13

Circles
A circle is defined as the locus of all such points in a plane, which remains at IN THIS CHAPTER ....
constant distance from a fixed point.
Standard Form of Equation
Y of Circle
N
P Cyclic Quadrilateral
Position of a Point with Respect to
C r X
M a Circle
Tangent to a Circle
Normal to a Circle
Here, the fixed point (C ) is called the centre of the circle and the constant
distance is called its radius. Equation of Pair of Tangents
Director Circle
Different Form of Equation of Circle Chord of Contact

Equation of Circle in Standard Form Equation of the Chord Bisected at

a Given Point
Let C( h , k) be the centre of circle and CP ( = r ) be the radius of circle, then
Diameter of a Circle
equation of circle is
Pole and Polar
( x - h )2 + ( y - k)2 = r 2 …(i)
Family of Circles
The above equation is known as the central form of the equation of a circle.
Common Tangents to Two Circles
Y
Angle of Intersection of
P(x, y) Two Circles
r Radical Axis

C(h, k) Coaxial System of Circles

Image of the Circle by the
Line Mirror
X
O

Now, if origin (0, 0) is the centre of circle, then Eq. (i) becomes,
x2 + y2 = r 2 …(ii)
318 JEE Main Mathematics

Equation of Circle in General Form Example 1. The lines 2 x - 3y = 5 and 3x - 4y = 7 are

diameters of a circle of area 154 sq units. Then, the
The general equation of second degree may represents a circle.
equation of the circle is
If the coefficient of x 2 and coefficient of y 2 are identical and (a) x2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y - 47 = 0
the coefficient of xy becomes zero.
(b) x2 + y 2 + 2x - 2y - 47 = 0
i.e., ax 2 + by 2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 …(i)
(c) x2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y - 47 = 0
represents a circle, if
(d) x2 + y 2 - 2x - 2y - 47 = 0
(a) a = b, i. e. , coefficient of x 2 = coefficient of y 2
(b) h = 0, i. e. , coefficient of xy = 0, then Eq. (i) reduces Sol. (a) If two diameters intersect each other, then
intersecting point is called centre of the circle i.e. (1, -1).
as, x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0, whose centre and radius
Given, area of circle = 154 units
are ( - g, - f ) and g2 + f 2 - c, respectively. Þ p (Radius) 2 = 154
7
Nature of the Circle Þ (Radius) 2 = 154 ´ = (7) 2
22
If g2 + f 2 - c > 0, then the radius of circle will be real and real Þ Radius = 7
circle is possible. \ Equation of circle is
If g2 + f 2 - c = 0, then the radius of circle is zero and the circle ( x - 1) 2 + (y + 1) 2 = 49
is called a point circle. Þ x2 + y 2 - 2x + 2y - 47 = 0
2 2
If g + f - c < 0, then the radius of circle will be imaginary, so
in this case, no real circle is possible. Example 2. Circle of radius 8 is passing through
origin and the point (1, 0). If the centre lies on the line
Equation of Circle in Diameter Form y = x, then the equation of the circle is
Let A( x1 , y1 ) and B( x2 , y2 ) be the end points of a diameter of (a) ( x - 2) 2 + (y - 2) 2 = 8 (b) ( x + 2) 2 + (y + 2) 2 = 8
the given circle and let P ( x , y ) be any point on the circle. (c) (y - 3) 2 + (y - 3) 2 = 8 (d) ( x + 3) 2 + (y + 3) 2 = 8
Then equation of circle is
Sol. (a) Let the equation of circle be
( x - x1 )( x - x2 ) + ( y - y1 )( y - y2 ) = 0
x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 , whose centre is ( - g , - f ).
Equation of Circle in Parametric Form Since, the circle passing through (0, 0) and (4, 0).
A general point P ( x , y ) on the circle in terms of parameters \ 0 2 + 0 2 + 2g (0) + 2f (0) + c = 0 Þ c = 0
r and q can be expressed as and 4 2 + 0 2 + 2g ( 4) + 2f (0) + 0 = 0 Þ 16 + 8g = 0
x = h + r cos q and y = k + r sin q, 0 £ q £ 2p g = -2
Þ x - h = r cos q and y - k = r sin q Also, the centre ( - g , - f ) lies on the line y = x.
On squaring and then adding, we get Þ -f =-gÞf =g
\ f = -2
( x - h )2 + ( y - k)2 = r 2(cos2 q + sin2 q ) = r 2
Now, the equation of circle having centre (2, 2) and
which is the central equation of the circle satisfied by each radius 8 is
fixed value of r (i. e. , radius) and varying q. ( x - 2) 2 + (y - 2) 2 = ( 8) 2
If the circle is centered at origin, then the coordinates of Þ ( x - 2) 2 + (y - 2) 2 = 8
centre are C( 0, 0), then the parametric coordinates are
x = r cos q and y = r sin q.
Some Particular Cases of the
Equation of Circle through Three Central Form
Non-collinear Points Case I When the circle passes through the origin
Let A( x1 , y1 ), B( x2 , y2 ) and C( x3 , y3 ) be three non-collinear (0, 0)
points, then the equation of circle through these three x 2 + y 2 - 2hx - 2ky = 0
non-collinear points is given by
Y
x2 + y2 x2 y2 1
x12 + y12 x12 y12 1 C(h, k)
=0
x22 + y22 x22 y22 1 r k
x32 + y32 x32 y32 1 h
(0, 0)O X
M
Circles 319

Case II When the circle touches abscissa (X-axis) Case VI When the circle passes through O (0, 0) and
Let the centre of circle be C( h , k) and it touches X-axis at centre lies on ordinate (Y-axis) In this case h = 0, then
point P, then the radius of circle is CP = k. equation of circle is
Y
( x - 0)2 + ( y - k)2 = k2
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2 ky = 0
C(h, k)
Y

O X
P
\Equation of circle is C (0, k)

( x - h )2 + ( y - k)2 = (CP )2 = k2
X¢ X
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2hx - 2ky + h 2 = 0 (0, 0) O

Case III When the circle touches ordinate (Y-axis) Y¢

Let the centre of circle be C( h , k) and it touches Y -axis at Case VII When the circle touches X-axis and cut off
point P with radius CP = h an intercepts on Y-axis of length 2l.
Y
In DCMQ, k2 = h 2 + l 2
h
P Þ h = k2 - l 2
C(h, k)
Y
O X

\Equation of circle is
( x - h )2 + ( y - k)2 = (CP )2 = h 2 l h
M C(h, k)
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2 hx - 2 ky + k2 = 0 lk k
Q
Case IV When the circle touches both abscissa and O h N
X
ordinate (X-axis and Y-axis) In this case h = k = a.
Y \ Equation of circle is
[x - ( k2 - l 2 )]2 + ( y - k)2 = k2
h C(h, k) Case VIII When the circle touches Y-axis and cut
M
k off an intercept on X-axis of length 2 m.
O X
P
In DCPQ, h 2 = k2 + m 2
\Equation of circle is
( x - a )2 + ( y - a )2 = a 2 Þ k = h 2 - m2
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2 ax - 2 ay + a 2 = 0 Y
Case V When the circle passes through O (0, 0) and
centre lies on abscissa (X-axis) In this case k = 0, then
equation of circle is h C ( h, k )
Y N
h k
m m
X
OQ P

X¢ X \Equation of circle is
(0, 0) O C(h, 0)
( x - h )2 + [ y - ( h 2 - m 2 )]2 = h 2

Note The length of intercepts cut by the circle

Y¢
x2 + y2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 on X-axis is 2 g 2 - c
( x - h )2 + ( y - 0)2 = h 2
and on Y-axis is 2 f 2 - c .
Þ x 2 + y 2 - 2hx = 0
320 JEE Main Mathematics

Example 3. A circle touching the X-axis at (3, 0) and Position of a Point with Respect
making a intercept of length 8 on the Y-axis passes through
the point (JEE Main 2019)
to a Circle
(a) (3, 10) (b) (3, 5) (c) (2, 3) (d) (1, 5) Let S º x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 be the equation of the
circle and P ( x1 , y1 ) be any point in the plane of the circle,
Sol. (a) It is given that the circle touches the X-axis at (3, 0) and
then S1 º x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2 fy1 + c = 0
making an intercept of 8 on the Y-axis.
Y Case I If S1 > 0, then the point lies outside the circle.
Case II If S1 = 0 , then the point lies on the circle.
B
Case III If S1 < 0, then the point lies inside the circle.

8 M C Maximum and Minimum Distance of a

r r Point from a Circle
A
O (3,0)
X Let any point P ( x1 , y1 ) and circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0
The centre and radius of the circle are ( -g, - f ) and
Let the radius of the circle is ‘r’, then the coordinates of
g2 + f 2 - c, respectively.
centre of circle are (3, r).
P(x1, y1)
From the figure, we have A
C
CM = 3, CA = radius = r B
AB
and AM = BM = =4
2
The maximum and minimum distance from P ( x1 , y1 ) to
Then, r 2 = CM 2 + AM 2 the given circle are
= 9 + 16 = 25 PB = CB + PC = r + PC
Þ r=±5 and PA =|CP - CA| =| PC - r|(P inside or outside)
Now, the equation of circle having centre (3, ± 5) and radius where r = ( g2 + f 2 - c )
= 5 is
If PC < r, then P inside, and if PC > r, then P outside.
( x - 3) 2 + (y ± 5) 2 = 25
A P(x1, y1)
Now, from the options (3, 10) satisfy the equation of circle P
( x - 3) 2 + (y - 5) 2 = 25
,–f )
C (–g
B
Example 4. The circle passing through (1, - 2) and touching
the X-axis at (3, 0), also passes through the point Example 5. The least and the greatest distances of the
(JEE Mains 2013) point (10, 7) from the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 2y = 20 = 0 are
(a) ( - 5, 2) (b) (2, - 5) (c) (5, - 2) (d) ( - 2, 5)
(a) 10, 5 (b) 15, 20 (c) 12, 16 (d) 5, 15
Sol. (c) Let the equation of circle be
Sol. (d) Given equation of circle is
( x - 3) 2 + (y - 0) 2 + ly = 0
x2 + y 2 - 4x - 2y - 20 = 0 …(i)
Y
Let S = x2 + y 2 - 4x - 2y - 20 = 0
Put ( x, y) = (10 , 7) in Eq. (i), we get
A (3, 0)
X¢ X 10 2 + 7 2 - 4 ´ 10 - 2 ´ 7 - 20 = 75 > 0
P
(1, –2) So, the point P (10, 7) lies outside the circle.
Y¢
C (2, 1) P (10, 7)
As, it passes through (1, - 2). B
\ (1 - 3) 2 + ( - 2) 2 + l( - 2) = 0
Þ 4 + 4 - 2l = 0
Also, centre of given circle is C (2, 1) and r = 5.
Þ l=4
\ Equation of circle is \ PC = (10 - 2) 2 + (7 - 1) 2 = 10
( x - 3) 2 + y 2 + 4y = 0 and BC = 5 [QB is a point on circle and line PC]
By hit and trial method, we see that, point (5, – 2) satisfies \ Greatest distance = 10 + 5 = 15
equation of circle. Least distance = 10 - 5 = 5
Circles 321

Intersection of a Line and a Circle Example 6. The circle x 2 + y 2 = 4x + 8y = 5 intersects

the line 3x - 4y = m at two distinct points, if
Let y = mx + c and x 2 + y 2 = r 2 be the equation of a line and
(a) - 85 < m < - 35 (b) - 35 < m < 15
a circle, respectively.
(c) 15 < m < 65 (d) 35 < m < 85
\ x 2 + ( mx + c) 2 = r 2 [Q y = mx + c]
Þ (1 + m 2 )x 2 + 2mcx + ( c 2 - r 2 ) = 0 …(i) Sol. (b) Given, centre of circle is (2, 4) and radius is 5.
The line will intersect the circle at two distinct points,
Which is quadratic in x, then three cases arises. if the distance of (2, 4) from 3x - 4y = m is less than radius
Case I Roots of Eq. (i) are real and distinct, of the circle.
if y = mx + c
|6 - 16 - m|
i.e. <5
D = r 2(1 + m 2 ) - c 2 > 0 B 5
c Þ - 25 < 10 + m < 25
i.e., if r> A \ - 35 < m < 15
1+ m2
Hence, the line meets the circle at two Example 7. If the equation of tangent to the circle
distinct points. x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 6y - 6 = 0 and parallel to 3x - 4y + 7 = 0 is
y = mx + c
Case II Roots of Eq. (i) are coincident, A 3x - 4y + k = 0, then the value of k are
if (a) 5, - 35 (b) - 5, 35 (c) 7, - 32 (d) - 7, 32
D = r 2 (1 + m 2 ) - c 2 = 0, Sol. (a) The centre and radius of given circle are (1, - 3) and 4,
c respectively.
i.e., if r=
1 + m2 So, the length of perpendicualr from centre (1, - 3) to
c
x+

3x - 4y + k = 0 is equal to radius 4.
m

Hence, the line touches the circle.

y=

|3 + 12 + k|
Case III Roots of Eq. (i) are imaginary, Þ =4
9 + 16
if
D = r 2(1 + m 2 ) - c 2 < 0, Þ 15 + k = ± 20
c Þ k = 5, - 35
i.e., if r<
1 + m2
Hence, the line will not intersect the circle at all.
Tangent to a Circle
A straight line is a tangent to a circle, if the distance of
c the centre from the line equals the radius.
Note Length of perpendicular from (0, 0) on y = mx + c is
1 + m2 T
)
y1

Condition of Tangency
1,
x
P(

(i) The line y = mx + c touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2, iff C(0, 0)

c = ± r 1 + m2
(ii) The line lx + my + n = 0 will touch the circle
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0, iff Different Forms of the Equation
( l 2 + m 2 )( g2 + f 2 - c) = ( lg + mf - n )2 of Tangents
(iii) If y = mx + c is the tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2, Point Form
æ mr 2 r 2 ö The equation of tangent at the point P ( x1 , y1 ) to the
then the coordinates of point of contact are ç - , ÷.
ç c c ÷ø
è circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 is
(iv) If the line ax + by + c = 0 is the tangent to the circle T º xx1 + yy1 = r 2
x 2 + y 2 = r 2, then the coordinates of point of contact
æ ar 2 Also, the equation of tangent to the circle
br 2 ö÷
are ç - ,- . x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 at the point P ( x1 , y1 ) is
ç c c ÷ø
è
(v) The length of the intercept cut off from the line T º xx1 + yy1 + g( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c = 0
y = mx + c by the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is Note When we convert a cartesian equation into a tangent
2 2 2 x + x1 y + y1
a (1 + m ) - c equation, we replace. x2 by xx1, y2 by yy1, x by , y by
2 2 2
1 + m2
322 JEE Main Mathematics

Slope Form Sol. (a) Given, y = mx - b 1 + m2 touches both the circles.

The equation of a tangent of slope m to the circle \ Distance from centre = Radius of both the circle
2 2 2
x + y = r is T º y = mx ± r (1 + m ) and the 2 | ma - 0 - b 1 + m2 |
Þ =b
coordinates of the point of contact are m2 + 1
æ rm r ö | - b 1 + m2 |
ç± ,-
+ ÷. and =b
ç 1+ m 2 2 ÷
1+ m ø m2 + 1
è
Þ | ma - b 1 + m2 | = | - b 1 + m2 |
Parametric Form
The equation of tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 at the Þ m2a2 - 2abm 1 + m2 + b 2(1 + m2) = b 2(1 + m2)
point (r cos q , r sin q ) is T º x cos q + y sin q = r Þ ma - 2b 1 + m2 = 0 Þ m2a2 = 4b 2(1 + m2)
T = 0 is Possible Only 2b
Þ m=
(i) if points is on the curve ® Tangent a - 4b2
2

(ii) if point is outside ® Chord of contact

(iii) if point is outside/inside ® Pole and polar Normal to a Circle
The normal to a circle at any point is a straight line
Example 8. If a line, y = mx + c is a tangent to the circle, which is perpendicular to the tangent at that point and
( x - 3) 2 + y 2 = 1 and it is perpendicular to a line L1, where L1 is always passes through the centre of the circle.
æ 1 1 ö T
the tangent to the circle, x 2 + y 2 = 1 at the point ç , ÷; , y 1)
P(x 1
è 2 2ø
then (JEE Main 2020)
(a) c2 + 7c + 6 = 0 (b) c2 - 6c + 7 = 0 C(0, 0)
2 2
(c) c - 7c + 6 = 0 (d) c + 6c + 7 = 0

Sol. (d) Since equation of tangent to the circle x2 + y 2 = 1 at point

Different Forms of the Equation
æ 1 1 ö
ç , ÷ is T = 0. of Normals
è 2 2ø
x y Point Form
Þ + =1
2 2 The equation of normal at the point P ( x1 , y1 ) to the circle
Þ x+y = 2 …(i) x 2 + y 2 = r 2 is
Q Line L1 : x + y = 2 is perpendicular to line y = mx + c, so x y
=
m = 1, since line y = mx + c is tangent to the circle x1 y1
( x - 3) 2 + y 2 = 1, where m = 1, then y = x + c is equivalent to OR
y = 1( x - 3) ± 1 1 + 12. The equation of normal at the point P ( x1 , y1 ) to the circle
So, c = -3 ± 2 x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is
Þ c+3=± 2 x - x1 y - y1
=
Þ ( c + 3) 2 = 2 x1 + g y1 + f
Þ c2 + 6 c + 9 = 2 Slope Form
Þ c2 + 6 c + 7 = 0 The equation of a normal of slope m to the circle
Hence, option (d) is correct. x 2 + y 2 = r 2 is

Example 9. If a > 2 b > 0, then positive value of m for my = - x ± r 1 + m 2

which y = mx - b 1 + m 2 is a common tangent to x 2 + y 2 = b 2 Parametric Form

2 2
and ( x - a) + y = b , is 2 The equation of normal at the point P (r cos q , r sin q ) to
the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 is
2b a2 - 4 b 2
(a) (b) x y
a2 - 4 b 2 2b = Þ y = x tan q
r cos q r sin q
2b b
(c) (d) Note Normal always passes through the centre of the circle.
a-2b a-2b
Circles 323

Example 10. The equation of normal to the circle Sol. (a) Any line through the point ( -5, - 4) is
2 2 y + 4 = m( x + 5)
x + y - 5 x + 2y - 48 = 0 at the point (5, 6) is
(a) 14x - 5y + 40 = 0 (b) 14x + 5y + 40 = 0 Þ mx - y + (5m - 4) = 0 ...(i)
(c) 14x - 5y - 40 = 0 (d) 14x + 5y - 40 = 0 If it is a tangent, then perpendicular from centre ( -2, - 3) is
equal to radius.
Sol. (c) Equation of the normal to the given circle at (5, 6) is
\ Radius = (2) 2 + (3) 2 - 8 = 4 + 9 - 8 = 5
x-5 y -6
= m( -2) - ( -3) + (5m - 4)
5 6 +1 Þ = 5
5-
2 m2 + 1
x-5 y -6
Þ = Þ -2m + 3 + 5m - 4 = 5 m2 + 1
5 7
2 Þ (3m - 1) 2 = 5(m2 + 1)
2x - 10 y - 6 Þ 9m2 + 1 - 6m = 5m2 + 5
Þ =
5 7 Þ 4m2 - 6m - 4 = 0
Þ 14x - 70 = 5y - 30
Þ 2m2 - 3m - 2 = 0
Þ 14x - 5y - 40 = 0 1
Þ m=- ,2
2
Equation of Pair of Tangents \ Required equations are
Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be any point lying outside the circle 2x - y + 6 = 0 and x + 2y + 13 = 0.
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0, then the equation of pair of
Example 12. Length of the tangents from the point (1, 2) to
tangents represented by PA and PB is SS1 = T 2
the circles x 2 + y 2 + x + y - 4 = 0 and 3x 2 + 3y 2 - x - y - k = 0
P(x1, y1)
A are in the ratio 4 : 3, then k is equal to
(a) 37/2 (b) 4/37
(c) 12 (d) 39/4

B Sol. (d) The length of tangent from the point (1, 2) to the circle
x2 + y 2 + x + y - 4 = 0 is 1 + 4 + 1 + 2 - 4 , i.e. 2
where, S = x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c
and the length of tangent from the point (1, 2) to the circle
S1 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2 fy1 + c
3x2 + 3y 2 - x - y - k = 0 is 3 + 12 - 1 - 2 - k i.e. 12 - k.
and T = xx1 + yy1 + g( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c
2 4
\ =
Similarly, equation of pair of tangents at the point ( x1 , y1 ) 12 - k 3
to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 is 3
Þ = 12 - k
SS1 = T 2 2
9
where, S = x2 + y2 - r 2 Þ = 12 - k
4
S1 = x12 + y12 - r 2 39
Þ k=
4
and T = xx1 + yy1 - r 2

Length of the Tangent Director Circle

The length of the tangent drawn from the point ( x1 , y1 ) to The locus of the point of intersection of two perpendicular
tangents to a given circle is known as director circle.
the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is
If the equation of circle is x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , then the equation
x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2 fy1 + c; S1 of the director circle to this circle is x 2 + y 2 = 2a 2
P
Example 11. The equation of the two tangents from
( - 5, - 4) to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 6y + 8 = 0 are A
a
O B
(a) x + 2y + 13 = 0 ,2 x - y + 6 = 0
2a
(b) 2 x + y + 13 = 0 , x - 2y = 6
Circle
(c) 3 x + 2y + 23 = 0 ,2 x - 3y + 4 = 0
rc l
e

Dire
(d) x - 7y = 23,6 x + 13y = 4 ctor c i
324 JEE Main Mathematics

Chord of Contact of Tangents Equation of the Chord Bisected

From any external point, two tangents can be drawn at a Given Point
to a given circle. The chord joining the points of contact Let P ( x1 , y1 ) be the mid-point of chord AB of the circle
of the two tangents is called the chord of contact of x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0, then the equation of the chord
tangents. of circle bisected at the point P ( x1 , y1 ) is
P(x1, y1)
B T = S1
ac f where, T = xx1 + yy1 + g( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c
nt o
t
S1 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2 fy1 + c
co hord

and
C

A
B

The equation of the chord of contact of tangents drawn

from the point ( x1 , y1 ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 is P(x1, y1)

xx1 + yy1 = r 2 and to the circle

A
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is
xx1 + yy1 + g( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c = 0 Similarly, for the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 , equation of chord is
Example 13. Let the tangents drawn from the origin to the T = S1
circle, x 2 + y 2 - 8 x - 4y + 16 = 0 touch it at the points A and B.
where, T = xx1 + yy1 - r 2 and S1 = x12 + y12 - r 2
2
The ( AB) is equal to (JEE Main 2020)
56 52 Example 14. The middle point of the chord intercepted on
(a) (b)
5 5 the line lx + my + n = 0 by the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 is
64 32 æ
(c) (d) nl nm ö æ nl nm ö
5 5 (a) çç - 2 ,- 2 ÷ (b) çç 2 , 2 ÷
è l +m
2
l + m2 ÷ø 2
èl + m l + m ø
2÷

Sol. (c) The equation of chord of contact AB to circle æ l m ö

x2 + y 2 - 8x - 4y + 16 = 0 w.r.t. point origin (0 , 0) is T = 0 (c) çç - 2 2
, 2 ÷
2÷
(d) None of these
è l +m l +m ø
A
Sol. (a) Let ( x1, y1) be the middle point of the chord intercepted by
2
the circle x2 + y 2 = a2 on the line lx + my + n = 0.
C (4, 2) M F (0, 0)
2 Then, equation of the chord of the circle x2 + y 2 = a2,
whose middle point is ( x1, y1), is
B
xx1 + yy1 - a2 = x12 + y12 - a2
x +y2–8x–4y+16=0
2
Þ xx1 + yy1 = x12 + y12 …(i)
Þ 0 x + 0y - 4( x + 0) - 2(y + 0) + 16 = 0
Clearly, lx + my + n = 0 and Eq. (i) represent the same line.
Þ 2x + y - 8 = 0 …(i)
x1 y1 x2 + y12
In right angled triangle AMC, \ = =- 1 =l (say)
l m n
|2( 4) + 2 - 8| 2
CM = = x1 = ll ü
2 2 + 12 5 Þ ý …(ii)
y1 = ml þ
Q AM 2 = CA2 - CM 2
and x12 + y12 = - nl
2
æ 2 ö
= 22 - ç ÷ Þ l 2l2 + m2l2 = - nl [from Eq. (ii)]
è 5ø
n
4 16 \ l=-
=4- = l 2 + m2
5 5
4 \ From Eq. (ii), we get
Þ AM =
5 nl mn
x1 = - ,y1 = - 2
Q AB = (2AM) 2
2 l 2 + m2 l + m2
2 æ
æ2 ´ 4ö 64 nl nm ö
=ç ÷ = Hence, the required point is çç - 2 ,- 2 ÷.
è 5 ø 5 è l +m
2
l + m2 ÷ø
Circles 325

Family of Circles Example 15. The circle passing through the intersection of
the circles, x 2 + y 2 - 6 x = 0 and x 2 + y 2 - 4y = 0, having its
(i) Family of circles passing through the point of
intersection of line P º lx + my + n = 0 and circle centre on the line, 2 x - 3y + 12 = 0, also passes through the
S º x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is S + lP = 0 point (JEE Main 2020)
(a) ( -1, 3) (b) ( -3, 1) (c) (1, - 3) (d) ( -3, 6)

S + Pl = 0
Sol. (d) Equation of circle passing through the intersection of the
circles x2 + y 2 - 6x = 0 and x2 + y 2 - 4y = 0 , is
S=0 ( x2 + y 2 - 6x) + l( x2 + y 2 - 4y) = 0 , ( l ¹ -1)
P=0 Þ (1 + l) x2 + (1 + l)y 2 - 6x - 4ly = 0 , having centre
(ii) Family of circles passing through the points of æ 3 2l ö
Cç , ÷ and the centre ‘C ’ lies on the lies on the line
intersection of two given circles è 1 + l 1 + lø
S1 º x 2 + y 2 + 2g1x + 2 f1 y + c1 = 0 2x - 3y + 12 = 0 , so
2 2 6 6l
and S 2 º x + y + 2g2x + 2 f2 y + c2 = 0 - + 12 = 0
1+ l 1+ l
is S1 + lS 2 = 0 Þ 1- l + 2l + 2 = 0
Þ l = -3.
S1 + lS2 = 0

So, equation of required circle is

2x2 + 2y 2 + 6x - 12y = 0
S1 Þ x2 + y 2 + 3x - 6y = 0 …(i)
=
0 S2 = 0 From the given options circle (i) passes through the point
( -3,6).
(iii) Equation of family of circles passing through two
points ( x1 , y1 ) and ( x2 , y2 ) is Example 16. If the circles x 2 + y 2 + 5Kx + 2y + K = 0 and
2 ( x 2 + y 2) + 2Kx + 3y -1 = 0, (K Î R), intersect at the points P
P (x1, y1) and Q, then the line 4x + 5y - K = 0 passes through P and Q,
for (JEE Main 2019)

Q (x2, y2) (a) no values of K (b) exactly one value of K

(c) exactly two values of K (d) infinitely many values of K

( x - x1 )( x - x2 ) + ( y - y1 )( y - y2 ) Sol. (a) Equation of given circles

x y 1 x2 + y 2 + 5Kx + 2y + K = 0 …(i)

+ l x1 y1 1 = 0 and 2( x2 + y 2) + 2Kx + 3y - 1 = 0
3 1
x2 y2 1 Þ x2 + y 2 + Kx + y - = 0 …(ii)
2 2
(iv) The equation of the family of circles touching the On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get
circle 1 1
4Kx + y + K + = 0
2 2
S=0 T=0
Tangent Þ 8Kx + y + (2K + 1) = 0 …(iii)
[Q if S1 = 0 and S 2 = 0 be two circles, then their
P common chord is given by S1 - S 2 = 0 .]
(x1, y1) Eq. (iii) represents equation of common chord as it is given
that circles (i) and (ii) intersects each other at points P and Q.
Since, line 4x + 5y - K = 0 passes through point P and Q.
S º x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 8K 1 2K + 1 1
\ = = ÞK =
4 5 -K 10
at point P ( x1 , y1 ) is x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy [equating first and second terms]
+ c + l{xx1 + yy1 + g( x + x1 ) + f ( y + y1 ) + c} = 0 and -K = 10K + 5 [equating second and third terms]
or 5
Þ 11K + 5 = 0 Þ K = -
S + lT = 0 11
1 5
where, T = 0 is the equation of the tangent to S = 0 Q ¹ - , so there is no such value of K, for which line
10 11
at ( x1 , y1 ) and l Î R.
4x + 5y - K = 0 passes through points P and Q.
326 JEE Main Mathematics

Concentric Circles Mathematically, |C1C2| = r1 + r2

Two circles having the same centre but different radii Direct common tengents
r1 and r2 respectively, are called concentric circles. Thus, D
the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + m = 0 are concentric circles.
r2
Therefore, the equations of concentric circles differ only in r1 P C2
constant term. C1
T Transverse common
tangent
Example 17. If (–3, 2) lies on the circle
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 which is concentric with the circle
x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 8y - 5 = 0, then c is equal to In such a case, there are 3 common tangents to two
(a) 11 (b) –11 (c) 24 (d) 100 touching circles.

Sol. (b) Equation of family of concentric circles to the circle Circles Intersecting Each Other
x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y - 5 = 0 If the distance between centres is less than the sum of
2 2 their radii, then geometrically, the two circles intersect
x + y + 6x + 8y + l = 0
each other.
which is similar to x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
Mathematically,|C1C2| < r1 + r2
Thus, the point (– 3, 2) lies on the circle
Direct common tangents
x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y + c = 0
2 2
\ ( - 3) + (2) + 6( - 3) + 8(2) + c = 0
Þ 9 + 4 - 18 + 16 + c = 0 \ c = - 11
C1
Common Tangents to Two Circles C2

Circles Neither Touching Nor Intersecting

If the distance between the centres is more than the sum In such a case, there are two direct common tangents.
of their radii, then geometrically the two circles neither
touch nor intersect each other. Circles Touching Each Other Internally
Mathematically,|C1C2| > r1 + r2 If the distance between centres equals the difference of
Direct common tangents the radii, then geometrically, the two circles touch each
D other internally. The point of contact P divides the line
Q joining the centres externally in the ratio of their radii
r2 C1P r1
C i.e. =
P P' T r2 2 C2P r2
r1 Q1
r1 Mathematically, |C1C2| =|r1 - r2|
C1 Tangent at the
point of contact
Transverse common tangents r2 P

In such a case there are two direct common tangents and C2

two transverse common tangents. C1
r1

Circles Touching Each Other Externally

If the distance between the centres equals the sum of
their radii, then geometrically the two circles touch each In such a case, there is one common tangent to two circles.
other externally. The point P where the two circles touch
each other is called the point of contact. P divides the line One Circle Lies Inside Another
joining centres internally in the ratio of their radii i.e., If distance between centres is less than the difference of
C1P r1 the radii, then geometrically, one circle lies inside the
= another.
C2P r2
Circles 327

Mathematically, |C1C2| <|r1 - r2| Sol. (c) x2 + y 2 - 10 x - 10y + 41 = 0

A (5, 5), R1 = 3
r1 x2 + y 2 - 22x - 10y + 137 = 0
C1 r2 B(11, 5), R2 = 3
C2 AB = 6 = R1 + R2
Touch each other externally
Þ Circles have only one meeting point.
In such a case, there is no common tangent.
Note Length of an external common tangent and internal common Angle of Intersection of Two Circles
tangent to two circles is given by length of external common tangent The angle of intersection of two intersecting circles is the
Lex = d 2 - (r1 - r2 )2 angle between their tangents at the point of intersection,
and length of internal common tangent. ½r 2 + r22 - d 2½
cos a =½ 1 ½
r1 – r2 ½ 2r1r2 ½
A Lex where, d is distance between centres of the circles.
B
r1 B¢ R
r2
C1 d r1 r2
C2
P a Q
L in
r1
r1 +

q d
L in T T¢
r2

r2

A'
2 2
Lin = d - (r1 + r2 ) , where d is the common distance between Condition of Orthogonality
centres of two circles and r1 and r2 are the radii of two circles, where If the angle between the circles is 90°, then the circles are
|C1C 2|= d . said to be orthogonal circle.
Example 18. The common tangent to the circles Let S1 = 0 and S 2 = 0 be any two circles, then condition of
x 2 + y 2 = 4 and x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 8y - 24 = 0 also passes through orthogonality is 2 ( g1g2 + f1 f2 ) = c1 + c2
the point (JEE Main 2019)
Example 20. The angle between the circles
(a) (6, - 2) (b) ( 4, - 2) (c) ( -6, 4) (d) ( -4, 6)
S : x2 + y 2 - 4x + 6y + 11 = 0
Sol. (a) Given circles are x2 + y 2 = 4, centreC1(0 , 0) and radiusr1 = 2 2 2
and S ¢ : x + y - 2x + 8y + 13 = 0 is
and x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y - 24 = 0 , centre C 2( -3, - 4) and radius
(a) 45° (b) 90°
r2 = 7
(c) 60° (d) None of these
Q C1C 2 = 9 + 16 = 5 and|r1 - r2| = 5
Q C1C 2 = |r1 - r2| = 5 Sol. (a) Centres and radii of circles S and S ¢ are C1(2 , - 3),
\ circle x2 + y 2 = 4 touches the circle r1 = 2; C 2( 1, - 4),r2 = 2 .
x2 + y 2 + 6x + 8y - 24 = 0 internally. Distance between centres,
So, equation of common tangent is d =|C1C 2 | = (2 - 1) 2 + ( -3 + 4) 2 = 2
S1 - S 2 = 0 If angle between the circles is q, then
Þ 6x + 8y - 20 = 0 ½2 + 4 - 2½
½ 1
cos q = ½ =
Þ 3x + 4y = 10 …(i) ½ 2 2 ×2 ½ 2
The common tangent passes through the point (6, - 2), from \ q = 45°
the given options.
Example 21. Let C1 and C 2 be the centres of the circles
Example 19. Choose the correct statement about two x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2y - 2 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 - 6 x - 6y + 14 = 0
circles whose equations are given below respectively. If P and Q are the points of intersection of these
x 2 + y 2 - 10 x - 10y + 41 = 0 circles, then the area (in sq units) of the quadrilateral PC1QC 2
x 2 + y 2 - 22 x - 10y + 137 = 0 is (JEE Main 2019)
(JEE Main 2021)
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 9
(a) circles have same centre
2 2
(b) circles have no meeting point Sol. (b) Given circles, x + y - 2x - 2y - 2 = 0 … (i)
2 2
(c) circles have only one meeting point and x + y - 6x - 6y + 14 = 0 … (ii)
(d) circles have two meeting point
328 JEE Main Mathematics

are intersecting each other orthogonally, Length of Common Chord

because 2(1)(3) + 2(1)(3) = 14 - 2
Length of common chord = PQ = 2( PM )
[Q two circles are intersected
orthogonally if 2g 1g 2 + 2f1f2 = c1 + c2] = 2 {(C1P )2 - (C1M )2 } where,
So, area of quadrilateral C1P = radius of circle S1 = 0 and C1M = length of
PC1QC 2 = 2 ´ ar (DPC1C 2) perpendicular from C1 on common chord PQ.
æ1 ö
= 2 ´ ç ´ 2 ´ 2÷ = 4 sq units Example 22. The length of the common chord of the two
è2 ø
P circles ( x - a) 2 + (y - b) 2 = c 2 and ( x - b) 2 + (y - a) 2 = c 2 is

2 2 (a) 3c2 + ( a - b) 2 (b) 4c2 - 2 ( a - b) 2

C1 (3,3)
C2 (c) c2 + ( a - b) 2 (d) 2c2 + ( a + b) 2
(1,1)
Sol. (b) The equation of circles are
Q S1 = ( x - a) 2 + (y - b) 2 - c2 = 0 …(i)
and S 2 = ( x - b) 2 + (y - b) 2 - c2 = 0 …(ii)
Common Chord of Two Circles P
The common chord joining the point of intersection of two
given circles is called their common chord. The equation
of the common chord of two circles C1(a, b) m C2(a, b)
2 2
S1 º x + y + 2g1x + 2 f1 y + c1 = 0
Q
and S 2 º x 2 + y 2 + 2g2x + 2 f2 y + c2 = 0 Then, equation of common chord is S1 - S 2 = 0
is 2 ( g1 - g2 )x + 2 ( f1 - f2 ) y + c1 - c2 = 0 Þ ( x - a) 2 - ( x - b) 2 + (y - b) 2 - (y - a) 2 = 0
i.e., S1 - S 2 = 0 Þ (2x - a - b) ( - a + b) + (2y - b - a) ( - b + a) = 0
Þ 2x - a - b - 2y + b + a = 0
Þ x-y =0
P Now, C1m = Length of perpendicular from C1( a, b) on
M | a - b|
C1 C2 PQ( x - y = 0) = and C1P = Radius of circle (i) = c
Q 2
S1 = 0
( a - b) 2
S2 = 0 \ In DPC1m, Pm = (PC1) 2 - (C1m) 2 = c2 -
S1 – S2 = 0 2
2 ( a - b) 2
\ PQ = 2Pm = 2 c - = 4c - 2 ( a - b) 2
2
2
 Practice Exercise
ROUND I Topically Divided Problems

Different Form of Equation of Circle (a) x2 + y2 - 4 y + 3 = 0

(b) x2 + y2 - 2 y - 2 = 0
1. If 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) + 4 lx + l2 = 0 represents a circle of
(c) x2 + y2 - 2 x - 2 y + 2 = 0
meaningful radius, then the range of real values of
(d) x2 + y2 - 2 x - 2 y + 1 = 0
l is
(a) R 8. The diameters of a circle are along 2 x + y - 7 = 0
(b) (0, + ¥ ) and x + 3 y - 11 = 0. Then, the equation of this circle,
(c) (-¥ , 0)
which also passes through (5, 7) , is
(d) None of the above
(a) x2 + y2 - 4x - 6 y - 16 = 0
2. If one end of a diameter of the circle (b) x2 + y2 - 4x - 6 y - 20 = 0
x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 6 y + 11 = 0 is (3, 4), then find the (c) x2 + y2 - 4x - 6 y - 12 = 0
coordinate of the other end of the diameter. (d) x2 + y2 + 4x + 6 y - 12 = 0
(a) (2, 1) (b) (1, 2) 9. The equation of circle which passes through the
(c) (1, 1) (d) None of these
origin and cuts off intercepts 5 and 6 from the
3. The centre of a circle is (2, – 3) and the positive parts of the axes respectively is
circumference is 10p. Then, the equation of the 2
æ x - 5 ö + ( y - 3) 2 = l, where l is
circle is ç ÷
è 2ø
(a) x2 + y 2 + 4x + 6 y + 12 = 0 61 6 1
(b) x2 + y 2 - 4x + 6 y + 12 = 0 (a) (b) (c) (d) 0
4 4 4
(c) x2+ y 2 - 4x + 6 y - 12 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 - 4x - 6 y - 12 = 0 10. If one of the diameters of the circle, given by the
equation, x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 6 y - 12 = 0, is a chord of a
4. Find the equation of the circle which passes
circle S, whose centre is at ( -3, 2), then the radius
through the points (2, 3) and (4, 5) and the centre
of S is (JEE Main 2016)
lies on the straight line y - 4 x + 3 = 0.
(a) 5 2 (b) 5 3 (c) 5 (d) 10
(a) x2 + y2 - 4x - 10 y + 25 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 - 4x - 10 y - 25 = 0 11. If the length of the chord of the circle,
(c) x2 + y2 - 4x + 10 y - 25 = 0 x 2 + y 2 = r 2 ( r > 0) along the line, y - 2 x = 3 is r,
(d) None of the above then r 2 is equal to (JEE Main 2020)
5. The circle passing through (1, - 2) and touching the 9 24 12
(a) (b) 12 (c) (d)
axis of x at (3, 0) also passes through the point 5 5 5
(JEE Main 2013)
12. The locus of the mid-point of the chord of the circle
(a) (- 5, 2) (b) (2, - 5)
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2 y - 2 = 0, which makes an angle of
(c) (5, - 2) (d) (- 2, 5)
120° at the centre, is
6. The sum of the minimum distance and the (a) x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 2 y + 1 = 0
maximum distance from the point ( 4, - 3) to the (b) x 2 + y2 + x + y -1 =0
circle x 2 + y 2 + 4 x - 10 y - 7 = 0 is (c) x 2 + y 2 - 2x - 2 y - 1 = 0
(a) 20 (b) 12 (d) None of the above
(c) 10 (d) 16
13. If the area of the circle 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 - 8 x + 16 y + k = 0
7. The equation of circle which touches Xand Y - axes is 9p sq units, then the value of k is
at the points (1, 0) and (0, 1) respectively is (a) 4 (b) 16 (c) - 16 (d) ± 16
330 JEE Main Mathematics

æ 1 ö x y 1 1 1
14. If çç mi , ÷, i = 1, 2 , 3, 4 are concyclic points, then 22. If the line + = 1 moves such that 2 + 2 = 2 ,
è mi ÷ø a b a b c
where c is a constant, then the locus of the foot of
the value of m1 m2 m3 m4 is
the perpendicular from the origin to the line is
(a) 1 (b) - 1
(a) straight line (b) circle
(c) 0 (d) None of these
(c) parabola (d) ellipse
15. If the abscissae and ordinates of two points P and Q
23. If the straight line y = mx lies outside the circle
are roots of the equations x 2 + 2 ax - b2 = 0 and
x 2 + y 2 - 20 y + 90 = 0, then the value of m will
y 2 + 2 py - q2 = 0 respectively, then the equation of satisfy
the circle with PQ as diameter, is (a) m < 3 (b)|m| < 3 (c) m > 3 (d)|m| > 3
(a) x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2 py - b2 - q2 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 - 2ax - 2 py + b2 + q2 = 0 24. If the line y = 7 x - 25 meets the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25
(c) x2 + y2 - 2ax - 2 py - b2 - q2 = 0 in the points A, B, then the distance between A and
(d) x2 + y2 + 2ax + 2 py + b2 + q2 = 0 B is
(a) 10 (b) 10 (c) 5 2 (d) 5
16. The range of a, for which the point ( a, a) lies inside
25. If the line y cos a = x sin a + a cos a is a tangent to
the region bounded by the curves y = 1 - x 2 and
the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , then
x + y = 1 is (a) sin 2 a = 1 (b) cos 2 a = 1
1 1 1 1 (c) sin 2 a = a 2 (d) cos 2 a = a 2
(a) < a < (b) < a <
2 2 2 3
1 1 1 1 26. Find the equation of a circle which touches both the
(c) < a < (d) < a <
3 3 4 2 axes and the line 3x - 4 y + 8 = 0 and lies in the
third quadrant.
17. Let L1 be a straight line passing through the origin (a) x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 4 y - 4 = 0
and L 2 be the straight line x + y = 1. If the (b) x 2 + y 2 - 4x - 4 y + 4 = 0
intercepts made by the circle x 2 + y 2 - x + 3 y = 0 on (c) x 2 + y 2 + 4x + 4 y + 4 = 0
L1 and L2 are equal, then L1 can be represented by (d) None of the above
(a) x + y = 0 (b) x - y = 0
(c) 7x + y = 0 (d) x - 7 y = 0
Tangent to the Circle
27. The equation of the tangents to the circle
18. Let AB be a chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 = r 2 x 2 + y 2 = 4, which are parallel to x + 2 y + 3 = 0, are
subtending a right angle at the centre. Then, the (a) x - 2 y = 2 (b) x + 2 y = ± 2 3
locus of the centroid of the D PAB as P moves on the (c) x + 2 y = ± 2 5 (d) x - 2 y = ± 2 5
circle is 28. Three circles of radii a, b, c( a < b < c) touch each
(a) a parabola (b) a circle
other externally. If they have X-axis as a common
(c) an ellipse (d) None of these
tangent, then (JEE Main 2019)
Intersection of Line and Circle (a) a , b, c are in AP (b)
1
=
1
+
1
a b c
19. If the line 3x - 4 y - k = 0, ( k > 0) touches the circle 1 1 1
(c) a , b , c are in AP (d) = +
x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 8 y - 5 = 0 at ( a , b) , then k + a + b is b a c
equal to
29. The equation of the tangent from the point (0, 1) to
(a) 20 (b) 22 (c) -30 (d) - 28
the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 6 y + 6 = 0, is
20. The line 3x - 2 y = k meets the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 r 2 at (a) y - 1 = 0 (b) 4x + 3 y + 3 = 0
only one point, if k2 is (c) 4x + 3 y - 3 = 0 (d) y + 1 = 0
52 2 20 2
(a) 20r 2 (b) 52 r 2 (c) r (d) r 30. The tangent at (1, 7) to the curve x 2 = y - 6 touches
9 9
the circle x 2 + y 2 + 16 x + 12 y + c = 0 at
2 2
21. A line through (0, 0) cuts the circle x + y - 2 ax = 0 (a) (6, 7) (b) (- 6, 7)
at A and B, then locus of the centre of the circle (c) (6, - 7) (d) (- 6, - 7)
drawn AB as diameter is 31. The square of the length of the tangent from (3, - 4)
(a) x2 + y2 - 2ay = 0 (b) x2 + y2 + ay = 0 to the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4 x - 6 y + 3 = 0, is
2 2 2 2
(c) x + y + ax = 0 (d) x + y - ax = 0 (a) 20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50
Circles 331

32. From a point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 , two (c) x2 + y2 - 2x + 2 y + 12 = 0

(d) x2 + y2 - 2x - 2 y + 14 = 0
tangents are drawn to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 sin 2 a.
The angle between them is 40. If line ax + by = 0 touches x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 4 y = 0 and
a is a normal to the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 2 y - 3 = 0,
(a) a (b)
2 then value of ( a, b) will be
(c) 2 a (d) None of these (a) (2,1) (b) (1, –2) (c) (1, 2) (d) (–1, 2)

33. The locus of a point which moves so that the ratio 41. The area of the triangle formed by the positive
of the length of the tangents to the circles X-axis and the normal and tangent to the circle
x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 3 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 - 6 x + 5 = 0 is 2 : 3, is x 2 + y 2 = 4 at (1, 3) is
(a) 5x 2 + 5 y 2 + 60x - 7 = 0 (a) 2 3 sq units (b) 3 2 sq units
(b) 5x 2 + 5 y 2 - 60x - 7 = 0 (c) 6 sq unit (d) None of these
(c) 5x 2 + 5 y 2 + 60x + 7 = 0
(d) 5x 2 + 5 y 2 + 60x + 12 = 0 Chord of Contact and Diameter
34. P ( a, b) be any point such that the length of 42. The condition that the chord
x cos a + y sin a - p = 0 of x 2 + y 2 - a 2 = 0 may
tangents from P to both the circles
subtend a right angle at the centre of circle, is
x 2 + y 2 - 6 x - 8 y = 0 and
(a) a 2 = 2 p 2 (b) p 2 = 2 a 2
x 2 + y 2 - 12 x - 16 y + 12 = 0 are equal, then (c) a = 2 p (d) p = 2 a
(a) 3a + 4b - 6 = 0 (b) 3a - 4b + 6 = 0
(c) 6a - 8b + 12 = 0 (d) 4a - 3b + 7 = 0 43. Which of the following is a point on the common
chord of the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 3 y + 6 = 0 and
35. If the tangent at the point P on the circle
x 2 + y 2 + x - 8 y - 13 = 0 ?
x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 6 y = 2 meets the straight line
5 x - 2 y + 6 = 0 at a point Q on the Y -axis, then the (a) (1, - 2) (b) (1, 4) (c) (1, 2) (d) (1, - 4)
length of PQ is 44. If two distinct chords drawn from the point ( p, q) on
(a) 4 (b) 2 5 (c) 5 (d) 3 5 the circle x 2 + y 2 = px + qy (where, pq ¹ 0) are
36. A line meets the coordinate axes in A and B. A bisected by the X-axis, then
circle is circumscribed about the DOAB. The (a) p 2 = q 2 (b) p 2 = 8q 2
distances from the points A and B of the side AB to (c) p 2 < 8q 2 (d) p 2 > 8q 2
the tangent at O are equal to m and n respectively. 45. If the chord of contact of tangents drawn from a
Then, the diameter of the circle is point on the circle x 2 + y 2 = a 2 to the circle
(a) m(m + n ) (b) n (m + n )
x 2 + y 2 = b2 touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = c2 , then
(c) m - n (d) None of these
a , b and c are in
37. If the area of the quadrilateral formed by the (a) AP (b) GP
tangent from the origin to the circle (c) HP (d) None of these
x 2 + y 2 + 6 x - 10 y + c = 0 and the pair of radii at
46. The length of the common chord of the two circles
the points of contact of these tangents to the circle
x 2 + y 2 - 4 y = 0 and x 2 + y 2 - 8 x - 4 y + 11 = 0 is
is 8 sq units, then c is a root of the equation
145 11 135
(a) c 2 - 32c + 64 = 0 (b) c 2 - 34c + 64 = 0 (a) cm (b) cm (c) 135 cm (d) cm
4 2 4
(c) c 2 + 2c - 64 = 0 (d) c 2 + 34c - 64 = 0
47. If the angle of intersection at a point where the two
Normal to the Circle circles with radii 5 cm and 12 cm intersect is 90°,
38. The equation of normal to the circle then the length (in cm) of their common chord is
(JEE Main 2019)
2 x 2 + 2 y 2 - 2 x - 5 y + 3 = 0 at (1, 1) is
13 120 60 13
(a) 2x + y = 3 (b) x - 2 y = 3 (a) (b) (c) (d)
5 13 13 2
(c) x + 2 y = 3 (d) None of these
39. The normal at the point (3, 4) on a circle cuts the Family of Circles
circle at the point (–1, –2). Then, the equation of 48. If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 22 y + c = 0 bisects the
the circle is circumference of the circle x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + 8 y - d = 0,
2 2
(a) x + y + 2x - 2 y - 13 = 0 then c + d is equal to
(b) x2 + y2 - 2x - 2 y - 11 = 0 (a) 60 (b) 50 (c) 40 (d) 30
332 JEE Main Mathematics

49. The equation of the circle passing through (1, 1) (a) x2 + y2 + 4x - 6 y + 19 = 0

and the points of intersection of (b) x2 + y2 - 4x - 10 y + 19 = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 13x - 3 y = 0 and (c) x2 + y2 - 2x + 6 y - 29 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 - 6x - 4 y + 19 = 0
2 x 2 + 2 y 2 + 4 x - 7 y - 25 = 0 is
(a) 4x 2 + 4 y 2 - 30x - 10 y = 25 58. If two circles, each of radius 5 units, touch each
(b) 4x 2 + 4 y 2 + 30x - 13 y - 25 = 0 other at (1, 2) and the equation of their common
(c) 4x 2 + 4 y 2 - 17x - 10 y + 25 = 0 tangent is 4 x + 3 y = 10, then equation of the circle a
(d) None of the above portion of which lies in all the quadrants, is
(a) x2+ y 2 - 10x - 10 y + 25 = 0
50. If ( - 3, 2) lies on the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0
(b) x2+ y 2 + 6x + 2 y - 15 = 0
which is concentric with the circle
(c) x2+ y 2 + 2x + 6 y - 15 = 0
x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 8 y - 5 = 0, then c is equal to (d) x2+ y 2 + 10x + 10 y + 25 = 0
(a) 11 (b) - 11 (c) 24 (d) 100
59. C1 and C2 are circles of unit radius with centres at
51. Find the equation of a circle concentric with the
circle x 2 + y 2 - 6 x + 12 y + 15 = 0 and has double of (0, 0) and (1, 0) respectively. C3 is a circle of unit
its area. radius, passes through the centres of the circles
(a) x2 + y2 - 6x + 12 y - 15 = 0 C1 and C2 and have its centre above X-axis.
(b) x2 + y2 - 6x - 12 y + 15 = 0 Equation of the common tangent to C1 and C2 which
(c) x2 + y2 - 6x + 12 y + 15 = 0 does not pass through C2 , is
(d) None of the above (a) x - 3 y + 2 = 0 (b) 3x - y + 2 = 0
52. The line x = y touches a circle at the point (1, 1). (c) 3x - y - 2 = 0 (d) x + 3 y + 2 = 0
If the circle also passes through the point (1, - 3), 60. The locus of centre of a circle
then its radius is (JEE Main 2019)
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 2 y + 1 = 0, which rolls outside the
(a) 3 2 (b) 2 2 (c) 2 (d) 3 circle x 2 + y 2 - 6 x + 8 y = 0, is
53. The straight line x + y - 1 = 0 meets the circle (a) x2 + y2 - 2x - 2 y - 34 = 0
2 2
x + y - 6 x - 8 y = 0 at A and B. Then, the (b) x2 + y2 - 6x - 8 y + 11 = 0
equation of the circle of which AB is a diameter, is (c) x2 + y 2 - 6x + 8 y - 11 = 0
(a) x2 + y2 - 2 y - 6 = 0 (b) x2 + y2 + 2 y - 6 = 0 (d) None of the above
(c) 2 (x2 + y2) + 2 y - 6 = 0 (d) 3 (x2 + y2) + 2 y - 6 = 0 61. The locus of the centre of a circle which cuts
54. If a circle C passing through the point (4, 0) touches orthogonally the circle x 2 + y 2 - 20 x + 4 = 0 and
2 2
the circle x + y + 4 x - 6 y = 12 externally at the which touches x = 2 , is
point (1, - 1), then the radius of C is (a) y2 = 16x + 4 (b) x2 = 16 y
(JEE Main 2019) (c) x2 = 16 y + 4 (d) y2 = 16x
(a) 5 (b) 2 5 (c) 57 (d) 4
62. The locus of centres of family of circle passing
55. If P is a point such that the ratio of the squares of through the origin and cutting the circle
the lengths of the tangents from P to the circles
x 2 + y 2 + 4 x - 6 y - 13 = 0 orthogonally, is
x 2 + y 2 + 2 x - 4 y - 20 = 0 and
(a) 4x + 6 y + 13 = 0 (b) 4x - 6 y + 13 = 0
x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 2 y - 44 = 0 is 2 : 3, then the locus of
(c) 4x + 6 y - 13 = 0 (d) 4x - 6 y - 13 = 0
P is a circle with centre
(a) (7, - 8) (b) (- 7, 8) (c) (7, 8) (d) (- 7, - 8) 63. The locus of the centre of circle which cuts the
56. Equation of the circle passing through the point circles x 2 + y 2 + 4 x - 6 y + 9 = 0 and
(3, 4) and concentric with the circle x 2 + y 2 - 4 x + 6 y + 4 = 0 orthogonally, is
x 2 + y 2 - 2 x - 4 y + 1 = 0 is (a) 12x + 8 y + 5 = 0 (b) 8x + 12 y + 5 = 0
(a) x2 + y 2 - 2 x - 4 y = 0 (c) 8x - 12 y + 5 = 0 (d) None of these
(b) x2 + y 2 - 2 x - 4 y + 3 = 0
(c) x2 + y2 - 2x - 4 y - 3 = 0 64. If the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2 ky + 6 = 0 and
(d) None of the above x 2 + y 2 + 2 ky + k = 0 intersect orthogonally, then k is
57. Tangents drawn from the point P (1, 8) to the circle 3 3
(a) 2 or - (b) - 2 or
2 2 2 2
x + y - 6 x - 11 = 0 touch the circle at the points
A and B. The equation of the circumcircle of the 3 3
(c) 2 or (d) - 2 or
D PAB is 2 2
Circles 333

65. The circles x 2 + y 2 + 2 g1x - a 2 = 0 and 3

slope equal to , the coordinates of the centre of S2
4
x 2 + y 2 + 2 g 2 x - a 2 = 0 cut each other orthogonally.
are
If p1 and p2 are perpendiculars from (0, a) and
æ 9 12 ö æ 9 12 ö
(0, - a) on a common tangent of these circles, then (a) ç - , ÷ , ç , - ÷
è 5 5 ø è5 5ø
p1 p2 is equal to æ 9 12 ö æ 9 12 ö
a2 (b) ç - , - ÷ , ç , ÷
(a) (b) a 2 è 5 5 ø è5 5 ø
2 æ 12 9 ö æ 12 9 ö
(c) 2a 2 (d) a 2 + 2 (c) ç , ÷, ç- , ÷
è 5 5ø è 5 5ø
66. If the circle S1 : x 2 + y 2 = 16 intersects another (d) None of the above
circle S1 of radius 5 in such a manner that the 67. Circle x 2 + y 2 - 2 x + lx - 1 = 0 passes through two
common chord is of maximum length and has a fixed points, coordinates of the points are
(a) (0, ± 1)

ROUND II Mixed Bag

Only One Correct Option 6. If a tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 intersects the
1. The set of values of c so that the equations coordinate axes at distinct points P and Q, then the
2 2
y =|x |+ c and x + y - 8 |x |- 9 = 0 have no locus of the mid-point of PQ is (JEE Main 2019)

solution, is (a) x2 + y2 - 2x2y2 = 0 (b) x2 + y2 - 2xy = 0

(c) x2 + y2 - 4x2y2 = 0 (d) x2 + y2 - 16x2y2 = 0
(a) (-¥ , - 3) È (3, ¥ ) (b) (-3, 3)
(c) (-¥ , 5 2 ) È (5 2 , ¥ ) (d) (5 2 - 4, ¥ ) 7. The locus of the centres of the circles, which touch
2. Two rods of lengths a and b slide along the X-axis the circle, x 2 + y 2 = 1 externally, also touch the
Y-axis and lie in the first quadrant, is (JEE Main 2019)
and Y -axis respectively in such a manner that their
(a) y = 1 + 2x, x ³ 0 (b) y = 1 + 4x, x ³ 0
ends are concyclic. The locus of the centre of the (c) x = 1 + 2 y, y ³ 0 (d) x = 1 + 4 y, y ³ 0
circle passing through the end points is
(a) 4(x 2 + y 2) = a 2 + b 2 8. The line 2 x - y + 1 = 0 is a tangent to the circle at
(b) x2 + y2 = a 2 + b2 the point (2, 5) and the centre of the circle lies on
(c) 4(x 2 - y 2) = a 2 - b 2 x - 2 y = 4. Then, the radius of the circle is
(JEE Main 2021)
(d) x2 - y2 = a 2 - b2
(a) 3 5 (b) 5 3 (c) 5 4 (d) 4 5
3. The range of values of a such that the angle q
between the pair of tangents drawn from ( a , 0) to
9. A pair of tangents are drawn to a unit circle with
p centre at the origin and these tangents intersect at
the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 satisfies < q < p, is
2 A enclosing an angle of 60°. The area enclosed by
(a) (1, 2) (b) (1, 2 ) these tangents and the arc of the circle is
2 p p
(c) (- 2 , - 1) (d) (- 2 , - 1) È (1, 2 ) (a) - (b) 3-
3 6 3
4. If OA and OB are equal perpendicular chord of the p 3 æ pö
2 2
(c) - (d) 3 ç1 - ÷
circles x + y - 2 x + 4 y = 0, then equations of 3 6 è 6 ø
OA and OB are (where, O is origin)
10. Let the lengths of intercepts on X-axis and Y -axis
(a) 3x + y = 0 and 3x - y = 0
made by the circle x 2 + y 2 + ax + 2 ay + c = 0 ( a < 0)
(b) 3x + y = 0 and 3 y - x = 0
(c) x + 3 y = 0 and y - 3x = 0 be 2 2 and 2 5, respectively. Then, the shortest
(d) x + y = 0 or x - y = 0 distance from origin to a tangent to this circle
5. Equation of chord of the circle which is perpendicular to the line x + 2 y = 0, is
x 2 + y 2 - 3x - 4 y - 4 = 0, which passes through the equal to (JEE Main 2021)

origin such that the origin divides it in the ratio (a) 11 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 10
4 : 1, is 11. Two circles with radii a and b touch each other
(a) x = 0 (b) 24x + y = 0 externally such that q is the angle between the
(c) 7x + 24 y = 0 (d) 7x - 24 y = 0 direct common tangents ( a > b ³ 2), then
334 JEE Main Mathematics

æ a -bö æ a + bö 20. Choose the incorrect statement about the two

(a) q = 2 cos -1 çç ÷÷ (b) q = 2 tan -1 çç ÷÷
è a + bø è a - bø circles whose equations are given below
æ a + bö æ a -bö x 2 + y 2 - 10 x - 10 y + 41 = 0
(c) q = 2 sin -1 çç ÷÷ (d) q = 2 sin -1 çç ÷÷
è a - bø è a + bø and x 2 + y 2 - 16 x - 10 y + 80 = 0 (JEE Main 2021)
12. The equation of a line inclined at an angle p/4 to (a) Distance between two centres is the average of
the X-axis, such that the two circles x 2 + y 2 = 4, radii of both the circles
x 2 + y 2 - 10 x - 14 y + 65 = 0 intercept equal lengths (b) Both circles centres lie inside region of one
another
on it, is
(c) Both circles pass through the centre of each other
(a) 2x - 2 y - 3 = 0 (b) 2x - 2 y + 3 = 0
(d) Circles have two intersection points
(c) x - y + 6 = 0 (d) x - y - 6 = 0
13. The sum of the squares of the lengths of the chords 21. Let C be the circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 3.
2 2
intercepted on the circle, x + y = 16, by the lines, The equation of the locus of the mid-points of the
x + y = n, n Î N , where N is the set of all natural chords of the circle C that subtend an angle 2 p/3 at
numbers, is (JEE Main 2019)
its centre is
27 9
(a) 320 (b) 105 (c) 160 (d) 210 (a) x 2 + y 2 = (b) x 2 + y 2 =
4 4
14. A square is inscribed in the circle 2 2 3
(c) x + y = (d) x 2 + y 2 = 1
2 2
x + y - 6 x + 8 y - 103 = 0 with its sides parallel to 2
the coordinate axes. Then, the distance of the vertex 22. If the lines 3x - 4 y - 7 = 0 and 2 x - 3 y - 5 = 0 are
of this square which is nearest to the origin is two diameters of a circle of area 49p sq units, the
(JEE Main 2019) equation of the circle is
(a) 6 (b) 13 (c) 41 (d) 137 (a) x2 + y 2 + 2x - 2 y - 62 = 0
15. A circle touches the Y -axis at the point (b) x2 + y 2 - 2x + 2 y - 62 = 0
(0, 4) and passes through the point (2, 0). Which of (c) x2 + y 2 - 2x + 2 y - 47 = 0
the following lines is not a tangent to this circle? (d) x2 + y 2 + 2x - 2 y - 47 = 0
(JEE Main 2020)
(a) 4x - 3 y + 17 = 0 (b) 3x + 4 y - 6 = 0 Numerical Value Type Questions
(c) 4x + 3 y - 8 = 0 (d) 3x - 4 y - 24 = 0 23. Let PQ be a diameter of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 9. If a
16. The length of the diameter of the circle which and b are the lengths of the perpendiculars from P
touches the X-axis at the point (1, 0) and passes and Q on the straight line, x + y = 2 respectively,
through the point (2, 3) is (AIEEE 2012) then the maximum value of ab is ……… .
(JEE Main 2020)
10 3 6 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 5 5 3 24. If the curves, x 2 - 6 x + y 2 + 8 = 0 and
x 2 - 8 y + y 2 + 16 - k = 0, ( k > 0) touch each other at
17. The two circles x 2 + y 2 = ax and x 2 + y 2 = c2 , ( c > 0)
a point, then the largest value of k is ........ .
touch each other, if (JEE Main 2020)
(a) |a|= c (b) a = 2c (c) |a|= 2c (d) 2|a|= c
25. A circle passes through the points (0, 0) and (0, 1)
18. If P and Q are the points of intersection of the and also touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = 16. The radius
circles x 2 + y 2 + 3x + 7 y + 2 p - 5 = 0 and of the circle is ............
x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2 y - p 2 = 0, then there is a circle
passing through P, Q and (1, 1) and 26. If the length of the tangent from any point on the
(a) all values of p circle ( x - 3) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = 5 r 2 to the circle
(b) all except one value of p ( x - 3) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 = r 2 is 16 units, then the area
(c) all except two values of p between the two circles (in sq units) is kp, then k is
(d) exactly one value of p equal to ............
19. Consider a family of circles which are passing 27. Let ABCD be a square of side of unit length.
through the point ( - 1, 1) and are tangent to X-axis. Let a circle C1 centered at A with unit radius is
If ( h, k) is the centre of circle, then drawn. Another circle C2 which touches C1 and the
(a) k ³ 1/2 (b) - 1/ 2 £ k £ 1/2
lines AD and AB are tangent to it, is also drawn.
(c) k £ 1/2 (d) 0 < k < 1/2
Let a tangent line from the point C to the circle
Circles 335

C2 meet the side AB at E. If the length of EB is 29. The value of|a|for which the common chord of the
a + 3b, where a, b are integers, then a + b is circles x 2 + y 2 = 8 and ( x - a) 2 + y 2 = 8 subtends a
equal to ............ . right angle at the origin are ............
28. The length of the common chord of two circles of 30. If q be the angle between two tangents which are
k drawn to the circle x 2 + y 2 - 6 3x - 6 y + 27 = 0
radii 3 and 4 unit which intersect orthogonally is ,
5 from the origin, then 2 3 tan q equals ............
then k equals ............

Answers
Round I
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (c) 27. (c) 28. (b) 29. (c) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (c) 33. (c) 34. (a) 35. (c) 36. (d) 37. (b) 38. (c) 39. (b) 40. (c)
41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (d) 44. (d) 45. (b) 46. (d) 47. (b) 48. (b) 49. (b) 50. (b)
51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (a) 54. (a) 55. (b) 56. (c) 57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (b) 60. (c)
61. (d) 62. (d) 63. (c) 64. (a) 65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (a)

Round II
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (c) 16. (a) 17. (a) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (b)
21. (b) 22. (c) 23. (7) 24. (36) 25. (2) 26. (256) 27. (1) 28. (24) 29. (4) 30. (6)

Solutions
Round I The equation of circle, if centre is (2, –3) and radius is 5,
2 2 l2 is
1. Since, x + y + 2lx + = 0 is a circle representing
2 (x - 2)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 52
meaningful radius. Þ x + y2 - 4x + 6 y + 13 = 25
2

l2 æ 2ö Þ x2 + y2 - 4x + 6 y - 12 = 0
Þ l2 - ³0 çQ r = l2 - l ÷
2 ç 2÷ 4. Let the equation of circle be
è ø
Þ l2 ³ 0 x2 + y2 + 2 gx + 2 fg + c = 0 …(i)
which is always true, " l Î R. Since, it is passing through the points (2, 3) and (4, 5).

2. The centre of the given circle x2 + y2 - 4x - 6 y + 11 = 0 is \ 22 + 32 + 2 g (2) + 2 f (3) + c = 0

(2, 3). Þ 4 g + 6 f + c + 13 = 0 …(ii)
Let the other end of diameter is (x1 , y1 ). and 42 + 52 + 2 g (4) + 2 f (5) + c = 0
æ x + 3 y1 + 4 ö Þ 8 g + 10 f + c + 41 = 0 …(iii)
Since, centre = ç 1 , ÷
è 2 2 ø On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (iii), we get
æ x + 3 y1 + 4 ö 4 g + 4 f + 28 = 0
\ (2, 3) = ç 1 , ÷
è 2 2 ø Þ g + f + 7 =0 …(iv)
x +3 Also, centre (- g , - f ) lies on line y - 4x + 3 = 0
Þ 2= 1
2 \ - f + 4g + 3 = 0 …(v)
y1 + 4 On solving Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get
3= Þ x1 = 1, y1 = 2
2
g = - 2, f = - 5
\ Coordinates of other end of the diameter is (1, 2).
On putting g = - 2, f = - 5 in Eq. (ii), we get
3. It is given, centre is (2, –3) and circumference of circle 4 (- 2) + 6 (- 5) + c + 13 = 0 Þ c = 25
= 10p
\ From Eq. (i), x2 + y2 - 4x - 10 y + 25 = 0 C2
Þ 2pr = 10p Þ r = 5
336 JEE Main Mathematics

5. Let the equation of circle be 9. From figure, we have

(x - 3)2 + ( y - 0)2 + ly = 0 OP = 5, OQ = 6
Y 5
and OM = , CM = 3
2
\ In DOMC , OC 2 = OM 2 + MC 2
A (3, 0) 2
X¢ X æ5ö 61
Þ OC 2 = ç ÷ + (3)2 Þ OC =
P è2ø 2
(1, –2)
Y
Y¢
As it passes through (1, - 2). Q

(1 - 3)2+ (- 2)2 + l (- 2) = 0
\
6
C (52 , 3)
Þ 4 + 4 - 2l = 0 Þ l = 4
\ Equation of circle is (x - 3)2 + y2 + 4 y = 0. M
O P X
By hit and trial method, we see that point (5, - 2)
5
satisfies equation of circle.
6. Given, equation of the circle is æ5 ö
Thus, the required circle has its centre ç , 3÷ and
x2 + y2 + 4x - 10 y - 7 = 0 è2 ø
61
whose centre is (- 2, 5) and radius (r ) = 4 + 25 + 7 = 6 radius .
2
Distance of point (4, - 3) from centre (- 2, 5) is 2
æ 5ö æ 61 ö
(- 2 - 4)2 + (5 + 3)2 = 100 = 10 Hence, its equation is ç x - ÷ + ( y - 3)2 = ç ÷ .
è 2ø è4ø
Also, we check whether the point lies inside the circle 61
or not. Hence, l=
4
(4)2 + (- 3)2 + 4 × 4 - 10 × (- 3) - 7 = 64 > 0
10. Given equation of circle is x2 + y2 - 4x + 6 y - 12 = 0, whose
So, minimum distance = 10 - 6 = 4
centre is (2, - 3) and radius
and maximum distance = 10 + 6 = 16
= 2 2 + (- 3) 2 + 12 = 4 + 9 + 12 = 5
\ Sum of the minimum and maximum distances
= 4 + 16 = 20 Now, according to given information, we have the
following figure.
7. Since, circle touches X-axis and Y -axis at points (1, 0)
and (0, 1), respectively. S
So, centre of circle is (1, 1) and radius is 1.
A (–3, 2) C
Y

O (2,–3)
B
(0, 1)
(1,1)
x2 + y2 – 4x + 6y – 12 = 0
X¢ X
(1,0)
Clearly, AO ^ BC, as O is mid-point of the chord.
Y¢ Now, in DAOB, we have
OA = (- 3 - 2) 2 + (2 + 3) 2
Hence, equation of circle is
(x - 1)2 + ( y - 1)2 = 12 = 25 + 25 = 50 = 5 2
Þ 2 2
x + y - 2 x - 2y + 1 = 0 and OB = 5
8. The intersection point of diameter lines is (2, 3) which is \ AB = OA 2 + OB2
the centre of circle. = 50 + 25 = 75 = 5 3
Now, radius = (5 - 2)2 + (7 - 3)2 = 9 + 16 = 5 11. Equation of given circle
Hence, required equation of circle is x2 + y 2 = r 2 …(i)
2 2 2
(x - 2) + ( y - 3) = 5 and the chord
Þ x2 + y2 - 4x - 6 y - 12 = 0 y = 2x + 3 …(ii)
Circles 337

Also, y1 and y2 are roots of the equation

2 2
x +y =r 2 y2 + 2 py - q2 = 0.
C (0, 0) \ y1 + y2 = - 2 p
r d
and y1 y2 = - q2
The equation of the circle with P (x1 , y1 ) and Q (x2, y2) as
A r/2 M r/2 B y=2x+3
the end points of diameter is
From the figure (x - x1 )(x - x2) + ( y - y1 )( y - y2) = 0
2 2
AB = r [given] Þ x + y - x (x1 + x2) - y( y1 + y2) + x1x2 + y1 y2 = 0
r 3 2
3 Þ x2 + y2 + 2 ax + 2 py - b2 - q2 = 0
2
d= r – = r and d =
4 2 1+4 16. The point should lies on the opposite side of the origin of
3 3 12 the line x + y - 1 = 0
\ = r Þ r2 = Y
5 2 5
12. Now, the coordinates of the centre (a, a)
A M(h, k) B
and radius of the given circle are
(1, 1) and 2 respectively. 2 120°
X
O
Let AB be the chord subtending an O
æ 2p ö (1, 1) Then, a + a -1 >0
angle of ç ÷ at the centre.
è3ø 1
Þ 2a >1 Þ a> …(i)
2
Also, M (h , k) be the mid-point
Also, (a 2 + a 2) < 1
of AB.
p æ 3ö æ 1 ö æ 1 ö
\In DOAM , AM = OA × sin = 2 çç ÷= 3 Þ ç- ÷<a<ç ÷ …(ii)
3 ÷ è 2 ø è 2ø
è 2 ø
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
\ OM = OA - AM = 4 - ( 3 )2 = 1
2 2 2
1 1
But OM 2 = (h - 1 )2 + (k - 1 )2 <a<
2 2
Þ (h - 1 )2 + (k - 1 )2 = 1
\The locus of (h , k) is (x - 1 )2 + ( y - 1 )2 = 1 17. Let the equation of L1 be y = mx. Since, the intercepts
Þ x2 + y2 - 2x - 2 y + 1 = 0 made by the circle on L1 and L 2 are equal, their
13. Given equation of circle can be rewritten as distances from the centre of the circle are also equal.
k æ1 3ö
x2 + y 2 - 2 x + 4 y +
=0 The centre of the given circle is ç , - ÷ .
4 è2 2ø
k k ½1 - 3 - 1½ ½m ´ 1 + 3½
\ Radius of circle = 1 + 4 - = 5 - ½2 2 ½ ½
4 4 \ = 2 2½
½
½ 1 + 1 ½ ½
½ ½ m2 + 1 ½½
Area of circle = 9p (given)
kö ½ ½ ½ ½
æ
Þ p ç5 - ÷ = 9p 2 |m + 3|
è 4 ø Þ =
k 2 2 m2 + 1
Þ 5 -9 = Þ k = - 16
4 Þ 8(m2 + 1) = (m + 3)2
14. Let the equation of circle is Þ 7m2 - 6m - 1 = 0
x2 + y2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 Þ ( m - 1 )( 7m + 1 ) = 0
æ 1ö 1
Since, çm, ÷ lies on this circle. Þ m = 1 or m = -
è mø 7
1 2f So, the equations representing L1 are
\ m2 + 2 + 2 gm + + c=0
m m æ 1ö
y = x or y = ç- ÷ x
Þ m4 + 2 gm3 + cm2 + 2 fm + 1 = 0 è 7ø
Þ m1m2 m3m4 = 1
Þ x - y = 0 or x + 7y = 0
15. Let x1 and x2 are the roots of the equation
18. Given equation of circle is x2 + y2 = r 2. Let any point on
x2 + 2 ax - b2 = 0. the circle be P (r cos q, r sin q) and let the coordinates of
\ x1 + x2 = - 2 a centroid of the triangle be (a , b ).
and x1x2 = - b2
338 JEE Main Mathematics

Y
21. Let AB is a chord and its equation is y = mx. …(i)
Y
B(0, r )
B
P(r cos q, r sin q)
x 2 + y 2 – 2ax = 0
A(r, 0) M
O X (0, 0)
X
A C(a, 0)
r + r cos q
Then, a=
3
r r
Þ cos q = a - Equation of CM which is perpendicular to AB, is
3 3
r + r sin q x + my = l
and b=
3 It passes through the centre (a , 0).
r r
Þ sin q = b - Þ x + my = a …(ii)
3 3
rö
2
rö
2
r2 On eliminating m from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
æ æ
Now, ç a - ÷ + çb - ÷ = x2 + y2 = ax
è 3ø è 3ø 9
2 2 2 2 2
æ rö æ rö æ rö Þ x + y - ax = 0 is the locus of the centre of the
\ The locus is ç x - ÷ + ç y - ÷ = ç ÷ which is a required circle.
è 3 ø è 3 ø è3ø
circle. x y
22. Equation of line is + =1 …(i)
a b
19. Since, the given line touches the given circle, the length
of the perpendicular from the centre (2, 4) of the circle to Let P be the foot of the perpendicular drawn from the
the line 3x - 4 y - k = 0 is equal to the radius origin to the line whose coordinates are (x1 , y1 ).
4 + 16 + 5 = 5 of the circle. Since, OP ^ AB.
3 ´2 - 4 ´4 - k Y
\ = ± 5 Þ k = 15 (Q k > 0)
9 + 16
B(0, b)
Now, equation of the tangent at (a , b) to the given circle is
xa + yb - 2(x + a ) - 4( y + b) - 5 = 0 P(x1, y1)
Þ (a - 2)x + (b - 4) y - (2 a + 4b + 5) = 0 A(a, 0)
X
If it represents the given line 3x - 4 y - k = 0 (0, 0)O
a - 2 b - 4 2a + 4b + 5 \ Slope of OP ´ Slope of AB = - 1
Then, = = =l (say)
3 -4 k æ y1 ö æ b ö
Þ çç ÷÷ ç ÷ = -1
Þ a = 3l + 2 , b = 4 - 4l è x1 ø è -a ø
and 2a + 4b + 5 = kl
Þ by1 = ax1 …(ii)
Þ 2(3l + 2) + 4(4 - 4l ) + 5 = 15l (Q k = 15)
Since, P lies on the line AB, then
Þ l = 1 Þ a = 5, b = 0 x1 y
\ k + a + b = 15 + 5 + 0 = 20 + 1 =1
a b
20. Given equation of line is Þ bx1 + ay1 = ab …(iii)
3x - 2 y = k …(i) From Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
and equation of circle is ab2
x1 = 2
x2 + y2 = 4r 2 …(ii) a + b2
3 k a 2b
Eq. (i) can be rewritten as y = x - and y1 = 2
2 2 a + b2
3 k 2 2
Þ m= , c=- æ ab2 ö æ a 2b ö
2 2 Now, x12 + y12 = çç 2 ÷ +ç
2÷
÷
ç a 2 + b2 ÷
èa + b ø è ø
The line will meet the circle in one point, if c = a 1 + m2
2 2 a 2b4 a 4b2
2 Þ x1 + y1 = 2 +
k æ3ö (a + b2)2 (a 2 + b2)2
Þ - = (2 r ) 1 + ç ÷
2 è2ø a 2b2(a 2 + b2)
Þ x12 + y12 =
On squaring, we get (a 2 + b2)2
k2 13 a 2b2
Þ = 4r 2 ´ Þ k2 = 52 r 2 Þ x12 + y12 = 2
4 4 (a + b2)
Circles 339

1 27. Centre of circle is (0, 0).

Þ x12 + y12 =
1 1
+ Equation of tangent which is (0, 0)
a 2 b2 parallel to x + 2 y + 3 = 0 is
1 1 1
But 2
+ 2= 2 (given) x + 2y + l = 0 …(i)
a b c
\ x12 + y12 = c2 As we know perpendicular distance x + 2y + l = 0
from centre (0, 0) to x + 2 y + l = 0
Thus, the locus of P (x1 , y1 ) is
should be equal to radius.
x2 + y2 = c2 0 + 2 ´0 + l
which is the equation of circle. \ = ±2 Þ l = ±2 5
12 + 22
23. The intersection of line and circle is
On putting the value of l in Eq. (i), we get
x2 + m2x2 - 20mx + 90 = 0
x + 2y = ± 2 5
Þ x2 (1 + m2) - 20 mx + 90 = 0
which represents the required equation of tangents.
Now, D <0
28. According to given information, we have the following
[since the line does not intersect the circle]
figure.
Þ 400m2 - 4 ´ 90 (1 + m2) < 0
Þ 40m2 < 360
\ |m| < 3
C
24. The intersection point of line y = 7x - 25 and circle
2 2 2 2 B
x + y = 25 is x + (7x - 25) = 25. F
2 c
Þ 50x - 350x + 600 = 0 b E
Þ (x - 3) (x - 4) = 0 D a
A
Þ x = 3, x = 4 Þ y = -4, 3
where A , B, C are the centres of the circles
So, coordinates are A (3, - 4) and B(4, 3).
Clearly, AB = a + b (sum of radii) and BD = b - a
\ Distance between A and B = (4 - 3)2 + (3 + 4)2
\ AD = (a + b)2 - (b - a )2
=5 2
[using Pythagoras theorem in DABD]
Alternate Method = 2 ab
a 2(1 + m2) - c2 Similarly, AC = a + c and CE = c - a
Required distance = 2
1 + m2 \In DACE, AE = (a + c)2 - (c - a )2 = 2 ac
25(1 + 49) - 625 Similarly, BC = b + c and CF = c - b
=2 =5 2
1 + 49 \In DBCF, BF = (b + c)2 - (c - b)2 = 2 bc
Q AD + AE = BF
25. Given, y = x tan a + a
\ 2 ab + 2 ac = 2 bc
Condition for tangency is a 2 = a 2(1 + tan 2 a ) 1 1 1
Þ + =
[Q c2 = a 2(1 + m2)] c b a
Þ sec2a = 1 Þ cos 2 a = 1
29. Given equation of circle is
26. Let a be the radius of the circle and centre of circle will x2 + y2 - 2x - 6 y + 6 = 0 …(i)
be (- a , - a ).
Its centre is (1, 3) and radius = 1 + 9 - 6 = 2
Since, the perpendicular distance from centre to the Equation of any line through (0, 1) is
tangent is equal to the radius of the circle.
y - 1 = m (x - 0) Þ mx - y + 1 = 0 …(ii)
3(- a ) - 4(- a ) + 8
\ a= If it touches the circle (i), then the length of
32 + (-4)2 perpendicular from centre (1, 3) to the circle is equal to
a+8 radius 2.
Þ a= m -3 + 1
5 \ =±2
Þ 4a = 8 Þ a = 2 m2 + 1
\Equation of circle is Þ (m - 2)2 = 4 (m2 + 1) Þ 3m2 + 4m = 0
(x + 2)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 22 4
\ m = 0, -
3
Þ x 2 + 4 x + 4 + y2 + 4 y + 4 = 4
On substituting these values of m in Eq. (ii), we get the
Þ x2 + y2 + 4x + 4 y + 4 = 0 required tangents are y - 1 = 0 and 4x + 3 y - 3 = 0.
340 JEE Main Mathematics

30. The tangent at (1, 7) to the parabola x2 = y - 6 is \ According to question,

1 x12 + y12 + 4x1 + 3 2
( y + 7) - 6
x= =
2 x12 + y12 - 6x1 + 5 3
Þ 2x = y + 7 - 12 Þ y = 2x + 5
Þ 9x12
+ 9 y12
+ 36x1 + 27 - 4x12 - 4 y12 + 24x1 - 20 = 0
which is also tangent to the circle
Þ 5x12 + 5 y12 + 60x1 + 7 = 0
x2 + y2 + 16x + 12 y + c = 0 2 2
\ Locus of point is 5x + 5 y + 60x + 7 = 0.
2 2
\ x + (2x + 5) + 16x + 12(2x + 5) + c = 0
34. Since, S1 : x2 + y2 - 6x - 8 y = 0
Þ 5x2 + 60x + 85 + c = 0
S 2 : x2 + y2 - 12x - 16 y + 12 = 0
must have equal roots.
Now, according to given condition, we have
Let a and b are the roots of the equation.
| PT1 | = | PT2|
Þ a + b = - 12 Þ a = -6 (Q a = b )
Þ a 2 + b2 - 6a - 8b = a 2 + b2 - 12a - 16b + 12
\ x = -6
Þ a 2 + b2 - 6a - 8b = a 2 + b2 - 12a - 16b + 12
and y = 2x + 5 = - 7
\ 6a + 8b = 12 Þ 3a + 4b - 6 = 0
Þ Point of contact is (– 6, – 7).
35. Let any point P (x1 , y1 ) outside the circle. Then, equation
31. Required length of tangent from the point (3, – 4) to the
of tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 6 y = 2 at the point
circle x2 + y2 - 4x - 6 y + 3 = 0
P is
= 32 + 42 - 4(3) - 6(-4) + 3 = 40 xx1 + yy1 + 3(x + x1 ) + 3( y + y1 ) - 2 = 0 …(i)

\ Square of length of tangent = 40 The Eq. (i) and the line 5x - 2 y + 6 = 0 intersect at a
point Q on Y -axis i.e., x = 0.
32. Let PQ and RP be the two tangents and P be the point Þ 5 (0) - 2 y + 6 = 0 Þ y = 3
on the circle x2 + y2 = a 2 whose coordinates are \Coordinates of Q are (0, 3).
(a cos t , a sin t ) and ÐOPQ = q Point Q satisfies Eq. (i).
\ 3x1 + 6 y1 + 7 = 0 ...(ii)
Q Distance between P and Q is given by
q PQ 2 = x12 + ( y1 - 3)2
O P
= x12 + y12 - 6 y1 + 9 = 11 - 6x1 - 12 y1
(Q x12 + y12 + 6x1 + 6 y1 - 2 = 0)
R
= 11 - 2(3x1 + 6 y1 )
= 11 - 2 (-7 ) = 25 [from Eq. (ii)]
Now, PQ = Length of tangent from P on the circle \ PQ = 5
2 2 2 2
x + y = a sin a 36. Let the equation of circle be
\ PQ = a 2 cos 2 t + a 2 sin 2 t - a 2 sin 2 a x2 + y2 + 2 gx + 2 fgy = 0 (passing through origin)
2 2
= a (cos t + sin t ) - a sin a2 2 2 Radius = g2 + f 2

= a cos a (Q cos 2 t + sin 2 t = 1 ) Y

and OQ = Radius of the circle (x2 + y2 = a 2 sin 2 a ) B

n
Þ OQ = a sin a
OQ
\ tan q = X
PQ O A
a sin a m
= = tan a Þ q = a
a cos a Now, equation of tangent at O(0, 0) is
\ Angle between tangents = ÐQPR = 2 q = 2 a x(0) + y(0) + g (x) + f ( y) = 0 Þ gx + fy = 0
33. Let P (x1 , y1 ) be any point outside the circle. Length of 2 g2
Distance from A (2 g , 0) = =m
tangent to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 3 = 0 is g2 + f 2
x12 + y12 + 4x1 + 3 2f 2
and distance from B (0, 2 f ) = =n
2
and length of tangent of the circle x + y - 6x + 5 = 0 is2 g2 + f 2

x12 + y12 - 6x1 + 5 2 r2

Þ =m + n Þ 2r =m + n
r
Circles 341

37. Let OA and OB be the tangents from the origin to the 41. Y
given circle with centre C (-3, 5) and radius P(1, Ö3)
9 + 25 - c = 34 - c . A(4, 0)
O X
Then, area of the quadrilateral,
æ1ö
OACB = 2 ´ Area of the DOAC = 2 ´ ç ÷ ´ OA ´ AC
è2ø
Now, OA = Length of the tangent from the origin to the Equation of tangent to x2 + y2 = 4 at (1, 3 ) on the circle
given circle = c is
and AC = Radius of the circle = 34 - c x + 3y = 4 …(i)
So, that c 34 - c = 8 (given) Now, any line perpendicular to Eq. (i) and passing
Þ c (34 - c) = 64 through (1, 3 ) or centre (0, 0) is normal to circle at
Þ 2
c - 34c + 64 = 0 (1, 3 ).
38. The equation of tangent to the given circle \Equation of normal is
2x2 + 2 y2 - 2x - 5 y + 3 = 0 at point (1, 1) is 3x - y + l = 0
5 l =0
2x + 2 y - (x + 1 ) - ( y + 1 ) + 3 = 0
2 Since, this line passes through origin.
1 1 \ 3 (0) - (0) + l = 0
Þ x- y- =0
2 2 Þ l =0
Þ 2x - y - 1 = 0 Þ Equation of normal is
Þ y = 2x - 1 3x - y = 0
1 Intercept of tangent on X-axis A(4, 0)
Slope of tangent = 2 , therefore slope of normal = - .
2 1
Now, ar (DOAP ) = ( AP )(OP )
Hence, equation of normal at point (1, 1) and having 2
æ 1ö 1
slope ç - ÷ is \ ar (DOAP ) = ´ 2 12 = 2 3 sq units
è 2ø 2
1
y - 1 = - (x - 1 ) Þ 2 y - 2 = - x + 1 Þ x + 2 y = 3 42. The combined equation of the lines joining the origin to
2 the points of intersection of x cos a + y sin a = p and
39. Since, normal passes through the centre of the circle. x2 + y2 - a 2 = 0 is a homogeneous equation of second
degree given by
\The required circle is the circle with ends of diameter 2
as (3, 4) and (– 1, – 2). æ x cos a + y sin a ö
x2 + y2 - a 2 ç ÷ =0
\It’s equation is è p ø
(x - 3)(x + 1 ) + ( y - 4)( y + 2) = 0 Þ [x2( p2 - a 2 cos 2 a ) + y2( p2 - a 2 sin 2 a )
Þ x 2 - 2 x - 3 + y2 - 2 y - 8 = 0 - 2xya 2 sin a cos a = 0]
Þ x 2 + y2 - 2x - 2 y - 11 = 0 The lines given by this equation are at right angle, if

40. Since, the line ax + by = 0 touches the circle ( p2 - a 2 cos 2 a ) + ( p2 - a 2 sin 2 a ) = 0

2 2
x + y + 2x + 4 y = 0, distance of the centre (– 1, – 2) Þ 2 p2 = a 2(sin 2 a + cos 2 a )
from the line = radius Þ a 2 = 2 p2
- a - 2b 43. Let the equation of circles are
\ = (- 1)2 + (- 22)
2
a +b 2 S1 º x2 + y2 + 2x - 3 y + 6 = 0 …(i)
S 2 º x2 + y2 + x - 8 y - 13 = 0 …(ii)
Þ (a + 2b)2 = 5(a 2 + b2)
\Equation of common chord is
Þ a + 4b2 + 4ab = 5a 2 + 5b2
2
S1 - S 2 = 0
Þ (2a - b)2 = 0 Þ b = 2a
Also, ax + by = 0 is normal to the circle Þ (x + y + 2x - 3 y + 6) - (x2 + y2 + x - 8 y - 13) = 0
2 2

x2 + y2 - 4x + 2 y - 3 = 0, the centre (2, – 1) should lie on Þ x + 5 y + 19 = 0 …(iii)

ax + by = 0 In the given option only the point (1, – 4) satisfied the
\ 2a - b = 0 Þ b = 2a Eq. (iii).
Hence, a = 1, b = 2
342 JEE Main Mathematics

44. Suppose AB is a chord of the circle Y 47. Let, the length of common chord = AB = 2 AM = 2x
through A ( p, q) having M (h , 0) as
its mid-point. The coordinates of B A
are (- p + 2h , - q). 12 5
) A (p , q )
As, B lies on the circle 0 C2
( h, C1
M
x2 + y2 = px + qy, we have M X 12 5
O
B
(- p + 2 h )2 + (- q)2 B
= p(- p + 2 h ) + q(- q)
Þ 2 p2 + 2q2 - 6 ph + 4h 2 = 0 Now, C1C 2 = AC12 + AC 22
Þ 2 h 2 - 3 ph + p2 + q2 = 0 …(i) [Q circles intersect each other at 90º] … (i)
As, there are two distinct chords from A ( p, q) which are and C1C 2 = C1M + MC 2
bisected on X-axis, there must be two distinct values of Þ C1C 2 = 12 - AM 2 + 52 - AM 2
2
… (ii)
h satisfying Eq. (i).
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
D = 9 p2 - (4)(2)( p2 + q2) > 0 Þ p2 > 8q2
AC12 + AC 22 = 144 - AM 2 + 25 - AM 2
45. Let the point on x2 + y2 = a 2 is (a cos q, a sin q)
Þ 144 + 25 = 144 - x2 + 25 - x2
Equation of chord of contact is
ax cos q + ay sin q = b2 Þ 13 = 144 - x2 + 25 - x2
It touches circle x2 + y2 = c2 On squaring both sides, we get
½ -b2 ½ 169 = 144 - x2 + 25 - x2 + 2 144 - x2 25 - x2
\ ½ 2 2 2 2
½= c
½ a cos q + a sin q½ Þ x2 = 144 - x2 25 - x2
Þ b2 = ac Again, on squaring both sides, we get
\ a , b and c are in GP. x4 = (144 - x2) (25 - x2)
46. Given, equation of circles are = (144 ´ 25) - (25 + 144)x2 + x4
144 ´ 25 12 ´ 5 60
x2 + y2 - 4 y = 0 Þ x2 = Þx= = cm
2 2 169 13 13
and x + y - 8x - 4 y + 11 = 0
120
\ Equation of chord is Now, length of common chord 2x = cm
13
x2 + y2 - 4 y - (x2 + y2 - 8x - 4 y + 11) = 0 Þ 8x - 11 = 0
48. Given that, circle S1 º x2 + y2 + 4x + 22 y + c = 0 bisects
the circumference of the circle
P
S 2 º x2 + y2 - 2x + 8 y - d = 0.
The common chord of the given circles is
O M O¢
S1 - S 2 = 0
Þ x2 + y2 + 4x + 22 y + c - x2 - y2 + 2x - 8 y + d = 0
Q Þ 6x + 14 y + c + d = 0 …(i)
So, Eq. (i) passes through the centre of the second circle,
So, centre and radius of first circle are O(0, 2) and
i.e., (1, – 4).
OP = r = 2.
Now, perpendicular distance from O(0, 2) to the line \ 6 - 56 + c + d = 0 Þ c + d = 50
8x - 11 is 49. The required equation of circle is
|8 ´ 0 - 11| 11 1 25 ö
d = OM = = æ
8 (x2 + y2 + 13x - 3 y) + l ç11x + y + ÷ = 0 …(i)
82 è 2 2ø
In DOMP, PM = OP 2 - OM 2 It passes through (1, 1).
2 1
æ 11 ö 121 \ 12 + l(24) = 0 Þ l = -
= 22 - ç ÷ = 4- 2
è8ø 64
On putting in Eq. (i), we get
256 - 121 135
= = 11 1 25
64 8 x2 + y2 + 13x - 3 y - x- y- =0
2 4 4
135 135 Þ 4x2 + 4 y2 + 52x - 12 y - 22x - y - 25 = 0
\ Length of chord PQ = 2PM = 2 ´ = cm
8 4
Þ 4x2 + 4 y2 + 30x - 13 y - 25 = 0
Circles
50. Let the equation of circles be
S1 º x2 + y2 + 13x - 3 y = 0 …(i)
and S 2 º 2x2 + 2 y2 + 4x - 7 y - 25 = 0 …(ii)
The equation of intersecting circle is lS1 + S 2 = 0.
æ 7 y 25 ö
Þ l(x2 + y2 + 13x - 3 y) + ç x2 + y2 + 2x - - ÷ =0
è 2 2ø
é æ7 ö 25 ù
Þ ê x2(1 + l ) + y2(1 + l ) + x (2 + 13l ) - y ç + 3l ÷ -
ë è 2 ø 2û
=0 …(iii)
é (2 + 13l ) ( 7 / 2) + 3l ù
\ Centre = ê - , Hence, required equation is
ë 2 (1 + l ) 2 (1 + l ) úû
Q Centre lies on 13x + 30 y = 0.
æ 2 + 13l ö é (7/ 2) + 3l ù
Þ -13 ç ÷ + 30 ê úû = 0
è 2 ø ë 2
Þ -26 - 169l + 105 + 90l = 0 Þ l = 1
Hence, putting the value of x in Eq. (iii), then required
equation of circle is
4x2 + 4 y2 + 30x - 13 y - 25 = 0
51. Equation of family of concentric circles to the circle
x2 + y2 + 6x + 8 y - 5 = 0 is x2 + y2 + 6x + 8 y + l = 0.
which is similar to x2 + y2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0. Since, it is
equation of concentric circle to the circle
x2 + y2 + 6x + 8 y - 5 = 0. Thus, the point (–3, 2) lies on
the circle x2 + y2 + 6x + 8 y + c = 0.
Þ (-3)2 + (2)2 + 6(-3) + 8(2) + c = 0
Þ 9 + 4 - 18 + 16 + c = 0
Þ c = - 11
52. Centre of given circle x2 + y2 - 6x + 12 y + 15 = 0 is (3, - 6).
\ Radius = (3)2 + (-6)2 - 15 = 30
Area of circle = pr 2 = p ( 30 )2 = 30p
Area of require circle = 2 (Area of given circle)
\ pR2 = 2 ´ 30p = 60p
Þ R2 = 60 Þ R = 2 15
\Equation of required circle is
(x - 3)2 + ( y + 6)2 = (2 15 )2
2 2
Þ x + 9 - 6x + y + 36 + 12 y = 60
Þ x2 + y2 - 6x + 12 y - 15 = 0
53. Since, the equation of a family of circles touching line
L =0 at their point of contact(x1 , y1 )
(x - x1 )2 + ( y - y1 )2 + l L = 0, where l Î R.
\ Equation of circle, touches the x = y at point (1, 1) is
(x - 1)2 + ( y - 1)2 + l (x - y) = 0
Þ x2 + y2 + (l - 2)x + (- l - 2) y + 2 = 0
Q Circle (i) passes through point (1, - 3).
\ 1 + 9 + (l - 2) + 3(l + 2) + 2 = 0
Þ 4l + 16 = 0 Þ l = - 4
So, equation of circle (i) at l = - 4 , is
x2 + y2 - 6x + 2 y + 2 = 0
Now, radius of the circle = 9 + 1 - 2 = 2 2.
343
54. Required equation of circle is
x2 + y2 - 6x - 8 y + l (x + y - 1) = 0
or x2 + y2 - (6 - l ) x - (8 - l ) y - l = 0,
æ l lö
whose centre is ç3 - , 4 - ÷ and
è 2 2ø
which lies on the line x + y - 1 = 0.
ú l l
Þ 3 - + 4 - -1 =0
2 2
Þ l =6
x2 + y 2 - 6 x - 8 y + 6 x + 6 y - 6 = 0
Þ x2 + y 2 - 2 y - 6 = 0
55. Equation of tangent to the circle
x2 + y2 + 4x - 6 y - 12 = 0 at (1, - 1) is given by
xx1 + yy1 + 2 (x + x1 ) - 3 ( y + y1 ) - 12 = 0,
where x1 = 1 and y1 = - 1
Þ x - y + 2 (x + 1) - 3( y - 1) - 12 = 0
Þ 3x - 4 y - 7 = 0
This will also a tangent to the required circle.
Now, equation of family of circles touching the line
3x - 4 y - 7 = 0 at point (1, - 1) is given by
(x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 + l (3x - 4 y - 7) = 0
So, the equation of required circle will be
(x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 + l (3x - 4 y - 7) = 0,
for some l Î R …(i)
Q The required circle passes through (4, 0)
\(4 - 1)2 + (0 + 1)2 + l (3 ´ 4 - 4 ´ 0 - 7) = 0
Þ 9 + 1 + l (5) = 0 Þ l = - 2
Substituting l = - 2 in Eq. (i), we get
(x - 1)2 + ( y + 1)2 - 2 (3x - 4 y - 7) = 0
Þ x2 + y2 - 8x + 10 y + 16 = 0
On comparing it with
x2 + y2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0, we get
g = - 4, f = 5, c = 16
\ Radius = g2 + f 2 - c
= 16 + 25 - 16 = 5
56. Let P (x1 , y1 ) be the point outside the circle. From the
given condition
is
x12 + y12 + 2x1 - 4 y1 - 20 2
=
x12 + y12 - 4x1 + 2 y1 - 44 3
Þ 3x12 + 3 y12 + 6x1 - 12 y1 - 60
…(i)
= 2x12 + 2 y12 - 8x1 + 4 y1 - 88
Þ x12 + y12 + 14x1 - 16 y1 + 28 = 0
Thus, the locus of point is
x2 + y2 + 14x - 16 y + 28 = 0
\Coordinates of centre of circle are (–7, 8).
344 JEE Main Mathematics

57. Let the equation of the concentric circles be Y

x2 + y2 - 2x - 4 y + l = 0, it passes through (3, 4).
\ 32 + 42 - 2(3) - 4(4) + l = 0 Þ l = - 3
C3
Thus, the equation of concentric circle is
x2 + y2 - 2x - 4 y - 3 = 0. C1 C2
X

58. For required circle, P(1, 8) and O(3, 2) will be the end (0, 0) (1, 0)
points of its diameter.

A So, let the equation of a common tangent be

3x - y + k = 0
(1, 8) P O(3, 2)
½ k ½
It will touch C1 , if ½ ½ = 1 Þ k = ±2
B
½ 3 + 1½

\ (x - 1 ) (x - 3) + ( y - 8)( y - 2) = 0 From the figure, we observe that the required tangent

2 2
Þ x + y - 4x - 10 y + 19 = 0
59. The centres of the two circles will lie on the line
through P(1, 2) perpendicular to the common tangent
4x + 3 y = 10. If C1 and C 2 are the centres of these
circles, then PC1 = 5 = r1 , PC 2 = - 5 = r2.
x-1 y-2
Also, C1 , C 2 lie on the line = = r, where
cos q sin q
3
tan q = . When r = r1 the coordinates of C1 are
4
4 3
(5 cos q + 1, 5 sin q + 2) or (5, 5) as cos q = , sin q = .
5 5
When r = r2, the coordinates of C 2 are (–3, –1).
The circle with centre C1 (5, 5) and radius 5 touches
both the coordinate axes and hence lies completely in
the first quadrant.
Therefore, the required circle is with centre (–3, –1)
and radius 5, so its equation is
(x + 3)2 + ( y + 1 )2 = 52
Þ x + y2 + 6x + 2 y - 15 = 0
2
Since, the origin lies inside the circle, a portion of the
circle lies in all the quadrants.
60. Equation of any circle through (0, 0) and (1, 0) is
x y 1
(x - 0 )(x - 1 ) + ( y - 0)( y - 0) + l 0 0 1 = 0
1 0 1
2 2
Þ x + y - x + ly = 0
If it represents C3 , its radius = 1
2 -16 g + 4 = f 2 + 4 Þ f 2 + 16 g = 0
æ1ö æ l ö
Þ 1 = ç ÷ + çç ÷÷
è4ø è 4 ø
Þ l=± 3
As, the centre of C3 , lies above the X-axis, we take
l = - 3 and thus an equation of C3 is
x2 + y2 - x - 3 y = 0.
Since, C1 and C3 intersect and are of unit radius, their
common tangents are parallel to the line joining their
æ1 3 ö
centres (0, 0) and çç , ÷.
÷ Þ
è2 2 ø
makes positive intercept on the Y -axis and negative on
the X-axis and hence its equation is 3x - y + 2 = 0.
which is the equation of required locus.
61. Centre of required circle = (3, - 4)
Radius of required circle = 5 + 1 = 6
\Locus of circle is
(x - 3)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 36
Þ x2 - 6x + 9 + y2 + 16 + 8 y = 36
Þ x2 + y2 - 6x + 8 y - 11 = 0
62. Let the general equation of circle be
x2 + y2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 …(i)
It cuts the circle x2 + y2 - 20x + 4 = 0 orthogonally, then
by the condition, 2( g1 g2 + f1 f2) = c1 + c2
2(-10 g + 0 ´ f ) = c + 4 Þ -20 g = c + 4 …(ii)
Q Circle (i) touches the line x = 2 or x + 0 y - 2 = 0
\ Perpendicular distance from centre to the tangent =
radius.
½- g + 0 - 2½
Þ ½ 2 ½= g2 + f 2 - c
2
½ 1 +0 ½
Þ ( g + 2 )2 = g 2 + f 2 - c
Þ g2 + 4 + 4 g = g2 + f 2 - c
Þ 4g + 4 = f 2 - c …(iii)
On eliminating c from Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
Hence, the locus of (- g , - f ) is y2 - 16x = 0.
(replacing - f and - g by x and y)
63. Let the family of circles passing through origin be
x2 + y2 + 2 gx + 2 fy = 0
They intersect circle x2 + y2 + 4x - 6 y - 13 = 0
orthogonally.
So, 2 g (2) - 2 f (3) = - 13
Hence, locus of (- g , - f ) is - 4x + 6 y + 13 = 0
4x - 6 y - 13 = 0
Circles 345

64. Let the equation of circle be Þ 2hx + 2ky = h 2 + k2 - 9 …(i)

2 2 Let p be the length of the perpendicular from the centre
x + y + 2 hx + 2 ky + c = 0 …(i)
(0, 0) of S1 to common chord
The locus of whose centre is to be obtained, since the
circle cuts ½h 2 + k2 - 9½
\ p =½ ½
x2 + y2 + 4x - 6 y + 9 = 0 …(ii) 2
½ 4h + 4k ½
2

and x2 + y2 - 4x + 6 y + 4 = 0 …(iii)
Now, the length of the comon chord = 2 42 - p2
Orthogonally, then
It will be of maximum length if p = 0
2 h (2) + 2 k(-3) = c + 9
Þ h 2 + k2 - 9 = 0 …(ii)
Þ 4h - 6k = c + 9 …(iv)
3
and 2 h (-2) + 2 k(3) = c + 4 The slope of Eq. (i) is (given)
4
Þ - 4h + 6k = c + 4 …(v)
h 3 4h
On solving Eqs. (iv) and (v), we get \ - = Þ k=- …(iii)
k 4 3
c + 9 = - c - 4 Þ 2c = - 13 …(vi)
On substituting the respective value of k in Eq. (ii),
On putting the value of c in Eq. (iv), we get we have
Þ 8h - 12k = 5 …(vii) 9 12
h=± and k = ± [using Eq. (iii)]
Centre of the given circle is (- h , - k). 5 5
\ Locus of (- h , - k) from Eq. (vii) is æ9 12 ö æ 9 12 ö
\The centres of circle C 2 are C ç , - ÷ or C ç - , ÷
8 (- x) - 12 (- y) = 5 Þ 8x - 12 y + 5 = 0 è 5 5 ø è 5 5ø
65. Given equations of circles are x2 + y2 + 2x + 2ky + 6 = 0 68. (x2 + y2 - 2x - 1 ) + lx = 0, they pass through
and x2 + y2 + 2ky + k = 0. They intersect each other intersection points of line x = 0 and circle
orthogonally. x2 + y2 - 2x - 1 = 0.
\ 2 × 1 × 0 + 2 × k × k = 6 + k Þ 2k2 - k - 6 = 0 Þ y= ±1
3 \ Required points are (0 , ± 1).
Þ (2k + 3)(k - 2) = 0 Þ k = 2 ,-
2
66. Since, the given circles cut each other orthogonally.
Round II
\ g1 g2 + a = 02
…(i)
1. Since, y = |x|+ c and x2 + y2 - 8| x| - 9 = 0 both are
If lx + my = 1 is a common tangent of these circles, then symmetrical aboutY -axis for x > 0, y = x + c.Equation of
- lg1 - 1 tangent to circle x2 + y2 - 8x - 9 = 0 which is parallel to
= ± g12 + a 2
l2 + m 2 y = x + c is y = (x - 4) + 5 1 + 1
Þ (lg1 + 1)2 = (l2 + m2)( g12 + a 2) Þ y = x + (5 2 - 4)
Þ m g1 - 2lg1 + a 2(l2 + m2) - 1 = 0
2 2 For no solution c > 5 2 - 4,
Similarly, m2g22 - 2lg2 + a 2(l2 + m2) - 1 = 0 \ c Î (5 2 - 4, ¥ )
So that g1 and g2 are the roots of the equation 2. Let C (h , k) be the centre of the circle passing through
m2g 2 - 2lg + a 2(l2 + m2) - 1 = 0 the end points of the rod AB and PQ of lengths a and b
a 2(l2 + m2) - 1 respectively. CL and CM be perpendiculars drawn from
Þ g1 g2 = = - a2 [from Eq. (i)]
m2 C on AB and PQ respectively. Then, CA = CP (radii of
the same circle)
Þ a 2(l2 + m2) = 1 - a 2m2 …(ii)
|ma - 1| |-ma - 1|
Now, p1 p2 = × Q
l2 + m 2 l2 + m 2
M C(h, k)
|1 - m2a 2|
= = a2 [from Eq. (ii)]
l2 + m 2 P
A B
67. Let P (h , k) be the coordinates of the centre of circle S 2. L
Then, its equation is a2 b2 æ a bö
(x - h )2 + ( y - k)2 = 52 Þ k + = h2 + çQ AL = and MP = ÷
4 4 è 2 2ø
The equation of S1 is x2 + y2 = 42 and so the equation of
Þ 4(h 2 - k2) = a 2 - b2
the common chord of S1 and S 2 is
Hence, locus of (h , k) is 4(x2 - y2) = a 2 - b2.
S1 - S 2 = 0
346 JEE Main Mathematics

3. Equation of pair of tangents is Since, (0, 0) divides the chord in the ratio 1 : 4.
2 2 2 2 Therefore, x2 = - 4x1
(a - 1 ) y - x + 2ax - a = 0
3 + 4m -4
If q be the angle between the tangents, then \ -3x1 = 2
and 4x12 = -
1+m 1 + m2
2 (h 2 - ab)
tan q = \ 9 + 9m2 = 9 + 16m2 + 24m
a+b
24
2 - (a 2 - 1 )(-1 ) 2 a2 - 1 i.e., m = 0, -
= = 7
2
a -2 a2 - 2 Therefore, the lines are y = 0 and y + 24x = 0.
Q q lies in II quadrant, then tan q < 0 6. Equation of given circle is x2 + y2 = 1, then equation of
2
2 a -1 tangent at the point (cos q,sin q) on the given circle is
\ 2
<0
a -2 x cos q + y sin q = 1 …(i)
Þ 2
a - 1 > 0 and a - 2 < 0 2 [Q equation of tangent at the point
Þ 1 < a2 < 2 P(cos q, sin q) to the circle x2 + y2 = r 2
Þ a Î (- 2 , - 1 ) È (1, 2 ) is x cos q + y sin q = r]
4. Let the equation of the chord OA of the circle Now, the point of intersection with coordinate axes
are P(sec q, 0) and Q(0, cosec q).
x2 + y2 - 2x + 4 y = 0 …(i)
Q Mid-point of line joining points P and Q is
by y = mx …(ii)
æ sec q cosec q ö
Y Mç , ÷ = (h , k) (let)
è 2 2 ø
A 1 1
So, cos q = and sin q =
C 2h 2k
Q sin 2 q + cos 2 q = 1
B 1 1 1 1
X \ + = 1Þ 2 + 2 = 4
O 4h 2 4k2 h k
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Now, locus of mid-point M is
x2 + m2x2 - 2x + 4mx = 0 1 1
Þ + = 4 Þ x2 + y 2 - 4 x 2 y 2 = 0
Þ (1 + m2)x2 - (2 - 4m)x = 0 x2 y 2
2 - 4m So, correct option is (c).
Þ x = 0 and x =
1 + m2 7. Let (h , k) be the centre of the circle and radius r = h, as
Hence, the points of intersection are circle touch theY -axis and other circle x2 + y2 = 1 whose
æ 2 - 4m m(2 - 4m) ö centre (0, 0) and radius is 1.
(0, 0) and A çç , ÷.
è1 + m
2
1 + m2 ÷ø Y
2
æ 2 - 4m2 ö (2 - 4m)2
Þ OA 2 = çç ÷ (1 + m2) =
2 ÷
(h,k)
è1+m ø 1 + m2 C r=h>O
r
k >O
Since, OAB is an isosceles right angled triangle
for first
1
OA 2 = AB2, quadrant
2 X
O
where AB is a diameter of the given circle OA 2 = 10
x2+y2=1
(2 - 4m)2
Þ = 10
1 + m2
\ OC = r + 1
Þ 4 - 16m + 16m2 = 10(1 + m)2
[Q if circles touch each other externally,
Þ 3m2 - 8m - 3 = 0
then C1C 2 = r1 + r2]
1
Þ m = 3 or - Þ h 2 + k2 = h + 1, h > 0
3
Hence, the required equation are y = 3x or x + 3 y = 0. (x1, y1)
y = 2x + 5
5. y = mx be the chord. Then, point of intersection are
given by x2(1 + m2) - x (3 + 4m) - 4 = 0.
3 + 4m -4 (–8, –6)
Therefore, x1 + x2 = 2
and x1x2 =
1+m 1 + m2
Circles 347

and k > 0, for first quadrant. 11. C

Þ h 2 + k2 = h 2 + 2h + 1 B
N
Þ k2 = 2h + 1 b
a a
Þ k = 1 + 2h , as k > 0 A
M L
Now, on taking locus of centre (h , k), we get D
y = 1 + 2x, x ³ 0 E
8. 2x – y + 1 = 0 a-b
A(2, 5) From DMLN , sin a =
a+b
æ a - bö
\ a = sin -1 çç ÷÷
O x – 2y = 4 è a + bø
h, h – 4 m1m2 = –1 æ a - bö
2 \ Angle between AB and AD, q = 2a = 2 sin -1 çç ÷÷ .
è a + bø
æ (h - 4) ö 12.
çh - ÷
ç 2 ÷ (2) = - 1 P(5, 7)
p2
çç 2 - h ÷÷ 3 D
è ø M
O(0, 0) d2
C
h =8 2 p1 B
N
center (8, 2) A d
1
Radius = (8 - 2)2 + (2 - 5)2 = 3 5
Let equation of line be y = x - c or y - x = c …(i)
9. r = 1; L = 3 ½- c½
½= c
Perpendicular from (0, 0) on line (i) is ½
Area of quadrilateral = 3 ½ 2½ 2
1 2p p 2
Sector = ×1 × = æ c ö
2 3 3 In DAON , 22 - ç ÷ = AN
p è 2ø
Shaded region = 3 -
3 2
æ 2 - cö
2 2 and in DCPM , 32 - ç ÷ = CM
10. x + y + ax + 2ay + c = 0 è 2 ø
a2 Given, AN = CM
2 g2 - c = 2 - c =2 2
4 c2 (2 - c)2 1
Þ 4- =9 - Þ c=-
a2 2 2 2
Þ - c=2 …(i)
4 3
Therefore, equation of the line is y = x - or
2 f 2 - c = 2 a2 - c = 2 5 2
2x - 2 y - 3 = 0.
Þ a2 - c = 5
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get 13. Given equation of line is x + y = n,n Î N …(i)
3a 2 and equation of circle is x + y = 162 2
…(ii)
= 3 Þ a = - 2 (a < 0)
4 Now, for intercept, made by circle (ii) with line (i)
\ c= -1
Circle Þ x2 + y2 - 2x - 4 y - 1 = 0 x2+y2=16
Þ (x - 1)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 6 (0, 0)
1 4
Given, x + 2 y = 0 Þ m = - d
2
mtangent = 2 A B x+y=n, n 0 N
Equation of tangent n
d < 4Þ <4
Þ ( y - 2) = 2 (x - 1) ± 6 1 + 4 2
Þ 2x - y ± 30 = 0 [Q d = perpendicular distance from (0, 0) to the line
± 30 |0 + 0 - n | n ù
Perpendicular distance from (0, 0) = = 6 x + y = n and it equal to = ú
4+1 12 + 12 2û
348 JEE Main Mathematics

Þ n <4 2 …(iii) Q Circle (i) passes through point (2, 0), so

Q n Î N , so n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
4 + 16 + 2l = 0 Þ l = - 10
Clearly, length of chord AB = 2 42 - d 2 Therefore, equation of the circle is
n2 é n ù x2 + ( y - 4)2 - 10x = 0
= 2 16 - êëQ d = 2 úû
2 Þ (x - 5)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 25 … (ii)
\Sum of square of all possible lengths of chords (for Now, equation of tangent to the circle (ii) having slope
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) ‘m’ is
é 1 ù y - 4 = m(x - 5) ± 5 1 + m2
= 4 ê (16 ´ 5) - (12 + 22 + 32 + 42 + 52)ú
ë 2 û Þ y = mx + (4 - 5m ± 5 1 + m2 ) … (iii)
5(6)(11)
= 320 - 2 = 320 - 110 = 210 From the option, on taking slope of line, we have
6
4
14. Given equation of circle is when m = , equation of tangent by Eq. (iii), we get
3
x2 + y2 - 6x + 8 y - 103 = 0, which can be written as
4 æ 20 16 ö
(x - 3)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 128 = (8 2 )2 y = x + çç4 - ±5 1+ ÷
3 è 3 9 ÷ø
\ Centre = (3, - 4) and radius = 8 2
Now, according to given information, we have the Þ 3 y = 4x + (12 - 20 ± 25)
following figure. Þ 4x - 3 y - 8 ± 25 = 0
Y Þ 4x - 3 y + 17 = 0 and 4x - 3 y - 33 = 0
Similarly, when m = - 3 / 4, equation of tangent is
D C 3 æ 15 9 ö
O X y = - x + çç4 + ± 5 1+ ÷
÷
4 è 4 16 ø
45°
G Þ 4 y = - 3x + 31 ± 25
(3,–4)
Þ 3x + 4 y - 56 = 0 and 3x + 4 y - 6 = 0
4
A B Similarly, when m = - , equation of tangent is
3
4 æ 20 25 ö
y = - x + ç4 + ± ÷
For the coordinates of A and C. 3 è 3 3ø
x-3 y+ 4 Þ 4x + 3 y - 57 = 0 and 4x + 3 y - 7 = 0
Consider, = =±8 2
1 1
\ The line 4x + 3 y - 8 = 0 is not a tangent to the circle.
2 2
Hence, option (c) is correct.
[using distance (parametric) form of line,
x - x1 y - y1 16. Let us assume that the coordinates of the centre of the
= = r] circle are C (h , k) and its radius is r.
cos q sin q
Since, the circle touches X-axis at (1, 0), hence its radius
Þ x = 3 ± 8, y = - 4 ± 8
should be equal to ordinate of centre.
\ A(- 5, - 12) and C (11, 4)
Þ r=k
Similarly, for the coordinates of B and D, consider
Hence, the equation of the circle is
x-3 y+ 4
= = ±8 2 (x - h )2 + ( y - k)2 = k2
1 1
-
2 2 Also, given that the circle passes through the points
[in this case, q = 135°] (1, 0) and (2, 3). Hence, substituting them in the
Þ x = 3 m 8, y = - 4 ± 8 equation of the circle, we get
\ B (11, - 12) and D (- 5, 4) (1 - h )2 + (0 - k)2 = k2 …(i)
2 2 2
Now, OA = 25 + 144 = 169 = 13; (2 - h ) + (3 - k) = k …(ii)
OB = 121 + 144 = 265 From Eq. (i), we get
OC = 121 + 16 = 137 h =1
and OD = 25 + 16 = 41 On substituting in Eq. (ii), we get
5
15. Since, equation of a circle which touches the Y-axis at (2 - 1 )2 + (3 - k)2 = k2 Þ k =
point (0, 4) is 3
10
x2 + ( y - 4)2 + lx = 0 … (i) \The diameter of the circle is 2k = ×
3
Circles 349

17. x2 + y2 - ax = 0 and x2 + y2 = c2 Y
22. The given equations of diameters are
touch each other. 3x - 4 y - 7 = 0 …(i)
(i) If circles touch internally, C
and 2x - 3 y - 5 = 0 …(ii)
a a a/2 On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
c- = X¢ X
2 2 O a/2 C x = 1 and y = - 1
a a \Centre of circle is (1, –1).
Þ c - = Þ c = a, c > 0
2 2 Let r be the radius of circle, then
\ |a|= c pr 2 = 49p Þ r = 7 unit
Y¢
(ii) If circles touches externally, \Equation of required circle is
Y (x - 1 )2 + ( y + 1 )2 = 49
Þ x2 + y2 - 2x + 2 y + 1 + 1 = 49
Þ x2 + y2 - 2x + 2 y - 47 = 0
a/2 23. (7) Equation of given circle is x2 + y2 = 9
X¢ C
X
(0, 0) C a/2
So, let end point of diameter PQ are P(3 cos q, 3 sin q)
and Q (– 3 cos q, - 3 sin q).
Now, the lengths of the perpendiculars from P and Q
Y¢ on the straight line, x + y = 2 are respectively.
a a a a |3 cos q + 3 sin q – 2| |–3 cos q – 3 sin q – 2|
c+ = Þ c+ = a= and b =
2 2 2 2 2 2
\ c = 0, i. e. , not possible as c > 0 |(3 cos q + 3 sin q)2 – 22|
\ ab =
\ The circles should touch internally and|a|= c. 2
|9 – 4 + 9 sin 2 q| |5 + 9 sin 2 q|
18. Let S º x 2 + y2 + 3 x + 7 y + 2 p - 5 = 0 = =
2 2
and S ¢ º x2 + y2 + 2x + 2 y - p2 = 0 Since, maximum value of ab, if sin 2 q = 1
Equation of the required circle is S + lS ¢ = 0 5+9
\ a b|max = =7
As, it passes through (1, 1), the value of 2
l = - (7 + 2 p) / (6 - p2)
24. (36) As the given curves, x2 + y2 - 6x + 8 = 0
Here, l is not defined at p = ± 6
and x2 + y2 - 8 y + 16 - k = 0 , (k > 0) touches each other
Hence, it is true for all except two values of p. at a point, then
19. Circle with centre (h , k) and touching X-axis is Distance between centre of circles
2 2 2
x + y - 2hx - 2ky + h = 0 = Sum of radii or difference of radii
Since, (-1, 1 ) lies on it. Þ C1C 2 = |r1 ± r2|
Þ 2 + 2h - 2k + h 2 = 0 Þ (3 - 0)2 + (0 - 4)2 =| 9 - 8 ± 16 - 16 + k|
For real circles, D ³ 0 Þ 5 = |1 ± k|
1
Þ (2)2 - 4 (-2k + 2) ³ 0 Þ k ³ Þ 1± k = ±5
2
Þ ± k = 4, - 6
20. r1 = 3, c1 (5, 5)
Þ k = 16 or 36
r2 = 3, c2(8, 5) \ Largest value of k is 36.
C1C 2 = 3, r1 = 3, r2 = 3
25. (2) Let S º x2 + y2 = 16
At point (0, 0), S º 0 + 0 - 16 = - 16 < 0

C1 C2

C1 C (0, 0)

21. The locus is the circle with centre (0, 0)

p 3
and radius 3 cos =
3 2
3 3 At point (0, 1), S º 0 + 1 - 16 = - 15 < 0
9
Its equation is x2 + y2 = × Thus, both points lie inside the circle.
4 P
It means required circle touch inside the given circle.
350 JEE Main Mathematics

So, the centre and radius of given circle are C (0, 0) and Þ x-1 = 3 -1
r = 4. EB = 1 - x = 1 - ( 3 - 1)
Since, the required circle is passing through centre (0, 0). EB = 2 - 3
\ Diameter of required circle = 4
4 28. (24) Let length of common chord be 2a, then
and radius of required circle = = 2
2 9 - a 2 + 16 - a 2 = 5
26. (256) Let point P (x1 , y1 ) be any point on the circle, 16 - a 2 = 5 - 9 - a 2
therefore it satisfy the circle
16 - a 2 = 25 + 9 - a 2 - 10 9 - a 2
(x1 - 3)2 + ( y1 + 2)2 = 5r 2 …(i)
The length of the tangent drawn from point P (x1 , y1 ) to
the circle (x - 3)2 + ( y + 2)2 = r 2 is
3 4
(x1 - 3)2 + ( y1 + 2)2 - r 2 = 5r 2 - r 2 [from Eq. (i)]
Þ 16 = 2r Þ r =8
\The area between two circles
= p × 5r 2 - pr 2 = 4pr 2
= 4p ´ 82 = 256p sq units 10 9 - a 2 = 18
\ k = 256 Þ 100 (9 - a 2) = 324
27. (1) i.e. 100a 2 = 576
Y-axis
576 24
D(0, 1) C(1, 1) Þ a= =
100 10
24 k
D Þ 2a = = Þ k = 24
5 5
(r, r)
O 29. (4) Common chord is given by
(x2 + y2 - 8) - {(x - a )2 + y2 - 8} = 0
Þ 2ax - a 2 = 0
X-axis
A(0, 0) 2x
E B(1, 0) Þ =1
a
2
æ 2x ö
Here, AO + OD = 1 or ( 2 + 1) r = 1 Þ r = 2 - 1 Now, x2 + y2 - 8 ç ÷ = 0 gives the combined equation
èaø
Equation of circle (x - r )2 + ( y - r )2 = r 2
of the straight lines joining the end points of this
Equation of CE common chord and origin.
y - 1 = m (x - 1) If this common chord subtends a right angle at origin,
mx - y + 1 - M = 0 then
It is tangent to circle 32
1 - 2 + 1 =0
mr - r + 1 - m a
\ =r Þ a 2 = 16
m2 + 1
a=±4
(m - 1)r + 1 - m \ |a| = 4
Þ =r
2 2 2
m +1 30. (6) x + y - 6 3x - 6 y + 27 = 0
2 2
(m - 1) (r - 1) Equation of the pair of tangent is given by
Þ = r2
m2 + 1 (-3 3x - 3 y + 27)2 = 27 (x2 + y2 - 6 3x - 6 y + 27)
Put r = 2 - 1 27x2 + 9 y2 + 272 + 18 3xy - 6 ´ 27 3x - 6 ´ 27 y
On solving m = 2 - 3 , 2 + 3 = 27x2 + 27 y2 - 6 ´ 27 3x - 6 ´ 27 y + 272
Taking greater slope of CE as 2 + 3 18 y2 - 18 3xy = 0
y - 1 = (2 + 3 ) (x - 1) y( y - 3x) = 0
Put y = 0 \ The tangents are y = 0, y = 3x
- 1 = (2 + 3 ) (x - 1) p
\ Angle between the triangles is .
-1 æ2 - 3 ö 3
Þ ´ç ÷ = x-1
2 + 3 çè 2 - 3 ÷ø \ 2 3 tan q = 2 3 ´ 3 = 6