6

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Gravitational Force
Science – Grade 6
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 1: Gravitational Force
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of
the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for a profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their
respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek
permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: June C. Bernabe, PhD

Editors: Jenet A. Novilla, Jomarick DL. Mapindan, Lourdes I. Esteron,
Anna Kristel G. Cuevas
Reviewer: SDO Cabanatuan City
Illustrator: ________________________
Layout Artist: June C. Bernabe, PhD
Management Team: May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III – Regional Director
Librada M. Rubio, PhD - CLMD Chief
Ma. Editha R. Caparas, PhD – Reg’l EPS in LRMS
Nestor P. Nuesca, PhD – Reg’l ADM Coordinator
Priscilla D. Sanchez, PhD – CID Chief
Romeo R. Hipolito – EPSvr in Science
Ever M. Samson, PhD – EPSvr in LRMS

Printed in the Philippines by the Department of Education–Region III–

Schools Division of Cabanatuan City
Office Address: Maharlika Highway, Bantug Norte, Cabanatuan City,
Philippines, 3100
Telefax: (044-463-7334
E-mail Address: www.cabanatuan.city@deped.gov.ph
 6

Science
Quarter 3 – Module 1
Gravitational Force
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science-Grade 6 SSES Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) module on Gravitational Force.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in
the body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use

this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while
allowing them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected
to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

2
For the learner:

Welcome to the Science – Grade 6 SSES Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) module on Gravitational Force.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the

Know skills or competencies you are expected
to learn in the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that

aims to check what you already know
about the lesson to take. If you get all
the answers correct (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help

you link the current lesson with the
previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief

discussion of the lesson. This aims to
help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for

independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.

What I Have This includes questions or blank

Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the
lesson.

3
 What I Can Do This section provides an activity
which will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate

your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional In this portion, another activity will
Activities be given to you to enrich your
knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all

activities in the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used

in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module,
do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the skill on how gravity and friction affect movements of
objects. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level
of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond
with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

Lesson 1 – Gravitational Force
Lesson 2 – Frictional Force

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the factors that affect the strength of gravity;
2. differentiate mass from weight;
3. identify conditions when friction seems to resist motion;
4. compare how objects move on different surfaces;
5. explain why rough surfaces increase friction; and
6. identify the uses of decreasing and increasing friction in
everyday life.

5
 What I Know

Write TRUE if the statement is correct or FALSE if it is NOT. Write your

answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The sun’s gravitational pull keeps the planet orbiting the sun.
2. The moon’s gravity pulls on the Earth and makes the tides rise and fall
every day.
3. The bigger the object’s mass, the more gravity it exerts.
4. The astronauts appear to float because of weightlessness inside the
spaceship.
5. Your mass on Earth is not the same as your mass on the moon.
6. Friction is the reason why you can hold a notebook and why you do not
slip when walking.
7. Polishing the surfaces between objects will reduce the friction it will
generate
8. Lubricating a surface with oil is another way to reduce friction.
9. Friction is the force that is present whenever two surfaces are in
contact.
10. Rollers, wheels, and bearings increase friction.

6
 Lesson

1 Gravitational Force

You know that all objects that are thrown upward, fall. Gravity causes
the object to fall toward the earth. Think about what happens when you drop
two objects with different weights. Does one fall faster than the other? What
if these two objects are dropped on the moon, will it have a difference?

What’s In
Complete the given paragraph below with words that can be traced
from the HEART. Write the completed paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.
(3)
N R E I T A
O H L T
I A I I
T B O
A N
(4)
T B
S U
How can you help save our environment?
E I
R Strategies to conserve the balance of life in the L
R ecosystem include _____________
(1) the needs of living
O D
R things, _____________ or replanting a forest, mangrove
(2)

F I
_____________,
(3) habitat _____________,
(4) and
E _____________ of a man-made fish sanctuary.
(5) N
(2)
R G
(5)
G R
N E
I S
V T
R O
E R
S A
N T
O I
(1)
START HERE C O
END HERE
N
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 What’s New
Perform the activity below, then answer the guide questions on a
separate sheet of paper.
Title: Observing Force of Gravity (Safety Precaution:Make sure an adult is
supervising you while you’re doing this activity)
Problem: Does weight affect how fast an object falls?
What you need: 2 balls (light and heavy), pencil and eraser
What you need to do:
1. Get two different balls. One in each hand at the same height. Stand
and stretch your arms in front of you at the shoulder height.

2. Drop the two balls at exactly the same time and listen to them as
they hit the floor.

3. Repeat steps 2 and 3 three times to be sure that your observations

are accurate.

4. Do the activity using a pencil and an eraser.

5. Copy the table below on a separate sheet of paper. Record your

observations.

Object That Hits the Floor First

Objects Used
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3
plastic ball
metal ball
pencil
eraser

What have you found out:

Answer the following questions. Write your answers in complete
sentences. Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which ball consistently hit the floor first?

2. When you dropped different objects, which one hit the floor first—the
lighter or the heavier? Why?
3. What force acted on the objects as they fell on the floor?
4. How is mass of an object related to the gravitational force of attraction?
5. How is gravitational force related to the mass of an object?

Congratulations for completing this activity!

8
 What is It

Are you ready to learn how gravity affects movements of objects?

Gravitational Force

On Earth, what goes up comes down.

All objects are attracted toward the center of
the earth due to gravity. Gravity was
observed by Isaac Newton. He recognized
that an apple fell straight down because
Earth attracted it. He wondered whether this
force might extend beyond the trees, to the
clouds, to the moon, and even beyond. He
hypothesized that the force on the apple https://www.canva.com/design/DA
ET1jQOJuc/Lkg9GJRXCzvavW1Xmrv
must be proportional to its mass.
aGQ/edit (January 3, 2020)

Gravity is a force that all objects exert but you can really only feel it
from big things. The moon pulls the water from the oceans to make the tides.
The sun keeps all the planets in orbit with its gravity. The bigger the object’s
mass, the more gravity it exerts.

low tide

moon

gravitational force
of the moon

https://www.canva.com/design/DA
ET1jQOJuc/Lkg9GJRXCzvavW1Xmrv
high tide aGQ/edit (January 3, 2020)

Gravity is what makes you feel your weight. You would weigh less on
the moon because it has less gravity. You would be a lot heavier on Jupiter
because it has more gravity (Castante-Padpad, 2017).

9
 Isaac Newton proposed some ideas about gravity. According to him,
gravity is a force or attraction between any two objects or masses. You learned
that gravity keeps you from falling off the Earth. Newton also stated that
gravity exists throughout the universe which includes the planets, stars, and
other objects in outer space.

In addition to his theory about gravity, Newton proposed the three laws
of motion to explain the behavior of moving objects.
Gravity, weight, and mass are closely interrelated. Mass is the measure
of how much matter there is in a body or object. Mass is measured in
kilograms. One kilogram is equal to 1000 grams. An object’s mass does not
change. Your mass on earth is the same as your mass on the moon or on
Mars.

Many people are oftentimes confused in using the word weight when
they mean mass. An object’s weight is a measure of the force of attraction or
gravity between the object and the Earth. In the metric system, newton is the
unit used to describe or measure the force of attraction. A mass of 1 kilogram
weighs about 10 newtons. For example, an elephant with a mass of 300
kilograms has a weight of about 3000 newtons.

Isaac Newton stated that the pull of gravity depends not only on the
masses of the two objects but also on the distance between two objects. The
greater the mass or the shorter the distance, the stronger gravity is. Your
weight on top of the mountain is less than your weight down the mountain.
The distance between the masses refers to the distance between you and the
center of the Earth.

Rocks roll downhill

Waterfalls is due to
https://www.canva.com/design/DAET3PVQqNY/n Earth’s gravity
AYGXKVmrijzrWOa-5ESZg/edit (January 19, 2021)

Many people use the bathroom scales or spring scales to measure their
weights. When you step on the scale, the spring inside changes shape. The
amount of change in the spring depends on how much the Earth attracts your
body or mass. If the scale indicates 70 pounds, then that is how much the
Earth attracts your body (Castante-Padpad, 2017).

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Weightlessness

https://www.canva.com/design/DAET3PVQ
qNY/nAYGXKVmrijzrWOa-5ESZg/edit
(January 4, 2021)

Why do you see pictures of astronauts bouncing around weightless in

space? Is this because there is no gravity in space? No! There is gravity in
space. The astronauts appear to float because of weightlessness inside the
spaceship. The spacecraft and the astronauts are both moving together under
the influence of gravity. This is called free fall or weightlessness. Gravity
exists whether stars, planets, and other big objects exist in space. As the
Earth’s gravity extends to millions of kilometers in space, it becomes lesser
and lesser as it goes farther into space, but it never ends (Mercado & Dela Paz, 2016).

However, astronauts orbiting the Earth

experience the effects of weightlessness. Objects seem to
be weightless in space because of gravity. As a result,
astronauts, materials, supplies, and everything inside
the spacecraft are floating. The spacecraft must travel at
very high speed to orbit the Earth. The speed of the
shuttle is not affected by gravity; however, it affects the
direction in which the shuttle moves. Observe the path
of the space shuttle in the orbit; the long arrow is the
“actual” straight line path of the shuttle, while the dark
downward arrow indicates the pull of gravity. Gravity
pulls the spacecraft toward the Earth, thus, the shuttle
falls slightly as it travels along its orbit (Mercado & Dela Paz, https://www.canva.com/design
/DAET3PVQqNY/nAYGXKVmrijz
2016). rWOa-5ESZg/edit (January 24,
2021)
Would air and mass affect falling objects?
When you drop a baseball and a billiard ball from the same height at
the same time, the balls fall to the ground. The force that acts on the objects
is gravitational force. You observed that there is a difference in the falling
speed between the two balls. The ball with the greater mass falls at a greater
speed while the ball with the lesser mass falls with lesser speed. You
concluded that heavy objects fall faster than the lighter ones (Castante-Padpad,
2017).

11
 A baseball weighs from 142-
149 grams.

air

A billiard ball weighs from The greater the object’s

160-170 grams. mass, the more gravity it
exerts.

https://www.canva.com/design/DAET1jQOJuc/Lkg9
GJRXCzvavW1XmrvaGQ/edit (January 20, 2021)

Try to drop two pieces of paper of the same kind and mass - one is
crumpled and the other one is uncrumpled. Will it give the same result? You
will observe that even the pieces of paper have the same mass, the crumpled
paper will land on the ground first.

air

A crumpled newspaper https://www.canva.com/design/DA

ET1jQOJuc/Lkg9GJRXCzvavW1Xmr
vaGQ/edit (January 20, 2021)

It is important to realize that objects falling on Earth must pass through

air. When you drop the crumpled paper at the same height. You will notice
that the crumpled one lands on the ground first. Air offers resistance to the
motion of an object. Air resistance acts against the motion of the plain sheet
of paper more than it does against the crumpled paper. As the result, the air
slows the plain sheet of paper more than it does with the crumpled paper.

The speed of falling objects will be different on Earth and on the moon.
If the air is removed, the air resistance will disappear. When the hammer and
feather is dropped on Earth at the same time, the hammer will fall faster than
the feather. Air resistance acts against the feather, which slows down its
falling (Castante-Padpad, 2017).

12
 But if you drop the feather and the hammer at the same time on the
moon, the hammer and the feather will fall at the same speed. The moon has
no air; therefore, there is no resistance acting on the falling object (Castante-
Padpad, 2017).

air

with air resistance
https://www.canva.com/design/DA
ET1ci526k/kUAqDWbo1ujbTq5421n
Ncg/edit (January 5, 2021)
no air resistance
https://www.canva.com/design/DA
ET1ci526k/kUAqDWbo1ujbTq5421n
Ncg/edit (January 6, 2021)

What’s More
Activity 1
Match the terms in Column B with the definitions in Column A. Write
only the letter of the correct answer. Use a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. It is a force of attraction or gravity between the A. astronaut
object and the Earth. B. gravitational force
2. It is a measure of how much matter is in a body C. Isaac Newton
or object. D. kilogram
3. It is a unit of force in the metric system. E. mass
4. It is a force that gravity exerts on an object. F. moon
5. It is a complete or near complete absence of the G. newton
sensation of weight. H. sun
6. He stated that the pull of gravity depends not I. weight
only on the masses of the two objects but also J. weightlessness
on the distance between two objects. K. weightiness
7. It is a heavenly body that keeps all the planets
in orbit with its gravity.
8. It is a heavenly body that pulls the water from
the oceans to make the tides.
9. It is a person who is specially trained to travel
into outer space.
10. It is a unit used to measure mass.

13
Activity 2
Analyze the following situations. Draw a happy face( ) if the
gravitational force is applied or a sad face ( ) if NOT. Do this on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. A skydiver that jumps from a plane quickly falls toward the ground.
2. The moon causes tides on Earth.
3. A driver applies the brakes and slows down the velocity of the bus.
4. A boy lights a lamp with a matchstick.
5. My friend drills a nail into the wall.
6. Sheila rubs her hands to produce heat.
7. A boy skateboarded on the street.
8. We can walk on the surface of the Earth and don’t float off into space.
9. Rocks roll downhill.
10. The moon revolves around the sun.

Activity 3

List down 10 examples that show how gravitational force affects the
movements of objects. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
(Note: Examples in Activity 2 should not be included in your answers.)

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct word to complete each sentence.
Choose your answer inside the box and write it on your answer sheet.

distance more sun

gravitational force moon weightlessness
less mass weightiness

1. The greater the object’s mass, the ___________ gravity it exerts.

2. The greater the ________ or the shorter the ___________, the stronger the
gravity is.
3. All objects are attracted toward the center of the earth due to ___________.
4. The __________ pulls the water from the oceans to make the tides.
5. The astronauts appear to float in space because of __________ inside the
spaceship.

14
 What I Can Do
Analyze the following situations. Infer what will happen in the following
situations. Write your answers in complete sentences. Use a separate sheet
of paper.
1. What will happen when a hammer and a feather are dropped at the same
time and height? (air resistance is negligible)
2. What will happen when two balls of the same mass but different volumes
are dropped at the same time from the top of a tall ladder? Which will hit
the ground first? Why?

3. What will happen when two balls of different masses but same volume are
dropped from that same ladder? Which will hit the ground first? Why?

Rubrics for the Writtten Ouput

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Organization Follows a Follows a It is easy to It is
correct correct understand, unorganized,
arrangement of arrangement neat and difficult to
ideas. It is easy of ideas. It is presentable. understand
to understand easy to and follow.
and clear to understand
read, visually and clear to
appealing and read.
relevant to the
discussed ideas
Content The insights are The insights The insights The ideas
comprehensively are are show no
discussed with moderately minimally insight,
deep discussed discussed, understanding
understanding and the and the or reflective
of the idea, and thoughts are thoughts thought.
the thoughts are reflective are
reflective and and reflective
convincing. convincing. and
convincing.

15
 Assessment

Analyze the sentences below. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Your kite flies up in the air and then when the wind stops blowing, it goes
down? Why?
A. The wind pulls the kite down to the ground.
B. There is no air around, so the kite goes down.
C. The force of gravity flies the kite up and moves it down.
D. Gravity pulls the kite down when the wind stops blowing.
2. If you throw a baseball up in the air at an angle, what will most likely to
happen?
A. The ball will stop in the air.
B. The ball will go up and then fall.
C. The ball will fly up and go higher.
D. The ball will bounce back to your hand.
3. Dry leaves fall to the ground. Flying pieces of paper fall back on the grassy
area. The dust in the air drops on the floor. What conclusion can you give
from these observations?
A. Gravity causes objects to fall on the ground.
B. Gravity pushes objects up and pulls them down.
C. The force of gravity moves the objects to another place.
D. The air blows harder to transfer the objects to another place.
4. Children are playing in the playground. Which movement in the
playground is caused by the presence of gravity?
A. Two groups play tug-of-war.
B. Young boys slide from the top to the ground.
C. Small boys enjoy their ride in the merry-go-round.
D. The children run back and forth on the clear pavement.
5. Why does a car travel faster going down than going up?
A. It is moving toward gravity.
B. It is moving against gravity.
C. It is being pushed by the wind.
D. It is being pulled by the weight of the car.
6. Which of these is NOT a correct statement?
A. There is no gravitational pull on the moon.
B. Gravitational pull is less on the moon than on Earth.
C. There is a greater gravitational pull on Jupiter than on Earth.
D. Gravitational pull is less on top of Mount Everest than at sea level.

16
7. A baseball and a sheet of paper are dropped at the same time from the
same height. What will happen if there is no air resistance?
A. The baseball will land first.
B. The paper will float slowly through the air.
C. The baseball will float slowly through the air.
D. The baseball and the paper will land at the same time.
8. Why did a ball thrown into the air fall back to the ground?
A. Gravity caused the ball to fall.
B. Air caused the ball to fall on the ground.
C. Acceleration caused the ball to move fast.
D. The weight of the ball made it move faster.
9. What causes tides?
A. Gravitational pull of the moon.
B. Variation in the salinity of ocean water.
C. Strong winds that blow over ocean water.
D. The shifting of the plates on the ocean floor.
10. Which among the following is the best example of gravitational force?
A. A breeze blows and a sailboat moves.
B. A car hits a tree and its motion stops.
C. A book is pushed and it moves across the table.
D. A person drops a ball and it falls to the ground.

17
 Lesson

2 Frictional Force

You will find friction everywhere because all objects come into contact
with each other. The force acts in the opposite direction to the way an object
wants to slide. If a car needs to stop at a stop sign, it slows down because of
the friction between the breaks and the wheels. If you run down the sidewalk
and stop quickly, you can stop because of the friction between your shoes and
the cement. When you slide an object on the floor, a force will stop its motion.
This force is friction.

What’s In

Do you remember how gravity affects movements of objects?

Complete the given paragraph below with words that can be traced from
the CIRCLE. Write the completed paragraph on a separate sheet of paper.

O N B E
I T
T W
C E

A E
N
R
T
T
W
T
O
A
Gravity is a ______________________. O
F
B
O
J
E
E
C
C
R
R T
O
R S
START HERE
F
O
END HERE R
S M
E S S A

18
 What’s New
Perform the activity below, then answer the guide questions on a
separate sheet of paper.
Title: Friction-free (Safety Precaution:Make sure an adult is supervising you
while you’re doing this activity)
Problem: How does a lubricant work?
What you need:
a smooth metal tray notebook a small flat glass
bottle water soap
What you need to do:
1. Position the metal tray in a sliding manner. Let the bottle slide down on it.
2. Wet the metal tray and slide the bottle down.
3. Now, rub the soap on the wet side and slide the bottle down again. Observe
the movement of the bottle.
What have you found out:
Answer the following questions and write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Is there friction between the bottle and the dry metal tray? Why do you say
so?
2. Why did the glass bottle slide down easily when the surface of the tray was
wet with water?
3. What happened when you rubbed the soap on the wet side of the tray?
4. Is soap a lubricant? Why or why not?
5. How does a lubricant work?

Congratulations for completing this activity!

19
 What is It

Frictional Force

bowling

pendulum

https://www.canva.com/design/DAET3PVQqNY/n
AYGXKVmrijzrWOa-5ESZg/edit (January 5, 2021)

Newton’s First Law of Motion states that when an object is set in

motion, it will remain in motion until acted on by an outside force.
Theoretically, this could mean you could travel at the same speed forever in
one direction. The reason you do not see this happen is because of friction.
The force of friction is the resistance to motion that is in the opposite direction
of the traveling object. That is why if you roll a ball on the ground, it eventually
stops. Friction is also the reason why you can hold a notebook, and the reason
why you do not slip when walking. The ground and other solid surfaces can
cause friction called dry friction, but fluids (liquids and gases) like water and
air can also causes frictional forces called fluid friction. (Mercado & Dela Paz, 2016).

Effects of Friction
You are capable to walk on the floor due to the force exerted by the floor
adjacent to the force exerted by your feet. You are able to push objects on a
table due to friction.

A boy pushing a table.

A girl walking
on the street.

https://www.canva.com/design/DAET3PVQqNY/n
AYGXKVmrijzrWOa-5ESZg/edit (January 19, 2021)

20
 Friction produces heat energy. When you rub your palms against each
other, how do you feel?

https://www.canva.com/design/DAET3PVQqNY/nA
YGXKVmrijzrWOa-5ESZg/edit (January 18, 2021)

Friction is a nuisance. It converts kinetic energy into heat and wastes

it. This reduces the efficiency of engines and other machines. (Mercado & Dela Paz,
2016).

Reducing Friction
Friction wastes matter as well as energy. It causes wear in tires, soles
of shoes, and the moving parts of machinery. Materials that are worth millions
of pesos are ruined each year by wear. Look around your home and school for
things that have worn out because of friction.
Much energy in the gasoline burned in cars is wasted by friction.
Electricity is wasted when an electric motor heats up because of friction.
How can you reduce friction? Polishing the surface will smooth out the
irregularities and the roughness between the surfaces, which in turn, will
reduce the coefficient of friction that the surfaces will generate.
Lubricants are slippery materials that reduce friction. Lubricating a
surface with oil is another way to reduce the friction on it. Ask a mechanic or
perhaps your own father or driver to explain how a car is greased and oiled.
Ask about the spots in the car that are lubricated and how often. Sometimes,
graphite, a flaky form of carbon, is rubbed on spots where oil is liable to collect
dust. (Mercado & Dela Paz, 2016).

https://www.canva.com/design/D
AET3PVQqNY/nAYGXKVmrijzrWO
a-5ESZg/edit (January 18, 2021)

21
Using Rollers, Wheels, and Bearing
Have you observed your beds, sala set, and some big appliances at
home? Why can you move them easily? What do you think are the uses of
balls and bearings in engines?

An ice-cream cart can be pushed

easily because it has wheels. The
bearings in the wheels at the bicycle
enable it to move easily.

Rollers, wheels, and bearings

reduce friction. They are placed
between two materials, making it
possible for the surfaces of these
materials to roll over each other. Thus,
friction is reduced. https://www.canva.com/design/DAET3P
VQqNY/nAYGXKVmrijzrWOa-5ESZg/edit
(January 18, 2021)

swivel chair

computer table

https://www.canva.com/design/DAET3
https://www.canva.com/design/DAE
PVQqNY/nAYGXKVmrijzrWOa-
T3PVQqNY/nAYGXKVmrijzrWOa-
5ESZg/edit (January 18, 2021)
5ESZg/edit (January 18, 2021)

Life without friction

Is friction totally undesirable? Should it be eliminated? Ask your father
how the breaks in his car work. Imagine yourself walking on a road covered
with grease. Can you walk easily on a greased surface?
Friction plays an important role in your life. Without friction, you
cannot walk, tie your shoelaces, pick up things, raise things, or drive nails
into boards. Friction also keeps lids on jars. Can you imagine how life would
be without friction? (Mercado & Dela Paz, 2016).

22
 What’s More
Activity 1

Analyze the following sentences. Write TRUE if the statement is

correct or FALSE if it is NOT. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Friction is the force that is present whenever two surfaces are in

contact.
2. The direction of the frictional force is opposite to the direction of the
movement.
3. Rubbing both hands together to create heat is an example of rolling
friction.
4. Friction keeps an object at rest from moving.
5. The rougher the surface, the faster an object will travel over the
surface.
6. The amount of friction depends on the weight of the objects pressing
together.
7. When most objects with smooth surfaces rub, there is less friction.
8. The frictional force acts in the direction of motion of the body.
9. The use of friction is always disadvantageous.
10. A wet oily road offers more friction than a dry rough road.

Activity 2

Analyze the following situations. Write FACT if the situation shows how
friction affects movements of objects or BLUFF if it does NOT. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Flipping a page
2. Falling of leaves from trees
3. A washing machine pushed along a floor
4. A person sliding down a slide
5. The bottom of a glass being pushed across a table
6. A paper sliding against the paper holder once released from a copy machine
7. Jeans on your legs when putting them on
8. The bottom of a trashcan sliding against the concrete
9. Our shoes and the floor stop us from slipping.
10. The brakes and wheel help bikes and cars to slow down.

23
Activity 3

List down 10 situations that show how friction affects the movement of
objects. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. (Note: Examples in
Activity 2 should not be included.)

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s to complete each sentence.
Choose your answer inside the box and write it on your answer sheet.

dry friction fluid friction reduce

force of friction lubricants
force of gravity an outside force

1. Newton’s First Law of Motion states that when an object is set in motion, it
will remain in motion until acted on by _______________.

2. Rollers, wheels, and, bearings _______________ friction.

3. The _______________ is the resistance to motion that is in the opposite

direction of the traveling object.

4. _______________ are slippery materials that reduce friction.

5. The ground and other solid surfaces can cause frictional force called
_______________, but fluids (liquids and gases) like water and air can also
cause frictional forces called _______________.

24
 What I Can Do
Analyze the following situations. Infer what will happen in the following
situations. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A book is at rest on a flat piece of wood that is inclined at a small angle to
a table. Gradually, the angle between the wood and the table is increased.
2. Two similar blocks of dry soap are pushed across a smooth table top. For
one block of soap, the table is dry and for the other block the table has been
wet with a water detergent mix.
3. A student slides down a plastic bottle on a slippery slide covered with water
and then repeats the experience with a soapy solution spread across the
surface.

Rubrics for the Writtten Ouput

Criteria 4 3 2 1
Organization Follows a Follows a It is easy to It is
correct correct understand, unorganized,
arrangement of arrangement neat and difficult to
ideas. it is easy of ideas. It is presentable. understand
to understand easy to and follow.
and clear to understand
read, visually and clear to
appealing and read.
relevant to the
discussed ideas
Content The insights are The insights The insights The ideas
comprehensively are are show no
discussed with moderately minimally insight,
deep discussed discussed, understanding
understanding and the and the or reflective
of the idea, and thoughts are thoughts thought.
the thoughts are reflective are
reflective and and reflective
convincing. convincing. and
convincing.

25
 Assessment
Analyze the sentences below. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements best describes friction?

A. It is a force that occurs in two solids.
B. It is a force that occurs only on rough surfaces.
C. It is a force that occurs between solids and liquids.
D. It is a force that occurs when surfaces touch each other.
2. Which can cause the greatest friction?
A. polished floor C. tiled floor
B. rough floor D. wet floor
3. How can you best reduce friction between the bottom or feet of furniture
and the floor?
A. by making the floor smooth
B. by keeping furniture on their place
C. by applying lubricants like wax on the floor
D. by putting wheels or rollers on the bottom or feet of furniture
4. When is friction undesirable?
A. pushing furniture
B. lighting a matchstick
C. walking on the street
D. using the breaks when approaching a stoplight
5. Which surface will produce the least amount of friction?
A. fuzzy soccer field C. gravel running track
B. grassy soccer field D. smooth glass tabletop
6. Why is it easy to slip when there is water on a smooth floor?
A. The water increases the friction between your feet and the floor.
B. The water is a lubricant and reduces the friction between your feet
and the floor.
C. The friction between your feet and the floor changes from kinetic to
static friction.
D. The friction between your feet and the floor changes from sliding
kinetic friction to rolling kinetic friction.
7. Which type of friction is used when an object moves through a liquid or
gas?
A. dry C. sliding
B. fluid D. static

26
8. Which of the following situations show that friction is helpful?
A. brakes used on a bike
B. tires from a car on the road
C. tread on the bottom of your shoes
D. all of the above
9. How can friction be reduced?
A. use wax, grease or oil
B. reduce the force acting between the 2 surfaces
C. reduce the roughness of the 2 surfaces coming in contact
D. All of the above are ways of reducing friction
10. Which is NOT a way of reducing friction?
A. making rough surfaces
B. making the surfaces smoother
C. using lubricants such as waxes, oils, or grease
D. changing from sliding friction to rolling friction using ball bearings

27
 28
Activity 3
Answers may vary.
(Examples in the previous
activity should not be
Lesson 2 included in the answers of
pupils.)
What’s In
force of attraction between What I Have Learned
two objects or masses 1. outside force
2. reduce
What's New 3. force of friction
1. Yes, because when two 4. lubricants
surfaces are in contact, there 5. dry friction, fluid friction
is a friction.
Lesson 1 What’s I Can Do
2. Because friction is
What I Can Do reduced. 1. The book starts to slide
1. Both will hit the ground at 3. Soap serves as lubricant. down when the angle of the
the same time. Therefore, friction is wood is increased.
2. Both will hit the ground at reduced.
2. The dry soap on the wet
the same time. 4. Yes
table will slide faster than on
3. If we use the Law of 5. Lubricants are slippery
the dry table.
Acceleration, the heavier materias that reduce friction
bALL must be the one to hit 3. The plastic bottle will slide
What’s More
the floor first because gravity faster with a soapy solution
1. False 6. True
pulls on it with more force. than a surface covered with
2. True 7. True
water.
3. True 8. False
Assessment 4. True 9. False Assessment
1. D 6. A 5. False 10. False 1. D 6. B
2. B 7. D Activity 2 2. B 7. B
3. A 8. A 1. Fact 6. Fact 3. D 8. D
4. B 9. A 2. Bluff 7. Fact 4. A 9. D
5. A 10. D 3. Fact 8. Fact 5. D 10. A
4. Fact 9. Fact
5. Fact 10. Fact
Lesson 1 What’s New What’s More
1. metal ball Activity 2
What I Know 1. 6.
2. heavier, because the
1. True higher the mass, the more 2. 7.
2. True gravity it exerts 3. 8.
3. True 3. Gravitational Force 4. 9.
4. True 4. The greater the mass, the 5. 10.
5. False stronger its gravity
6. True 5. The greater the mass, the Activity 3
7. True stronger its gravity Answers may vary.
8. True (Examples in the previous
9. True What’s More activity should not be
10. False Activity 1 included in the answers of
What's In pupils.)
1. i 6. c
1. conserving 2. e 7. h What I have Learned
2. reforestation 3. g 8. f 1. more
3. rehabilitation 4. b 9. a 2. mass, distance
4. building 5. j 10. d 3. gravitational force
5. restoration 4. moon
5. weightlessness
Answer Key
References
Castante-Padpad, Evelyn. (2017).The New Science Links, p. 311. Rex Bookstore

Mercado, Mary Joy P., Dela Paz, Shirley S. (2016). Explore and Experience Science 6, pp. 219-221.
Mega Jesta Prints, Inc.

San Pablo, Jovita H. (2017). Real-Life Science. p. 347-348. Abiva Publishing House, Inc.

https://www.q files.com/science/forces/gravity (January 3, 2020)

https://phys.org/news/2016-01-strong-gravity-planets.html (January 3, 2021)

https://www.macmillandictionaryblog. com/weightless (January 4, 2021)

https://www.online-sciences.com/earth-and-motion/the-gravity-and-the-weightlessness-in-the-solar-
system/ (January 4, 2021)

https://www.everydayhealth.com/columns/trevis-gleason-life-with-multiple-sclerosis/swinging-
pendulum-ms-symptoms/ (January 5, 2021)

https://newtonslawsofmotion57.weebly.com/1st-law.html (January 5, 2021)

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/boy-pushing-table-into-room-green-602620595
(January 5, 2021)

https://psbsphysicsy8.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/physics-ch-02-motion-notes-hany-elgezawy-
pre-igcse-y8.pdf (January 5, 2021)

https://citytoday.news/to-wash-hands-use-soap-and-water-whenever-possible/ (January 5, 2021)

https://clipartstation.com/floor-wax-clipart-1/ (January 5, 2021)

https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/motor-oil.html (January 5, 2021)

https://www.sourcemedicalequipment.com/Perch-Lab-Chair-Chrome-with-Basic-Backrest-
p/lbbac.htm (January 5, 2021)

https://www.officewarehouse.com.ph/product/18457/ (January 5, 2021)

https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/model/c80df5925f2cfba154b8484f28e7175c/Ice-Cream-cart
(January 5, 2021)

https://www.limassolskateschool.com/inline-skating-blog-cyprus/buy-roller-skates-inline-skates-
rollerblades-cyprus (January 5, 2021)

29
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

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Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph