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Why hexagonal ? I suggest that 6 is the minimum number of fractures required to circumscribe an
initially circular planform of the initial transient impact cavity. This could be done by continuing to
increase the height until the width of the crater did not continue to get wider. Thus only the
coefficients change from crater to crater, allowing the creation of a vast and highly precise database
of lunar crater shapes. I should have taken readings from 0cm up to 20cm in 5cm intervals and I
should have also taken more readings maybe up to as high as 1 meter. Carr Earth Science.
Geosphere, Plate Tectonic Notes Earth Science. The length of the lines, and the angle between them,
represents a cone in three dimensions. Once again I have decided to join up all the data with a dark
blue colour, making it clear to me how positive and strong this correlation is. What is the difference
between a “spot” market versus a “futures” market. This was because the higher the object was
dropped from the more gravitational potential energy the object gathered, increasing the speed of the
ball, concluding the ball had more of an impact on the surface, creating a bigger crater as the
gravitational energy was transferred as kinetic energy to the sand. On the back of this chart draw the
craters you made on your simulated planetary. I am going to do this by dropping a ball bearing with
a mass of 63.7g, from varying heights into a tub of sand and then measuring the width of the crater it
made. I obtained accurate and reliable results, which enabled me to create revealing graphs. The
earth and its surroundings are full of mysteries. Earth's surface and erase all but the most recent
impacts. Investigate a factor that might affect the size of a crater made by a falli. I think this
happened because at the top of the stand the gravitational energy was higher. The sand was very
good at stopping balls dropped vertically or from a steep angle, but the retardation of balls at a
shallow angle was much less. It seems kind of random to me but very close in value. Meteor Crater is
one of the youngest and best-preserved impact craters on Earth. Rather, it seems to represent
something intermediate between the shapes of Tycho and Copernicus. Peak Ring Basins - A large
impact basin featuring a ring of massifs (mountains) on the. Always use eye protection (safety
glasses). Students. Aronson, Billy. Meteors: The Truth Behind Shooting Stars (First Book).
Magnitude of odd-numbered coefficients (C1and C3 for example) indicate asymmetry in topography
- Linne is more symmetric. The clamp stand and depth of crater produced should be measured
accurately to obtain correct results. The depth once again has not been affected by the velocity of the
ball, so this is encouraging. In real impacts the impacting object is destroyed or broken up. Which
VMware product is used to create desktop security or secure Virtual Machines. Bell Work Set up
AHA Connections pages on pgs. 22-23 of your notebook. That might be more fun and closer
approximation of meteors than than dropping balls. (Might want to bring your safety goggles), and
maybe check with local laws on that kind of action too.
These rocks have been uplifted and in some cases overturned at the crater's raised. What affects the
size of craters formed by falling objects? The geologic time scale is a record of Earth’s history that
shows events, time units and ages. 2. It is subdivided into smaller units based on: 1. I am going to
use the same ball bearing and the same depth of sand throughout in order to make this a controlled,
fair test. Comparative study of the shapes of lunar craters helps scientists understand how the surface
evolves with time. In order not to let this affect my final test I will not measure it to 1.d.p. but rather
to 1 significant figure. Also when. Also with more averages, it would make it far more accurate, thus
giving me a more reliable conclusion and graphs. It has shattered and been distributed with the
ejecta. That might be more fun and closer approximation of meteors than than dropping balls. (Might
want to bring your safety goggles), and maybe check with local laws on that kind of action too.
LROC images and elevation profiles (elevation values along a line drawn through the crater)
emphasize the differences in their shapes. Fracture mechanics can be very complicated, but it can be
understood - if you’ll allow me to simplify. Complex Craters - Larger craters with more complicated
morphology. If I were to drop it with my hand using the naked eye, this would make my results
unreliable. It only appears to be affected by the entry angle, which determines the vertical
component of the velocity. North is toward the top of this picture, which is illuminated from sunlight
coming. I also had to be careful with the dropping of the marble. To investigate the height dropped
from a crater and the affect in the size. Using a compass would not cause disturbance in the sand but
a ruler might, this is why it is a more accurate way of measuring the diameter. I have chosen to use a
marble because it is perfectly rounded without any jagged edges, which will make the almost perfect
semi-sphere for a crater. Multi-ring Basins - A very large impact basin surrounded by as many as 5 or
6 circular. The complication is this: the simple fact of the crack opening and propagating along its
length to its tips induces new stresses at the tips themselves. Possibly a rake or a large flat object
could have been used to level the sand and break up any clumps. The marble will be dropped from
various heights to cause a crater. The vertical height above the landing tray was kept constant so the
GPE of the ball ( mgh ) remained the same. Prepared by Iggy Isiorho for Dr. Isiorho Time and
Geology. Although I have encountered a few problems in this experiment I still believe that my data
is reliable, but in order to achieve more reliable results I could carry out the experiment again but also
improving it using what I mentioned. Investigate how mass affects the diameter of an impact crater.
NO DATE Record the following question in the light bulb. This is to be expected, as the ball will
have some horizontal speed from the release ramp. This effort has given me a very accurate
conclusion and reliable graphs and results, which corresponded greatly to my hypothesis and the
science behind the experiment.
If I didn’t use the ruler, I would be judging the height from eye, and this could change the results
completely. This meter stand is metal and tall enough to hold a meter ruler; it also has a claw
extended from its body to hold the ruler. To investigate the height dropped from a crater and the
affect in the size. Multi-ring Basins - A very large impact basin surrounded by as many as 5 or 6
circular. Moon lacks water, an atmosphere, and plate tectonics, three forces that act to erode the. I
have not found any anomalous readings and this shows that the results collected were accurate
enough. This increase in speed will cause the ball to hit the ground harder. Ejecta - Material thrown
out of the crater area during an impact event, or a blanket of. However, on the whole, I believe that I
done everything to a precise degree of accuracy and to my best ability. Students plan and investigate
then review their experiment. Features footage of meteors and interviews with experts discussing the
possible effects of a large object. And how can we quantify and compare the topography of a large
number of craters (or perhaps even some day all lunar craters). Sprinkle cinnamon over the flour to
make an even coat of brown over the flour. Mark well the various kinds of minerals, note their
properties and their mode of origin. (Petrus Severinus, 1571). Reddy, Frank and Greg Walz-
Chojnacki, Isaac Asimov. Each mass was dropped 5 times and an average taken for the crater
diameter and depth (to the nearest millimetre). We can see this because on the graph, as the height
goes up so does the width of the crater. Using a ruler I flattened the sand until it was smooth and
level. Investigate a factor that might affect the size of a crater made by a falli. They are thought to be
huge lava flows that spread over an area after most of the craters have already been formed. I think
they’re also absent from the north and west sides, but the illumination isn’t definitive in this image.
Central pits - A depression found in the central area of the floor of a crater possibly. I am going to do
this by dropping a ball bearing with a mass of 63.7g, from varying heights into a tub of sand and
then measuring the width of the crater it made. Compare the craters made to real crater images from
the solar system. Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection Intuition behind Monte Carlo Markov Chains
Intuition behind Monte Carlo Markov Chains Tushar Tank 2023 MAP Data Analysis - St. One thing
I can predict with my graph is that there is a limit to how big the crater can become this is clear from
the graph because on both graphs there is a slight curve near to the end which I predict that will level
off at some point due to the fact the it will not be able to gain anymore speed at some point
onwards. Short of painstakingly finding identically sized balls of exact masses, the best option was
to cut a table tennis ball in half. Messengers From Outer Space: Part 1, Menace from the Sky; Part 2,
Witnesses from. Callipers could be used to measure the width of the crater whereas better technology
could be used to drop the ball. These can be divided into two main types: simple and complex.
As a result it is not surprising that the topography of most lunar craters can be mathematically
approximated with only 17 Chebyshev coefficients. Look at the crater rim - and separate the base of
the collapsed terraces and landslides from the outer rim scarps. This may have meant that the full
extent of the crater was not shown. The higher you drop the marble the bigger the diameter of the
crater will be. Again the drop height was kept constant at 35cm and the balls were dropped 3 times.
The order of approximation indicates the maximum number of components that are used. Nguyen
Thanh Tu Collection Intuition behind Monte Carlo Markov Chains Intuition behind Monte Carlo
Markov Chains Tushar Tank 2023 MAP Data Analysis - St. But this would mean using new sand
every time as I would not be sure as to how much water remained in the sand after each experiment
due to evaporation etc. This type of ejecta morphology is characteristic of many. The same marble
should be used for each reading three times so I can take an average, this way it will not affect the
experiment if I get an odd result. Shapes for only the first 9 (and 33rd) Chebyshev polynomials are
shown. Because of the low velocity of the marbles compared with the velocity of real impactors.
However when dropping the marble I did not measure the volume manually. The measurements of
the tin are roughly 7x4 centre metres large. Notes Mediterranean Sea Salt Layer Why doesn’t it
dissolve. I have chosen to vary the height of the marble being dropper from. Rather, it seems to
represent something intermediate between the shapes of Tycho and Copernicus. With that caveat, I
would guess the factor of 1.3 is the ratio of the rim diameter to the excavation diameter. The
difference being that in the case of Tycho, the terraces result from an orderly collapse of the bedrock
that formed the original inner wall of the rim as it slid into the initial impact cavity. To extend the
experiment, you could try it with marbles of different size and shape. These will be the smallest
height I intend to drop the ball bearing from and the greatest height I intend to drop it from. That
might be more fun and closer approximation of meteors than than dropping balls. (Might want to
bring your safety goggles), and maybe check with local laws on that kind of action too. I think it
would be worth making a contraption for realises the ball to ensure no pressure is inflicted on the ball
when dropped. Air resistance is also a problem; this is the force of friction on the marble when it
moves through the air. For instance if the sand I was dropping the marble into had already been
disturbed, my results would be different to what they should have been, therefore giving me an
inaccurate datum. This was because as it had more potential energy it penetrated deeper and deeper
into the sand throwing out more sand; however the deeper the ball went into the sand the more
compacted the sand became. This will make my results all the more reliable and accurate. On the
Earth impact craters are harder to recognize. However this still leaves the question of those early
angles, why aren’t they following any kind of trend. After I had dropped the marble and took my
results, I had to shake the tin, until the sand was flat (in my eye).
Therefore I could have instead of simply levelling the sand after every experiment I could have
emptied it out and then replaced it in the tray meaning that it would not have been compressed by the
balls previously dropped on the sand. Messengers From Outer Space: Part 1, Menace from the Sky;
Part 2, Witnesses from. The same marble should be used for each reading three times so I can take an
average, this way it will not affect the experiment if I get an odd result. Eventually, this effort might
help scientists estimate the age of a single crater based simply on its topography. This is very
important because the marble could be dropped from two different heights and still travel at the same
speed, causing the same depth of crater in the sand. However if you were to drop the marble from a
high distance, the gravitational potential energy is much higher, as it has more time to build up this
energy, which gives you a bigger crater and more kinetic energy. Once the marble is released kinetic
energy will take effect on the marble. Tectonic forces Forces generated inside the earth are called
tectonic forces. The earth and its surroundings are full of mysteries. What is the difference between a
“spot” market versus a “futures” market. I thought that if a graph of distance across the crater against
height the ball was dropped from would produce a graph with a straight line meaning that they were
proportional. The higher the drop height, the greater the velocity of the. The mound produced will be
bigger as the height increases. This was because as it had more potential energy it penetrated deeper
and deeper into the sand throwing out more sand; however the deeper the ball went into the sand the
more compacted the sand became. Sending a shock through the sand and pushing the sand out
around the hole produced. You expressly agree that the use of this website and any of the
information, apparatus, methods, science activities and related information, or products described or
provided herein is at your sole risk. I am going to use the same ball bearing and the same depth of
sand throughout in order to make this a controlled, fair test. For instance if the sand I was dropping
the marble into had already been disturbed, my results would be different to what they should have
been, therefore giving me an inaccurate datum. There are Four forces that are involved in this
experiment; gravity and air resistance are the main two which both affect the marble when it is being
dropped, the other two forces are produced when the marble collides with the tin of sand are on is
much smaller scale than the other two but there is still amount of it created on impact which is
kinetic energy. Thus only the coefficients change from crater to crater, allowing the creation of a vast
and highly precise database of lunar crater shapes. Complex Craters - Larger craters with more
complicated morphology. I then took the average from the repeated results. Full lesson plans with
starters, plenaries and worksheets included. I can also change the height of the claw and the
tightness of the claw. Although I have encountered a few problems in this experiment I still believe
that my data is reliable, but in order to achieve more reliable results I could carry out the experiment
again but also improving it using what I mentioned. I very carefully removed the ball from the crater
every time, without affecting the size of the diameter. To predict this I had to assume that width
across the crater was proportional to depth because if a graph of depth versus height dropped from
was plotted a straight line should have been produced. Investigate a factor that might affect the size
of a crater made by a falli. Using a compass would not cause disturbance in the sand but a ruler
might, this is why it is a more accurate way of measuring the diameter. Also any slight mistake in
using the compass could have changed my measurements, thus giving me these inaccuracies.
The results for this relationship are not sound enough for a conclusion to be made. As more DTMs
become available, more craters can be compared. It is protected by an overlying layer of silt and clay
that doesn’t let the seawater contact the salt. I think that this key observation may provide the
principal clue to understanding polygonal crater outlines. This investigation could be improved by
doing more than one attempt to find a larger range of results. There were a few which were not
accurate and this was probably due to the ball being dropped with force or at an angle. The scarps
are big, whereas the fracturing within the landslide material occurred at a much smaller scale. Or if
the impact generates enough heat, the impactor melts or vapourizes. 3. Either through eye-ballng the
difference in patterns, or by graphing data collected, the size of the crater and the average ray length
increases with impact speed. (See graph of data - it is messy, but a line of best fit shows the trend.)
Show students an image of real craters and ask if theirs looked similar e.g. on Mercury: and on the
Moon. Granowsky, Alvin. The Dinosaurs' Last Days (World of Dinosaurs Series). Steck-. The higher
the drop height, the greater the velocity of the. The object of science is to solve those mysteries and
help human-kind. Features footage of meteors and interviews with experts discussing the possible
effects of a large object. So here’s a take home message: small impact craters only need 4 straight
scarps in order to successfully collapse by long fracture propagation, whereas larger impact craters
require 6. With this new large dataset and analytical technique, we can gain an improved
understanding of the range of crater shapes, how craters degrade over time, the relative ages of
craters, and perhaps even absolute ages. Therefore I cannot prove with this experiment that
gravitational potential energy is equal to work done because the force is different. This resource
hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this
resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. This
impact happened 65 million years ago creating the Chicxulub crater. I want to draw your attention
here to the very obvious scarps on the south side of the outer crater rim, and their absence on the
well illuminated east side. Tectonic forces are expressed in terms of Stress and the resulting Strain.
What literary device does the author use to describe Johnny’s muggings. Cover the sprinkler nozzle
with tape and poke out 10-12 holes. The clamp stand and depth of crater produced should be
measured accurately to obtain correct results. Fracture mechanics can be very complicated, but it can
be understood - if you’ll allow me to simplify. What are the four (4) basic markets for financial assets
(securities)? Q3. They are thought to be huge lava flows that spread over an area after most of the
craters have already been formed. The output variable (what I will measure) will be the size of the
crater produced. Experiments meant to simulate real impacts use high velocity pneumatic cannons to
fire the balls at supersonic speeds. This was because the higher the object was dropped from the more
gravitational potential energy the object gathered, increasing the speed of the ball, concluding the
ball had more of an impact on the surface, creating a bigger crater as the gravitational energy was
transferred as kinetic energy to the sand. This meant that the entry speed of the ball would be the
same at each angle. Investigate how impact speed and direction affects crater size and shape.
Students plan and investigate then review their experiment. The sand was very good at stopping
balls dropped vertically or from a steep angle, but the retardation of balls at a shallow angle was
much less. Time-Honored Wisdom: African Teachings for VUCA Leaders Time-Honored Wisdom:
African Teachings for VUCA Leaders Narrative Exploration of New Categories at Mondelez
Narrative Exploration of New Categories at Mondelez Uncovering Consumers’ Hidden Narratives
Uncovering Consumers’ Hidden Narratives Caldecott Medal Book Winners and Media Used
Caldecott Medal Book Winners and Media Used 50 D. Possibly a rake or a large flat object could
have been used to level the sand and break up any clumps. The number of craters made by the water
droplets will be greatly. Circular feature Layers bent upward 02.13.a1 Notes Possible explanations:(1)
rising salt, (2) rising magma, and (3) meteoroid impact 02.13.b2 List at least one prediction that
follows from each explanation What types of information would you like to know to further
constrain the origin of the dome. The results I got was not satisfying at all as it's got no correlation to
the other data I have. Firstly the material which was to be dropped into needed to be decided upon.
Once again I have decided to join up all the data with a dark blue colour, making it clear to me how
positive and strong this correlation is. Binoculars on a tripod provide a spectacular view of lunar
craters. I then took the average from the repeated results. What causes... Notes Can you name any
earth mysteries. The “bulls-eye” pattern appears to be a 140-kilometer- (86-mile)-wide impact scar.
Does the height of a crater affect the diameter of the crater produced? The minority of results that
didn’t fit the trend my have been due to. Notes Mediterranean Sea Salt Layer How did it form.
These can be divided into two main types: simple and complex. As the sand is pushed down it has
nowhere else to go but out, this means the diameter of the crater increases. Look at the crater rim -
and separate the base of the collapsed terraces and landslides from the outer rim scarps. Terminal
velocity is the steady speed reached by the marble when its weight is balanced by friction. Dr. NN
Chavan Keynote address on ADNEXAL MASS- APPROACH TO MANAGEMENT in the. Offers
images and computer simulations and explores mans fascination with meteors in the past and his. Just
about all craters have deep central depressions, raised. The situation mid-way along the length of the
crack is pretty simple; a tensile (pulling apart) stress (red) acts to open the crack. What is the
difference between a “spot” market versus a “futures” market. But if the growing crack tries to bend,
different stress fields will be induced at the crack tips, which may make it harder for the crack to
grow longer. What are philosophers in art interested in?. 4. Define good design. I have chosen to use
a marble because it is perfectly rounded without any jagged edges, which will make the almost
perfect semi-sphere for a crater. Do not press the surface down - allow it to settle with its own
weight. This resource hasn't been reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers
who have purchased this resource can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our
terms and conditions.