ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND PERSONNEL INVOLVE IN

CONSTRUCTION
Organisational Structure
Organisational structure is the arrangement of job roles and the reporting and operational
relationships between and within these roles. Organisational structure is also a way or method
by which organisational activities are divided, organized and coordinated. The organisations
created the structures to coordinate the activities of work factors and control the member
performance. Organisational structure is shown in organisational chart.
Personnel involve in Construction
Personnel involve in construction are people employed in the construction industry as well as
undertaking construction work. They are contractors, construction professionals, skilled
tradespeople, semi skilled and unskilled construction labourers.
Construction Contractors
Construction Contractors are construction business managers selected through a bidding
process and assigned to a construction project during the design or once the design has been
completed. Contractors are selected by using one of three common selection methods: low-
bid selection, best-value selection, or qualifications-based selection. Construction contractors
are not necessarily construction professionals but are rather entrepreneurs interested in the
construction business profit making ventures.
Professional
Professional personnel often have higher education qualifications, usually graduate degrees,
and are trained to design and manage construction processes. These roles require more
training as they demand greater technical knowledge, and involve more legal responsibility.

 Builders are professionals trained to carry out building production management for new
building construction works, extensions, alterations, improvement, restoration,
modification or conversion including change of material involving the practice of
building shall be carried out by registered Builders. All building production
management documents such as Construction Methodology, Construction Programme,
Project Quality Management Plan, Project Health and Safety Plan.
 Architect – Will usually have studied architecture to degree level, and then undertaken
further study and gained professional experience. In many countries, the title of
"architect" is protected by law, strictly limiting its use to qualified people. An architect
carries out architectural designs of buildings and may oversee the construction of
building projects with other professionals.
 Civil engineer /Structure engineer – Typically holds a degree in a related subject and
may only be eligible for membership of a professional institution following completion of
additional training and experience. A structural engineer carries out structural design of
buildings and may oversee the construction of building projects with other professionals.
 Building services engineer – May also be referred to as an "M&E" and typically holds a
degree in mechanical or electrical engineering, a builder that specialises in building
services can also fit into this role . A service engineer carries out electrical and or
mechanical design of buildings and may oversee the construction of building projects
with other professionals.
 Project manager – Typically holds a 4-year or greater higher education qualification,
but are often also qualified in another field such as architecture, building, civil
engineering or quantity surveying. A project manager coordinates the activities of all the
building professionals in delivering a worthwhile building construction project.
 Quantity surveyor – Typically holds a bachelor's degree in quantity surveying. Also
undertakes further study and gained professional experience. A quantity surveyor is a
professional with expert knowledge on construction costs and contracts. They prepare bill
of quantities and cost estimate of building projects and works.
 Estate Manager - Typically holds a bachelor's degree in estate management. Also
undertakes further study and gained professional experience.
Skilled tradespeople
Skilled trades people have typically served apprenticeships (sometimes in labour unions) or
received technical training; this group also includes on-site managers who possess extensive
knowledge and experience in their craft or profession.
The following is a list of trades in construction.

 Carpenter, a craftsperson who performs carpentry, building mainly with wood. Among
carpentry's subsidiary trades are those of cabinet maker and
millworker, cladder, framer, joiner, deck builder, furniture maker, interior trim carpenter,
exterior trim carpenter, siding installer, and even a coffin maker. Carpenters unions
usually include drywall installer, lather (wire mesh molding), flooring installer, pile
driver, millwright (machinery installer), diver, and diver tender.
 Electrician, specializing in electrical wiring of buildings and related equipment.
Electricians may be employed in the construction of new buildings or maintenance of
existing electrical infrastructure; they can also install air conditioning and
telecommunication systems.
 Glazier, installs glass.
 Heavy equipment operator, a driver and operator of heavy equipment used
in engineering and construction projects. There are special function titles, such as
Bargeman, Brakeman, Compressor operator, Elevator operator, Engineer Oiler, Forklift
operator, Generator, Pump or Compressor plant operator, Signalman, Switchman,
Conveyor operator, Fireman, Skiploader operator, Helicopter radioman, Boring machine
operator, Boxman or mixerman, Asphalt plant engineer, Batch plant operator, Bit
sharpener, Micro tunnel system operator, Pavement breaker operator, Drill Doctor,
Drilling machine operator, Rotary drill operator, Canal liner operator, Canal trimmer
operator, and Concrete boom pump operator.
 HVAC Technician, specializes in installing air conditioning, heating,
and refrigeration systems.
 Insulation installer. Includes application of all insulating materials, protective coverings,
coatings and finishes to all types of mechanical systems. Also Hazardous Material
Handler (for HazMat see Laborer).
 Ironworker (or steel erector, often includes welder), erects or dismantles structural
steel frames. Structural steel installation is usually crane-assisted. Workers rely on
mobile, elevated platforms or scissor lifts. Ironworkers bolt the steelwork together using
various tools, power tools and manual tools. Metallic Lathers may be included in this
category.
 Laborer, a skilled worker proficient with pneumatic tools, hand tools, blasting, smaller
heavy equipment. Laborers may also assist other tradespeople.
 Linemen, high voltage line and substation construction and maintenance trade; includes
trade titles under power line technicians: Electrician, Digger Machine Operator,
Groundsman (unskilled electrician waiting to enter the apprenticeship).
 Mason, a tradesperson skilled variously in brick and blocklaying, concrete finishing (the
placement, finishing, protecting and repairing of concrete in construction
projects). Also stonemason, marble setter and polisher, tile setter and
polisher, terrazzo worker and finisher.
 Painter, a tradesperson responsible for the painting and decorating of buildings, and is
also known as a decorator or house painter. Also includes Paper Hanger.
 Pile driver, a tradesperson who installs piles, drills shafts, and constructs certain
foundation support elements.
 Plasterer, a tradesperson who works with plaster, such as forming a layer of plaster on
an interior wall or plaster decorative moldings on ceilings or walls.
 Plumber, a tradesperson who specializes in installing and maintaining systems used
for plumbing(drain systems), heating, drainage, fire fighting, potable (drinking) water or
small-sized industrial process plant piping.
 Sheet metal worker, also known as a Mechanical Worker, A person who installs
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems (HVAC), duct work, and exhaust
systems for kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, furnaces, etc. They also install gas lines
and gas piping to a variety of appliances in homes and different types of businesses.
 Sign display worker.
 Steel fixer ("ironworker" USA, also "rodbuster" USA/Australia), a tradesperson who
positions and secures reinforcing bars and mesh used to reinforce concrete on
construction projects This trade is usually included with Ironworkers.
 Welder, a tradesperson who specialises in welding.

Unskilled and semi-skilled workers and unskilled

Semi-skilled and Unskilled workers provide general site labour, often have few or no
construction qualifications, and may receive basic site training.