUs;. xG';F ,y;i ybad;why;/
rp#;ah; v';nf?
- miw ciuahly; $Piy 1/ 1974/ bky;nghh;d;
Mizia epiwntw;Wtjw;F xUth; fz;og;ghf Kay ntz;Lk;

Md;kPf FUtpd; Mizia kpft[k; jplj;Jld; mg;gona epiwntw;Wtjy; vd;w
bfhs;ifia gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;. btt;ntW rPlh;fSf;F btt;ntW Mizfis
Md;kPf FU tH';F fpwhh;. cjhuzkhf/ $Ptnfh!;thkp/ +gnfh!;thkp kw;Wk;
rdhjd nfh!;thkpia/ gpur;rhuk; bra;a Mizapl;l _irj;jd;ah;/
uFehjjhrnfh!;thkpia Jwt[ epiyapd; tpjpfisa[k; fl;Lg;ghLfisa[k;
fz;og;ghf gpd;gw;WkhW Mizapl;lhh;. MW nfh!;thkpfSk; _irj;jd;ahpd;
Mizfis fz;og;g[ld; gpd;gw;wpdhh;fs;. ,Jnt gf;jpj; bjhz;oy;
46
Kd;ndWtjw;fhd bfhs;if. Md;kPf FUtplkpUe;J Miziag; bgw;w gpwF
mij epiwntw;Wtjw;fhf xUth; fz;og;ghf Kay ntz;Lk;. mJnt btw;wpf;fhd
tHp.
- _ irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ me]j]ah/ 6.313
,t;thwhf gf;jpf;bfho RU';FfpwJ.

fl;Lg;ghl;L tpjpfis iftpl;L/ xUtUila czh;r;rpfSf;nfw;g thH;jy; xU
kjahidf;F xg;gplg;gLfpwJ. ,J gf;jpf; bfhoia ntnuhL rha;j;J mij Jz;L
Jz;lhf;FfpwJ. ,jdhy; gf;jpf; bfho RU';fptpLk;. Kf;fpakhf xUth; Md;kPf
FUtpd; Mizfis kPWk; bghGJ ,e;j Fw;wk; epfH;fpwJ. ,J “FU mt";dh”
vdg;gLk;. mjdhy; Md;kPf FUtpd; Mizfis kPWk; Fw;wj;ijr; bra;ahky; xU
rp#;ah; kpft[k; ftdkhf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. Md;kPf FUtpd; fl;lisfspypUe;J
tpyFk; bghGJ gf;jpf; bfhoia ntnuhL rha;g;gJ Muk;gkhfpwJ. bkJthf
midj;J ,iyfSk; fha;e;J tpLfpd;wd.
- _ irj;jd;a rhpjhkpUjk; kj;a yPiy 19.156
rPldpd; thH;thjhukhFk; FUtpd; Miz

xU FUtplkpUe;J jPl;ir bgw;w gpwF xUtd; mtuJ fl;lisfis vt;;tpj
jaf;fKkpd;wp epiwntw;w ntz;Lk;. mj;njhL ntW VjhYk; mtd;
FHg;gkilahky; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,J _y tp!;tehj rf;futh;j;jp jhThpd;
jPh;g;ghFk;. mth; gftj; fPij 2.41 vd;w gjj;ij tpsf;Fk; nghJ FUtpd;
fl;lisapid xU rp#;ad;/ jhd; tPL ngW bgw;W KGKjw; flt[is milag;
bgWnthkh vd;gtw;iw gw;wpbay;yhk; epidf;fhJ jdJ Kjw;flik FUtpd;
fl;lisapid epiwntw;Wtnj vd;W bray;glntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhf FUtpd;
mwpt[iufis jpahdpg;gnj rpwe;j jpahdkhFk;. mtd; mf;fl;lisia
epiwntw;WtnjhL kl;Lky;yhJ/ mjpypUe;J vt;thW rhpahd tHpghl;oid
bra;tJ / mjid vt;thW bray;gLj;J tJ vd;w tHpapida[k; fz;Lgpoj;jy;
ntz;Lk;.
- _kj; ghftjk; 4.24.15
TLjy; nkw;nfhs;fs;
“rp#;ah;” / “xG';F” vd;w brhy;Yld; bjhlh;gi
[ laJ
Md;kPf FUit Vw;Wf; bfhs;tJ vd;gJ jhdhf Kd;te;J/ xU rhd;nwhd; tH';Fk;
tpjpfs; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghLfSf;F ,z';fp ele;J bfhs;s rk;kjpg;gJ MFk;.
jhdhf Kd;te;J Vw;Wf;bfhs;tnj ‘rp#;ah‘; vd;gjw;F mh;j;jkhFk;. “rhp rhh;.
eP';fs; vd;d brhd;dhYk;; ehd; Vw;Wf;bfhs;fpnwd;”. rp#;ad; vd;w rk!;fpUj
thh;j;ij tpjpfspd;go elg;gtiuna Fwpf;fpwJ. M';fpyj;jpy;/ ‘rp#;ah’; vd;w
thh;j;ij/ xG';F vd;w thh;j;ija[ld; bjhlh;g[ cilaJ. Mjyhy; Md;kPf
FUtpdhy; xU rp#;ah; xH';FgLj;jg;gLfpwhh;. “vd;Dila jdpg;gl;l
mbrsfhpa';fis bghUl;gLj;jhJ vd;Dila Md;kPf FUtpd;
MizfSf;fpz';fp ehd; ele;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;”.
- cgnjrk; 5.5.1 ol;ld Qh;!;l;/ yz;ld; brg; 12/ 1969
47
FUtplk; milf;fyk; bgw;W Mj;khh;j;jkhf mtUf;F nrit bra;jy;
Md;kPf Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;fhd vspikahd tHp vd;dbtd;why; xU cz;ikahd
Md;kPf FUtplk; milf;fyk; bgw;W kdKk;/ Mj;kht[k; xd;wpl mtUf;F bjhz;L
bra;tjhFk;. mJnt btw;wpapd; ufrpak;. tp!;tehj rf;futh;j;jp jhThpd;
FUt#;lfj;jpy; “a!;a gpurhjhj; gftj; gpurhjh” vd;W cs;sijg; nghy. FUtpd;
fUiziag; bgWtjd; \yk; xUth; KGKjw; flt[spd; fUiziag; bgWfpwhh;.
gf;juhd/ jd;Dila fzth;/ fh;jk Kdpf;F nrit bra;tjd; \yk; mthpd;
rhjidfis njtQPjpapdhYk; gfph;e;J bfhs;s Koe;jJ. mijg;nghy/ xU
cz;ikahd rp#;ah; Md;kPf FUtpw;F nrit bra;tjd; Kyk; fpU#;zhpd;
bgU';fhUz;aj;ija[k; FUtpDila fUiziaa[k; xnu rkaj;jpy; milayhk;.
- _kj; ghftjk; 3.23.7
FUtpd; thh;j;ijfSf;F fl;Lg;gLjy;
jdJ FUtpd; yl;rpaj;ij kpfj; jPtpukhf epiwntw;Wk; rp#;ad; cldoahf
KGKjw;flt[is thzp my;yJ thg[tpdhy; bjhlh;g[ bfhs;fpwhd;. ,J xd;nw
KGKjw;flt[isf; fhqk; btw;wpapd; ufrpakhFk;. tpUe;jhtdj;jpypUf;Fk;
g[jh;fspy; gfthd; fpU#;ziuj; njof; bfhz;nl g[yDfh;r;rpapy; <LgLtijf;
fhl;oYk;/ jdJ FUtpd; thh;j;ijfis gpd;gw;Wk; xUtd; KGKjw;flt[is
vt;tpj ,ila{Wkpd;wp fhz;fpwhd;.
- _kj; ghftjk; 4.28.51
vd;Dila ,af;fj;jpd; bray;ghLfspy; cjt[k; bghGJ …. mJnt cz;ikahd
rj;r';fk;
vd;Dila rj;r';fj;ij kPz;Lk; bgw tpUk;g[tjhf vGJfpwha;. Mdhy;/ vg;nghJk;
vd;Dila rj;r';fj;jpny ,Uf;fpwha; vd;gij eP Vd; kwe;J nghfpwha;? eP
vd;Dila ,af;fj;jpd; bray;ghLfspy; cjt[k;nghJ ehd; vg;nghJk; cd;idna
epidj;jpUf;fpnwd;. nkYk; ePa[k; vd;id vg;nghJk; epidj;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwha;.
mJnt cz;ikahd rj;r';fk;.
- nfhtpe;jhtpw;F vGjpa fojk; - yh!; V";ry;!; Mf!;l; 17/ 1969
vd;Dila FUkfhuh$h vd;Dld; ,Ug;gijg;nghy; ehd; cd;Dld; ,Uf;fpnwd;

xU cz;ikahd rPld; FUtpd; Mizfis epiwntw;w KaYk; ,lj;jpy; FU
,Uf;fpwhh;. ,J fpU#;zhpd; fUizahy; KofpwJ. eP vdf;F nrit bra;a[k;
vy;yh Kaw;rpfspYk;/ gf;jp czh;t[fspYk;/ vd; FU kfhuh$h vd;Dld;
cs;sijg; nghy ehd; cd;Dld; ,Uf;fpnwd;. ,ij vg;nghJk; epidtpy; bfhs;.
- gf;j lhDf;F vGjpa fojk; - yh!; V";ry;!; ork;gh; 1/ 1973
48
ghlk; 10 FU thg;g[ kw;Wk; thzp nrth.
ghlj;jiyg;g[fs;
FUtpw;F 'thg;g'[ kw;Wk; 'thzp' nrit bra;a[k; Kiwfs;

FU thg;g[ - nritapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
FUtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; chpa Kiwapy; ele;J bfhs;Sjy;
FUtplk; ,Ue;J nfs;tpfs; nfl;L mwpjy;
FU thzp – nritapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
thg;g[ thzp
cly; cgnjr';fs;
rhJ r';f', rhJ r';f – rh;t rh!;j;nu – fah

yt – kj;u rhJ –r';nf rh;t – rpj;jp Qah
midj;J rh!;jpu';fspd; jPh;g;g[ vd;dbtd;why;/ xU J}a gf;jhpd; fz neu
rj;r';fj;jpdhy; Tl/ xUth; midj;J btw;wpfisa[k; mila Koa[k;.
- irjd;a rhpjhkpUjk;/ kj;a yPyh/ 22.54
B. FUtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; chpa Kiwapy; ele;J bfhs;S jy; :
Qhp gf;jp tpyh!j;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s xU rp#;aUf;fhd Mrhu tpjpfs; :

- xU Md;kPf FUitf; fz;lt[ld;/ xU nth; mWf;fg;gl;l kuk; rlhbudf;
fPnH tpGtijg; nghd;W/ tpGe;J tz';f ntz;Lk;. (jz;ltj;)
- xU Md;kPf FU mqFk; bghGJ/ clnd mtiu vjph;bfhz;L tz';f
ntz;Lk;. mth; me;j ,lj;ij tpl;L mfYk; nghJ mtiug; gpd; bjhlu
ntz;Lk;.
- xU Md;kPf FUtpd; mDkjpapd;wp/ mth; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij tpl;L mfyf;
TlhJ.
- Md;kPf FUtpd; bgaiu ftdf; Fiwthf cr;rhpf;ff;TlhJ. vg;bghGJk;
kpFe;j khpahija[ld; cr;rhpf;f ntz;Lk;.
- Md;kPf FUtpd; eil/ bray;fs;/ ghi# Mfpatw;iw mth; ghtid
bra;af; TlhJ.
- Md;kPf FUtpd; thh;j;ijfis mth; kpFe;j khpahija[ld; kdjpy;
bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
- Md;kPf FU mtUf;Fj; jz;lidf; bfhLj;jhYk;/ mij mth;
jatpy;yhjjhf vz;zf; TlhJ.
49
- gfthd;/ rh!;jpu';fs; kw;Wk; Md;kPf FUit ahuhtJ Fiw Twpdhy;/
mth; mij bghWj;Jf; bfhs;s f; TlhJ. me;j ,lj;ij tpl;L clnd mth;
mfy ntz;Lk;.
- Md;kPf FUtpd; khiyfs;/ gLf;if/ fhyzpfs;/ epHy; my;yJ nki$ kPJ
mtuJ fhyo glf;TlhJ.
- mth; Md;kPf FUtpd; Kd; fhy; ePl;o cl;fhunth/ rphpf;fnth/ bfhl;lhtp
tplnth kw;Wk; khpahijf; Fiwthd rg;j';fis vGg;gnth TlhJ.
- Md;kPf FUtpd; Kd; Mrdj;jpnyh. gLf;i fapnyh mth; mkuf; TlhJ.
- Md;kPf FUitj; jtph;j;J/ kw;wth;fSf;F Kd;Dhpik mspj;J/ tz';ff;
TlhJ.
- mth; Md;kPf FUtpd; Kd;dpiyapy; jPl;i r mspg;gnjh/ rh!;jpu';fSf;F
tpsf;fk; mspg;gnjh/ my;yJ jdJ nkd;ikiaf; fhl;lnth TlhJ.
- Md;kPf FUtpd; Md;kPf FUita[k; mth; ,nj Kiwapy; kjpf;f ntz;Lk;.
- Md;kPf FUtpw;F fl;lisfs; ,lf; TlhJ. khwhf/ vg;bghGJk; mtUf;Ff;
fPH;goa ntz;Lk;.
- mth; Md;kPf FUtpd; kidtp/ kfd; kw;Wk; cwtpdh;fSf;F/ Md;kPf
FUtpw;F mspf;Fk; mnj khpahijiaf; bfhLf;f ntz;Lk;. ,Ug;gpDk;/
Md;kPf FUtpd; kfDf;Ff; Fspg;ghl;Ljy;/ mtUila ghj';fisf;
fGt[jy; kw;Wk] mth; rhg;gpl;l cztpd; kpr;rj;ij cz;qjy; nghd;w
nritfisr; bra;af; TlhJ.
- 'gh";r huhj;u g;ujPg h' tpy; Twg;g l;lJ :-
xU rp#;ahpd; jFjpfs;-Qhpgf;jp tpyh!h
FU thg;g[ - nrth
FUtpw;Fj; njf brsfhpa';fisf; bfhLg;gjd; \ykhf/ mtUf;F neuoahfj;
bjhz;L bra;jy;.
xUtd; FUtpw;Fj; njf brsfhpa';fisf; bfhLg;gjhYk;/ Fspj;jy;/ Mil
mzpjy;/ cz;qjy; nghd;w bray;fspy; cjtp bra;tjhYk; neuoahf
mtUf;Fj; bjhz;L bra;a ntz;Lk]/ vd;gnj 'FU-!%#;U#ah' vd;w brhy;ypd;
bghUshFk;. ,J 'FU-!^#;U#ak;' vd;W miHf;fg;gLfpwJ. xU rp#;ah; vspa
nrtfdhf ,Ue;J FUtpw;F nrit bra;a ntz;Lk;. jd;dplk; ,Ug;gij vy;yhk;
mthplk; mth; mh;g;gzpj;J tpl ntz;Lk;.
- _kj; ghftjk; 7.7.30-31
,oiag; nghd;W fLikahft[k;/ nuh$h kyiug; nghd;W bkd;ikahft[k;

xU Mr;rhhpah; kw;Wk; it#;zt rk;gpujhaj;jpd; kpft[k; gpurpj;j bgw;wth; jd;Dila
bfhs;iffspy; kpft[k; fz;og;g[ld; ,Ug;ghh; XU ,oiag; nghd;W fLikahdtuhf
,Ug;gpDk;/ rpy rka';fspy; xU nuh$ kyiug; nghd;W bkd;ikahdth; ,t;thwhf/
mth; cz;ikapy; Rje;jpukhdth;.
- irjd;a rhpjhkpUjk;/ Mjp yPyh/ 7.55
50
rpnua!; - J – Futj;- tphpj;jph;
epj;ak; - Vt rkhr nuj;
FU g[j;nu#^ jhnu#^ Fnuh!;
irt !t- ge;J#^
xU rp#;ah; Md;kPf FUtplk; khpahija[ld; ele;J bfhs;Sk; tpjkhfnt/ Md;kPf

FUtpd; kidtp/ FHe;ijfs; kw;Wk; cwtpdh;fsplKk; khpahija[ld; ele;J
bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
- 'Qhpgf;jp tpyh!' j;jpypUe;J xU rp#;ahpd; jFjpfs;
- gh";ruhj;u – g;ujPgh/ gjk; 84/ Kjy; tpyh!h.
FLk;g m';fj;jpdh;fs; mtiu rhjhuz kdpjuhf fUJtjhy; …….

guk g[U#uhd fpU#;zh; my;yJ gfthd; uhkr;re;jpuiu xU rhjhuz kdpjd; vd;W
ahnuDk; fUJtjhy;/ gfthd; xU rhjhuz kdpjuhf khwptpLtjpy;iy. mt;thnw/
gukg[U#hpd; cz;ikahd gpujpepjpahf Md;kPf FUtpd; FLk;g m';fj;jpdh;fs;
mtiu xU rhjhuz kdpjuhf fUJtjhy;/ mth; xU rhjhuz kdpjuhf khwp
tpLtjpy;iy. Md;kPf FU guk g[U#Uf;Fr; rkkhdth;. vdnt Md;kPf
Kd;ndw;wj;jpy; ehl;lk; bfhz;Ls;std;/ Md;kPf FUit ,nj Kiwapy; Vw;Wf;
bfhs;s ntz;Lk;. ,jpypUe;J rpwpJ tpyfpdhYk;/ rp#;ahpd; ntjf; fy;tpfspYk;
jt';fspYk; bgUk; ehrk; Vw;gl;LtpLk;.
- _kj; ghftjk;/ 7.15.27.
xU Md;kPf FUtpd; Md;kPfr; rnfhjuh;fis kjpj;jy;

gfthd; irjd;ahpd; Md;kPf FUthd <!;thp g{hp/ _ mj;itj gpug[ - ,t;tpUtUk;
khjnte;jpu g[{hpapd; rp#;ah;fs; Mth;. khjnte;jpug[{hp epj;ahde;j g[ug[tpd; Md]kPf
FUt[khthh]. ,t]thwhf/ gfthd] irjd]ahpd] Md]kPf je]ij nghd]W/ mj]itj
gpug[ vg]bghGJk] kjpf]fg]gl ntz]Lk]. Vbddpy]/ xUth] jd]Dila Md]kPf
FUit kjpg]gJ nghynt jd]Dila Md]kPff] FUtpd] Md]kPfr]
rnfhjuh]fisa[k] kjpf]f ntz]Lk].
- irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ Mjp/ 5.147
xU gf]jdpd] gz]g[/ it#]zt Mrhuj]ij filg]gpog]gJ kw]Wk] ngzpf]fhg]gJ
"vdjUik rehjdh/ ,e]j KG gpug"]rj]ija[k] c']fshy] tpLtpf]f Koa[k]

vd]whYk]/ njth]fSk] ,we]j Kdpth]fSk] Tl c']fisj] bjhLtjhy] g[dpjk]
milfpwhh]fs] vd]w nghjpYk]/ xU gf]jhpd] gz]g[ ahbjdpy] it#]zt Mrhuj]ij
filg]gpog]gJk]/ ngzpf]fhg]gJk] MFk]. it#]zt Mrhuj]ijf] filgpoj]jy] xU
gf]jhpd] Mguzk]. xUth] Mrhu tpjpfis kPwpdhy]/ kf]fs] mtiu ghpfhrk]
bra]fpd]wdh]. ,t]thwhf ,e]j kw]Wk] mLj]j cyf']fspy] njhy]tpa[Wfpwhh].
Mrhuj]ijf] filgpog]gjhy] eP']fs] vdJ kdjpid jpUg]jp bra]Js]sPh]fs]."
- irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ me]jpa yPyh – mj].4
- - irjd]a kQhgpug[ rehjd nfh!]thkpf]F
rthy] tpLk] nehf]fj]jpy] ,ij bra]af]TlhJ

ghftjj]ijf] nfl]gth]fs] bjspthd mh]j]jj]ij mwptjw]fhf gpur']fk]
bra]gthplk] nfs]tpfs] nfl]ff] TLk]. Mdhy] rthy] tpLk] nehf]fj]jpy] ,ijr]
bra]af] TlhJ. gpur']fk] bra]jtUf]Fk]/ tp#aj]jpw]Fk] bgUk] khpahij mspj]J
51
mlf]fj]Jld] nfs]tpfs] nfl]f ntz]Lk]. ,]ej Kiwjhd] gftj] fPijapy] rpghhpR
bra]ag]gl]Ls]sJ. rhpahd mjpfhhpfsplkpUe]J gzpt[ld] xUth] bja]tPf
tp#aj]ijf] nfl]lwpa ntz]Lk]. Mfnt/ gpur']fpahd R{j nfh!]Rthkpaplk]
kpFe]j khpahija[ld] ,e]j Kdpth]fs] ngrpdh].
xUth] nfl]Fk] nfs]tpfshdJ fz]og]ghf jpt]a "hdj]jpw]F

rk]ge]jg]gl]litahfnt ,Uf]f ntz]Lk].
xUtd] $pf]"h!^thf mjhtJ mjpfhuKs]s Md]kPf FUtplkpUe]J fw]wwpe]J
bfhs]s MtyhapUj]jy] ntz]Lk]. mtd] nfl]Fk] nfs]tpfshdJ fz]og]ghf
jpt]a "hdj]jpw]F rk]ge]jg]gl]ljhfnt ,Uf]f ntz]Lk]. ($pf]"hR: #]nua
cj]jkk]). $l mwpt[f]F nkw]gl]l xd]W vd]gij cj]jkk] vd]w brhy]
bjspt[gLj]JfpwJ. "jk" vd]gjd] bghUs] "$l cyfpd] ,Us]" MFk]. "cj]"
vd]why] "jpt]akhd" vd]W bghUs]. bghJthf kf]fs] $l tp#a']fisg] gw]wp
mwptjpnyna Mh]tkhf cs]sdh]. Mdhy] vg]bghGJ xUtd] ,t]tp#a']fspy]
Mh]tj]ij ,He]J/ jpt]akhd tp#a']fspy] Mh]tkhf cs]shndh mg]bghGJ
mtd] jPl]ir bgwj]jFe]jtdhfpwhd].
- cgnjrhkpUjk]/ gjk] 5
FU thg]g[ nritapd] Kf]fpaj]Jtk]

thzp epj]jpakhf bjhluf]ToaJ
bgsjPf fz]nzhl]lj]jpd]go/ bja]tj]jpU._y gf]jp rpj]jhe]j ru!]tjp jhTh]
mth]fs]/ ork]gh] khjk]/ filrp ehsd]W/ 1936 Mk] tUlk] ,e]j bgsjpf
cyfpypUe]J kiwe]J tpl]lhYk]/ mtUila thzp/ mtUila thh]j]ijfs]
\yk] vg]bghGJk] bja]tj]jpU vd]Dld] ,Ug]gjhf ehd] ,d]d Kk] fUJfpnwd].
,uz]L tHpfspy] rj]r']fk] – thzp vd]why] thh]j]ijfs]. thg]g[ vd]w hy] cly]
,Ug]g[. cly] ,Ug]g[ rpy rka']fspy] ghuhl]lj]jf]fJ. rpy rka']fspy]
mt]thwpy]iy. Mdhy] thzp epj]jpakhfj] bjhluf]ToaJ. Mjyhy] ehk] 'thzp '
iag] gad]gLj]jpf] bfhs]s ntz]Lk]/ cly] ,Ug]ig my]y. gftj] fPij/
cjhuzj]jpw]F gfthd] fpU#]zhpd] thzp. Iahapuk] Mz]LfSf]F Kd]d h]
fpU#]znu ,']nf ,Ue]jhh]. $lf]fz]nzhl]lj]jpy] ,g]bghGJ ,']nf mth]
,y]iy vd]whYk]/ gftj] fPij bjhlh]e]J ,Uf]fpwJ.
- irjd]a rhpjhkpUjh/ me]j]a yPyh/ Kothd thh]j]ijfs]
'thzp' nrit 'thg]g[' nritia tpl Kf]fpaj]Jtk] tha]e]jJ

Md]kPf FUtpd] njhw]w j]ij tHpgLtij tpl/ mtuJ cgnjr']fis
epiwntw]Wtnj kpft[k] Kf]fpaj]Jtk] tha]e]jJ. Mdhy]/ ,uz]oy] vija[k]
xJf]f KoahJ. cUtk] 'thg]g[' vd]wiHf]fg]gLfpwJ. cgnjr']fs] 'thzp '
vd]wiHf]fg]gLfpwJ. ,uz]Lnk tHpglg]gl ntz]Lk]. 'thzp' 'thg]g['it tpl
Kf]fpaj]Jtk] tha]e]jJ.
- J#]l fpU#]zhtpw]F vGjpa fojk]/ mfkjhghj]/ 14/ ork]gh]/ 1972
murhpd] koapy] cl]fhUk] \l]ilg]g{r]rp

FUt[ldhd neuo rj]r']fk] vd]W ghh]j]jhy] ,Jtiu ghh]j]jhy]/ ehd] vdJ FU
kfhuh$ht[ld] ehd]F my]yJ Ie]J Kiwfs] kl]Lnk ,Ue]njd]. Mdhy] ehd]
mtuJ rj]r']fj]jpypUe]J vg]bghGJk] tpyftpy]iy. xU fzk] Tl/ Vbddpy]
52
ehd] mtuJ fl]lisfisg] gpd]gw]Wfpnwd]. ehd] xU bghGJk] gphpit
czh]e]jjpy]iy. vdJ FU kfuh$ht[ld] ,ilawhj neuo rj]r']fk]
bfhz]oUe]jth]fs]/ Mdhy] mthpd] fl]lisfis myl]rpak] bra]a[k] vd]Dila
Md]kPfr] rnfhjuh]fs] rpyh] ,e]jpahtpy] ,']nf cs]sdh]. ,J/ xU murhpd] koapy]
cs]s \l]ilg]g{r]rp nghy/ \l]ilg]g{r]rp jdJ epiyapy] fh]tk] bfhs]syhk]/
Mdhy] mjd] btw]wp vy]yhk] muriuf] fog]gjpy] kl]Lnk. nritapd] \ykhd
rj]r']fj]ijg] nghy neuo rj]r']fk] Kf]fpakhdJ my]y.
- rjjd]ahtpw]F vGjpa fojk]/ nfhy]fj]jh/ 20/ gpg]uthp/ 1972
ehd] nkw]bfhz]l gzpia eP']fs] epiwntw]w Kaw]rpj]jhy]/ mJnt ekJ

,ilawhj rj]r']fk]
vd]idg] bghWj]jtiu/ cz]ikapnyna ehd] vdJ Md]kPf FUtplkpUe]J ve]j
gphpita[k] czutpy]iy. Vbddpy]/ mtUila tpUg]gj]jpw]fpz']f/ mtUf]F
nrit bra]a Kaw]rp bra]J bfhz]oUf]fpnwd]. eP']fs] ehd] nkw]bfhz]l gzpia
fdpt[ld] epiwntw]w Kaw]rp bra]jhy]/ mjw]fhfnt eP']fs] m']F
mDg]gg]gl]oUf]fpwPh]fs]/ mJnt ekJ ,ilawhj rj]r']fkhFk].
- Qk]! J}jhtpw]F vGjpa fojk]/ yh!] V"]r y]!]/ 22/ $Pd]/ 1970
gphpt[ czh]r]rpfs] bja]tPfkhd nghpd]gkhf khWk]

jat[bra]J gphptpy] kfpH]r]rp mila[']fs].1936ypUe]J ehd] vdJ FU
kfhuh$htplk] ,Ue]J gphpf]fg]gl]oUf]fpnwd]. Mdhy] mtuJ fl]lisf]F Vw]g ehd]
nrit bra]a[k] tiu/ ehd] vg]bghGJk] mtUld] ,Uf]fpnwd]. Mjyhy]/ gfthd] _
fpU#]ziuj] jpUg]jp bra]tjw]fhf/ ehk] midtUk] xd]whf nrit bra]a
ntz]Lk]. ,t]thwhf/ czh]r]rpfs] jpt]akhd nghpd]gkhf khWk].
- 'cj]jth' tpw]F vGjpa fojk]/ gh!]ld]/ 3/ nk/ 1968
53
ghlk] 11/ FU jpahfk] (Md]kPf FUit epuhfhpj]jy])
ghlj]jiyg]g[fs]
FU jpahfk] – bfhs]iffs]
FU gw]wpa ftiyfis g[fhh] bra]a[k] Kiwfs]
jpUk]gt[k] jPl]ir vLg]gJ
mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy]/ bjhlh]e]J
gf]jp nrit bra]jy]
FU jpahfj]jpd] bfhs]iffSk]/ KiwfSk]

btWf]fj]jf]fr] bray]fspy] <LgLk] Mrphpah] epuhfhpf]fg]gl ntz]oath]
rh!]jpu epak']fspd]go/ gFj]jwpit ,He]J btWf]fj]jf]fr] bray]fspy] <LgLk]
Mrphpah] epuhfhpf]fg]gl ntz]oath].
- gftj] fPij cz]ika[Utpy]/ 2.5
Md]kPf FU jFjpaw]wth] vDk] bghGJ/ mth] epuhfhpf]fg]gl ntz]Lk]

Md]kPf FU xUth] FUthf ,Uf]fj] jFjpaw]wth] vd]gij btspg]gLj]Jk]
bghGJ/ ntj E}y]fSf]F ,z']f mtiu xJf]fptpl ntz]Lk].
- _kj] ghftjk] 1.7.43
Fnuhh] mgp mtypg]j!]a fhh]afhh]ak] m$hdjh

cgjh – g]ujp gd]d!]a ghpj]ahnfh tpjpanj
FU g[ydpd]gj]jpy] gw]W bfhz]L/ jdJ flik czh]it tpLj]J/ gfthDf]F gf]jp
nrit bra]jy] vd]w tHpiaj] jtpu xU jukpHe]j ghijia gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ mth]
epuhfhpf]fg]gl ntz]oath].
- kfhghujk]/ cj]nahf gh]th/ 179.25
jtWjyhf eP']fs] xU ghjfdplk] te]J tpl]Oh]fs]….. eP']fs] mtid epuhfhpf]f

Koa[k]
jtWjyhf xUth] xU ghjfdplk] brd]wpUe]j nghjpYk]/ epajp ,Uf]fpwJ. ',']nf/
fpU#]ziug] gw]wp vJt[k] mwpahj ghjfd] ,Uf]fpwhd] kw]Wk] ehd] mtdplk]
te]jpUf]fpnwd] ' vd]W fz]lt[ld]/ eP']fs] mtid epuhfhpa[']fs]. rh!]jpuj]jpy] mJ
Twg]gl]oUf]fpwJ. F+h] mgp mtypg]j!]a fhh]afhh]ak] m$hdjh ghpj]ahnfh
tpjPanj. (>). FUthf vt]thW ,Ug]gJ vd]W bjhpahj xU ghjfdplk] eP']fs]
jtWjyhf te]jpUe]jhYk] Tl/ eP']fs] mtid epuhfhpf]f ntz]Lk]. Vd] mtDld]
xl]oapUf]fpwha]> mtiu epuhfhpa[']fs].
- miw ciwahly]/ $dthp/ 31/ 1977/ g[tnd!]th]
54
xU FU/ FUthf ,Uf]fj] jFjpaw]wth] vd]gJ btspg]gLk] epiyapy]/ mfpy cyf
fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fk] rp#]ah]fs] vt]thW ghJfhf]fpwJ> c']fs] fUj]Jf]fis
vGJf.
FU rk]ge]jkhd ftiyfis g[fhh] bra]a[k] Kiwfs]:-

xU rp#]ah] jdJ FU rk]ge]jkhd ftiyfis/
fPnH Fwpg]gplg]gl]Ls]sth]fspd] Mnyhrida[ld] btspg]gLj]jyhk]
- nfhtpy] kw]Wk] $p.gprp. mjpfhhpfs]
- rPf]#h – FUf]fs]
- mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] jPh]khd']fs]
Md]kPf FUtpd] rj]r']fj]ijf] eP']fs] iftpl]lhy]/ mJ c']fSf]F ey]yjy]y
Mdhy] xUth] Md]kPf FUit tpl]L tpyFk] bghGJ/ Md]kPf FU/ VjhtJ
fhuzk] ,Uf]fyhk]. me]j fhuzKk] rh!]jpuj]jpy] bfhLf]fg]gl]oUf]fpwJ. F+h]
mgp mtypg]j!]a fhh]afhh]ak] m$hdjh (>) fhh]amfhh]a. xU Md]kPf FU
cz]ikapy] vd]d bra]a ntz]Lk]/ vd]d bra]af]TlhJ vd]W mwpatpy]iy vdpy]
kw]Wk] rh!]jpuj]jpd] tpjpfs] kw]Wk] fl]Lg]ghLfSf]F vjpuhf bray]gLfpwhh]
vd]why]/ gpwF mt]thwhd Md]kPf FUit iftpl]Ltplyhk]. Mdhy]/ rh!]jpuk]
my]yJ FUtpd] bfhs]iffSf]F vjpuhf Md]kPf FU bray]gLfpwhh] vd]gij
eP']fs] fhzKoahj tiu/ Md]kPf FUtpd] rj]r']fj]ij eP']fs] iftpl]lhy]/
Md]kPf FUtpd] rj]r']fj]ij eP']fs] iftpl]lhy]/ mJ c']fSf]F ey]yjy]y.
mJnt c']fSf]F tPH]r]rp.
- _kj] ghftjk]/ 1.16.36 – nlhf]n ah/ $dthp/ 30/ 1974
c']fsJ ke]jpu FU cs]stiu/ eP']fs] ntW v']Fk] bry]y ,ayhJ.

xU ehs]/ _y fjhju gz]ojh]/ jhd] jpUk]g jPl]ir th']f tpUk]g[tjd] fhuzj]ij
gfthdplk] btspg]gLj]jpdhh]. mth] Twpdhh]: vdJ FUtplk] ,Ue]J bgw]w vdJ
,#]l-ke]jpuj]ij (xUthpd] tHpglf]Toa tpf]uQj]jpd] ke]jpuk]) ehd] xU
jFjpaw]w egUf]F btspg]gLj]jptpl]nld]. mg]nghjpypUe]J vdJ kdk]
fy']FfpwJ. gfthnd/ gzpt[ld] eP']fs] vdf]Fj] jpUk]gt[k] jPf]i# tH']F']fs].
gpwF vd] kdk] kPz]Lk] ctif bfhs]S k] gfthd] gjpyspj]jhh]. "c']fSf]F
,#]l-ke]jpuj]ij cgnjrpj]j FUtpw]F ve]j Fw]w']fSk] ,iHf]fhjPh]fs]. ,jpy]
kpft[k] ftdkhf ,U']fs]. c']fs] ke]jpu-FU ,Uf]Fk] tiu/ eP']fs] ntW v']Fk]
bry]y ,ayhJ my]yJ vd]dplk] Tl tuKoahJ. ,J ek] ,Uthpd] Md]kPf
thH]f]ifia Mgj]Jf]F cs]shf]Fk]."
nghj fYrpj!] njd bjsuj;ak] g]uf]jp-f]Ujk]

F+h] nad ghpj]af]j!] njd j]af]jh g{u Qhp
55
xUth] jd]Dila brhe]j Md]kPf FUit epuhfhpf]Fk] bghGJ/ jd]Dila
g[j]jpia khRgLj]Jfpwhh] kw]Wk] jdJ fLikahd gytPdj]ij btspg]gLj]Jfpwhh].
cz]ikapy]/ mj]jifa kdpjh] cd]dj gfthd]/ Qhpia Vw]fdnt
epuhfhpj]Jtpl]lhh]".
- gpuQ]k itth]j g[uhzk]
kPz]Lk] jPl]ir
$p.gp.rp tHpfhl]Ljy]fisf] fUj]jpy] bfhz]Lk]/ \j]j mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp
,af]fj]jpd] gf]jh]fspd] Mnyhridapd]goa[k]/ jdJ jFjp ,He]j FUit
epuhfhpg]gjhf Kot[ bra]jpUe]j xU gf]jh]/ mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd]
m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l FUtplk] ,Ue]J jPl]iria ehlyhk]. mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp
,af]fj]jpd] rl]lj]jpy] Kjy] kw]Wk] ,uz]lhtJ jPl]irf]F chpa tHf]fkhd
Kiwfs] gpd]gw]wg]gl ntz]Lk].
- mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] rl]lk] 7.26
'FU-jpahfk]' tp#aj]jpy]/ kPz]Lk] jPl]ir bgWtjw]FKd]/ xU rp#]ah] _y

gpug[ghjh/ FU guk]giu kw]Wk] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fk] - ,tw]nwhL
bjhlh]]e]J bjhlh]gpy] ,Uf]ff] Toajw]fhd tHpfisg] gl]oaypLf.
vdJ cgnjr']fspd] \ykhf vd]id vg]bghGJk] epidj]jpUf]f jat[ bra]J

KaY']fs]. ehk] vg]bghGJk] xd]whf ,Ug]nghk].
vdJ cgnjr']fspd] \ykhf vd]id vg]bghGJk] epidj]jpUf]f jat[ bra]J
KaY']fs]. ehk] vg]bghGJk] xd]whf ,Ug]nghk]. _kj] ghftjj]jpd] Kjy]
btspaPLfspy] ehd] vGjpa[s]sijg] nghy/ "Md]kPf FU jdJ bja]tPfkhd
fl]lisfs] \yk] vg]bghGJk] thH]fpwhh] kw]Wk] rp#]ah] mtUld] thH]fpwhh]"/
Vbddpy]/ vdJ FU kfuh$htpw]F ehd] vg]bghGJk] nrit bra]jpUf]fpnwd]
kw]Wk] mtuJ cgnjr']fis gpd]gw]wpUf]fpnwd]. jw]rkak] Tl ehd] vg]bghGJk]
mthplkpUe]J gphpe]jJ ,]y]iy.
- rpjee]jhtpw]F vGjpa fojk]/ gf]jpntjhe]j nkdh]/ 25/ etk]gh]/ 1973
56
ghlk; 12 xUtUila FUit mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;
ghlj;jiyg;g[fs;
- _y gpug[ghjhit mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;
- jw;nghija mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; FUf;fis
mwpKfg;gLj;J jy;
_y gpug[ghjhit mwpKfg;gLj;J jy;
_y gpug[ghjhit/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy;/ !;jhgf

Mr;rhhpauhft[k;/ jiyikahd FUthft[k; btspg;gilahf nkk;gLj;Jtjpy;
cs;s rpy ed;ikfis/ fPnH bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fl;lj;jpy; thpirg;gLj;Jf.
jw;nghija mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; FUf;fis mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; jw;nghija FUf;fis

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjpy;/ bghUj;jkw;w tHpfs; rpytw;iw/ fPnH fz;l fl;lj;jpy;
thpirg;gLj;Jf.
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; FUf;fis bghUj;jkw;w Kiwapy;

mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjhy;/ ,af;fj;jpw;F epfHf;Toa tpist[fs; vd;dthf
,Uf;ff;TLk;> fPnH fz;l fl;lj;jpy;/ c';fsJ fUj;Jfis vGJf.
57
TLjy; nkw;nfhs;fs; ghlk; 12 xUthpd; FUit mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;
g[jpa cWg;gpdh;fis _y gpug[ghjhtplk; g[fyplk; bfhs;tjw;F mwpt[Wj;J ';fs;.

- mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rl;lk; 7.2.1 Kjy; (Qhpehk) jPl;i r
gl;lj;ij cgnahfpj;jy;
g[j;jf';fs;/ ,jH;fs;/ bra;jp kly;fs;/ Jz;Lg; gpuRu';fs;/ miHg;g[fs; Kjyhd

midj;J mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; btspaPLfs;/ ‘!;jhgf
Mr;rhhpah;/ gpug[ghjh kw;Wk; bja;tj;jpU cs;spl;l gl;l';fisa[k;/ KGg;
bgaiua[k; bjspthff; fhl;lntz;Lk;. cjhuzkhf bja;tj;jpU m.r.gf;jp
ntjhe;j !;thkp gpug[ghjh/ !;jhgf Mr;rhhpah;/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp
,af;fk;. (96).
jfLfs;
_y gpug[ghjhtpd; bgah; bghwpf;fg;glhj midj;J mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp

,af;fj;jpd; nfhtpy;fSk;/ Kf;fpa fl;ol';fSk;/ _y gpug[ghjhtpd;
KGg;bgaiua[k;/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; !;jhgf Mr;rhhpah; vd
mtuJ epiyiaa[k; Fwpf;Fk; jfLfis epWtntz;Lk;. ,J gf;jp ntjhe;j g[j;jf
mwf;fl;lis/ gf;jp ntjhe;j epWtdk;/ _y gpug[ghjhthy; !;jhgpf;fg;gl;l my;yJ
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;Jld; ,izf;fg;bgw;w ntW VjhtJ ,af;fk; -
,itfspd; Kf;fpakhd fl;ol';fSf;Fk; bghUj;Jk;.
- mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fk; 2.3.3
xUth; jd;Dila FUit kiwf;f ntz;Lk;
nfhgnaj; njtjhk; ,#;lk; nfhgnaj; F+k; mj;kdQ

nfhgnar; r ep$k; ke;juk; nfhgnad; ep$ khypfk;
xUth; jd;Dila ,#;l njthit kiwf;f ntz;Lk;. xUth; jd;Dila FUit

kiwf;f ntz;Lk;. xUth; jd;Dila ke;jpuj;ij kiwf;f ntz;Lk;. kw;Wk; xUth;
jd;Dila $gkhiyia kiwf;f ntz;Lk;.
- Qhpgf;jp - tpyh!h/ gjk; 2.14.7
FUtpd; rl;ilfs;/ Rtbuhl;ofs;/ $gk; ig bghj;jhd;fs; Mfpatw;iw

btspg;gilahf tpsk;guk; bra;jy;
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; jPf;#h kw;Wk; rPf;#h FUf;fspd;
rp#;ah;fs;/ FUtpd; rl;ilfs;/ $gk; ig bghj;jhd;fs;/ tpisahl;L bjhg;gpfs;
Kjyhdtw;iw mzptnjh my;yJ btspg;gilahff; fhl;Ljnyh TlhJ. (_y
gpug[ghjhitj; jtpu).
- mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; rl;lk; /
rpghhpR 6.4.8 tHpghL kw;Wk; Mrhuk;
58
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f jPf;#h my;yJ rPf;#h FUf;fspd;
cUtg;gl';fs;
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy; nfhtpypy; trpg;gth;fs;/ mfpy cyf
fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; jPf;#h my;yJ rPf;#h FUf;fspd; cUtg;gl';fis/
jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; mth;fsJ M!;uk FoapUg;g[fspy; itj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.
Mdhy; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; tshf';fspy; btspg;gilahf
tpsk;guk; bra;af;TlhJ. mt;tg;nghJ elf;fpw rpwg;g[ gpur;rhu epfH;r;rpfis
Cf;Ftpj;jy; xU tpjptpyf;fhf ,Uf;fyhk;.
tHpghL kw;Wk; Mrhuk;
_y gpug[ghjhtpd; glj;ij ,iza js';fs; Kf;fpakhdjhf fhl;l ntz;Lk;
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; fpisahy; btspaplg;gLk;

ve;jbthU kw;Wk; midj;J ,izajs';fs;/ mwpKfg; gf;fj;jpy; _y
gpug[ghjhtpd; glj;ij Kf;fpakhff; fhl;l ntz;Lk; vd;gij cWjp bra;tjw;F
me;j fpisapd; mjpfhhpfs; bghWg;ngw;f ntz;Lk;. $p.gp.rp fpisapd; jiyth;
myyJ FU nghd;w ntW ve;j gf;jhpd; cUtg;glj;ij tpl/ ,g;glk; bghpajhf
,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. _y gpug[ghjh/ ‘bja;tj;jpU m.r. gf;jp ntjhe;j !;thkp gpug[ghjh/
!;jhgf Mr;rhhpah;/ mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fk;’ vd;W mtUila
Kiwahd bgauhYk;/ gl;lj;jhYk; Fwpg;gplg;glntz;Lk;.
- 304 _y gpug[g hjhtpd; epiy kPjhd $p.gp.rp. Tw;W/ khh;r; 2013
59
ghlk; 13 mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpDs; cwt[Kiwfs;
ghlj;jiyg;g[fs;
- FUtpd; mog;gilapy; ghFghL
- xj;JiHf;fpd;w cwt[Kiwfis tsh;j;Jf; bfhs;Sjy;
FUtpd; mog;gilapy; ghFghL
ghFghL
“kdjhy; czh;jy;/ Fwpg;g[/ my;yJ tp#a';fSf;fpilna ntWghL my;yJ

tpj;jpahrk; bra;jy;”
- Mf;!;nghh;L M';fpy mfuhjp/ ,uz;lhk; gjpg;g[/
Mf;!;nghh;L gy;fiyf;fHf mr;rfk;.
“ghFghL vd;gJ/ “xU egh; xU Fwpg;gpl;l FGtpy; my;yJ gphptpy;

cWg;gpduhf cs;shh; vd;w mog;gilapy; kl;Lnk/ mtiu nfL cz;L
gz;zj;jf;f tpjkhf elj;Jjy;” MFk;. . . . . . . . . xU FGtpy; cs;s
cWg;gpdh;fis/ kw;w FGtpdh;f;Ff; fpilf;Fk; tha;g;g[fspypUe;J jtph;j;jy;
my;yJ fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; Mfpaita[k; ml';Fk;.
- Kd;Diu/ r\ftpay;/ 7k; gjpg;g[/
lgps;a[/lgps;a[/ ehh;ld; & fk;bgdp 2009 gf;fk; 324
mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy;/ c';fSila jPf;#h my;yJ rPf;#h

FUf;fspd; mog;gilapy;/ bghUj;jkw;w ghugl;rj;ij eP';fs; mDgtpj;j xU
jUzj;ij tpthpf;ft[k;.
60
FUtpd; mog;gilapy; bghUj;jkw;w ghugl;rk; my;yJ xU gf;fk; fha;jy; -
,tw;why; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpw;F vHf;Toa ePz;l fhy
tpist[fs; rpytw;iw gl;oaypLf.
midj;J mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd; FUf;fs;/ rp#;ah;fSf;fpilna

cWjpahd/ xj;JiHf;fpw cwt[Kiwfis gf;jh;fs; ngzpf;fhj;jhy;/ mfpy cyf
fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fk; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk; vd;gjw;fhd c';fsJ ghh;itia
tpsf;Ff.
c';fSf;fpilna ,Uf;Fk; el;gpidf; fz;L ehd; kfpH;r;rp miltnjhL/ c';fs;

midtUf;Fk; k';fsk; cz;lhFf vd;W thH;j;Jfpnwd;
KGKjw; flt[s; Twpdhh; : vdJ md;gpw;F hpa mur Fkhuh;fns! c';fsplk;

fhzg;gLk; el;g[wt[ fz;L ehd; kpft[k; kfpH;r;rp milfpnwd;. eP';fs; midtUk;
gf;jpj; bjhz;L vd;Dk; xnu jh;kj;jpy; <Lgl;oUf;fpwPh;fs;. c';fSf;fpilna
,Uf;Fk; el;gpidf; fz;L ehd; kfpH;r;rp miltnjhL/ c';fs; midtUf;Fk;
k';fsk; cz;lhFf vd;W thH;j;Jfpnwd;. ,g;nghJ eP';fs; ntz;Lk; tuj;jpid
vd;dplk; nfl;fyhk;.”
- _kj; ghftjk; 4.30.8
ehd; brd;w gpwF/ ,e;j ,af;fj;ij Kd; elj;jpr; bry;tjw;F xj;JiHa[';fs;
_y gpug[ghjh Twpdhh; : “ehd; brd;wgpwF ,e;j ,af;fj;ij Kd;elj;jpr;

bry;tjw;F vt;tst[ xj;JiHf;fpwPh;fs; vd;gjpypUe;J eP';fs; vd;kPJ
itj;jpUf;Fk; md;g[ btspg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
- _y gpug[g hjh yPyhkpUjh/ ghfk; 6/ 52 : “ehd; vdJ g';i f bra;Jtpl;nld;”
61
xd;Wgl;lhy; ehk; epiyj;J epw;nghk;. gphpt[gl;lhy; ehk; tPH;nthk;
irjd;a kQhgpug[nt ekJ xj;JiHg;ig tpUk;gpdhh;. mth; gfthd;/ fpU#;zh;.

Mjyhy; xj;JiHg;g[ vd;gJ kpft[k; Kf;fpakhd tp#ak;. “ehd; kpFe;j jpwikiag;
bgw;wpUf;fpnwd;. vd;dhy; bra;a Koa[k;” vd;W ahUk; epidf;ff;TlhJ.
xj;JiHg;gjhy; kl;Lnk/ ehk; kpfg;bghpa tp#aj;ijr; bra;aKoa[k;.
,J ekJ . . . . . . . Mjyhy; fpU#;z czh;itg; gug;g[tjpy; cWjpahf ,U';fs;.
kw;Wk; fpU#;zh; cjt[thh;. mtnu kpft[k; rf;jp tha;e;jth;. MapDk;/ ehk; xd;Wgl
ntz;Lk;.
- uhjh jnkhjuh r';fPh;j;jd FGt[ldhd miw ciuahly;/
khh;r; 16/ 1976 khahg;g {h;.
62
,e;j tFg;gpypUe;J eP';fs; fw;Wf; bfhz;lJ vd;d>
63

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ghlk; 1 tuntw;g[ kw;Wk; Kd;Diu

tFg]gpd]nghJ/ chpa fw]Fk] R{Hiyf] fhf]Fk] bghUl]L/ khzth]fs] tFg]giw

tFg;gpd; gue;j Fwpf;nfhs;fs;

_y gpug[ghjhpd; ,af;fk; kw;Wk; mjd; cWg;gpdh;fspd; ePz;l fhy eyid

2. jdJ FUf;fs; kw;Wk; \j;j it#;zth;fsplk; Md;kPf hPjpahd

3. xU rp#;aUf;F j; njitahd kndhepiya[k;/ kjpg;iga[k; tsh;j;Jf;

4. _y gpug[ghjhpd; cgnjr';fisa[k;/ mth; nkw;bfhz;l gzpiaa[k;

xU rp#;auhf/ ehd; ve;j tHpfspy;/ nkk;gl Koa[k;>

tFg;gpd; bfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; kjpg;g[fs;

1. _y gpug[ghjh; jiyikahd rPf;#h FU

ghf']fs] ,uz]L & \d]W

FU-nrth (ghl']fs] 9&10)

midj]J rh!]jpu']fspd] MH]e]j epjhdkhd fUj]jpd]go Md]kPf FUtpw]Fk]/

Mr]rhh]ak] khk] tp"]"hdPahd] ehtkd;naj fh;Qprpj;

Fiwe]j jFjpfisf] bfhz]ltuhf ,Ue]jhYk] my]yJ Kf]jpailahjtuhf

eP']fs] J}a gf]jiug] gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ eP']fSk] J}a gf]jnu

rPf]#h FUf]fspd] vz]zpf]iff]F tuk]g[ ,y]iy

rPf]#h – FU – gpUe]jh f]Ugh bfhhpah mghh]

Mdhy]/ mnef mwpt[iu tH']Fk] FUf]fis (rPf]#h FUf]fs]) kpf

jpt]a-"hdk] ,f;#h jPf]#h

jPf]#h vd]gJ jpt]akhd bray]fisj] bjhl']Ftjw]fhd Muk]gk] …

rk!]fpUjj]jpy] cgnahfpf]fg]gLk] thh]j]ij "jPf]#h" jPf]#h vd]why]…jp/ jpt]a

xUtUf]F jPf]i# mspf]fg]gl]lhy] md]wp/ …..mtdJ midj]J gf]jp bray]fSk]

Kjy] jPf]i# (Qhp – ehk)

(thH]e]J bfhz]oUf]Fk]) jw]nghija jPf]#h kw]Wk] rPf]#h FUf]fis ehk] Vd]

jw]nghija Md]kPf FUit xUth] mqf ntz]Lk].

fpU#]ziu neuoahf mqf Kaw]rpf]fhjPh]fs]/ mJ cgnahfkw]w J

xUth] xU it#]zt FUit Vw]Wf]bfhs]s ntz]Lk]/……. btWk] g[j]jf']fisg]

ehd] jPf]i# tH']Fk] midj]J rp#]ah]fSk] gpd]dhspy] Md]kPf FUf]fshf

ehd] ,y]yhj nghJ/ vdJ midj]J rp#]ah]fisa[k] m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf

• ve]jbthU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l it#z]t rk]gpujhah']fspYk]/ xUth]

• xUth] guk]FUtplk] ,Ue]J jPf]i# bgwyhk] vd]gjw]fhd rh!]jpu Mjhuk]

• b$anfhghy] vd]gth] jd]id jd] guk] FUtpd] rp#]ah] vd mwptpj]j

• gpug[jhtpd] rp#]ah]fspilna ,ilna jFjp tha]e]j jPf# ] h FUf]fs]

• xU hpj]tpf] FU cgnjr']fs] tH']Ffpwhh]. Mdhy] xU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l

_kjp uhjhuhzpapd] me]ju']f nrtfh] kw]Wk] epj]ahde]j gpug[tpd] gpujpepjp

xU J}a gf]jiu eP']fs] gpd]gw]wpdhy]/ eP']fSk] xU J}a gf]jnu

mth]fs] mnefk] my]y/ xUtnu/ FU-jj]th…..

xUtUila Ke]ija ght tpist[fis jPf]#h mfw]WfpwJ

,uz]lhtJ jPf]i# cz]ikahd jPf]i#

tpf]uQ tHpghL njitg]gLfpwJ

xU rp#]ahpd] Kl]lhs]jdj]ij xU m']fPfhpf]fg]gl]l Md]kPf FU neuoahfr]

FU xUtuhfnt ,Uf]f Koa[k]

!]jhgf Mr]rhhpahpd] bray]fs]

_y gpug[ghjh mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpd] !]jhgf Mr]rhhpauhf

_y gpug[ghjh _ irjd]a kQhgpug[tpd] rf]jpaspf]fg]gl]l gpujpepjp

vjph]fhyj]jpy] mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fk]

ehd] gfthd] irjd]ahpd] bra]jpia vLj]Jr] bry]gtd] kl]Lnk ………

xU rp#]ahpd] Kf]fpakhd Fz']fs] rpytw]iw thpirg]gLj]Jf

xU mfpy cyf fpU#]z gf]jp ,af]fj]jpy] cs]s FUtpd] kndhepiy

c']fs] vz]z']fis vGJf………..

FUf;fs; kw;Wk; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f mjpfhhpfspd; cgnjr';fs;

mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpw;F btspna cs;s FUf;fs;

mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpy;; xU FUtpd; kndhepiy

_y gpug[ghjUf]Fk]/ FU guk]giuf]Fk] nrit

gf;jp rpj;jhe;j jhThpd; eph;thf mikg;g[

FU kw;Wk; mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpd;; mjpfhhpfspd;

mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;fj;jpw;F btspna cs;s FUf;fs;

ekJ guk;giuapy; ,y;yhj xUthplkpUe;J nfl;f/ vg;nghJk; Kaw;rp bra;ahjPh;fs;.

jat[ bra;J mth;fisj; jtph;f;ft[k;

TLjy; nkw;nfhs;fs; - ghlk; 4 - mfpy cyf fpU#;z gf;jp ,af;f FUf;fs;

bfsoa klk; gpur;rhu nritapy; njhw;Wtpl;lJ