Samenvatting

The ether arose from the question ‘’c relative to what?’’ (EM-waves).

Q: what is earths position in the ether? 1:Earth central (contradicts Copernican),

2: ether drag around earth (starlight aberration).

The laws of physics are valid in all inertial reference frames (A. Einstein)

K=(γ -1)mc^2 (of terwijl rustenergie is mc^2)

λ *f=c

Energy is not continuous but quantized.

Blackbody=perfect absorber of em-radiation. Also perfect emmiter (when heated) blackbody

radiation.
4
Pblackbody =σA T , σ =5.67 ∙10−8 W /( m2 ∙ K 4 )

Wien’s law= λ peak T =constant =2.898 mmK .

λ peak = wavelength of peak radiance.

Distribution of wavelengths depends on temperature of blackbody.

Constants:

Kb=1.38*10-23J K-1

h=6.626*10-34

E=nhf (molecules exchanging energy in size hf)

N=1  photon energy.

Stop-voltage voor pe-effect kmax=eVs

Disagreements pe-effect:

1: current begins immediatly

2: maximum electron energy does not depend on light intensity.

3: Below a certain cutoff frequency, no electrons are emitted (no matter the intensity) After cutoff
kmax increases with increasing light-wave frequency.
Minimum energy to eject electron = workfunction Φ

K max =hf −Φ

Comptonshift:

h h
Δ λ= (1−cos ( θ ) )  λ c =
mc mc
The wavelength of incident light can’t be too many times the Compton wavelength, therefore hard to
detect.

Wavelength of spectral lines hydrogen atoms

1 1 1
=R H ( 2 − 2 )
λ n2 n1
Atoms, classical physics say that electrons will lose all their energy in radiation and will spiral into the
nucleus.

Radius of electron with energy E and state n=

2
−k e 2
r= =a 0 n
2E
Broglie wavelength presented a logical explanation for the bohr hypothesis:

h
λ=
p
Uncertainty

Longer wavelength = Δ x = groot

Longer frequency = Δ p=groot .

E=hf=hc/labda

Schrödinger