CBSE SAMPLE PAPER FOR CLASS-12

CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY SAMPLE PAPER-1

SET - 1

All India

Time allotted : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 70

Series VSM Code No. 56/1

General Instructions
(i) All questions are compulsory.

(ii) Marks for each question are indicated against it.

(iii) Question numbers 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions, carrying 1 mark each. Answer
these in one word or about one sentence each.

(iv) Question numbers 6 to 12 are short answer type questions, carrying 2 marks each. Answer these
in about 30 words each.

(v) Question numbers 13 to 24 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each. Answer
these in about 40 words each.

(vi) Question numbers 25 to 27 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each. Answer these
in about 70 words each.

(vii) Use Log Tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not permitted.

1. How many atoms can be assigned to its unit cell if an element forms .

(i) a body centred cubic cell, and (ii) a face centred cubic cell?

Sol. Effective number of atoms in a body centred cubic cell = 2

Effective number of atoms in a face centred cubic = 4

2. What would be the value of Vant Hoff factor for a dilute solution of K2SO4 in water?

Sol. 3

3. Express the relation between the half-life period of a reactant and its initial concentration for a
reaction of nth order.

Sol. The relation between half-life period and initial concentration of reactant for nth
order reaction is
2 n -1 - 1
t1/2 =
(n - 1)[A]0n -1 K n

4. Mention a chemical property in which methanoic acid differs from acetic acid.

Sol. Methanoic acid gives silver mirror test while acetic acid does not.

HCOOH + AgNO3 + NH4OH ¾

¾® CO2 + H2O + NH4NO3 + Ag¯

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5. How is the basic strength of aromatic amines affected by the presence of an electron releasing
group on the benzene ring?

Sol. Basic strength increases

6. State the de Broglie relationship. How do de Broglie waves of a moving particle differ from
electromagnetic waves?

OR

Show that the uncertainty principle is of little significance for an object of mass 10-3 g.

(h/4p = 0.527 ´ 10-34 m2s-1)

h
Sol. l=
mV

de Broglie waves of a moving particle differ from electromagnetic waves as follows.

de Broglie wave Electromagnetic wave

1. The speed of the matter wave 1. These waves travel with the speed of light.
(de Broglie) depends upon mass of the
particles.

2. These waves have no electrical and 2. These wave are associated with electrical
magnetic fields. and magnetic fields.

OR

We know that according to Heisenberg uncertainty principle

h
Dx.Dp ³
4p

0.527 ´ 10 -34
\ Dx.DV ³
m

0.527 ´ 10 -34
\ Dx.DV ³
10 -6

or Dx.DV ³ 5.27 ´ 10-29 m2 s-1

Since the value of Dx.DV is extremely small so for such a small particle uncertainty in measuring
this conjugate properties is not significant.

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7. Predict the product of electrolysis obtained at the electrodes in each case when the electrodes
used are of platinum:

(i) An aqueous solution of AgNO3.

(ii) An aqueous solution of H2SO4.

Sol. (i) AgNO3 ¾® Ag + (aq) + NO 3- (aq)

¾

H2O ¾
¾® H+(aq) + OH–(aq)
+ -
at cathode : Ag (aq ) + e ® Ag(s)

1
at anode : 2OH–(aq) ¾
¾® O 2 (g ) + H 2 O + 2e -
2

(ii)H2SO4 ¾® 2H + (aq) + SO 24- (aq)

¾

H2O ¾® H + (aq) + OH - (aq)

¾

+ - 1
at cathode : H (aq ) + e ® H 2 (g )
2

- 1
at anode : 2OH (aq) ¾
¾® O 2 (g ) + H 2 O + 2e -
2

8. Sate the basic reason for each of the following statements:

(a) InCl undergoes disproportionation reaction but TlCl does not.

(b)AlCl3 acts a Lewis acid.

Sol. (a)InCl disproportionates to form In and InCl3 as illustrated by equation

3InCl ¾
¾® 2In + InCl3

But TlCl does not show disproportionation to form Tl and TlCl3 because of the greater
stability of its (+1) oxidation state due to inert pair effect.

(b) AlCl3 is electron deficient and can accept an electron pair from a donor molecule hence
acts as Lewis acid.

9. Write chemical equations for the following reactions:

(i)Ca3(PO4)2 + SiO2 + C ¾
¾®

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 (ii)XeF6 + 3H2O ¾
¾®

Sol. (i)2Ca3(PO4)2 + 6SiO2 + 10C ¾

¾® P4 + 6CaSiO3 + 10CO

(ii)XeF6 + H2O ¾
¾® XeO3 + 6HF

10. Identify and mark the presence of centres of chirality, if any, in the following molecules.

Mention the number of stereoisomers possible in each case.

(i) H3C-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
OH OH

(ii)

CN

Sol.

* *
(i) H3C-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
OH OH

* represent centre of chirality

number of stereo isomers = 3.

(ii)

* * CN

* represent centre of chirality

number of stereo isomers = 4.

11. Explain how an OH group attached to a carbon in the benzene ring activates benzene towards
electrophilic substitution.

Sol.

5
 O-H O-H O-H O-H O-H

due to electron releasing effect of OH group electron density on benzene nucleus increases and
it becomes activated towards electrophilic substitution.

12. How are polymers classified on the basis of forces operating between their molecules? To which
of these classes does nylon-66 belong?

Sol. Polymers are classified into the four categories on the basis of the magnitude of intermolecular
forces present in them. These are

(i) Elastomers(ii) Fibres

(iii) Thermoplastics(iv) Thermosetting

Nylone–66 belong to fibre category.

13.(a) Use the LCAO method for the formation of molecular orbital in case of homonuclear diatomic
hydrogen molecule.

(b) Which of the following has higher bond dissociation energy and why?

(i) N2+ or(ii) O2+

OR

What kinds of molecular forces exist between the species in the following pairs of particles and
why?

(i) He and N2

-
(ii) Cl2 and NO 3

(iii) NH3 and CO

Sol.(a) Let us consider the two atoms of hydrogen in the molecule as A and B. These atomic orbital may
be represented by the wave functions yA and yB. According to LCAO method, the molecular
orbitals in the H2 molecule are given by linear combination (addition or subtraction of wave
functions of the individual atoms) of yA and yB.

yBonding molecular orbitls = yA + yB

yantibonding molecular orbital = yA – yB.

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 1
(b) Bond dissociation energy µ
Bond dis tan ce

O2+ has higher bond dissociation energy because O–O bond distance in O2+ is less than N–N
bond distance in N2+.

OR
(i) He and N2: London forces

(ii) Cl2 and NO 3- : Non dipole-dipole forces

(iii) NH3 and CO2: Dipole-non dipole forces

14. Aluminium metal forms a cubic closed-packed crystal structure. Its atomic radius is
125 ´ 10-12 m.

(a) What is the length of the edge of the unit cell.

(b) How many such unit cells are there in 1.00 m3 piece of aluminium?

Sol. (a) For CCP crystal structure

4r = 2a (where a = the length of the side of the unit cell)

4 ´ 125 ´ 10-12 = 2a

4 ´ 125 ´ 10 -12 5 ´ 10 -10

a= = = 3.54 ´ 10-10 m
2 2

(b) Volume of single unit cell,

a3 = (3.54 ´ 10-10)3 = 4.4362 ´ 10-29 m3

1
Number of unit cells in 1 m3 of aluminium = = 2.254 ´ 1028 unit cells.
4.4362 ´ 10 - 29

15. State Henry's law for solubility of a gas in a liquid. Explain the significance of Henry's law
constant (KH). At the same temperature Hydrogen is more soluble in water than Helium. Which
of them will have a higher value of KH and why?

Sol. Henry’s law states that the solubility of a gas at given temperature is directly
proportional to the pressure at which it is dissolved.
P µ x(x = mole fraction of gas)

P = KHx

Significance of Henry law constant

(i) The KH value of a gas increase with the increase in temperature.

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 (ii) A gas having lower value of KH has higher solubility.

1
KH µ
Solubility of a gas in solvent at the given temperature

So, KH value of hydrogen is less than helium.

16. The activation energy of a reaction is 75.2 kJ mol-1 in the absence of a catalyst and 50.14 kJ
mole-1 with a catalyst. How many times will the rate of reaction grow in the presence of the
catalyst if the reaction proceeds at 25 oC. (R = 8.314 JK-1mole-1)

Sol. In presence of catalyst, K1 = Ae - Ea1 / RT

and in absence of catalyst, K2 = Ae - Ea 2 / RT

where E a1 = 50.14 kJ mol-1; E a 2 = 75.2 kJ mol-1

K1 ( Ea - E ) RT
\ = e 2 a1
K2

-3
= e ( 75.2-50.14 ) / 8.314´10 ´298

K1
\ = 2.47 ´ 104
K2

Rate of the reaction in the presence of catalyst becomes 2.47 ´ 104 times of the rate of reaction
in the absence of catalyst.

17. How do size of particles of adsorbent, pressure of gas and prevailing temperature influence the
extent of adsorption of a gas on a solid?

Sol. (i) Smaller the size of the particles of adsorbent, more will be the specific area available for
adsorption per gram of the adsorbent and greater will be the adsorption.

(ii) With the increase in pressure of the gas above the solid, the extent of adsorption increases.

(iii) Adsorption processes are generally exothermic in nature and therefore, adsorption decreases
with increasing temperature.

18.(a) Write the structural formula of Hex-2-en-4-ynoic acid.

(b) To illustrate the following reactions write one chemical equation for each.

(i) Cross aldol condensation.

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 (ii) Hoffmann bromamide reaction.

Sol. (a) CH3 - C º C - CH = CH - COOH

-
D
(b) (i) CH3CHO + PhCHO ¾OH
¾¾® PhCH(OH)-CH2CHO ¾
¾® Ph - CH = CH - CHO

(ii) RCONH2 + Br2 + 4KOH ¾

¾® RNH2 + K2CO3 + 2KBr + 2H2O

19. Write the chemical reaction equation stating the reaction conditions required for each of the
following conversions.

(i) Methyl bromide to ethyl amine

(ii) Aniline to phenol

(iii) p-toluidine to 2-bromo-4-methylaniline

Sol. (i) CH3Br ¾KCN

¾¾® CH3CN ¾LiAlH
¾¾4 ® CH3CH2NH2

NH2 N +2 Cl - OH

(ii) ¾NaNO
¾¾ ¾
¾®
2 / HCl
¾H¾
¾
2O
®
0 -5° C Steam

NH2 NH - COCH3 NH - COCH3 NH2

Br +
Br
(iii) ¾CH
¾3COCl
¾
¾® ¾¾®
Br2
¾H¾¾®
3O
Fe

CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3

20. (a) Write the corresponding chemical reaction equation to show that

(i) PbO2 can act as an oxidizing agent.

(ii) all the bonding in a molecule of PCl5 are not equivalent.

(b) Write the structural formula of XeF2 and IF3.

Sol. (a) (i) 2Mn(NO3)2 + 5PbO2 + 6HNO3 ¾

¾® 2HMnO4 + 5Pb(NO3)2 + 2H2O

(ii) PCl5 PCl3 + Cl2

(b) XeF2: sp3d, linear

9
 F

Xe

10
 IF3: sp3d, T-Shape

I F

21. Draw a sketch to show the splitting of d-orbitals in an octahedral crystal field. State clearly how
the actual configuration in split d orbitals in an octahedral crystal field is decided by the
magnitudes of Do and P values.

Sol.

d x 2 -y2 , d z2
eg

Energy Do
Average energy of
the d-orbitals in
spherical crystal field t2g
d-orbitals in
d xy , d yz , d xy
free ion
Splitting of d-orbitals in
an octahedral crystal
field
If Do is large, electrons in the d-orbitals will pair up.

Pairing will take place only if the energy gained by the splitting is greater than the pairing energy
P. They will remain unpaired if Do is small. For example in d6

6 o
d6, t 2 g .e g if Do > P(low spin complex)

4 2
d6, t 2 g .e g if Do < P(high spin complex)

22. The E° values corresponding to the following two reduction electrode processes are:

+
(i) Cu | Cu = +0.52 V

2+
(ii) Cu | Cu + = +0.16 V

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 Formulate the galvanic cell for their combination. What will be the standard cell potential for it?
Calculate DrG° for the cell reaction. (F = 96500 C mol-1)

Sol. Cu+ / Cu electrode acts as cathode

Cu2+ / Cu+ electrode acts as anode
Pt(s) | Cu+(aq), Cu2+(aq) || Cu+(aq) | Cu(s)
E ocell = (-0.16 + 0.52) = 0.36V
Cell reaction is
2Cu+ ¾ ¾® Cu2+ + Cu
DG° = -nFE°
= -1 ´ 96500 ´ 0.36
= -34740 J mol-1
= -34.74 kJ mol-1

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23. The radioactive isotope 27 Co , can be made by an (n, p) or an (n, g) nuclear reaction. State the
60
appropriate target nucleus for each reaction. If the half-life of 27 Co is 7 years, how long will it
take for complete annihilation and why?

60
Sol.
60
28 Ni + 10 n ¾
¾® 27 Co + 11 P

60
59
27 Co + 10 n ¾
¾® 27 Co + g

Since nuclear reaction is of first order. So, it will take infinite time for its complete annihilation.

24. Describe the following with an example each:

(i) Antimicrobials

(ii)Acid dyes

(ii)Antioxidants

Sol. (i) Antimicrobials

Chemical substances which are produced by micro-organisms and capable of destroying other
micro-organisms are called Antimicrobials.

For example: Penicillin, Ampicillin

(ii) Acid dyes

Azo dyes having acid groups like -SO3H, -COOH are known as acid dyes.

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 For example: Orange-I. It can be prepared by coupling of diazotized sulphonilic acid with
a-naphthol.

Na +SO 3- N=N OH

Orange-I

(iii) Antioxidants
These are the other important and necessary food additives. These compounds retard the action
of oxygen on the food and thereby help in its preservation. They also reduce the rate of
involvement of free radicals in the aging process.

e.g. Butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA).

25. (a) The standard Gibbs energy change values (DrGo) at 1773 K are given for the following reactions :

4Fe + 3O2 ¾
¾® 2Fe2O3; DrGo = -1487 kJ mol-1

4Al + 3O2 ¾
¾® 2Al2O3;DrGo = -22500 kJ mol-1

2CO + O2 ¾
¾® 2CO2;DrGo = -515 kJ mol-1

Find out the possibility of reducing Fe2O3 and Al2O3 with CO at this temperature.

(b) Comment on the following statements giving reasons.

(i) An exothermic reaction is sometimes not spontaneous.

(ii) Reaction with DrGo values less than zero always have equilibrium constant greater than one.

OR

(a) The half reactions are

(i) Fe3+ + e- ¾
¾® Fe2+ ; Eo = 0.76 V

(ii) Ag+ + e- ¾
¾® Ag;Eo = 0.80 V

Calculate KC for the following reaction at 25oC.

Ag+ + Fe2+ ¾
¾® Fe3+ + Ag

(F = 96500 C mol-1)

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 (b) Define the following terms:

(i) Isothermal and adiabatic processes.

(ii) State variable / State functions

Sol.(a) For Fe2O3

2Fe2O3 ¾
¾® 4Fe + 3O2 DrGo = +1487 kJ mol–1..(i)

6CO + 3O2 ¾
¾® 6CO2 DrGo = –1545 kJ mol–1..(ii)

Adding (i) and (ii)

2Fe2O3 + 6CO ¾
¾® 4Fe + 6CO2 DrGo = –58 kJ mol–1

DrGo is negative hence reaction is feasible.

For Al2O3

2Al2O3 ¾
¾® 4Al + 3O2 DrGo = 22500 kJ mol–1..(iii)

6CO + 3O2 ¾
¾® 6CO2 DrGo = –1545 kJ mol–1..(iv)

Adding (iii) and (iv)

2Al2O3 + 6CO ¾
¾® 4Al + 6CO2 DrGo = +20955 kJ mol–1

DrGo is positive so reduction of Al2O3 is not possible.

(b) (i) Spontaneity of a reaction is measured by DG, if DG is negative than reaction will be
spontaneous. Since,

DG = DH - TDS

Therefore, reaction having negative DH and negative DS at high temperature, provides

positive value of DG, so as an exothermic reaction becomes non-spontaneous.

(ii) If DG° is less than zero, reaction will be spontaneous and all spontaneous reactions are
accompanied with high value of K equilibrium.

OR

(a) at cathode – Ag+ + e– ¾

¾® Ag

at anode – Fe+2 ¾
¾® Fe+3 + e–

–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

Ag+ + Fe+2 ¾
¾® Fe+3 + Ag

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 the cell is Fe+2 | Fe+3 || Ag+ | Ag

2.303RT | Fe +3 |
E cell = E ocell - log
nf Ag + Fe + 2[ ][ ]
at equilibrium E = 0

2.303 ´ 8.314 ´ 298

0 = Eo - log10 K c
1´ 96500

= E ( 0
Ag + |Ag - - E O +3
Fe |Fe + 2
)- 0.0591log K c

0.04 = 0.0591 log Kc

Kc = 4.751

(b) (i) Isothermal process is the process carried out at the constant temperature

i.e., DT = 0

Adiabatic process is the process carried out with isolated system

i.e., the system does not exchange heat with surrounding.

(ii) State variables : It is a thermodynamical property which depends only on the state of the
system and is independent of the path followed to bring about the change.

e.g. change in internal energy (DE), change in enthalpy (DH). Change is entropy (DS) and change
in free energy (DG).

26. (a) Given below are the electrode potential values, Eo for some of the first row of transition elements:

Element ® V(23) Cr(24) Mn(25) Fe(26) Co(27) Ni(28) Cu(29)

EMo 2+ / M (V) = -1.13 -0.91 -1.18 -0.44 -0.28 -0.25 +0.34

Explain the irregularities in these values on the basis of electronic structures of atoms.

(b) Complete the following reaction equations

2- 2+
(i) Cr2 O 7 + Sn + H+ ¾
¾®

(ii) MnO 4- + Fe 2+ + H + ¾
¾®

OR

(a)How would you account for the following:

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 (i) Cobalt (II) is stable in aqueous solution but in the presence of complexing reagents it is easily
oxidized.

(ii)The transition elements exhibit high enthalpy of atomization.

(iii)Of the d4 species, Cr2+ is strongly reducing while Mn(III) is strongly oxidizing.

(b)Name the chief ore of copper and write the reactions involved in its extraction from that ore.

26. (a)

V+2 = [Ar]3d3 4so V = [Ar]3d34s2

Cr+2 = [Ar]3d4 Cr = [Ar]3d54s1

Mn+2 = [Ar]3d5 Mn = [Ar]3d54s2

Fe+2 = [Ar]3d6 Fe = [Ar]3d64s2

Co+2 = [Ar]3d7 Co = [Ar]3d74s2

Ni+2 = [Ar]3d8 Ni = [Ar]3d8 4s2

Cu+2 = [Ar]3d9 Cu = [Ar]3d104s1

Cr and Cu have their configuration very stable. So there is irregular variation in their reduction
potential. This trend is also due to irregular variation of ionization energy and sublimation energy
of atoms and the hydration energy of divalent ions.

(b) Balanced equations

-2 + +2
(i) Cr2 O 7 + 14H + 3Sn ¾® 2Cr +3 + 3Sn +4 + 7H 2 O
¾

-
(ii) MnO 4 + 5Fe +2 + 8H + ¾
¾® Mn +2 + 5Fe +3 + 4H 2 O

OR

(a)(i) Co (III) has lower reduction electrode potential than Co (II) hence Co (II) is oxidized to Co
(III) in presence of strong ligand and air.

(ii) The atoms of transition metals are held together by strong metallic bonds. Because of this
transition metals have high enthalpy of ionization.

(iii) The one which is easily oxidized is a strong reducing agent and the one which is easily reduced
is a strong oxidizing agent. The system Cr (II) / Cr has lower reduction potential than Mn (III)/
Mn which is strongly oxidizing.

(b) Chief ore of copper = CuFeS2 . copper pyrites

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 Cu2S copper glance

CuCO3Cu(OH)2 malachite (green)

From malachite ore

CuCO 3 .Cu (OH )2 ¾¾®

Δ
2CuO + CO 2 + H 2 O

CuO + C ¾
¾® Cu + CO

Cu 2 O + C ¾
¾® 2Cu + CO

CuO + H 2SO 4 ¾
¾® CuSO 4 + H 2 O

CuSO 4 + Fe ¾
¾® Cu + FeSO 4

27. (a) Write the chemical reactions of glucose with (i) NH2OH and (ii) (CH3CO)2O. Also draw simple
Fischer projections of D-glucose and L-glucose.

(b) Name the food sources and the deficiency diseases caused due to lack of any two of vitamins A,
C, E and K.

OR

(a) State the composition and functional differences between DNA and RNA. Describe the
mechanism of replication of DNA.

(b) Define 'mutation'

Sol. (a) (i)

CHO CH = N - OH
(CHOH)4 ¾NH
¾2¾OH
® (CHOH)4
CH2OH CH2OH
Glucose oxime

(ii)

17
 CHO
CHO
(CHOH)4 (CH CO ) O
¾¾3¾ ¾
¾
2
® (CHOOCCH3)4 + 5CH3COOH
CH2OH
CH2OOCCH3
glucopenta acetate

Fischer Projection:

CHO CHO
H OH HO H
HO H H OH
H OH HO H
H OH HO H

CH2OH CH2OH
D-Glucose L-Glucose

(b)

Vitamin Food Sources Deficiency Diseases

A Milk, butter, egg yolk, Cod Night blindness

liver oil

C Oranges, Lemons, Grapes Scurvy, Pyorrhea, Anaemia

E Cotton seed oil, Cornoil, Milk Loss of sexual power of

reproduction

K Leaf of vegetables, Fish meat Impaired clotting of blood

OR

(a) (i)DNA has deoxyribose while RNA has ribose sugar.

(ii)DNA contains thymine while RNA has uracil.

(iii) DNA has double helix whereas RNA has single helix.

(b) Mutation: It is a chemical change in the sequence of nitrogeneous bases along with DNA
strands that can lead to the synthesis of proteins with altered a-amino acid sequence.

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