READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISE

Text 1

Tomatoes are full of nutrients and are an especially good source of antioxidants vitamins. In fact,
one serving of tomato will give you 40% of your recommendation daily allowance of vitamin C. Diets
rich in fruit and vegetable are associated with lowerrisks of many diseases and a diet which inludes
high intake of tomatoes has been shown to protect against prostate cancer. Tomatoes are by far the
richest source of lycopene, a powerful antioxidant. Lycopene is highest in processed tomato foods,
such as tomato puree, because they are concentrated.

1. The topic of the above paragraph is……………

A. The way to prevent getting various disease
B. The functions of antioxidant vitamins
C. The content of lycopene in tomatoes
D. Theirrecommended diets for healthy people
E. The benefit of including tomatoes in our diets
2. From the text we may conclude that………….
A. Only tomatoes are the source of powerful antioxidant called lycopene
B. Lots of tomatoes in the diets can prevent prostate cancer
C. Food rich in vitamin C can cure many disease
D. The best source of antioxidants is vegetables
E. Pcocessed fruits are much better than fresh fruits

Text 2

Tornadoes occur throughout the world, but for reasons that scientists are not fully able to recognize,
the great majority occur in the United States. Approximately 700 tornadoes a year occur within the
US, and this comprises three-quarters of the worldwide total. Most of the tornadoes take place in
the midwest and in the southern states that border the Gulf of Mexico. The most devastating
tornado on record occurred on March 18 1925, in the states of Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.
Traveling at an average speed of 60 miles per hour, the winds at the centre of the storm swirled
around at considerably more than 200 miles per hour. A total of 689 people died, and countless
more were injured, at the hands of this killer storm.

3. Which of the following is, according to the text, NOT well understood by scientists ?
A. Why 700 tornadoes occur annually ?
B. Why tornadoes mostly occur in the U.S ?
C. Why the gulf of Mexico is the source of tornadoes ?
D. Why tornadoes average sped is 60 miles per hour ?
E. Why the 1925 tornadoes were the most devastating ?
4. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about tornadoes ?
A. The cause of the great majority of tornadoes is known
B. Seven hundred tornadoes happen in the Gulf of Mexico every year
C. Missiouri, Illnois, and Indiana are the states free from tornadoes
D. There are less than 700 tornadoes happening in the world
E. More than 689 people were victims of the tornadoes happening in 1925
Text 3

In Marine habitats, a number of small creatures are involved in a ‘cleaning symbiosis. At least six
species of small shrimp, frequently brightly coloured, crawls over fish, picking off parasites and
cleaning injured areas. This is not an accidental occurrence, because fish are observed together
around these shrimp and stay motionless while being inspected. Several inspects of small fish
(wrasses) are also cleaners, nearly all of them having appropriate adaptations such as long snouts,
tweezer-like teeth and bright coloration. Strikig coloration probably communicates that these
animals are not prey.

5. The passage desribes…………

A. The activities of sea creatures in marine life
B. The difference in the cleaning activities of shrimp and wrasses
C. The helplessness of fish towards the colourfull shrimps
D. The way all sea creatures clean their environment
E. A symbiotic relationship in a marine habitat
6. Several species of fish are unlikely to be eaten by big fish because………….
A. They clean the parasites found in marine habitat
B. They saty motionless while being inspected
C. They are very brightly coloured cleaner fisfh
D. They have appropriate adaptation as cleaners
E. They usualy gather around other creatures

Text 4

Whether a tree is coniferous or deciduous, where it bears fruits or not, whether grows in the tropics
or in the temperature zone, every tree has three parts ; the roots, the trunk and the crown. The
roots the part of the tree underground, hold the tree firmly against windstorms and provide the tree
with food gathered from the soil. The trunk, which is the most important woody part of the tree, is
the body of the tree ; it carries the food from the roots to the branches. The crown of the tree
consists of the branches, the leaves, and the fruit of the tree. The leaves use the food sent from the
trunk for many purposes, one of which is a process called photosynthesis, the leaves absorb
carbondioxide from the atmosphere. The single progress is essential to human life because humans
breathe oxygen in order to exist.

7. The main information of the text is about…………..

A. The difference between coniferous and decidious
B. The climate in which difference types of trees grow
C. The common functions of the parts of any kind of tree
D. The description of the proces of photosynthesis
E. The usefulness of tree leaves to a human beings
8. Trees are very important for the life of human beings because………..
A. They protect human beings against windstorms
B. Their leaves produce carbon dioxide
C. The trunks distribute food to the roots
D. Photosynthesis absorbs carbon dioxide
E. They contribute oxygen to atmosphere

Text 5
 The Catastrophe called the Great Dying, which occurred between the Permian and Trissic
periods wiped out 90 percent of the plant’s marine life and 70 percent of all plant and animal life.
The most recent popular scientific belief about what caused it was the impact of a large object from
space, but the examination of sediment and fossil deposited at the time has led two groups of
scientists to revise this belief.
Animals and plants both on land and in the sea were dying at the same time and apparently from
the same causes –“too much heat and too little oxygen. “ said Peter Ward a University of
Washington paleontologist. In their research published in Science and express, the groups found
increased levels of sulphur and depleted oxygen in the ancient rock. Ward and his team of
researchers from the United States and South Africa thought that the sulphur came from continued
volcanic eruptions in an area known as Siberian Trap. The eruptions warmed the Earth, trapped the
sunlight, and depleted oxygen in the air.
At the same time, the Earth’s shifting tectonics plates lowered the levels of the ocean, exposing
seabeds and releasing methane trapped in the sediment there, further increasing the global
warming. The temperature kept rising so that it got hotter and hotter until it reached a critical point
causing everything to die. Temperature ariund the world rose 8 degrees, killing off olants which
served as food for animals, there by starving them. In addition, oxygen levels dropped to about 16
percent of the atmosphere, whereas levels today are at 21 percent.
Therefore, it is believed that the widespread volcanic eruptions that led to global warming was
likely the cause of massive extinction 250 million years ago, not the impact of an asteroid or comet.

9. The text tells us about………………

A. The extinction of global life
B. Research conducted by scientists
C. The effect of the shifting of tectonic plates
D. Prof. Ward the antropologist
E. The cause of the Great Dying
10. From the text we may conclude that the writer’s objective is to show the public that………….
A. The Great Dying occurred two hundred and fifty milion years ago
B. There is a new theory about the cause of the Great Dying
C. The enormous extinction on earth, was caused by the fall of the comet
D. It was during the Permian and Triassic periods that the earth changed
E. The Great Dying referred to the dying of marine life in the world
11. Which of the following is NOT the cause of the massive extinction million of years ago ?
A. Increased global warming
B. Sudden drop of high temperature
C. Gradual loss of oxygen
D. Widespread eruptions of volcanoes
E. High rate of sulphur emissions
12. What was most probably the cause of the Great Dying ?
A. Volcanic eruptions in the area called the Siberian Trap
B. The shifting of tectonic plates caused by terrible earthquakes
C. The publication of scientific researches in the US and South Africa
D. The founding of excessive amounts of sulphur and lack of oxygen in the ancient rock
E. The massive extinction of animal and plant life on the planet

Text 6

The view that women are better parents than men has shown itself to b true throughout history.
This is not to say that men are not of important in child rearing: indeed, they are most necessary if
children are to appreciate fully the role of both sexes. But women have proven themselves superior
parents as a result of their conditioning, their less aggressive nature and their generally better
communication skills.
From the time they are little girls, female learn about norturing. First with dolls and later perhaps
with younger brothers and sisters, girls are given the role of carer. Girls see their mothers in the
same roles so that it is natural that identify this as female activity. Boys, in contrast, learn
competitive roles far removed from what it means to nurture. While boys may dream of adventures,
girls, conditioning means they tend to see the future in term of raising families.
Girls also appear to be less aggressive than boys. In adulthood, it is men not women, who prove
to be the agressors in crime and war. Obviously, in raising children, a more patient, gentle manner is
preferable to be a more aggressive one. Altough there certainly exist gentle men and aggressive
women, by and large, female are les likely to resort to violence in attempting to solve problems.
Finally, women tend to be better communicators than men. This is shown in intelligence tests,
where females, or average, do better in verbal communication than males. Of course,
communication is of utmost importance in rearing children, as children tend to learn from and adopt
the communication styles of their parents.
Thus, while it is all very well to suggest a greater role for men in raising children, let us not forget
that women are generally better suited to the parents role.

13. The main information of the text is about…………….

A. The importance of men and women in child-rearing
B. The reluctant of men to play the role of parents
C. The reason why women are better parents than men
D. The superiority role of women in family
E. The different attitude in a family
14. Most women are good mothers because…………..
A. Brothers and sisters with whom they play
B. Had to learn about nurturing when they were children
C. Have never dreamed of adventures like boys
D. Are not to learn competitive roles
E. Have known the role of carer since childhood
15. The following are the general characteristics of men, except :
A. Agresssive
B. Adventuros
C. Impatient
D. Irresponsible
E. competitive

Text 7

Measles, a childhood disease, has caused sufferings to mankind for thousands of years.
However, the search for an effective measles vaccine, lasted two hundred years and has finally
ended in success. Now, for the first time, easels is a preventable disease. You may ask, 'How is
this important to children?
Every year measles kills twice as many Americans as polio now does. More children die from
measles than from any other common childhood disease. Also complications of some degree
occur in about one child out of six. Most complications include pneumonia and ear disorders.
Another after effect of measles - brain damage is less common, but it can have such serious
consequences that it deserves special attention.
Brain damage due to easels sounds like something far away from our experience. In reality,
it is no. Like any other injury, damage to the brain can be very slight or very severe. It is quite
possible that we have never seen or heard a child who has severe brain damage - the child
would either have died or would be in an institution. However, in medical research a relation
has been found between measles and such things as behavior problems, personality changes
and dulling of mental ability. For example, a child may be bad-tempered or a little slow to learn
after he has recovered from measles.

16. The main information of the text is that....

A. measles has been a disease for thousands of years
B. after 200 years of research an effective measles vaccine was found
C. measles is a serious disease greatly neglected in the past
D. a lot of research was done on the complications of measles
E. measles may have bad effects on children who get the disease
17. Which of the following statements is TRUE about measles?
A. The number of children in the USA killed by measles is smaller than that killed by polio
B. Medical research revealed that measles may cause brain damage
C. In the USA children with brain damage have all been measles patients
D. Research findings show that pneumonia and ear disorders may cause measles
E. Children who get measles will have pneumonia and ear disorders at the sometime
18. One of the important findings of the research on measles is that....
A. children who have got measles may become difficult to handle because of their
behaviour
B. in reality, there are no measles patients who get brain damage
C. personality changes already occur at the time a child has measles
D. measles can cause children to become physically handicapped
E. measles is the first killer of childhood diseases in the world
19. Which of the following in NOT an after-effect of measles?
A. Polio
B. Ear disorders
C. Personality changes
D. Slow learning
E. Pneumonia
20. 'or would be in an institution' (paragraph 3).
The underlined word means
A. an orphanage
B. a rehabilitation centre
C. a hospital
D. a company
E. a public school

Text 8

Alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly attractive as the energy crisis becomes
more severe. Solar heating systems, which use the sun's radiation as a source of energy, are a
promising alternative energy source- Nuclear power plants are already in operation in several
parts of the country. Government and private industry are even investigating the possibility of
capturing the power of ocean waves and tides for conversion into usable energy. Coal is once
again becoming an acceptable fuel as the nation searches for solutions to the energy shortage.
Even garbage is seen as a potential source of energy. In some communities, garbage is burned to
heat buildings and light-city streets.
21. The main information of the text is about....
A. the interest in alternative energy sources
B. potential solar heating systems
C. the operation of nuclear power plants
D. the search for energy from the sea
E. the use of coal to replace oil
22. Which of the following statements is TRUE about alternative sources of energy?
A. Garbage can be recycled into energy to run factories
B. The crisis of alternative energy sources becomes more severe
C. Energy from the sun seems to be potentially the best alternative
D. Coal is considered not suitable to replace oil
E. Private industries have succeeded in producing energy from ocean wave and tides.

Text 9

Often people who hold higher positions in # given group overestimate their performance,
while people in the lower levels of the group underestimate theirs. While this may not always be
true, it does indicate that often the actual position in the group has much, to do with the feeling
of personal confidence a person may have; Thus, members who hold high positions in a group or
feel that they have an important part to play in the group will probably have more confidence in
their own performance.

23. The topic of the text is....

A. the role of leaders in a group
B. self-confidence of group members
C. different positions in a group
D. the relation between high positions and self confidence
E. the attitudes of group members
24. From the text we may conclude that....
A. if we let people know that they are an important part of the group, they will become
ore self confident
B. people will get a higher position if they have great self-confidence
C. if people have high positions, they are confident that they perform better than others
D. people who hold low positions in a group often overestimate their performance
E. if people are given high positions, they will underestimate people of low positions

Text 10

In almost all developing countries, the lack of adequate supplies of cheap, convenient and
reliable fuel is a major problem. Rural communities depend" largely on kerosene, wood and
dung for their cooking and lighting needs. But kerosene is now priced out of reach of any people
and wood, except in heavily forested areas, is in short supply. The search for firewood occupies
a large part of the working day and has resulted in widespread deforestation.
Dung is in constant supply wherever there are farm animals and, when dried, it is
convenient to store and use. But burning dung destroys its value as fertilizer, thus depriving the
soil of a much needed source of humus and nitrogen.
Rural areas of developing countries are also plagued by a lack of adequate sanitation.
Improper waste disposal spreads disease, contaminates water sources and provides breeding
grounds for disease-carrying insects.
 The problems of improving environmental hygiene, conserving resources, and finding
alternative sources of fuel, may be unrelated. Their solutions, however, are not, as many
countries experimenting with biogas technology are discovering. Biogas, a mixture of methane
and carbon dioxide, is produced by the fermentation of organic matter. The process of
anaerobic fermentation is a natural one, occurring whenever living matter decomposes. By
keeping the matter - and the process - in a digester of biogas plant, the combustible gas can be
trapped and used as fuel for household lighting and cooking. The digested slurry that remains
can be used on the land as a soil conditioner arid fertilizer.

25. What are the two main problems mentioned in the text?
A. Pollution and the high price of fuel
B. Widespread deforestation and the use of dung
C. The lack of adequate fuel and. hygienic conditions
D. The lack of humus and nitrogen in the soil
E. Contaminated water sources and rural areas
26. What-is the text mainly about?
A. Socio-economic problems in developing countries
B. The process of producing biogas
C. The effect of burning dung on the soil
D. Biogas as a solution to many problems
E. The disadvantages of using dung as fuel
27. The disadvantage of traditional fuels used in developing countries is the they ....
A. reduce people's energy
B. are difficult to extract
C. C, make the soil poor
D. D, do not meet people needs
E. cause damage to the environment
28. The main factor causing the lack of adequate sanitation is ....
A. the domestic use of biogas
B. the great number of far animals
C. the pollution of water sources
D. the badly-managed waste disposal
E. the increase of disease-carrying insects
29. Why is the digested slurry of the fermented organic matter considered valuable?
A. It improves the quality of the soil for agriculture.
B. It increases the export from developing countries.
C. U is considered a relatively cheap fertilizer.
D. it is the best fertilizer in the world.
E. It can be used as fuel for cooking.

Text 11

Hurricanes generally occur in the North Atlantic from may through November, with the peak
of the hurricane season in September; only rarely will they occur from December through April
in that part of the ocean. The main reason for the occurrence of hurricanes during this period is
that the temperature on the water's surface is at its warmest and the humidity of the air is at its
highest.
Of the tropical storms that occur each year in the North Atlantic only about five, on the
average, are powerful enough to be called hurricanes, To be classified as a hurricane, a tropical
storm must have winds reaching speeds of at least 117 kilometers per hour, but the winds are
often much stronger than that; the winds of intense hurricanes can easily surpass 240
kilometers per hour.

30. The passage mainly discusses ....

A. the number of hurricanes in a year
B. the strength of hurricanes
C. the weather in the North Atlantic
D. hurricanes in a certain part of the world
E. hurricanes and disasters of the world
31. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. There are always hurricanes in the North-Atlantic all year round.
B. Extremely warm weather and high humidity can cause hurricanes.
C. Very strong winds are the result of hurricanes.
D. Hurricanes occur every month from May to November.
E. Tropical countries have a lot of intense hurricanes.

Text 12

United States. Sometimes accidents are caused bay bad weather. Ice or snow can make
roads very dangerous. Accident$ also can result from problems with the car. Even a small
problem like a fiat tire can be serous. Bad roads are another cause of accidents. Some accidents
are caused by drinking to much alcohol. In fact, this is one of the most important causes of
accidents.

32. What is the paragraph about?

A. Problems with car engines
B. Results of car accidents
C. The frequency of car accidents
D. Weather conditions in the US
E. Car accidents and their causes
33. Car accidents in the US are caused by the following,
A. drunken drivers
B. bad roads
C. unskilled drivers
D. icy roads
E. a flat tire

Text 13

There are three separate sources of hazard in the process of supplying energy by nuclear
power. The radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture at the power station.
Although the power stations themselves are solidly built, the containers used for the transport
of the materials are not. There are normally only two methods of transport available, namely
road or rail. Unfortunately, both of these involve close contact with the general public, since the
routes are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas.
Next, there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most
cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these wastes non
radioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have in
vented. For example they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into abandoned mines,
or sunk in the sea. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake
could easily crack the containers open.
Finally, there is the problem of accidental exposure due to a leak or an explosion at the
power station. As with the other two hazards, this is not every likely, so it does not provide a
serious objection to the nuclear program. Nevertheless, it can happen.
Separately, these there types of risks are not a great cause for concern. On the whole
though, the probability of disaster is still high.

34. The whole text tells us about …..

A. the danger of transporting radioactive materials
B. the way to make radioactive wastes not dangerous for people
C. the potential dangers in supplying energy by nuclear power
D. the accidents caused by nuclear power stations
E. people's objections to the establishment of nuclear stations
35. What makes the transported of radioactive materials dangerously for people's lives?
A. The road
B. The containers
C. The rail
D. The power station
E. The heavily populated areas
36. Which of the following statement is TRUE about radioactive wastes?
A. There will be no more danger when radioactive wastes are buried underground.
B. There is no chance of saving people's lives from radioactive wastes.
C. Radioactive wastes become non-radioactive when they are sunk in the sea.
D. Only earthquakes can change radioactive wastes into non-radioactive wastes.
E. Natural disasters may cause very serious leaks in buried containers of radioactive
wastes.
37. In spite of the problems which are likely at occur in supplying energy by nuclear power, the
writer thinks that
A. people will strongly object to it
B. the probability of disaster is high
C. hazards should be rigidly controlled
D. it's worth conducting nuclear programs
E. there is a great cause for concern
38. We may conclude from the third paragraph that the problem of accidental exposure is
caused by …
A. human error
B. an earthquake
C. radioactive wastes
D. hazards
E. bad design of the nuclear station

Text 14

Among the various effects of air pollution, climatic change are slow, the deterioration of
health is insidious, and the damage to plants, animals, or materials seems remote to those not
directly involved. But smoke is visible to all, and the stinks of sulfides are all over. As a result,
most complaints by individuals to air pollution agencies refer to something that can be seen or
smelled.

39. What is the main idea of the paragraph?

A. The effect of air pollution on people's lives can be direct and indirect.
B. People are not directly affected by the damage of plant and animals.
C. People complain about all the pollutants in the air.
D. Climatic change does not immediately have an effect on people's lives.
E. Complaints by individuals have been made to pollution agencies.
40. The main information about at the paragraph is ….
A. the danger of air pollution
B. the slow climatic change
C. the effects of air pollution
D. wastes emitted by air pollution
E. complaints about air pollution

Text 15

Both the sun and the moon appear larger when they are rising or setting, although the are is
no real difference in the distance they are from the earth. This perceptional phenomenon,
known as the "Moon illusion." has been studied over, the years. Various explanations, including
the muscle strain for the person looking up and the comparison of the moon with other things
on the horizon that make it appear larger, have been disputed by scientists, but thus far there is
no widely accepted explanation of the phenomenon.

41. What is at the topic of the passage?

A. Perceived sizes of the sun and moon
B. Comparison of objects on the horizon
C. Perceptions of distance
D. The rising and the setting of the sun and the moon
E. The "Moon illusion"
42. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the "Moon illusion"?
A. Through various experiments scientists discovered the causes of "Moon illusion". .
B. Although the phenomenon has been studied for years, scientists don't agree about its
cause.
C. The already known distance of the sun and moon from the earth explains the "Moon
illusion".
D. All the answers to at the question of what causes, the phenomenon are the same.
E. Scientists do not think that the mystery of at the "Moon illusion" can be solved.

Text 16

Most large companies do not know how to make the best use of clever people. Employees
who criticize the old ways of doing things and want to try out new ideas are disliked both by
their colleagues and by their bosses Comments like 'They wouldn't listen to
me' or 'I kept presenting new product ideas, only to hear nothing' are typical of many a
manager who become an entrepreneur. All of this causes frustration, which can quickly lead t
boredom. Often, middle managers start to think; 'Only another 30 more years of working may
way to retirement At this point, they want to find a way out.
 They need to get away from a job that is no longer attractive. So they decide to set up on
their own. But the need something else, too: the challenge of taking risks. They are like people
who climb a mountain by the most dangerous route. Entrepreneurial types need to try out new
things without knowing whether they will succeed o fail. They also want to prove that they can
make it without big company support.
As well as motivation, most successful entrepreneurs have a number of personal
characteristics in common The first is self-confidence, the feeling of certainty that you have got
the skills, knowledge and energy to build u; your own business. There is also stubbornness, the
determination to prove to the boss who rejected your ideas the they were good ideas which
can*be made to work. Possessing this quality means that you won't give up: you have to make
your ideas work.

43. The main information of the text is about ….

A. why a manager prefers to set up his own business
B. how large companies treat their managers
C. when a manager wants to retire from the company
D. what kind of new ideas a manager gives to his company
E. why a manager thinks it is important to criticize the company

44. Many managers like to become an entrepreneur because …..

A. they will no longer obey the company rules
B. they get frustrated of being criticized
C. their new ideas are rejected by their superiors
D. they Have been managers for thirty years
E. they dislike their colleagues and bosses
45. We may conclude that a manager who becomes a entrepreneur is a person who ….. .
A. wants to have a large income
B. likes to climb high mountains
C. does not need any support from others
D. dares to take the risk of failure
E. always makes changes to the environment
46. An entrepreneur is expected to be all of the following.
EXCEPT ___.
A. motivated
B. confident
C. determined
D. ambitious
E. hesitant

Text 17

Cameroon is a West African country often million people which has been very successful in
growing food for it people, unlike many other West African countries. Since 1971 it has doubled
its output of major foodstuffs such a maize and potatoes. Now it is one of the few African
countries able to feed itself. This was not the case five years ago when the country was only 75-
80% self-sufficient in food. Although isolated pockets of hunger still remain, the World Bank
nowadays gives Cameroon money to sustain, not to achieve, self-sufficiency in food production.

47. The text tells us about …..

 A. West African countries
B. Cameroon's ability to feed its people
C. major foodstuffs in West Africa
D. Cameroon's food production
E. food self-sufficiency
48. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Cameroon?
A. The World Bank financially supports Cameroon to maintain its self-sufficiency.
B. Cameroon is the biggest and richest country among West African countries.
C. It was the World Bank which financed the production of food in Cameroon.
D. Similar to other West African countries Cameroon has always been self-sufficient.
E. Cameroon has succeeded in its food production because of the fertility of its soil.

Text 18

Continued progress in advanced technology is not necessary. Already the technical progress
in our world ha caused severe pollution in the air and in the water. Although the technical
progress in previous years has been helpful recent technology has significantly increased
pollution. Another reason to stop technical progress is that many inventions which were
developed for good causes are now also used for powerful weapons or have been found to have
serious side effects. For example, pesticide put inside particle boards to prevent termites has
now been found to be toxic to human life. Technology does not always bring good effects; for
example, computers do much work faster than man. but then man loses his job to a machine.
Because no man can guarantee that technology will have only good effects and will be used only
for the benefit of man, we should delay the continued development of technology.

49. The author's purpose in writing this paragraph is …..

A. to describe pollution caused by advanced technology
B. to show how advantageous advanced technology is for human beings
C. to have people stop developing advanced technology
D. to explain what further inventions in technology should be made
E. to make people implement advanced technology
50. Advanced technology has made people's lives more comfortable; nevertheless, …..
A. it is causing a lot of damage to the environment
B. many inventions were developed for good causes
C. it helps people to kill termites through pesticides
D. many people are no longer unemployed
E. it is useful and beneficial to people

Text 19

There are three separate sources of hazard in the process of supplying energy by nuclear
power. The radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture at the power station.
Although the power stations themselves are solidly built, the containers used for the transport
of the materials are not. There are normally only two methods of transport available, namely
road or rail. Unfortunately, both of these involve close contact with the general public, since the
routes are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas.
Next, there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most
cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these wastes non
radioactive, and so they must be stored in one of the inconvenient ways that scientists have in
vented. For example they may be buried under the ground, or dropped into abandoned mines,
or sunk in the sea. However, these methods do not solve the problem, since an earthquake
could easily crack the containers open.
Finally, there is the problem of accidental exposure due to a leak or an explosion at the
power station. As with the other two hazards, this is not every likely, so it does not provide a
serious objection to the nuclear program. Nevertheless, it can happen.
Separately, these there types of risks are not a great cause for concern. On the whole
though, the probability of disaster is still high.

51. The whole text tells us about …..

A. the danger of transporting radioactive materials
B. the way to make radioactive wastes not dangerous for people
C. the potential dangers in supplying energy by nuclear power
D. the accidents caused by nuclear power stations
E. people's objections to the establishment of nuclear stations
52. What makes the transported of radioactive materials dangerously for people's lives?
A. The road
B. The containers
C. The rail
D. The power station
E. The heavily populated areas
53. Which of the following statement is TRUE about radioactive wastes?
A. There will be no more danger when radioactive wastes are buried underground.
B. There is no chance of saving people's lives from radioactive wastes.
C. Radioactive wastes become non-radioactive when they are sunk in the sea.
D. Only earthquakes can change radioactive wastes into non-radioactive wastes.
E. Natural disasters may cause very serious leaks in buried containers of radioactive
wastes.
54. In spite of the problems which are likely at occur in supplying energy by nuclear power, the
writer thinks that
A. people will strongly object to it
B. the probability of disaster is high
C. hazards should be rigidly controlled
D. it's worth conducting nuclear programs
E. there is a great cause for concern
55. We may conclude from the third paragraph that the problem of accidental exposure is
caused by…
A. human error
B. an earthquake
C. radioactive wastes
D. hazards
E. bad design of the nuclear station

Text 20

Hurricanes generally occur in the North Atlantic from may through November, with the peak
of the hurricane season in September; only rarely will they occur from December through April
in that part of the ocean. The main reason for the occurrence of hurricanes during this period is
that the temperature on the water's surface is at its warmest and the humidity of the air is at its
highest.
Of the tropical storms that occur each year in the North Atlantic only about five, on the
average, are powerful enough to be called hurricanes, To be classified as a hurricane, a tropical
storm must have winds reaching speeds of at least 117 kilometers per hour, but the winds are
often much stronger than that; the winds of intense hurricanes can easily surpass 240
kilometers per hour.

56. The passage mainly discusses ....

A. the number of hurricanes in a year
B. the strength of hurricanes
C. the weather in the North Atlantic
D. hurricanes in a certain part of the world
E. hurricanes and disasters of the world
57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A. There are always hurricanes in the North-Atlantic all year round.
B. Extremely warm weather and high humidity can cause hurricanes.
C. Very strong winds are the result of hurricanes.
D. Hurricanes occur every month from May to November.
E. Tropical countries have a lot of intense hurricanes.

Text 21

Among the various effects of air pollution, climatic change are slow, the deterioration of
health is insidious, and the damage to plants, animals, or materials seems remote to those not
directly involved. But smoke is visible to all, and the stinks of sulfides are all over. As a result,
most complaints by individuals to air pollution agencies refer to something that can be seen or
smelled.

58. What is the main idea of the paragraph?

A. The effect of air pollution on people's lives can be direct and indirect.
B. People are not directly affected by the damage of plant and animals.
C. People complain about all the pollutants in the air.
D. Climatic change does not immediately have an effect on people's lives.
E. Complaints by individuals have been made to pollution agencies.
59. The main information about at the paragraph is ….
A. the danger of air pollution
B. the slow climatic change
C. the effects of air pollution
D. wastes emitted by air pollution
E. complaints about air pollution

Text 22

Continued progress in advanced technology is not necessary. Already the technical progress
in our world ha caused severe pollution in the air and in the water. Although the technical
progress in previous years has been helpful recent technology has significantly increased
pollution. Another reason to stop technical progress is that many inventions which were
developed for good causes are now also used for powerful weapons or have been found to have
serious side effects. For example, pesticide put inside particle boards to prevent termites has
now been found to be toxic to human life. Technology does not always bring good effects; for
example, computers do much work faster than man. but then man loses his job to a machine.
Because no man can guarantee that technology will have only good effects and will be used only
for the benefit of man, we should delay the continued development of technology.

60. The author's purpose in writing this paragraph is …..

A. to describe pollution caused by advanced technology
B. to show how advantageous advanced technology is for human beings
C. to have people stop developing advanced technology
D. to explain what further inventions in technology should be made
E. to make people implement advanced technology
61. Advanced technology has made people's lives more comfortable; nevertheless, …..
A. it is causing a lot of damage to the environment
B. many inventions were developed for good causes
C. it helps people to kill termites through pesticides
D. many people are no longer unemployed
E. it is useful and beneficial to people

Text 23

Alternative energy sources are becoming increasingly attractive as the energy crisis becomes
more severe. Solar heating systems, which use the sun's radiation as a source of energy, are a
promising alternative energy source- Nuclear power plants are already in operation in several
parts of the country. Government and private industry are even investigating the possibility of
capturing the power of ocean waves and tides for conversion into usable energy. Coal is once
again becoming an acceptable fuel as the nation searches for solutions to the energy shortage.
Even garbage is seen as a potential source of energy. In some communities, garbage is burned to
heat buildings and light-city streets.

62. The main information of the text is about....

A. the interest in alternative energy sources
B. potential solar heating systems
C. the operation of nuclear power plants
D. the search for energy from the sea
E. the use of coal to replace oil
63. Which of the following statements is TRUE about alternative sources of energy?
A. Garbage can be recycled into energy to run factories
B. The crisis of alternative energy sources becomes more severe
C. Energy from the sun seems to be potentially the best alternative
D. Coal is considered not suitable to replace oil
E. Private industries have succeeded in producing energy from ocean wave and tides.

Text 24

United States. Sometimes accidents are caused bay bad weather. Ice or snow can make
roads very dangerous. Accident$ also can result from problems with the car. Even a small
problem like a fiat tire can be serous. Bad roads are another cause of accidents. Some accidents
are caused by drinking to much alcohol. In fact, this is one of the most important causes of
accidents.

64. What is the paragraph about?

A. Problems with car engines
B. Results of car accidents
C. The frequency of car accidents
D. Weather conditions in the US
E. Car accidents and their causes
65. Car accidents in the US are caused by the following,
A. drunken drivers
B. bad roads
C. unskilled drivers
D. icy roads
E. a flat tire

Text 25

In almost all developing countries, the lack of adequate supplies of cheap, convenient and
reliable fuel is a major problem. Rural communities depend" largely on kerosene, wood and
dung for their cooking and lighting needs. But kerosene is now priced out of reach of any people
and wood, except in heavily forested areas, is in short supply. The search for firewood occupies
a large part of the working day and has resulted in widespread deforestation.
Dung is in constant supply wherever there are farm animals and, when dried, it is
convenient to store and use. But burning dung destroys its value as fertilizer, thus depriving the
soil of a much needed source of humus and nitrogen.
Rural areas of developing countries are also plagued by a lack of adequate sanitation.
Improper waste disposal spreads disease, contaminates water sources and provides breeding
grounds for disease-carrying insects.
The problems of improving environmental hygiene, conserving resources, and finding
alternative sources of fuel, may be unrelated. Their solutions, however, are not, as many
countries experimenting with biogas technology are discovering. Biogas, a mixture of methane
and carbon dioxide, is produced by the fermentation of organic matter. The process of
anaerobic fermentation is a natural one, occurring whenever living matter decomposes. By
keeping the matter - and the process - in a digester of biogas plant, the combustible gas can be
trapped and used as fuel for household lighting and cooking. The digested slurry that remains
can be used on the land as a soil conditioner arid fertilizer.

66. What are the two main problems mentioned in the text?
A. Pollution and the high price of fuel
B. Widespread deforestation and the use of dung
C. The lack of adequate fuel and. hygienic conditions
D. The lack of humus and nitrogen in the soil
E. Contaminated water sources and rural areas
67. What-is the text mainly about?
A. Socio-economic problems in developing countries
B. The process of producing biogas
C. The effect of burning dung on the soil
D. Biogas as a solution to many problems
 E. The disadvantages of using dung as fuel
68. The disadvantage of traditional fuels used in developing countries is the they ....
A. reduce people's energy
B. are difficult to extract
C. C, make the soil poor
D. D, do not meet people needs
E. cause damage to the environment

69. The main factor causing the lack of adequate sanitation is ....
A. the domestic use of biogas
B. the great number of far animals
C. the pollution of water sources
D. the badly-managed waste disposal
E. the increase of disease-carrying insects
70. Why is the digested slurry of the fermented organic matter considered valuable?
A. It improves the quality of the soil for agriculture.
B. It increases the export from developing countries.
C. U is considered a relatively cheap fertilizer.
D. it is the best fertilizer in the world.
E. It can be used as fuel for cooking.

Text 26

Measles, a childhood disease, has caused sufferings to mankind for thousands of years.
However, the search for an effective measles vaccine, lasted two hundred years and has finally
ended in success. Now, for the first time, easels is a preventable disease. You may ask, 'How is
this important to children?
Every year measles kills twice as many Americans as polio now does. More children die from
measles than from any other common childhood disease. Also complications of some degree
occur in about one child out of six. Most complications include pneumonia and ear disorders.
Another after effect of measles - brain damage is less common, but it can have such serious
consequences that it deserves special attention.
Brain damage due to easels sounds like something far away from our experience. In reality,
it is no. Like any other injury, damage to the brain can be very slight or very severe. It is quite
possible that we have never seen or heard a child who has severe brain damage - the child
would either have died or would be in an institution. However, in medical research a relation
has been found between measles and such things as behavior problems, personality changes
and dulling of mental ability. For example, a child may be bad-tempered or a little slow to learn
after he has recovered from measles.

71. The main information of the text is that....

A. measles has been a disease for thousands of years
B. after 200 years of research an effective measles vaccine was found
C. measles is a serious disease greatly neglected in the past
D. a lot of research was done on the complications of measles
E. measles may have bad effects on children who get the disease
72. Which of the following statements is TRUE about measles?
A. The number of children in the USA killed by measles is smaller than that killed by polio
B. Medical research revealed that measles may cause brain damage
 C. In the USA children with brain damage have all been measles patients
D. Research findings show that pneumonia and ear disorders may cause measles
E. Children who get measles will have pneumonia and ear disorders at the sometime
73. One of the important findings of the research on measles is that....
A. children who have got measles may become difficult to handle because of their
behaviour
B. in reality, there are no measles patients who get brain damage
C. personality changes already occur at the time a child has measles
D. measles can cause children to become physically handicapped
E. measles is the first killer of childhood diseases in the world
74. "Which of the following in NOT an after-effect of measles?
A. Polio
B. Ear disorders
C. Personality changes
D. Slow learning
E. Pneumonia
75. 'or would be in an institution' (paragraph 3).
The underlined word means
A. an orphanage
B. a rehabilitation centre
C. a hospital
D. a company
E. a public school

Text 27

Both the sun and the moon appear larger when they are rising or setting, although the are is
no real difference in the distance they are from the earth. This perceptional phenomenon,
known as the "Moon illusion." has been studied over, the years. Various explanations, including
the muscle strain for the person looking up and the comparison of the moon with other things
on the horizon that make it appear larger, have been disputed by scientists, but thus far there is
no widely accepted explanation of the phenomenon.

76. What is at the topic of the passage?

A. Perceived sizes of the sun and moon
B. Comparison of objects on the horizon
C. Perceptions of distance
D. The rising and the setting of the sun and the moon
E. The "Moon illusion"
77. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the "Moon illusion"?
A. Through various experiments scientists discovered the causes of "Moon illusion". .
B. Although the phenomenon has been studied for years, scientists don't agree about its
cause.
C. The already known distance of the sun and moon from the earth explains the "Moon
illusion".
D. All the answers to at the question of what causes, the phenomenon are the same.
E. Scientists do not think that the mystery of at the "Moon illusion" can be solved.

Text 28
 Cameroon is a West African country often million people which has been very successful in
growing food for it people, unlike many other West African countries. Since 1971 it has doubled
its output of major foodstuffs such a maize and potatoes. Now it is one of the few African
countries able to feed itself. This was not the case five years ago when the country was only 75-
80% self-sufficient in food. Although isolated pockets of hunger still remain, the World Bank
nowadays gives Cameroon money to sustain, not to achieve, self-sufficiency in food production.

78. The text tells us about …..

A. West African countries
B. Cameroon's ability to feed its people
C. major foodstuffs in West Africa
D. Cameroon's food production
E. food self-sufficiency
79. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Cameroon?
A. The World Bank financially supports Cameroon to maintain its self-sufficiency.
B. Cameroon is the biggest and richest country among West African countries.
C. It was the World Bank which financed the production of food in Cameroon.
D. Similar to other West African countries Cameroon has always been self-sufficient.
E. Cameroon has succeeded in its food production because of the fertility of its soil.

Text 29

Often people who hold higher positions in # given group overestimate their performance,
while people in the lower levels of the group underestimate theirs. While this may not always be
true, it does indicate that often the actual position in the group has much, to do with the feeling
of personal confidence a person may have; Thus, members who hold high positions in a group or
feel that they have an important part to play in the group will probably have more confidence in
their own performance.

80. The topic of the text is....

A. the role of leaders in a group
B. self-confidence of group members
C. different positions in a group
D. the relation between high positions and self confidence
E. the attitudes of group members

81. From the text we may conclude that....

A. if we let people know that they are an important part of the group, they will become
ore self confident
B. people will get a higher position if they have great self-confidence
C. if people have high positions, they are confident that they perform better than others
D. people who hold low positions in a group often overestimate their performance
E. if people are given high positions, they will underestimate people of low positions

Text 30
 Most large companies do not know how to make the best use of clever people. Employees
who criticize the old ways of doing things and want to try out new ideas are disliked both by
their colleagues and by their bosses Comments like 'They wouldn't listen to
me' or 'I kept presenting new product ideas, only to hear nothing' are typical of many a
manager who become an entrepreneur. All of this causes frustration, which can quickly lead t
boredom. Often, middle managers start to think; 'Only another 30 more years of working may
way to retirement At this point, they want to find a way out.
They need to get away from a job that is no longer attractive. So they decide to set up on
their own. But the need something else, too: the challenge of taking risks. They are like people
who climb a mountain by the most dangerous route. Entrepreneurial types need to try out new
things without knowing whether they will succeed o fail. They also want to prove that they can
make it without big company support.
As well as motivation, most successful entrepreneurs have a number of personal
characteristics in common The first is self-confidence, the feeling of certainty that you have got
the skills, knowledge and energy to build u; your own business. There is also stubbornness, the
determination to prove to the boss who rejected your ideas the they were good ideas which
can*be made to work. Possessing this quality means that you won't give up: you have to make
your ideas work.

82. The main information of the text is about ….

A. why a manager prefers to set up his own business
B. how large companies treat their managers
C. when a manager wants to retire from the company
D. what kind of new ideas a manager gives to his company
E. why a manager thinks it is important to criticize the company
83. Many managers like to become an entrepreneur because …..
A. they will no longer obey the company rules
B. they get frustrated of being criticized
C. their new ideas are rejected by their superiors
D. they Have been managers for thirty years
E. they dislike their colleagues and bosses
84. We may conclude that a manager who becomes a entrepreneur is a person who ….. .
A. wants to have a large income
B. likes to climb high mountains
C. does not need any support from others
D. dares to take the risk of failure
E. always makes changes to the environment
85. An entrepreneur is expected to be all of the following. EXCEPT ___.
A. motivated
B. confident
C. determined
D. ambitious
E. hesitant

Text 31

A magazine is a periodical containing a variety of articles and general illustration of an entertaining

or an instructive nature. Magazines are designed to be of interest either to the general public or
groups of people with specialized subject matters. The essential difference between the magazine
and the newspaper is a physical one: the magazine is smaller in size and often bound in pamphlet
form.

Magazine production involves teamwork. This means that many people have to work together to
produce the magazine you have in your hand. But one key person is the magazine editor. If some
one has a manuscript he wants to publish, he will send or submit it to the editor of the magazine he
likes. The magazine editor, usually the editor-in-chief, will read it and make recommendation so that
the manuscript can be published. Another task of a magazine editor is to consider whether the
article will be part of series. Will it have photographs or illustration? will it be in full color, two or
three colors, or black and white? Once the decision is made, the work of an illustrator or
photographer begins. Preparing manuscripts for the magazine is hard work to do. After everything is
all right, they are sent to the typesetters. When the galleys (or typeset text) come back, they must be
carefully read. This is the job of a proofreader to find out whether or not there are mistakes in
typesetting. Corrections are made if there are mistakes.

86. What is a proofreader's Job?

A. to check the returned galleys
B. to accept or refuse a manuscript
C. to send a manuscript to the typesetter
D. to assign illustrators and photographers
E. to decide whether an article belongs to a series
87. The first paragraph describes the following, EXCEPT ...
A. what a magazine is
B. whom the magazine is for
C. how the magazine is published
D. what the content of a magazine consists of
E. what the difference between a magazine and an newspaper is
88. The function of 'so that ' in the second paragraph is to show ….
A. purpose
B. contrast
C. addition
D. sequence
E. condition
89. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the magazine?
A. Magazines are only meant for entertainment
B. Recommendation on the manuscript is made by the proofreader
C. The editor is the most important person in publishing magazines
D. There is no difference in size between magazines and newspaper
E. Illustrator can start working before their work is agreed by the editor
90. Who decides that a manuscript is accepted?
A. A team
B. The editor
C. The illustrators
D. The writer
E. The proofreader