UNIT 1 PLANTS

1.1 Photosynthesis
energy
Animals need to eat food to get their energy.

Green plants and algae make their own food in a process called oxygen
Photosynthesis
Importance of photosynthesis carbon dioxide
Maintaining levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in atmosphere sugar

WHAT plants need for photosynthesis:

• carbon dioxide water
• water
• light (a source of energy)

PRODUCED by photosynthesis: chloroplast

• glucose
• oxygen

Photosynthesis occurs inside plant cells, specifically in chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts contain a green substance called chlorophyll (absorbs light to conduct photosynthesis)
photosynthesis without light
UNIT 1 PLANTS
1.1 Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide : air via leaves Oxygen : released into air via leaves
Water : ground through roots Glucose : turned into other substances (starch and oils), which are used as an energy store.
Light : from Sun This energy can be released by respiration.

Glucose are sugars that belongs to carbohydrates.

Excess carbohydrates are stored in plants as starch

Relationship between Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXzN89I4_Yk

Testing a leaf for starch :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0s_xZqvwm_s Starch
UNIT 1 PLANTS
1.1 Photosynthesis

Process of
photosynthesis

Light energy from the sun hits

Photosynthesis is the process by the chloroplasts of a plant cell
which plants make their own food Water molecules are
Chemical inside the chloroplast, absorbed from the roots and
chlorophyll absorbs the energy transferred into the leaves

In summary
Sunlight + water + carbon dioxide
 glucose + oxygen

Carbon dioxide, sunlight and

Carbon dioxide enters the water helps to create glucose.
plant via tiny pores, stomata Oxygen exits the plant.
UNIT 1 PLANTS
1.2 Mineral salts for plants
FERTILIZERS : contains mineral salts (also found in soil but in low quantity)

2 MOST IMPORTANT MINERAL SALTS

Nitrogen Magnesium
Mineral salt Nitrates and ammonium ions Magnesium ions
Why needed • To make proteins (to produce cells) To make chlorophyll
• To make chlorophyll
Deficiency Weak growth, yellow leaves Yellow leaves
UNIT 1 PLANTS
1.3 Plants and water
Water for support
To stand upright (strong and firm)
Cells are closer to each other

Soft and floppy and Water for photosynthesis

collapses (wilted) Reactant in photosynthesis

Water for transport

Transporting salts
dissolved in water

Water for cooling

Water evaporates into air space in leaf
Evaporating water absorbs heat energy and
cools the surrounding and keep the plant cool
UNIT 1 PLANTS
1.4 Flowers
Function
Sexual reproductive organ of a plant

pollen grains
stigma
male gamete
anther style
stamen
reproduction (male) filament pollen tube
carpel
reproduction (female)
petal ovule
bright colour / scents female gamete
pollination (to attract birds / insects) ovary
sepal
receptacle
protection of flower buds
regeneration of flower organs
UNIT 1 PLANTS
1.5 Pollination 1.6 Fertilization
swimming sperms, cannot swim to find the egg
pollen grains cannot swim too
Fertilization
male gamete (nucleus)
Pollination ovule gradually move down, fuses with
transfer of pollen from anther to stigma change into seed female game in ovule

pollen from stamens sticks to a bee Formation of zygote,

as it visits the flower to collect nectar then divides into
embryo plant
spiky pollen
grains pollen
stigma
(male gamete) pollen tube
pollen gamete
style
moves

bee travels to another

same type of plant
Pollination method of plant pollen on the bee sticks/rubs tube grows out of pollen
Thru insects, birds, water and wind off to the stigma of flower grain down onto stigma
UNIT 1 PLANTS
1.7 Fruits
Importance
Avoid competition with the parent plant and similar plants
(for water, minerals and light)
fruit wall
pollen tube fruit wall
ovary ovule seed
eaten by animals

Ovule develops into seed in the ovary.

Then ovary slowly changes into fruit hooks on fruit
can
containing seeds. parachute float
shaped fruits

Seed
dispersal