MATTER

Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Everything on earth
Has mass and takes up space.

PARTICLES COMPOSING MATTER

ATOMS - these are the smallest unit of matter that can’t be broken down chemically.
MOLECULES – these are groups of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded.
IONS – these are particles that have gained or lost one or more of their valence electrons

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

• Mass
• Weight
• Volume
• Density
• Specific gravity
MASS – the amount of water in an object (the more matter is present in an object means
the greater its mass. It is usually expressed in grams (g) or kilograms (kg)

Weight – is the measure of force that acts on an object. Expressed as the amount of matter
(mass) multiplied by the gravitational force that acts on it. Expressed in Newtons (N)

Volume - amount of space occupied by matter. - it can be measured using instrument with
graduations or by getting the dimensions of the object. - expressed in Liters (L) for liquids, or
cubie length (19) for solid.

Density - ratio between mass and volume. - expressed in kilograms per cubic meter
(Kg/m3) or grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm). - tells how compact an object is. * An object
with greater mass has more compact particles than the lighter ones.

Specific Gravity - ratio of a substance's density to a standard substance. - also known as

relative density. - it is a dimensionless quantity.
rd = mw/ms ->mass of ->mass of
Properties of Matters
Physical Chemical
Extensive - Reactivity
-Depends of the amount of matter -Biodegradability
-Mass - Flammability
-Volume - Combustibility
Intensive
- Does not depend of the amount of matter
-Density -Weight - Metallic
-Specific gravity - boiling melting - Freezing
Melting point - temperature at which a solid matter changes to liquid
Freezing point- temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid matter.
Boiling Point - temperature at which liquid corporates.
- vapor precure is equal to the pressure of its surrounding liquid at this temperature.
Solubility - Ability of a solute to dissolve in given solvent. - varies depending on its
composition.
Metallic Properties - qualities that are observed specifically in metals.
a) Conductivity - ability of a material to allow heat or electric changers to pass through
easily - materials can be thermal or electrical conductors.
b) Malleability - ability of a material to be flattened into thin sheets.
c) Ductility - ability of a material to be easily drawn into wires. (stretchable)