Lab Manual For 1 Sem

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Lab Manual for

B.E. Mathematics
Practical using
FOSS(Python) for
I semester B.E.
______________
Efective from the academic Year 2020-21
________________________
Department of Mathematics
MVJ college of Engineering(Autonomous)
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Contents
Lab Manual for B.E.I semester Mathematics FOSS(Python) MVJ College of Engineering effective from 2020-21
Page 1
1. INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON, DOWNLOAD AND INSTALL PYTHON AND
RELATED PACKAGES
2. COMMANDS IN PYTHON
3. STATEMENTS IN PYTHON
4. SIMPLE PROGRAMS WRITING AND EXECUTING
5. ANGLE BETWEEN RADIUS VECTOR AND THE TANGENT, ANGLE BETWEEN
TWO CURVES
6. RADIUS OF CURVATURE
7. MACLAURIN,S SERIES
8. INDETERMINATE FORMS
9. JACOBIANS
10. PLOTTING
11. EVALUATION OF INTEGRALS
12.SOLVING LINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS
LAB 1.Introduction to Python
Page 2
Python is a widely used general purpose ,high level programming
language.it was initially designed by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and
developed by Python Software Foundation. It was mainly developed
emphasis on code readability , and its syntax allows programmers to
express concepts in fewer lines of code.
Python is a programming language that lets you work quickly and integrate
systems more efficiently
There are two major Python versions – Python 2 and Python 3. Both are
quite different.
Beginning with Python programming :
Before we start Python programming , we need to have an interpreter and
run our programs. There are certain online interpreters like
http://ide.geekforgeeks.org/, http://ideone.com/ or http://codepad.org/
that can be used to start Python without installing an interpreter.
Windows: There are many interpreters available freely to run Python
scripts like IDLE (Integrated Development Environment) which is installed
when you install the python software from http://python.org/
1.1.INSTALLING PYTHON
Page 3
1. Go to => https://www.python.org/downloads
2. Download the file
3. Double click on downloaded file (check THE BOX add python to path )
4. Install Now
5. Open python IDLE in search or in all program
6. Start working on IDLE
1.2.INSTALLING PACKAGES FOR PYTHON
1. Go to search and type: cmd command prompt is opened
2. Type: python -m pip install --upgrade pip
3. pip install numpy
4. pip install sympy
5. pip install matplotlib
LAB 2.COMMANDS IN PYTHON
2.1.Execute the following commands,record the output and
explain their meaning :
Page 4
For Example:
>>> 2+3
Output: 5
Explanation :2+3
>>> 2-3
Output: -1
Explanation : 2-3
>>> 2*3
Output: 6
Explanation : 2*3
>>> 2/3
Output :0.6666666666666666
Explanation : 2/3
>>> 2**3
Output: 8
Explanation : 23
>>> 2//3
Output: 0
Explanation :quotient obtained in dividing 2 by 3
2.2.Execute the following commands in console , record the
output and explain the nature of the command.
Page 5
>>> int(3/2)
>>> round(2.51)
>>> round(2.49)
>>> round(2.5)
>>> round(3.51)
>>> round(3.49)
>>> round(3.5)
>>> x=23145621.456872194
>>> x
>>> round(x)
>>> round(x,1)
>>> round(x,2)
>>> round(x,4)
>>> round(x,6)
>>> round(x,-1)
>>> round(x,-2)
>>> round(x,-4)
>>> round(x,-7)
>>> round(x,-8)
0.0
>>> x,y,z=1,2,3
>>> x
>>> x+y
>>> x+y+z
Page 6
>>> print(x)
>>> print(x+y)
>>> print(x+y+z)
>>> x,x+y,x+y+z
(1, 3, 6)
>>> print(x,x+y,x+y+z)
>>> x=5
>>> x+=2
>>> x
>>> x-=2
>>> x
>>> a=[10,20,30,40]
>>> a
>>> a[0],a[1],a[2]
>>> a[3]
>>> a[-1]
>>> a[-2]
>>> a[-3]
>>> a[-4]
>>> a.append(50)
>>> a
>>> b=[60,70,80]
>>> a.append(b[0])
>>> a
>>> a.append(b)
Page 7
>>> a
>>> a.insert(6,90)
>>> a
>>> a.insert(0,100)
>>> a
>>> a.pop()
>>> a
>>> a.pop()
>>> a
>>> a.pop(1)
>>> a
>>> a.pop(0)
>>> a
>>> a.pop(-1)
>>> a
>>> a.remove(40)
>>> a
>>> a.remove(a[1])
>>> a
>>> a=[1,5,9,7,1,0,6,9]
>>> a
>>> a.sort()
>>> a
>>> b=[12,36,0,15,78,9,3,4,6,7]
>>> b
Page 8
>>> b.sort()
>>> b
>>> import math
>>> math.sin(1)
>>> math.cos(1)
>>> math.e
>>> math.pi
>>> import math as m
>>> m.sin(1)
>>> m.cos(1)
>>> m.e
>>> m.pi
>>> from math import *
>>> sin(1)
>>> cos(1)
>>> e
>>> pi
>>> sin(pi/2)
>>> cos(pi/2)
>>> tan(pi/2)
>>> log(e)
>>> log(100)
>>> log10(100)
>>> log2(16)
>>> asin(.5)
Page 9
>>> acos(.6)
>>> atan(35)
>>> asin(1)
>>> acos(1)
>>> asin(-1)
>>> acos(-1)
>>> atan(-1)
>>> atan(1.1)
>>> asinh(2)
>>> acosh(2)
>>> ceil(2.12354)
>>> ceil(6.99999)
>>> ceil(6.000001)
>>> floor(2.2315)
>>> floor(2.99999)
>>> sinh(2)
>>> cosh(2)
>>> tanh(2)
>>> degrees(pi)
>>> degrees(pi/2)
>>> radians(90)
>>> radians(pi/4)
>>> radians(pi/4)
>>> radians(180)
>>> exp(2)
Page 10
>>> e**2
>>> abs(x)
>>> x
>>> x=-23.125
>>> abs(x)
>>> fabs(x)
>>> x=-123
>>> abs(x)
>>> x
>>> fabs(x)
>> factorial(5)
>>> factorial(10)
>>> factorial(0)
>>> 3//2
>>> 5//2
>>> 5%2
>>> 13%5
>>> fmod(5,2)
>>> fmod(13,5)
>>> gcd(15,25)
>>> gcd(7,13)
>>> gcd(-20,4)
>>> hypot(0,1)
>>> hypot(1,1)
>>> hypot(3,5)
Page 11
>>> modf(2.5)
>>> modf(35.26)
>>> pow(2,3)
>>> pow(3,4)
>>> x=range(10)
>>> x
range(0, 10)
>>> x[0]
>>> x[5]
>>> x[9]
>>> len(x)
>>> min(x)
>>> max(x)
>>> sum(x)
>>> x=range(5,10)
>>> len(x)
>>> x[0]
>>> x[3]
>>> x[4]
>>> x=range(2,6)
>>> list(x)
>>> x
range(2, 6)
>>> list(_)
>>> a={1,2,3,4,5}
Page 12
>>> a
>>> a={1,2,'b','i',6}
>>> a
{'b', 1, 2, 6, 'i'}
>>> a={1,1,3,4,6,5,3}
>>> a
{1, 3, 4, 5, 6}
{range(0, 10)}
>>> a={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
>>> a
>>> b={2,4,6,8,10}
>>> a|b
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
>>> a&b
{8, 2, 4, 6}
>>> a-b
{1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
>>> b-a
{10}
>>> x=3+4j
>>> x
>>> y=4+3j
>>> x+y
>>> x-y
(-1+1j)
Page 13
>>> x*y
>>> x/y
>>> abs(x)
>>> bin(20)
>>> oct(20)
>>> hex(20)
>>> int(0b101101)
>>> int(0o120367)
>>> int(0x12abc534)
>>> int(0o234)
LAB 3. STATEMENTS IN PYTHON
3.1. Variable names

The variable name is a combination of alphabets, digits and underscore
without spaces , must start with an alphabet or an underscore. Variable names
are used to assign some value or expression. Python is case sensitive,’A’ is treated
different from’ a’. Some examples
Valied variable names

A=5
B=6
c=10
d=15
ramesh12=13
suresh=50
my_function=30
invalied variable names

2a
My function
Page 14
123
A,b,c
3.2. print statement
a=2
b=3
The print statement is a function its general form is
Print(‘this is’,a,’that is’,b)
Where a and b are pre assigned variable names. If the above statement is
executed the output will be as , this is 2 that is 3, anything written between two
single quotes or between two double quotes are considered as string.
3.3. if statement
The syntax of if statement is
if condition:
Statement1
Statement2
Statement3
Statement4
Statement5
Statement6
Statement7
Here the “condition” is a logical expression which is either true or false if

the “condition” is true then all the statements in the block ( Statement1 to
statement6) are executed and then the control moves to execute statement7. If
the ‘condition ” is false then Statement1 to statement6 are skipped and the
control moves to execute statement7.It may be observed that statement1 to
statement7 are placed with same indent which is called the block of if statement.
3.4. if else statement
Page 15
The syntax of if else statement is
if condition:
Statement1
Statement2
Statement3
Statement4
Statement5
Statement6
else:
Statement7
Statement8
Stayement9
Statement10
Here the “condition” is a logical expression which is either true or false if
the “condition” is true then all the statements in the block ( Statement1 to
statement6) are executed and then the control moves to execute statement10. If
the ‘condition ” is false then Statement1 to statement6 are skipped ,Statement7
to Statement9 are executed and the control moves to execute statement10.It
may be observed that statement1 to statement7 are placed with same indent
which is called the true block and Statement7 to Statement9 is called false block.
3.5. nested if statement
The syntax of if else statement is
if condition1:
BLOCK1
elif condition2:
Page 16
BLOCK2
else:
BLOCK3
If condition1 is true BLOCK1 is executed else if condition2 is true BLOCK2 is
executed else BLOCK3 is executed.
3.6. for loop
The syntax of for loop is

for i in range(n):
S1
S2
S3
print()
First time is initialized to zero and all the statements in the body of for
loop(i.e. S1,S2,S3) are executed once, then i increased by 1, again all the
statements in the body are executed, again i increased by 1 and the process
continues ,when i reaches n then the control comes out of for loop and the next
statement (in this case it is the print statement) is executed.
for i in range(1,n):
S1
S2
S3
print()
In this case i start with 1
for i in range(1,n,2):
S1
S2
S3
print()
In this case i start with 1 and the increment is 2.
3.7. while loop
Page 17
The syntax of while loop is
while condition:
S1
S2
S3
print()
The while loop is executed as long as condition is true if the condition is
false then the control comes out of the loop and the next statement is executed.
LAB 4. SIMPLE PROGRAMS: WRITING AND
EXECUTION
4.1. some simple programs
#print statement
print('Mathematics')
print("physics")
a=1
b=2
c=3
print(a)
print(b)
print('a=',a)
print('b=',b)
print(a+b+c)
print('a+b+c=',a+b+c)
*******************************************************************
Mathematics
physics
Page 18
1
2
a= 1
b= 2
6
a+b+c= 6
___________________________________________________________________
#if statement
a=1
b=2
c=3
if a<b:
print(a)
if a>b:
print(a)
# if else statement
if a<b:
print(a)
else:
print(b)
if a>b:
print(a)
else:
print(b)
#nested if statements
if a<b:
print(a)
elif a<c:
print(b)
else:
print(c)
if a>b:
print(a)
elif a>c:
Page 19
print(b)
else:
print(c)
*******************************************************************
1
1
2
1
3
>>>
___________________________________________________________________
#for loop
for i in range(10):
print(i)
for i in range(10):
print(i,end='')
for i in range(10):
print(i,end=' ')
for i in range(10):
print(i,end=',')
*******************************************************************
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
01234567890 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,
>>
___________________________________________________________________
Page 20
Exercise :
1.Write a program to find the factorial of a natural number n
2. Write a program to find the sum of first n natural numbers
3. Write a program to find the roots of a quadratic equayion
4. Write a program to reverse a number
5. Write a program to check the given number is palindrome or not
6. Write a program to check the given number is prime or not
7. write a program to print all odd numbers between 0 and 20
8. write a program to print even numbers between 25 and 45
9. Write a program to print all numbers divisible by 3 between 55 and 75
10. Write a program to print the first n Fibonacci numbers
Lab 5. Angle between radius vector and

the tangent, angle between two curves
#angle between the radius vector and the tangent
#to the curve r=a*(1-cos(t)) at t=pi/2
from sympy import *
a,m,r,t=symbols('a,m,r,t')
R=a*(1-cos(t))
R=R.subs(t,pi/2)
u=r-a*(1-cos(t))
nr=diff(u,t)
dr=diff(u,r)
drdt=-nr/dr
drdt=drdt.subs({t:pi/2,r:R})
PHI=atan(R/drdt)
print('The angle between the radius vector and the tangent =',PHI)
Page 21
#angle between the radius vector and the tangent
#to the curve r^m=a^m(cosmt-sinmt) at t=0
from sympy import *
a,m,r,t=symbols('a,m,r,t')
R=a*((cos(m*t)-sin(m*t))**(1/m))
R=R.subs(t,0)
u=r**m-a**m*(cos(m*t)-sin(m*t))
nr=diff(u,t)
dr=diff(u,r)
drdt=-nr/dr
drdt=drdt.subs({t:0,r:R})
PHI=atan(R/drdt)
print('The angle between the radius vector and the tangent =',PHI)
'''Angle of intersection of two curves

r1=a/(1-cost) and r2=b/(1-cost) at t = pi/3'''
from sympy import *
a,b,r1,r2,t=symbols('a,b,r1,r2,t')
R1=a/(1+cos(t))
R1=R1.subs(t,pi/3)
u1=r1-a/(1+cos(t))
nr1=diff(u1,t)
dr1=diff(u1,r1)
drdt1=-nr1/dr1
Page 22
drdt1=drdt1.subs({t:pi/3,r1:R1})
PHI1=atan(R1/drdt1)
print('The angle between the radius vector R1 and the tangent=',PHI1)
R2=b/(1-cos(t))
R2=R2.subs(t,pi/3)
u2=r2-b/(1-cos(t))
nr2=diff(u2,t)
dr2=diff(u2,r2)
drdt2=-nr2/dr2
PHI2=atan(R2/drdt2)
print('The angle of intersection =',abs(PHI1-PHI2))
'''Angle of intersection of two curves

r1^2=16sin2t and r2^2sin2t=4 t = pi/12'''
from sympy import *
r1,r2,t=symbols('r1,r2,t')
R1=4*sqrt(sin(2*t))
R1=R1.subs(t,pi/12)
u1=r1-4*sqrt(sin(2*t))
nr1=diff(u1,t)
dr1=diff(u1,r1)
drdt1=-nr1/dr1
Page 23
PHI1=atan(R1/drdt1)
R2=2/sqrt(sin(2*t))
R2=R2.subs(t,pi/12)
u2=r2-2/sqrt(sin(2*t))
nr2=diff(u2,t)
dr2=diff(u2,r2)
drdt2=-nr2/dr2
PHI2=atan(R2/drdt2)
print('The angle of intersection =',abs(PHI1-PHI2))
6.Radius of curvature
'''Radius of curvature for the curve
y^2=4ax cartesian form'''
from sympy import *
x,y,a=symbols('x,y,a')
y=2*sqrt(a*x)
y1=diff(y,x)
y2=diff(y1,x)
roh=((1+y1**2)**(3/2))/y2
Page 24
print('Radius of curvature=',roh)
''' Radius of curvature for the curve
x=a(t+sint) , y=a(1-cost) at t=0 parametric form'''
from sympy import *
x,y,a,t=symbols('x,y,a,t')
x=a*(t+sin(t))
y=a*(1-cos(t))
x1=diff(x,t)
x2=diff(x1,t)
y1=diff(y,t)
y2=diff(y1,t)
roh=simplify((x1**2+y1**2)**(3/2)/(x1*y2-y1*x2))
roh=roh.subs(t,0)
print('Radius of curvature -',roh)
r=a(1+cost) at t=0 polar form'''
from sympy import *
x,y,a,t=symbols('x,y,a,t')
a=2
r=a*(1+cos(t))
r1=diff(r,t)
Page 25
r2=diff(r1,t)
roh=(r**2+r1**2)**(3/2)/(r**2+2*r1**2-r*r2)
roh=simplify(roh)
print('Radius of curvature at is',roh)
roh=roh.subs(t,0)
print('Radius of curvature at t=0 is',round(roh,2))
r^3=2ap**2 pedal form'''
from sympy import *
p,a=symbols('p,a')
r=(2*a*p**2)**(1/3)
r1=diff(r,p)
roh=r*r1
print('Radius of curvature=',roh)
roh=roh.subs({p:2,a:2})
print('Radius of curvature at p=2,a=2 is ',round(roh,2))
>>>
= RESTART: C:\Users\user\Documents\radofcur.py =
Radius of curvature= -2*x**2*(a/x + 1)**1.5/sqrt(a*x)
Radius of curvature - 4.0*(a**2)**0.5
Radius of curvature at is 1.88561808316413*(cos(t) + 1)**0.5

Page 26
Radius of curvature at t=0 is 2.67
Radius of curvature= 1.0582673679788*(a*p**2)**0.666666666666667/p
Radius of curvature at p=2,a=2 is 2.12
>>>
7. Maclaurin’s series
#Expand e^x in powers of x by Maclaurin's seris
#upto 5th powers of x
from sympy import *
from math import *
x=Symbol('x')
y=e**x
Sum=0
for i in range(0,6):
y1=diff(y,x,i)
y1=y1.subs(x,0)
fact=round(1/factorial(i),2)
term=y1*x**i*fact
Sum=Sum+term
print(Sum)
Page 27
#Expand sinx in powers of x by Maclaurin's seris
from sympy import *
x=Symbol('x')
y=sin(x)
Sum=0
y1=diff(y,x,i)
y1=y1.subs(x,0)
term=y1*x**i/factorial(i)
Sum=Sum+term
print(Sum)
#Expand cosx in powers of x by Maclaurin's seris
from sympy import *
x=Symbol('x')
y=cos(x)
Page 28
Sum=0
y1=diff(y,x,i)
y1=y1.subs(x,0)
Sum=Sum+term
print(Sum)
#Expand tanx in powers of x by Maclaurin's seris
from sympy import *
x=Symbol('x')
y=tan(x)
Sum=0
y1=diff(y,x,i)
y1=y1.subs(x,0)
Sum=Sum+term
Page 29
print(Sum)
#Expand lo(1+x) in powers of x by Maclaurin's seris
from sympy import *
x=Symbol('x')
y=log(1+x)
Sum=0
y1=diff(y,x,i)
y1=y1.subs(x,0)
Sum=Sum+term
print(Sum)
#Expand lo(1+x) in powers of x by Maclaurin's seris
from sympy import *
x=Symbol('x')
Page 30
y=log(1-x)
Sum=0
y1=diff(y,x,i)
y1=y1.subs(x,0)
Sum=Sum+term
print(Sum)
RESTART: C:\Users\user\Documents\maclaurin.py
0.01*x**5 + 0.04*x**4 + 0.17*x**3 + 0.5*x**2 + 1.0*x + 1.0
x**5/120 - x**3/6 + x
x**4/24 - x**2/2 + 1
2*x**5/15 + x**3/3 + x
x**5/5 - x**4/4 + x**3/3 - x**2/2 + x
-x**5/5 - x**4/4 - x**3/3 - x**2/2 - x
>>>
Lab 8. Indeterminate forms
>>> from sympy import *
Page 31
>>> x=Symbol('x')
>>> limit(sin(x)/x,x,0)
1
>>> limit(tan(x),x,0)
0
>>> limit(tan(x)/x,x,0)
1
>>> limit((x**3+3*x-4)/(2*x**2+x-3),x,1)
6/5
>>> limit((x**2-x-2)/(x-2),x,2)
3
>>> from math import *
>>> limit((e**x-1)/x,x,0)
1.00000000000000
Lab 9. Jacobians
#Finding jacobian
from sympy import *
r,t=symbols('r,t')
x=r*cos(t)
y=r*sin(t)
A=Matrix([x,y])
jacA=A.jacobian([r,t])
jacobian=simplify(det(jacA))
Page 32
print('jacobian(A)=',jacobian)
#Finding jacobian
from sympy import *
x,y,z=symbols('x,y,z')
u=z-x
v=y-z
w=x+y+z
A=Matrix([u,v,w])
jacA=A.jacobian([x,y,z])
#Finding jacobian
from sympy import *
x,y=symbols('x,y')
u=x*(1-y)
v=x*y
A=Matrix([u,v])
jacA=A.jacobian([x,y])
#Finding jacobian
from sympy import *
Page 33
x,y=symbols('x,y')
u=exp(x)*(cos(y)+sin(y))/2
v=exp(x)*(cos(y)-sin(y))/2
A=Matrix([u,v])
#Finding jacobian
from sympy import *
x,y=symbols('x,y')
u=atan(x)+atan(y)
v=(x+y)/(1-x*y)
A=Matrix([u,v])
#Finding jacobian
from sympy import *
r,t,p=symbols('r,t,p')
x=r*sin(t)*cos(p)
y=r*sin(t)*sin(p)
z=r*cos(t)
A=Matrix([x,y,z])
Page 34
jacA=A.jacobian([r,t,p])
= RESTART: C:/Users/user/Documents/jacobian.py =
jacobian(A)= r
jacobian(A)= -3
jacobian(A)= x
jacobian(A)= -exp(2*x)/2
jacobian(A)= 0
jacobian(A)= r**2*sin(t)
>>>
10. Plotting
'''#Plotting
from pylab import *
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
y=[2,4,6,8,10,12]
plot(x,y)
show()
#Plotting
from pylab import *
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
y=[2,4,6,8,10,12]
Page 35
plot(x,y,marker='+')
show()
#Plotting
from pylab import *
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
y=[2,4,6,8,10,12]
plot(x,y,marker='X')
show()
#Plotting
from pylab import *
x=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
y=[2,4,6,8,10,12]
plot(x,y,marker='*')
show()
#Plotting
from pylab import *
import numpy as np
import math as m
x=np.arange(-2*m.pi,2*m.pi,.01)
y=sin(x)
plot(x,y)
show()
Page 36
#plotting bar graph
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
left=[1,2,3,4,5]
height=[10,24,36,40,5]
tick_label1=['one','two','three','four','five']
plt.bar(left,height,tick_label=tick_label1,width=0.2,color=['red','green'])
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('BAR GRAPH')
plt.show()
#Histogram Plotting
ages=[2,5,70,40,30,50,6,10,13,15,22,46,90,86,35,44,56,31,42,5,3,2,1]
range=(0,50)
bins=5
plt.hist(ages,bins,range,color='green',histtype='bar',rwidth=.8)
plt.xlabel('age')
plt.ylabel('no. of people')
plt.title('My histogram')
plt.show()
#Pie chart
Page 37
activities=['Eat','Sleep','Work','Play']
slices=[3,7,8,6]
color=['r','y','g','b']
plt.pie(slices,labels=activities,colors=color,startangle=90,shadow=True,explode=(0
,0,0.1,0),radius=1.2,autopct='%1.1f%%')
plt.legend()
plt.show()
#Circle
import numpy as np
plt.axes(projection='polar')
plt.title('Circle in polar form=R')
rad=np.arange(0,2*np.pi,.01)
for radian in rad:
plt.polar(radian,2,'o')
plt.show()
#Cardioide
from numpy import *
fig=plt.figure()
fig.add_subplot(121,projection='polar')
Page 38
plt.title('Cardioide in polar form: radius=a+(b*cos(k*radian))')
r=arange(0,2*pi,.01)
a,b,k=-1,1,1
for radian in r:
radius=a+(b*cos(k*radian))
plt.polar(radian,radius,'o')
plt.show()
'''
11. Evaluation of integrals

>>> from sympy import *
>>> x,y,z,m,n=symbols('x,y,z,m,n')
>>> integrate(x**n,x)
>>> integrate(x**5,x)
>>> integrate(log(x),x)
>>> integrate(exp(x),x)
>>> integrate(sin(x),x)
>>> integrate(cos(x),x)
>>> integrate(x**5,x,x)
>>> integrate(integrate(x**5,x))
>>> integrate(integrate(integrate(integrate(x**5,x))))
>>> integrate(integrate(integrate(x**5,x,x)))
>>> integrate(integrate(x**5,x,x,x))
>>> integrate(x**5,x,x,x,x)
>>> integrate(cos(x)**3,[x,0,pi/2])
>>> integrate(cos(x)**8,[x,0,pi/2])
>>> integrate(sin(x),[x,0,pi/2])
>>> integrate(sin(x)**5,[x,0,pi/2])
>>> integrate(x*cos(x)**4,[x,0,pi])
>>> integrate(sin(x)**6*cos(x)**8,[x,0,pi/2])
Page 39
>>> integrate(integrate(x**2,[x,0,1]),[y,0,1])
1/3
>>> integrate(integrate(x**2,[y,0,1]),[x,0,1])
1/3
>>> integrate(integrate(x**2,[y,0,1]),[x,0,2])
8/3
>>> integrate(integrate(x**2,[x,0,1]),[y,0,2])
2/3
>>> integrate(x*sin(x)**4*cos(x)**6,[x,0,pi])
Lab 12.Solving homogeneous and non

homogeneous system of equations
12.1.homogeneous system of equations
#Solving homogeneous system of equations
from sympy import *
from numpy import *
a=Matrix(([1,2,3],[3,4,4],[7,10,12]))
(m,n)=a.shape
X=Matrix(([x],[y],[z]))
aX=a*X
r=a.rank()
print('rank(A)=',r)
s=solve(aX,[x,y,z])
Page 40
if r==n:
print('The system has only trivial solution',s)
else:
print('The system has a nontrivial solution')
print('The solution is',s)
*******************************************************************
rank(A)= 3
The system has only trivial solution {z: 0, y: 0, x: 0}
___________________________________________________________________
from sympy import *
from numpy import *
a=Matrix(([1,3,-2],[2,-1,4],[1,-11,14]))
(m,n)=a.shape
aX=a*X
r=a.rank()
print('rank(A)=',r)
s=solve(aX,[x,y,z])
if r==n:
else:
Page 41
*******************************************************************
rank(A)= 2
The system has a nontrivial solution
The solution is {y: 8*z/7, x: -10*z/7}
___________________________________________________________________
from sympy import *
from numpy import *
a=Matrix(([2,-2,5,3],[4,-1,1,1],[3,-2,3,4],[1,-3,7,6]))
(m,n)=a.shape
x,y,z,w=symbols('x,y,z,w')
X=Matrix(([x],[y],[z],[w]))
aX=a*X
r=a.rank()
print('rank(A)=',r)
s=solve(aX,[x,y,z,w])
if r==n:
else:
*******************************************************************
rank(A)= 3
The system has a nontrivial solution
The solution is {z: 7*w/9, y: 4*w, x: 5*w/9}
Page 42
___________________________________________________________________
12.2.non-homogeneous system of equations

#Solving non - homogeneous system of equations
from sympy import *
from numpy import *
a=Matrix(([1,1,1],[3,1,-2],[2,4,7]))
(m,n)=a.shape
b=Matrix(([-3],[-2],[7]))
aX=a*X
ab=a.col_insert(n,b)
r1=a.rank()
r2=ab.rank()
print('a=',a)
print('ab=',ab)
print('rank(a)=',r1)
print('rank(ab)=',r2)
if r1==r2:
print('The system is consistent')
if r1==n:
print(' The system has unique solution and the solution is')
s=solve(aX-b,[x,y,z])
Page 43
print(s)
else:
print('The system has infinitely many solutions and the solution is')
print(s)
else:
print('The sysyem is inconsistent')
*******************************************************************
a= Matrix([[1, 1, 1], [3, 1, -2], [2, 4, 7]])
ab= Matrix([[1, 1, 1, -3], [3, 1, -2, -2], [2, 4, 7, 7]])
rank(a)= 2
rank(ab)= 3
The sysyem is inconsistent
___________________________________________________________________
from sympy import *
from numpy import *
a=Matrix(([1,1,1],[1,2,3],[1,4,7]))
(m,n)=a.shape
b=Matrix(([6],[14],[30]))
aX=a*X
r1=a.rank()
Page 44
r2=ab.rank()
print('a=',a)
print('ab=',ab)
if r1==r2:
if r1==n:
print(s)
else:
print(s)
else:
*******************************************************************
a= Matrix([[1, 1, 1], [1, 2, 3], [1, 4, 7]])
ab= Matrix([[1, 1, 1, 6], [1, 2, 3, 14], [1, 4, 7, 30]])
rank(a)= 2
rank(ab)= 2
The system is consistent
The system has infinitely many solutions and the solution is
Page 45
{y: -2*z + 8, x: z - 2}
___________________________________________________________________
from sympy import *
from numpy import *
a=Matrix(([3,1,1],[-1,1,-2],[2,2,2],[-2,2,-3]))
(m,n)=a.shape
b=Matrix(([8],[-5],[12],[-7]))
aX=a*X
r1=a.rank()
r2=ab.rank()
print('a=',a)
print('ab=',ab)
if r1==r2:
if r1==n:
print(s)
Page 46
else:
print(s)
else:
*******************************************************************
a= Matrix([[3, 1, 1], [-1, 1, -2], [2, 2, 2], [-2, 2, -3]])
ab= Matrix([[3, 1, 1, 8], [-1, 1, -2, -5], [2, 2, 2, 12], [-2, 2, -3, -7]])
rank(a)= 3
rank(ab)= 3
The system is consistent
The system has unique solution and the solution is
{z: 3, y: 2, x: 1}
Page 47

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Lab Manual for

4. SIMPLE PROGRAMS WRITING AND EXECUTING

5. ANGLE BETWEEN RADIUS VECTOR AND THE TANGENT, ANGLE BETWEEN

11. EVALUATION OF INTEGRALS

12.SOLVING LINEAR SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS

LAB 1.Introduction to Python

language.it was initially designed by Guido van Rossum in 1991 and

developed by Python Software Foundation. It was mainly developed

emphasis on code readability , and its syntax allows programmers to

express concepts in fewer lines of code.

systems more efficiently

Beginning with Python programming :

Before we start Python programming , we need to have an interpreter and

run our programs. There are certain online interpreters like

http://ide.geekforgeeks.org/, http://ideone.com/ or http://codepad.org/

that can be used to start Python without installing an interpreter.

Windows: There are many interpreters available freely to run Python

scripts like IDLE (Integrated Development Environment) which is installed

when you install the python software from http://python.org/

2. Download the file

5. Open python IDLE in search or in all program

6. Start working on IDLE

1.2.INSTALLING PACKAGES FOR PYTHON

1. Go to search and type: cmd command prompt is opened

2. Type: python -m pip install --upgrade pip

3. pip install numpy

4. pip install sympy

5. pip install matplotlib

LAB 2.COMMANDS IN PYTHON

2.1.Execute the following commands,record the output and

explain their meaning :

2.2.Execute the following commands in console , record the

output and explain the nature of the command.

LAB 3. STATEMENTS IN PYTHON

3.1. Variable names

Valied variable names

invalied variable names

The syntax of if statement is

Here the “condition” is a logical expression which is either true or false if

Here the “condition” is a logical expression which is either true or false if

the ‘condition ” is false then Statement1 to statement6 are skipped ,Statement7

to Statement9 are executed and the control moves to execute statement10.It

3.5. nested if statement

The syntax of if else statement is

The syntax of for loop is

In this case i start with 1 and the increment is 2.

3.7. while loop

LAB 4. SIMPLE PROGRAMS: WRITING AND

4.1. some simple programs

Lab 5. Angle between radius vector and

'''Angle of intersection of two curves

'''Angle of intersection of two curves

'''Radius of curvature for the curve

y^2=4ax cartesian form'''

from sympy import *

''' Radius of curvature for the curve

x=a(t+sint) , y=a(1-cost) at t=0 parametric form'''

from sympy import *

print('Radius of curvature -',roh)

''' Radius of curvature for the curve

r=a(1+cost) at t=0 polar form'''

Radius of curvature - 4.0*(a2)0.5

Radius of curvature= 1.0582673679788(ap2)0.666666666666667/p

x5/5 - x4/4 + x3/3 - x2/2 + x

-x5/5 - x4/4 - x3/3 - x2/2 - x