RESEARCH DESIGN

(Ashley Ligutan)

What is Research Design?

•Research design is the overall plan or framework for conducting research and can be used for both
quantitative and qualitative studies. It is the foundation of a research project, as it informs the
researcher of which data needs to be collected and how it should be collected and analyzed.
Research design includes sample selection, data collection methods, data analysis techniques, and
the structure of the research project. The design should be tailored to the research question, and
the researcher must ensure that it is both reliable and valid.

•Research Design us the framework of research methods and techniques chosen by a researcher.
The design allows researchers to hone in on research methods that are suitable for the subject
matter and set up their studies up for success.

The design of a research topic explains the type of research (experimental, survey, correlational,
semi-experimental, review) and also it’s sub-type (experimental design, research problem,
descriptive case-study).

What’s the purpose of research design?

•The purpose of a research design is to provide a plan of study that permits accurate assessment of
cause and effect relationships between independent and dependent variables. The classic controlled
experiment is an ideal example of good research design.

How is research design done?

At the start of the project, design research is focused on learning about project requirements from
stakeholders, and learning about the needs and goals of the end users. Researchers will conduct
interviews, collect surveys, observe prospects or current users, and review existing literature, data,
or analytics.

What are the principles of research design?

The basic principles of experimental design are (i) Randomization, (ii) Replication, and (iii) Local
Control.

Why is research design important?

A well-planned research design helps ensure that your methods match your research aims, that you
collect high-quality data, and that you use the right kind of analysis to answer your questions,
utilizing credible sources. This allows you to draw valid, trustworthy conclusions.

What are the important concepts of research design?

The features and concepts of research design, including clarity and specificity, flexibility, feasibility,
and ethical considerations, as well as research methodology, data collection methods, data analysis
techniques, sampling, and validity and reliability, are significant in ensuring that the research is
conducted
THREE MAIN TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN

There are three main types of research design: descriptive, correlational, and experimental.
Descriptive research design is used to observe and describe a phenomenon, usually with survey
methods. Correlational research design is used to determine relationships between two or more
variables. Experimental research design is used to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect
relationships.

-Data collection

-Measurement

-Analysis

You can further breakdown the types of research design into 5 categories:

• Descriptive Research Design – In a descriptive design, a researcher I’d a solely interested in

describing the situation or case under their research study. It is a theory-based design method which
is created by gathering, analyzing, and presenting collected data. This allows a researcher to provide
insights into why and how of research. Descriptive design helps others better understand the need
for the research. If the problem statement is not clear, you can conduct exploratory research.

• Experimental Research Design – Establishes a relationship between the cause and effect of a
situation. It is casual design where one observes the impact caused by the independent variable on
the dependent variable. For example, one monitors the influence of an independent variable such as
price on a dependent variable such as customer satisfaction or brand loyalty. It is a highly practical
research design method as it contributes to solving a problem at hand. The independent variables
are manipulated to monitor the change it has on the dependent variable. It is often used in social
sciences to observe human behavior by analyzing two groups. Researchers can have participants
change their actions and study how the people around them react to gain a better understanding of
social psychology.

• Correlational Research Design – It is a non-experimental research design technique that helps

researchers establish a relationship between two closely connected variables. This type of research
requires two different group. There is no assumption while evaluating a relationship between two
different variables, and statistical analysis techniques calculate the relationship between them.

• Diagnostic Research Design – In Diagnostic Design, the researcher is looking to evaluate the
underlying cause of a specific topic or phenomenon. This method helps one learn more about the
factors that create troublesome situations.

This design had three parts of the research:

— Inception of the issue

— Diagnosis of the issue
— Solution for the issue

• Explanatory Research Design – This uses a researcher’s ideas and thoughts on a subject to further
explore their theories. The research explains unexplored aspects of a subject and details about what,
how, and why if research questions.

THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH DESIGN:

1. Accurate purpose statement

 2. Techniques to be implemented for collecting and analyzing research
3. The method applied for analyzing collected details
4. Type of research methodology
5. Probable objections for research
6. Setting for the research study
7. Timeline
8. Measurement of analysis

Proper research design sets your study up for success. Successful research studies provide insights
that are accurate and unbiased. You’ll need to create a survey that meets all the characteristics of a
design. There are four key characteristics of research design:

1. Neutrality: When you set up your study, you may have to make assumptions about the data
you expect to collect. The results projected in the research design should be free from biad
and neutral. Understand opinions about the final evaluated scores and conclusion from
multiple individuals and consider those who agree with the derived results
2. Reliability: With regularly conducted research, the researcher involved expects similar
results every time. Your design should indicate how to firm research questions to ensure the
standard of results. You’ll only be able to reach the expected results if your design is reliable.
3. Validity: There are multiple measuring tools available. However, the only correct measuring
tools are those which help a researcher in gauging results according to the objective of the
rese6. The questionnaire developed from this design will then be valid.
4. Generalization: The outcome if your design should apply to a population and not just a
restricted sample. A generalized design implies that your survey can be conducted on any
part of population with similar accuracy.

The above factors affect the way respondents answer the research questions and so all the above
characteristics should be balanced in a good design.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

• Qualitative research determines relationship between collected data and observation based on
mathematical calculation

TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN BASED ON SIR LARRY (HAYNAKO)

Phenomenology: Phenomenology is a type of research design that focuses on the study of human
experience and individual perspectives. It seeks to understand the meaning of experiences as they
are lived and perceived by the individual. It usually involves semi-structured interviews and focuses
on the individual’s unique experiences.

Grounded Theory: Grounded theory is a type of research design that emphasizes the development
of a theoretical understanding of a phenomenon based on data collection and analysis. It involves
collecting data from various sources, coding the data, and looking for patterns and themes to
develop a theory that explains the phenomenon.
Ethnography: Ethnography is a type of research design that examines a culture, society, or
community by observing and interviewing its members. It is a method of understanding people by
studying their behavior within their specific environment.

Historical: Historical research design is a type of research design that uses past events to draw
conclusions about the present. It typically involves collecting archival records, analyzing documents,
and interpreting the results to gain an understanding of the past.

Case Study: Case study is a type of research design that focuses on a single person, group, or event.
It is used to understand the dynamics of a particular situation, event, or individual. It involves
collecting data, analyzing the information, and drawing conclusions from the analysis.

Here are some of the elements of a good research design:

Purpose statement.

Data collection methods.

Techniques of data analysis.

Types of research methodologies.

Challenges of the research.

Prerequisites required for study.

Duration of the research study.

Measurement of analysis.

How to design your research in 6 simple steps?

Step 1: Reflect on your hypothesis. …

Step 2: Decide on research approach. …

Step 3: Select the type of research design. …

Step 4: Define your population and sampling method. …

Step 5: Select data collection method. …

Step 6: Design your data collection process.