/

-6
14. (i) If [~ . -4
y
I !]
1
is a symmetric.mat~x
.

find x and y. ·
i
Q / X

(ii) If [ 1' t
~] :s a skew symmetric m~triX, find x, and i.

(iii) Discuss the type of A2 if A is a·sk~w symmetric matrix.

15. (i) Prove that the diagonal elements of a skew-symmetric _matrix are all zero.

(ii) If A and B are skew symmetric matrices of the same orqer, prove that AB+BA
i$, a symmetric matrix. · · · ·

16. Solve I~ :=I~ :1

·
17. Find
I~nA
.
oosAI. when A=5~.
-sin 8 cos 8 8 = 330

18. If 1::; : ;1=1~ .;1, findthevalueofx.

19. (i) If A=[: ~J thenfind K ff/2A/=KIA/, . .·

(ii) If A is asquare matrix of order 2 x 2 and IAl=-5, find 14AI ..

(iii) If A is a sauare matrix of order 3 such that IA'I = 5, find l2Aj.

20. (i) Using determinants, find A so that points (A, 7), (1, -5) and (-4, 5) are collinear.

/ 20. (ii) Show that points (b, c+a), (c, a+b) and (a, b+c) are collinear.

50
 /
I

2 l

l-t ;
2 3 -5
21 . lfA=[l 4
O 7 -2
91, B= ·

where A22 & B21 are cofactors of elements a 22 & b21 •

22 _ If A=[! ;]. find adj.A.

23. If A and B are square matrices of the same order 3, such that IAI = 2 and AB = 21,
write the value of IBI. ·

l
24. (i) Find the value of k, so that the matrix -:

sine - case)
l 4 2-k
2 3
j is singular

25 . .(ii) If A = [ C')S 0 _ sin 8 be a singular matrix, find the value of a when

ee [O, 2n].

26. If A= [ 0
1 21
find \A·
. 1
\, without actually finding A· 1
,
3

27. Determine the invertibility of the matrix

·
l-~ :~1
3 2 5

28. If A =[25 -2
2
), show that A-1 == _!_A
14

29. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and \adj A\ = 361, find \A\.

3
o. Using determinants, for what values of k, the following equations have a unique
solution?

2x - 7y = 21
Sx + ky = 7

51
r
5. If A=[-13 !], show that A2-SA+7I=0. Use this result to find A4. (4)

6. ~]. f(x) = x2-2x-3, find f(A). (2)

1 2 X
2 4 =0
II
7. Find x, if [x 4 11 0 (2)
2 -4 -1

8. If A-/J. B11 = -5 ?], verify that (AB)'= B'A' (2)

9. Prove that every square matrix can be uniquely expressed as the sum of a
symmetric an,j a skew symmetric matrix. (4)

10. Express the following matrices as sum of symmetric and skew symmetric matrices.

(a) f6
-4
3
8
6
5
3
5
(b)
4
6
1
3
5
2
7
-8
6

11. Let/!
//=/!
natural numbers.
12/. find the possible values of x and y, if x and y are (2)

12. Is x = -4 is a root of

X 2 3
Ll=1 1=0
X
3 2 X (4)

13. Find the value (s) of k if the area of the triangle with vertices
(-2, 0), (0, 4) and (0, k) is 4 square units. (2)

14. If A= u ;J
2
find ( A'f'
53
(4)
 number in the second group gives 13, while the combined strength of first and second
group is four times that of the third group. Using matrix method, find the number of
students in each group. ·
(6)

21. Using determinants

Prove that the points (a, b), (a', b') and (a-a', b-b') are collinear if ab'= a' b.
(2)

2
(a) Show that A = [3
. -31 s~tisfies the equation x -6x+', 7=0. Hence
2
22. 4
.
~l·
:

(b) . If A=[~ find x and y such thatA2~xl=yA. Hence findA-1•. (4)

23. , Ii A = (; !l n
A2 .... 5A + 41 + X = 0
find (A'-:-f,A + 41) and h•nce find a matrix X such that

(4)

' · SECTION A : .ANSWERS

1. (i) (a) .[21 54] (b) . [~ ~]

-2
1 9 25
-2 -31 0
1
3
2
(ii) (a) (b) 2 1
0 2 8 1
3. 3

2. a = -4 ' b = -10 ' c =0 k = 4 .

3.
[1230 0
42 0
0
~01
14
4.
li 11 2
-5

5.
[16
(i) O
0,
(ii) Zero matrix (iii) 0,
-3
2
49j

55
 6.
diag. (5, -7, 37]

7. (i) )( ::: 3,
y::: -4 [ -8 3
8.
(ii) - 13
-1
_sg]
(iii) -7
Order of AB ::: 1><1
Order Of BA ::: 3 )( 3

A:::[6
9.
. 3 ~l -! ~]
B ~[

11 .
8
10 12]
15
[: 12 18

->,...__
'

13. Symmetric matrix

14. (i) =-6, y =9

=4, y =-6, z.=0
X
(ii) (a) x (iii) It's a symmetric matrix
16. X=-1, 2
17. 1
. 18. X =2
19. (i) K = 4 (ii) -80 (iii) 40
20. (i) 'A.= -5
21 . -11

22. [_; ~]

23. 4

,r 3,r 5,r 7,r

24. k = 8 25
< ) 4' 4' 4 ' 4

26. 3 27. Not invertible

-35
29. ± 19 30. K*T

56
 SECTION B : ANSWERS

1. ' (8) a=1,b=2,c=3,d=4.

(b) a=2, b=1, c=3, d=5
(c) a=5,b=3

2. x=[: 2
1 ~]. Y=[~ 0
1 ~] , /
/

I -
3. -I
2
5.
4 -139
A - -55
55
-16
I
6. 0
7. X = -1, -2

1 - 3/2 1/2 0 912 9/2

-3/2 8 9/2 + -9/2 0 -,.3/2 ..,.._;:.
10. (a) ;;
1/2 9/2 5 -9/2 3/2 0 / .
,,._.
4 9/2 4 0 -3/2 3
9/2 5 -3 + 3/2 0 -5
(b)
4 -3 6 -3 5 0

11. X= 1, y = 8; X = 2, y = 4

12. Yes
13. (a) 8, O

14. (; -8

-5 -4 - 1
7 -:]
-2 19 -27
15. -2 18 -25
-3 29 -42

16. Party X
17. AB=6I, x= 2, y=-1, z=4.

57
 18.
(i}
a:::1 b- 1
• - - , C::: -2
(ii) . X :::::: 2 y :::::: 3, Z :::::: 5

(iii} X:::::::-2, Y::::::3, Z::::::1

19.
Gold :8gm
Silver : Sgm
Copper : 1Ogm
20. F· .
5
'~t Group::: , Second Group= 3, Third Group= 2

22. (a) A-,= TT"[~3 !) (b) x =8, y=8X' =¾ r=7

23.
[=: =; -~~].[: ;
-5 4 2 5 -4 -2
I~]
SECTION-2
-
I 1. Write lhe equation on using elementa,y row operation R, R, + 2R, in given matrix

equation[; :]=G ~] G~]

2. 1 2 3 12 3 4 3 5 7
(i} If 4 6 8 + 4 6 8 = x y z , find x and u.
1
5 1 3 513 uvw

r
2 4 3
(ii) Evaluate : 1 -81 2+ -1 1 . .:.2
5 1 2 10 2 4
6 \

\ \
\

ab bc+ca a-b b-c c-a

3. (i) Evaluate Ii be ab+ca (ii) Evaluate b-c c-a a-b
ca ab+bc c-a a-b b-c

1
4. Show that-+-+-+
1 1 1 ·,s the factor of the following determinant.
a b C

58
 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE

1. If IAdjAI = 64 where A is a 3x3 matrix, find !Al and 12Al-

2 f10d !3ABI-
. If Aand B are the matrices of order 3 and !Al = 5, 1B1=3, th er
the determinant
3· If the value of a third order determinant is 12, then find the value of
formed by replacing each element by its co-factor.

cosa. sina.1
4. If A= [ . and A-1 - A' find the value of a.
-sina. cosa. . - ,
3
3 7
5· If A is a square matrix such that A2 = 1 then find the value of (A-l) + (A+l) • A
. . '
6· If A is a 3x3 :nvertible matrix, then show that for any non-~ero sea '

invertible and (kAf1 =~A-

k
1

7 If . t · le with each side

· A(x,, Y,), B(~. y2) and C(~. y3) are verticles of an equ1latera1 nang
equal to 'a' units, then prove that

8. (a) If A = [ i !l use induction

n n(n +1)
1
2
to show that A" = 0 1 n , tor all ne N
0 0 1

)
(b) Prove by mathematical inducation that
I
(A')" =(A")', n e N for any s·quare matrix A.

64
9. Let A = [ _ !], then show that A2 - 4A + 71 = O. Using this result, calculate A5 also.

10. Final the matr:x A satisfying the matrix equation

[23 21] A [-35 -32] =[10 OJ1

11. Three schools A, Band C organized a mela for collecting fl'nds for helping the
rehabilitation' of flood victims. They sold handmade fans, mats and plates from
recycled material at a cost of ~25, ~100 and ~50 each. The number of articles sold
are given below

Article chool A B C

Hand-fans 40 25 35

Mats 50 40 50

Plates 20 30 40

Find the funds collected by each school separately by sellinr the above articles.
Also, find the total funds collected for the purpose.

12. If A= [a.]IJ
is a matrix of order 2x2, such that !Al= -15 and c..q represents the cofactor
.
of aii' then find a21 c21 + a22 c22 •

1 a ·a2
13. If ll = a a2 1 = -4,
a 2
1 a

a3 -1 0 a-a 4
0 a-a 4 a3 -1
then find the value of
a-a 4 a3 -1 0

65
 2 1 1
14. if A== 1 O formations and
1 , find the
0 2 -1 . inverse of A using .elementary row trans

hence solve the following matrix equation XA = [1 0 1]

15
· A school wantt. to award its students for the values of Honesty, Regularity and Ha rd
work With a total cash award of ~6,000. Three times the award money for Ha rd work
added to that given for Honesty amounts to ~11 ,000. The award money given for
Honesty and Hard WOrk togelher is double the one given for Regulanty. Represenl
the above
matrix ~itutation c!lgebraicc!lly ;:ind find the award money for each value, uSmg
method.

1
16
- if A == [;
1
-~]. find A-1 and use i: to solve the system of equations
1 1
IC
X + 2y + Z =4
'
-x+y+z=o
X - 3y + Z = 2

ANSWERS (Miscellaneous Exercise· 1)

1. IAI = :t 8, l2AI = :t 64
2. 405

3. 144

4. True for all real values of a.

5. A

10. [~ ~]

) 11 . n .ooo , ~6.125, ~7.875, f21 .ooo

I 12. -15

13. 16

66
14. [0 1 0]

15. Honesty : ~500, Regularity: ~2000, Hard work : ~3500

2
_1_-r:
16.
A-'~
10
0
1 -2 ;]

67
 MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISE - 2

Multiple Choice Questions A. .

3 15
1. If A and B are symmetric matrices of the same order, then A • B
'
: · atrix
(a) Symmetric matrix (b) Skew symmetnc m
(c) Diagonal matrix (d) Null matrix

2. The matrix A satisfying A [ ~] [ ! 1

] is

(a) [! -~] 3 -16]

(b) [ 6 -30

(c) [! ~:6] (d) [! 1]

3. If A = [~ ~] is a singular matrix, then x is equal to
· 1 1 1 '

~ (a) 3 (b)S (c) 9 (d) 11

/ If square matrix A is such that 3A3 + 2A2 + 5A + I= 0, then A 1 is equal to

(a) 3A2 + 2A + 51 (b) -(3A2 + 2A + 51)

(c) 3A2 - 2A - 51 (d) None of these

5. If a matrix A is both symmetric and skew symmetric, then

(a) A is a diagonal matrix (b) A is a scaler matrix

· A is a Null matrix (d) None of these ·

J- If A is a square matrix of order 3 such that A2 = 2A, then IAl 2 is equal to

(a) 21AI (b) 81AI

)
I (c) 161AI (d) 0

70
7. If A and B are two square matrices of the same order, then (A+B)2 =
N + 2AB + 8 2 can hold if and only if

r
(a) AB = BA (b) AB +BA= 0
(c) IABI * O (d) \AB\ = O

C is a 3 X 3matrix satisfying the relation C 2 + C = I, then c-2 is given by

(a} 2C (b)3C-1 (c) C (d) 21 + C

9. If A is a matrix of order mxn and B is a matrix such that AB' and B'A are both
defined, then order of B is
(a} m x m (b) n x n (c) n x m (d) m x n

.
r:l1 ~ ~1.a
3
1
then the value of \AdjA\ is equal to

(a) 5 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) none of these

~ e r t i b l e matirx, then which of the following is not trJe

(a) (A2 ( =(A-1 f (b) \ A -1 \ =\ A 1-1

(c) (ATf1 =(A- 1 f (d) \A\* 0

rA=[~
0
a
0
1 then the value of !Adj Al is

(a) a21 (b) a9 (c) a6 (d) a2

13. If A=[: : ]. then (l!diA) is

(8 ) [-d-c -b]
a
rd -b1
(b) L-c a
rd b1
(c) Lc a J

is an invertible matrix, then det (A- 1) is equal to

1
(a) det (A) (b) det(A) (c) 1 (d) none of these

71
 I

any 2•2 matirx, if A(adjA)=[~ ~} then IAI is equal to

1

(a) 20 (c) 10 (d) 0

(b) 100

II. Fill~e blanks

_A and B are square matrices of the same order 3, such that IAI = 2 and
AB = 21, then IBI·is ................. .... .

:: : : :matrix A = [ ; 1 is a diagonal matirx, the value of Y is .

\/'tA is a square matrix satisfying A'A = I, then, !Al = .................... ·

1 a b+c
19. Value of 1 b c+a is ..................... .
c a+b

6
20 f ~x 1 = 12, then x = .................... ..

~ a square matirx of order 2 and !Al = 4, then the value of 12AA'I

IS ..................... .

0 -3 5]
22. The value of the determinant
[-5 -4 0
3 O 4 is .................... ..

~ any 2>2 square matrix A, A(AdjA)=[~ ~]. ther• the value of IAI

. ;~,
IS ..................... .
-5), (-4, 5) and (x, 15) are collinear, then the value of x

-~ matrix A= r: ~] is a skew symmetrix matrix, then, x = .................... ..

y= .... .. .. ............ ..
72
-
h,
~ofthematnx[~ :]is ......................

of a, Is A, then a11 A11 + a1,A12 + a,,A13= ..................... .

square matrix A has inverse if and only if A is ..................... .

y A= [aJ is a 3x3 scalar matrix such that a11 = 2, then IAI = ................... •··

30. The sum of tw\J skew symmetric matrices is always ...................... matrix.

31. The product fo any matrix by the scalar (......................) is the null matrix. (write scalar)

32. If A is a skew syr11metric matrix, then A2 is a ...................... matrix.

33. If Ais a symmetric matrix, then B'AB is ...................... (symmetric/ skew symmetric)

34. Transpose of a column matrix is a ...................... matrix.

35. If A, B and C are three non-zero matrices of same order, find the condition on A such
that AB =AC B =C.

x+3
36. If the matrix [ x2
6-5x] is symmetric, find the value(s) fox.
0

/4 square matrix of order 3•3 such that IAI = 5, then find the value of IA-11-

38. Fin he equation of line joining the points A(3, 1) and 8(9, 3) using determinants.

. If A and B are square matrices of order 3 such that IAI =-1 and IBI =4, then what
is the value of 13 ABI?

A: !]findA'.
41. If A= [aJ is a 2x2 matrix such that a = i + 2j, write A.
11

42. If A is a square matrix, the.n write the matrix adj(AT) - (adjA)T.

/ , A = [~ ~] write the cofactors of the element a32 •

1 2 3 ·

73
' 1. b Answers
2. b 3. C 4. b 5. C
6. b
7. a 8. d 9. d 10. C
11. a 12. C 13. b 14. b 15. C
16. 4 17. Any value 18. ±1 19. 0 20. 2
21. 64 22. 0 23. 8 24. -10 ·
25. X = -3, y= Q

26. -~[-3
2 -2
-;o] 27. IAI 28. Non--singular
-

29. 8 30. Skew symmetric matrix 31. 0

32. Symmetric matrix 33. Symmetric 34. Row

35. A 1 exists 36. X -6, 1 37. -1 38. X = 3y 39. =108

5

40. [~1 :1] 41.[! !] 42. Null matrix 43. 11

74