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English
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Parallel Structures
English – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 6: Parallel Structures
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Writer: Jacquiline C. Balaquinto

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Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
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Office Address: Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur
Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672
E-mail Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph
 8
English
Quarter 3 – Module 6:
Parallel Structures

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Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Parallel

Structures!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent

learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help

learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their

needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module.

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to

manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist

the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the English 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Parallel

Structures.

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often

used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create

and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a

learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies

and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you fun and meaningful opportunities for

guided and independent learning. You will enable to process the contents of the

learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the

module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities

included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not

hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not

alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and

gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

This module is designed and written for you based on the Most Essential

Learning Competencies (MELCs). It is here to help and guide you in understanding

parallel structures and using them in sentences. At the end of this module, we hope

that you can make your sentences clear, emphatic and understandable. The scope

of this module allows it to be used in many different learning situations. We use

language that caters the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are

arranged following the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you

read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify what part of speech is the odd word in the list;

2. analyze sentences whether they follow correct parallelism; and

3. use parallel structures in sentences and paragraphs.

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 Let Us Try

PRE-TEST

MODULE 6

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a

separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the use of words or phrases that follows similar form and
logical arrangements?
a. antonym
b. synonym
c. parallelism
d. structuralism
2. Which of the following is true about parallelism? It is__________.
a. using words that are long and appealing.
b. forming sentences with words in the same meaning.
c. using similar form of words and grammar structure.
d. constructing sentences with imbalance and ambiguous meaning.

For items 3-5. Identify what part of speech/grammar form is the underlined word
in the sentence.

3. “Some drivers drive fast, hastily and recklessly.”

a. Verb
b. Noun
c. Adverb
d. Adjective
4. Studying, reviewing and to prepare are important to pass for the exam.
a. verb
b. gerund
c. infinitive
d. prepositional phrase
5. His hobby is playing basketball, listening to music, and dancing hip-hop.
a. verb phrase
b. noun phrase

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 c. infinitive phrase
d. prepositional phrase

For item 6-10. Identify the word/s in this sentence make/s it faulty in parallelism.
Write only the letter.

6. You may use the stairs, ride the escalator, or taking the elevator.
a. may
b. use
c. ride
d. taking
7. My teacher is reliable, hard-working and always dedicates herself to work.
a. teacher
b. reliable
c. hard-working
d. always dedicates herself to work
8. I was told to shut up, mind my own business, and to leave him alone.
a. told
b. mind
c. to shut up
d. to leave
9. It is good for you to eat healthy, sleeping early and exercise regularly.
a. good
b. sleeping early
c. to eat healthy
d. exercise regularly
10. Mr. President is known for his integrity, veracity and being generous.
a. known
b. integrity
c. veracity
d. being generous

For items 11-15. Use the correct form of words or phrases to make the sentence
parallel.

11. Playing sports requires hand-eye coordination, flexibility, and _____________.

a. concentrate
b. concentration

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 c. concentrating
d. to concentrate.
12. Glaiza was excited about inviting friends over, eating a good meal, and ___.
a. to play cards.
b. a game of cards.
c. playing a game of cards.
d. to be playing of some game cards.

13. Running, lifting, and ____________ are three of Roselle’s favorite exercises.
a. yoga
b. bicycling
c. racquetball
d. a spinning class

14. On weekends, I usually washed the dishes, ________ the floor and dusted the
mantel.
a. sweep
b. swept
c. sweeping
d. to sweep

15. The country needs transformative leaders, cooperative citizens, and

___________.
a. supportive officials
b. supporting officials
c. to support the officials
d. utmost support from the officials.

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 Let Us Study

Activity 1: The Odd One Out

Direction. Study the pictures below and encircle the one that is
different.

sad angry play

What was the odd one? If you answered play, then you were right since

sad and angry are both adjectives while play is a verb or an action. This time,

let us identify the odd one in the series of words.

Direction. Study the items in series. Identify the word that does not belong
to the group. Then, identify what part of speech.

Noun, Adjective,
Items in series Odd word
Adverb, Verb

fruits, rice, cook, meat cook verb

1. clean, walk, eager, hear

2. properly, regular, active, noisy

3. often, sometimes, never, usual

4. inform, persuade, explain, talkative

5. attitude, optimistic, funny, forgetful

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Were you able to identify the odd one in the series of list?

Good looking! You are being observant. How about what part of speech are the words
you identified?

Activity 2: Be Consistent!

Direction. Read the dialogue and answer the questions that follows.

Bored in the House!

Ben: (In a video call) Hello, Sarah! How have you been doing these days?

Sarah: Hello Ben! Not so great. I’m really bored in here.

Ben: Oh! What’s with the face? Staying at home is fun.

Sarah: Fun? I hope I can be that positive. Time passes so slow. I am just
lying in my bed, read newsfeeds, and to stare at my dog
all day!

Ben: Do you mean, “Lying in bed, reading newsfeeds and staring at your
dog?”

Sarah: Yes! That’s right. I really want to be productive these days but I don’t
know how.

Ben: Try different things. You can read books, listen to Webinars, and
watch news on TV. You can try Zumba, do arts, play board games
with family. There’s a lot of things you can do.

Sarah: Yeah right, it is just a matter of positivity, being creative and be

consistent of doing what you love.

Ben: Yes, “Positivity, creativity and consistency!”

Processing Questions:

1. What verbs are used by Sarah in her highlighted answer above?

a. lying, reading, staring
b. to lie, to read, to stare
c. lying, read, to stare

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 2. Are they consistent in form? Explain your answer.
a. Yes, the use of verbs is consistent because they are all verbs.
b. Maybe, verb forms are not clear. Their function may vary depending
on the use.
c. No, the verbs are not consistent because lying is progressive form,
read is in base form, and to stare is in infinitive form.
3. In the last lines of Ben, what part of speech are the highlighted words?
a. verb
b. noun
c. adjective
4. Which of the following statements is short, clear, and consistent in
structure?
a. “It is just a matter of positivity, being creative and be consistent of
doing what you love.”
b. “Positivity, creativity and consistency!”
c. “Be positive, be creative, and be consistent”

In this dialogue, John is consistent with his sentences by using the same
structure of words. We call this PARALLELISM or using PARALLEL STRUCTURES both
in writing and speaking.

Having trouble on parallelism? Do not worry, we will go through them one by

one as we go along with other parts of this module.

Parallel Structure, also known as Parallelism, is a balance within one or more

sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure,

like things in a list. The use of parallel structure is essential for good writing, helping

to add clarity and strength to your writing. In this lesson, we will focus on parallelisms

with the use of verbs, adverbs, gerunds and infinitives.

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Let us study some examples.
I am lying in bed, reading newsfeeds and staring at my dog all day.

The highlighted words are all VERB phrases and the

underlined words are verbs in similar structure (in –ing form).
This sentence follows PARALLEL STRUCTURE or
PARALLELISM. This makes a sense of balance, rhythm and
clarity of the sentence.

How about this? Does this sentence follow parallel structure? Notice the form of the
verbs used. Are they consistent in form, function or structure?

I am lying in my bed, read newsfeeds, and to stare at my dog all day!

Verb in -ing Verb in the Infinitive

form base form

You’re right. This has FAULTY PARALLELISM. How do we solve this problem?
Below are some examples and troubleshooting in order for you to make your
sentences parallel.

Instances of Parallelism
Activity 3: Try this!
A. Is the sentence parallel or faulty? Put a check a mark in Column A. If the
sentence is FAULTY, rewrite the sentence to make it parallel in the space
provided in Column B.

Column A Column B

___ Parallel Our school values respect, honesty, and being on time in classes.
___ Faulty
________________________________________________________________

___ Parallel
___ Faulty I really like a person who is tactful, reliable and has positive
outlook.

________________________________________________________________

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 Rule of Thumb

Here are some rules that will help you to make your sentences parallel.
1. Make sure that items in the list should be the same in grammatical
form or structure — Nouns with nouns, adjectives with adjectives,
adverbs with adverbs, gerund with gerunds, infinitives with infinitives.
2. Be careful while using coordinating conjunctions.
3. Observe parallel structure when elements are in a list or in a series.

https://www.brighthubeducation.com/esl-lesson-plans/49687-rules-of-parallelism/

Faulty: John was healthy, wealthy, and an athlete.

Adjectives Noun

TIP: Identify the items listed in the sentence. Analyze what grammatical
structure is used. Ensure that they are of the same structure. In this example,
healthy and wealthy are both adjectives and an athlete is a noun phrase.

Parallel: John was healthy, wealthy, and athletic.

Faulty: He put the model together neatly, accurately, and with a

great skill.
Adverb Preposition
phrase

TIP: In this example, neatly and accurately are both adverbs and with a great
skill is a prepositional phrase. Change the prepositional phrase to adverb to make
it parallel.

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Parallel: He put the model together neatly, accurately and
skillfully.

Faulty: Yesterday, Dennis did not turn off the lights, closed the
window and lock the door.

Verb in Verb in Verb in past

present tense present tense tense

TIP: In this sentence, the verbs are in different tenses. Remember to follow the
same tense of verb all throughout the sentence. To fix this, try to distinguish when
the action happened and then apply the same tense. For example—turn, close
and lock are all in the present tense.

Parallel: Yesterday, Dennis did not turn off the lights, close the
window and lock the door.

Faulty: I like hiking, dancing and to swim on weekends.

Gerund Infinitive

Gerunds are words that look like verb and end in –ing but functions as noun.

Infinitives are words that look like verb that function as noun, adjective or
adverb. It is formed by to+ verb.
TIP: To fix this, use all gerunds or all infinitives to make your sentence parallel.

Parallel: I like hiking, dancing, and swimming on weekends.

I like to hike, to dance and to swim on weekends.

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 Let Us Practice

Activity 4: Correcting Parallelism

Direction. A. Analyze the sentence below whether it has Correct or Faulty

parallelism.

Correct Faulty 1. My son loves video games, musical instruments

and soccer.
Correct Faulty 2. Jerry likes to play with ball, to jump rope and
running outside.
Correct Faulty 3. I saw a girl in a fancy red dress, high-heeled shoes
and shiny hair.
4. The president advised the people to stay at home,
Correct Faulty
spending time with family and to pray for the
country.
5. Grandpa usually walked carefully, move in a slow
Correct Faulty
manner, and sitting quietly in the park.

Direction. B. The following sentences have faulty parallelism. Underline the word
that makes the sentence faulty then rewrite the sentence and use parallel structures.

1. The room is spacious, cozy and not messy.

_____________________________________________________________________
2. To sleep and eating were his main occupations.
_____________________________________________________________________

3. I spent the vacation doing arts and learn piano.

____________________________________________________________________________

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 4. He started to eat healthy food, to exercise and sleeping on time.

____________________________________________________________________________

5. Mother always reminds me to clean my mess, save money and to study hard.

___________________________________________________________________________

Let Us Practice More

Activity 5: Staying Positive!

The dialogue below needs an application of parallelism. Underline the word that does

not follow parallelism. Then, rewrite the whole text in the box provided below.

Two months after lockdown. Joana is staring at the window and her daughter Mary
approached her.

Mother: It has been a long while now and your father still has no work. I
am starting to feel worried about how we can survive in the next few
days!
Mary: Ma, don’t think too much. Depression, anxiety and stressing
yourself is not good for your health.
Mother: I know. But, I cannot stop thinking, imagining and to see you
suffer.
Mary: Ma, don’t worry everything will be fine. Hang in there, we can
survive this.

Mother: Thank you Mary! You are always positive, enthusiastic and
showing great understanding on the situation. I love you.

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 Rewrite the dialogue here.

Let Us Remember

Correcting parallelism isn’t that difficult, right? You just need to make sure that

all the items in series are consistent in form and logical structure. You may need to

change or remove unnecessary words.

This time, let us gather all your thought together as you accomplish the graphic

organizer below.

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Activity 6: Parallelism Clarified!

Direction. Complete the paragraph below to express your understanding on

parallelism.

Definition Example

PARRELELLISM

How to apply it in
Why is it important?
sentences?

Let Us Assess

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a

separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following best defines parallelism?

a. It is the use of words that are artistic and appealing.
b. It is using words that has similar sounds at the end so as to create
rhyme.
c. It is creating a sense of balance by using similar structure of words
in the sentence.
d. It is the use of plain and simple words that does not compromise
meaning.

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For items 2-5. Identify what part of speech/grammar form is the underlined
word in the sentence.

2. Vegetables provide vitamins, minerals, and are low in fat.

a. verb
b. noun
c. adverb
d. adjective
3. My mom spent the weekend working in the yard, painting a door, and
to fix a cracked window.
a. verb
b. gerund
c. infinitive
d. prepositional phrase
4. Joseph likes people who are kind, thoughtful, funny, and when they are
rich.
a. verb
b. noun
c. adverb
d. adjective
5. The workshop explained how to speak clearly, to look skilled, and how
to ask for a raise.
a. verb phrase
b. gerund phrase
c. infinitive phrase
d. prepositional phrase

For item 6-10. Identify the word/s in this sentence that make/s it faulty in
parallelism. Write only the letter.

6. My teacher is reliable, hard-working and always dedicates herself to

work.
a. teacher
b. reliable

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 c. hard-working
d. always dedicates herself to work
7. To avoid sickness, you should eat fruits, drinking plenty of water, and
get enough rest.
a. eat
b. rest
c. enough
d. drinking
8. It is good for you to eat healthy, sleeping early and exercise regularly.
a. good
b. sleeping early
c. to eat healthy
d. exercise regularly
9. I find it very relaxing when I drink a cup of coffee, soak in a hot bath,
and listening to sweet music.
a. soak
b. drink
c. relaxing
d. listening
10. Oftentimes, the peer pressure can cause depression, stress and feeling
of anxiety to teenagers.
a. stress
b. pressure
c. depression
d. feeling of anxiety

For item 11-15. Use the form of words or phrases to make the sentence
parallel.

11. My favorite activities are to play baseball, to ride a bike, and ________.
a. surf the internet
b. surfed the internet
c. to surf the internet
d. surfing the internet

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12. Glaiza was excited about inviting friends over, eating a good meal, and
___.
a. to play cards.
b. a game of cards.
c. playing a game of cards.
d. to be playing of some game cards.
13. The hotel offers a cup of coffee, a hot bath, and ___________.
a. a costly meal
b. a delicious meal
c. a deliciously prepared food
d. an expensively range of menu
14. The country needs transformative leaders, cooperative citizens,
___________.
a. supportive officials
b. supporting officials
c. to support the officials
d. utmost support from the officials.
15. Yesterday, mom walked to the store, _____________ groceries and made
dinner.
a. purchase
b. purchasing
c. purchased
d. to purchase

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 Let Us Enhance

Activity 7: Make it Parallel!

Rewrite the following sentences below following the correct parallelism.

1. My son loves video games, musical instruments and to play

soccer.

2. Jerry likes a to play with ball, to jump rope and running outside.

3. I saw a girl in a fancy red dress, high-heeled shoes and long shiny
hair.

4. The president advised the people to stay at home, spending time

with family and to pray for the country.

5. Grandpa usually walked carefully, move a slow manner, and

sitting quietly in the park.

Let Us Reflect

Fantastic job! You have completed the activities and now equipped with knowledge

and skills on how to write sentences with correct parallel structures. You might still

think that there are a lot of rules to follow but as long as you remember that

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parallelism is a balance of the word structures in your sentence, then you will have

no problem. With this, I am certain that you will be able to use them in your writings.

Always remember that we want our thoughts and ideas to be well understood by

others so we have to make it clear and always follow parallelism. The instances in

parallelism that we discussed above are just some of the common mistake we commit

in writing. If you are confident that you master them, you always check for more

parallelism rules.

With all of these sets of knowledge that you’ve gained in using parallel structures, how

will these be useful in your daily life at present and for the future? How can these help

you and others become more responsible of the utterances about the information of an

issue?

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

__

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Answer Key to Activities

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References
ACCESS: How can I find credible sources? (2020). Retrieved 31 July 2020
https://paperpile.com/g/find-credible-sources/
ACCESS: Informative Brief Outline Sample. (2020). Retrieved 23 June 2020, from
http://www1.udel.edu/present/debbie/communication/ocf/outlines/pdf/In
formativeBriefOutline-Example.pdf
ACCESS: Informative Speech Rubric. (2020). Retrieved. 11 July 2020 from
https://www.natcom.org/sites/default/files/publications/InformativeSpeec
hRubric.pdf
ACCESS: Jennifer Bonyega. (2020). PubGeraldine Woods (2006): English Grammar
Workbook for Dummies. Indiana: Wiley Publishing, Inc.
ACCESS: The Power of Parallelism. (2020). Retrieved 12 June 2020, from
https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/the-power-of
parallelism/3406832.html
ACCESS: Parallel Form. (2020). Retrieved 28 July 2020, from
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/parallelism.html
ACCESS: Parallel Structure. (2020). Retrieved 22 June 2020, from
http://www.sfu.ca/~gmccarro/Grammar/parallel_structure.html
ACCESS: Parallelism - Definition and Examples | LitCharts. (2020). Retrieved
12 June 2020, from https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices- and-
terms/parallelism
ACCESS: 7.3 Parallelism | Successful Writing – Vennette. (2020). Retrieved
19 June 2020, from https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-fmcc-
writingforsuccess/chapter/7-3-parallelism/
Lawrence, S. (2014). Just the Basics of English Grammar (A Workbook for the
Common Writing Problems).

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur

Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

E-mail Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph

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