Chapter 23

Wave Optics
1. A mixture of light, consisting of wavelength 590 nm intensity at the middle point of the screen in the
and an unknown wavelength, illuminates Young’s first case is I1 and in the second case is I2, then
double slit and gives rise to two overlapping I1
interference patterns on the screen. The central the ratio is [AIEEE-2011]
I2
maximum of both lights coincide. Further, it is
observed that the third bright fringe of known light (1) 0.5 (2) 4
coincides with the 4th bright fringe of the unknown (3) 2 (4) 1
light. From this data, the wavelength of the 6. Statement-1 : On viewing the clear blue portion of
unknown light is [AIEEE-2009] the sky through a Calcite Crystal, the intensity of
(1) 885.0 nm (2) 442.5 nm transmitted light varies as the crystal is rotated.

(3) 776.8 nm (4) 393.4 nm Statement-2 : The light coming from the sky is
polarized due to scattering of sunlight by particles
Directions : Question numbers 2 to 4 are based on the in the atmosphere. The scattering is largest for blue
following paragraph. light. [AIEEE-2011]
An initially parallel cylindrical beam travels in a medium (1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true;
of refractive index (I) = 0 + 2I, where 0 and 2 are statement-2 is not the correct explanation of
positive constants and I is the intensity of the light statement-1
beam. The intensity of the beam is decreasing with
(2) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true
increasing radius. [AIEEE-2010]
(3) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
2. The initial shape of the wavefront of the beam is
(4) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true;
(1) Planar (2) Convex
statement-2 is the correct explanation of
(3) Concave (4) Convex near the axis statement-1
and concave near the periphery 7. At two points P and Q on a screen in Young's
3. The speed of light in the medium is double slit experiment, waves from slits S1 and S2
(1) Maximum on the axis of the beam 
have a path difference of 0 and respectively..
4
(2) Minimum on the axis of the beam The ratio of intensities at P and Q will be
(3) The same everywhere in the beam [AIEEE-2011]
(4) Directly proportional to the intensity I (1) 4 : 1 (2) 3 : 2
4. As the beam enters the medium, it will (3) 2 : 1 (4) 2 :1
(1) Travel as a cylindrical beam
8. In Young’s double slit experiment, one of the slit is
(2) Diverge wider than other, so that the amplitude of the light
(3) Converge from one slit is double of that from other slit. If Im
be the maximum intensity, the resultant intensity
(4) Diverge near the axis and converge near the I when they interfere at phase difference  is given
periphery by [AIEEE-2012]
5. In a Young's double slit experiment, the two slits
Im  Im  
act as coherent sources of waves of equal (1) (1  2cos2 ) (2)  1  4cos2 
amplitude A and wavelength . In another 3 2 5 2
experiment with the same arrangement the two
slits are made to act as incoherent sources of Im  2  Im
(3)
9
 1  8 cos 
2
(4)  4  5cos  
waves of same amplitude and wavelength. If the 9
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9. A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I 0 is 13. Assuming human pupil to have a radius of 0.25 cm
passed through a polaroid A and then through and a comfortable viewing distance of 25 cm, the
another polaroid B which is oriented so that its minimum separation between two objects that
principal plane makes an angle of 45° relative to human eye can resolve at 500 nm wavelength is
that of A. The intensity of the emergent light is
[JEE (Main)-2015]
[JEE (Main)-2013]
(1) 1 m (2) 30 m
(1) I0 (2) I0
(3) 100 m (4) 300 m
2
I0 I0 14. The box of a pin hole camera, of length L, has a
(3) (4) hole of radius a. It is assumed that when the hole
4 8
is illuminated by a parallel beam of light of
10. Two coherent point sources S 1 and S 2 are wavelength  the spread of the spot (obtained on
separated by a small distance 'd' as shown. The the opposite wall of the camera) is the sum of its
fringes obtained on the screen will be
geometrical spread and the spread due to
[JEE (Main)-2013]
diffraction. The spot would then have its minimum
size (say bmin) when [JEE (Main)-2016]

d  2 2 
(1) a  L and bmin   
S1 S2 L 
Screen
(2) a  L and bmin  4L
D
(1) Points (2) Straight lines 2
(3) a  and bmin  4L
(3) Semi - circles (4) Concentric Circles L
11. Two beams, A and B, of plane polarized light with
mutually perpendicular planes of polarization are 2  2 2 
seen through a polaroid. From the position when (4) a  and bmin   
L L 
the beam A has maximum intensity (and beam B
has zero intensity), a rotation of polaroid through
15. An observer is moving with half the speed of light
30° makes the two beams appear equally bright. If
towards a stationary microwave source emitting
the initial intensities of the two beams are IA and
waves at frequency 10 GHz. What is the frequency
IA of the microwave measured by the observer?
IB respectively, then I equals
B (speed of light = 3 × 108 ms–1) [JEE (Main)-2017]
[JEE (Main)-2014] (1) 10.1 GHz (2) 12.1 GHz
3 (3) 17.3 GHz (4) 15.3 GHz
(1) 3 (2)
2
16. In a Young's double slit experiment, slits are
1 separated by 0.5 mm, and the screen is placed
(3) 1 (4) 150 cm away. A beam of light consisting of two
3
wavelengths, 650 nm and 520 nm, is used to
12. On a hot summer night, the refractive index of air
obtain interference fringes on the screen. The least
is smallest near the ground and increases with
height form the ground. When a light beam is distance from the common central maximum to the
directed horizontally, the Huygen's principle leads point where the bright fringes due to both the
us to conclude that as it travels, the light beam wavelengths coincide is [JEE (Main)-2017]
[JEE (Main)-2015]
(1) 1.56 mm
(1) Becomes narrower
(2) 7.8 mm
(2) Goes horizontally without any deflection
(3) Bends downwards (3) 9.75 mm

(4) Bends upwards (4) 15.6 mm

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17. Unpolarized light of intensity I passes through an 21. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the slits are
ideal polarizer A. Another identical polarizer B is placed 0.320 mm apart. Light of wavelength
placed behind A. The intensity of light beyond B is  = 500 nm is incident on the slits. The total
I number of bright fringes that are observed in the
found to be . Now another identical polarizer C angular range – 30°    30° is
2
is placed between A and B. The intensity beyond [JEE (Main)-2019]
I (1) 640 (2) 320
B is now found to be . The angle between
8
(3) 321 (4) 641
polarizer A and C is [JEE (Main)-2018]
22. In a Young’s double slit experiment with slit
(1) 0° (2) 30°
separation 0.1 mm, one observes a bright fringe at
(3) 45° (4) 60°
1
18. The angular width of the central maximum in a angle rad by using light of wavelength 1. When
40
single slit diffraction pattern is 60°. The width of the the light of wavelength 2 is used a bright fringe is
slit is 1 m. The slit is illuminated by seen at the same angle in the same set up. Given
monochromatic plane waves. If another slit of same that  1 and  2 are in visible range (380 nm to
width is made near it, Young's fringes can be 740 nm), their values are [JEE (Main)-2019]
observed on a screen placed at a distance 50 cm
from the slits. If the observed fringe width is 1 cm, (1) 380 nm, 500 nm (2) 625 nm, 500 nm
what is slit separation distance? (3) 380 nm, 525 nm (4) 400 nm, 500 nm
(i.e. distance between the centres of each slit.) 23. Consider a Young’s double slit experiment as
[JEE (Main)-2018] shown in figure. What should be the slit separation
(1) 25 m (2) 50 m d in terms wavelength  such that the first minima
occurs directly in front of the slit (S1)?
(3) 75 m (4) 100 m
[JEE (Main)-2019]
19. Consider a tank made of glass (refractive index 1.5)
with a thick bottom. It is filled with a liquid of
refractive index . A student finds that, irrespective S1 P st
of what the incident angle i (see figure) is for a 1 minima
beam of light entering the liquid, the light reflected d
from the liquid glass interface is never completely Source
polarized. For this to happen, the minimum value S2
of  is [JEE (Main)-2019]
2d Screen
i
 
(1) (2)
2  5  2 2 5  2 

 
n = 1.5 (3) (4)
5  2  5  2

24. The variation of refractive index of a crown glass thin

4 5
(1) (2) prism with wavelength of the incident light is
3 3 shown. Which of the following graphs is the correct
one, if Dm is the angle of minimum deviation?
3 5
(3) (4) [JEE (Main)-2019]
5 3
1.535
20. Two coherent sources produce waves of different n2
intensities which interfere. After interference, the 1.530
ratio of the maximum intensity to the minimum 1.525
intensity is 16. The intensity of the waves are in 1.520
the ratio: [JEE (Main)-2019]
1.515
(1) 25 : 9 (2) 4 : 1 (nm)
1.510
400 500 600 700
(3) 16 : 9 (4) 5 : 3
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 Dm 27. In an interference experiment the ratio of
a1 1
amplitudes of coherent waves is a  3 . The ratio
(1) 2

of maximum and minimum intensities of fringes

will be [JEE (Main)-2019]
(nm)
400 500 600 700
(1) 4 (2) 18
Dm
(3) 9 (4) 2
28. The figure shows a Young’s double slit experimental
(2) setup. It is observed that when a thin transparent
sheet of thickness t and refractive index  is put
(nm) in front of one of the slits, the central maximum
400 500 600 700 gets shifted by a distance equal to n fringe widths.
Dm If the wavelength of light used is , t will be
[JEE (Main)-2019]

(3)

(nm) a Screen
400 500 600 700

Dm
D

2n 2
(4) (1) (2)
( – 1) ( – 1)

(nm)
400 500 600 700 n 
(3) (4)
25. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the path ( – 1) ( – 1)
difference, at a certain point on the screen,
29. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the ratio of the
1
between two interfering waves is th of slit’s width is 4 : 1. The ratio of the intensity of
8
maxima to minima, close to the central fringe on
wavelength. The ratio of the intensity at this point
the screen, will be : [JEE (Main)-2019]
to that at the centre of a bright fringe is close to
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(1)  3  1 : 16
4
(2) 4 : 1
(1) 0.74
(2) 0.94 (3) 25 : 9 (4) 9 : 1
(3) 0.80 30. In a double slit experiment, when a thin film of
(4) 0.85 thickness t having refractive index  is introduced
26. In a double-slit experiment, green light (5303 Å) in front of one of the slits, the maximum at the
falls on a double slit having a separation of centre of the fringe pattern shifts by one fringe
19.44 m and a width of 4.05 m. The number of width. The value of t is ( is the wavelength of the
bright fringes between the first and the second light used) : [JEE (Main)-2019]
diffraction minima is [JEE (Main)-2019]
2 
(1) 05 (1) (2)
(  1) 2(  1)
(2) 09
(3) 10  
(3) (4)
(2  1) (  1)
(4) 04
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31. A system of three polarizers P1, P2, P3 is set up (1) 1.27 m (2) 2.05 m
such that the pass axis of P 3 is crossed with
(3) 2.87 nm (4) 2 nm
respect to that of P 1 . The pass axis of
P2 is inclined at 60°C to the pass axis of P 3. 36. In a Young’s double slit experiment, 16 fringes are
When a beam of unpolarized light of intensity I0 is observed in a certain segment of the screen when
incident on P1, the intensity of light transmitted by light of a wavelength 700 nm is used. If the
the three polarizers is I. The ratio (I0/I) equals wavelength of light is changed to 400 nm, the
(nearly) [JEE (Main)-2019] number of fringes observed in the same segment
of the screen would be [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 1.80 (2) 5.33
(1) 28 (2) 24
(3) 10.67 (4) 16.00
(3) 30 (4) 18
32. Visible light of wavelength 6000 × 10–8 cm falls
normally on a single slit and produces a diffraction 37. In a Young’s double slit experiment, light of
pattern. It is found that the second diffraction 500 nm is used to produce an interference pattern.
minimum is at 60° from the central maximum. If When the distance between the slits is 0.05 mm,
the first minimum is produced at 1, then 1 is the angular width (in degree) of the fringes formed
close to [JEE (Main)-2020] on the distance screen is close to

(1) 25° (2) 30° [JEE (Main)-2020]

(3) 20° (4) 45° (1) 0.17° (2) 1.7°

33. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the separation (3) 0.57° (4) 0.07°
between the slits is 0.15 mm. In the experiment, 38. Two light waves having the same wavelength  in
a source of light of wavelength 589 nm is used and vacuum are in phase initially. Then the first wave
the interference pattern is observed on a screen travels a path L1 through a medium of refractive
kept 1.5 m away. The separation between the index n1 while the second wave travels a path of
successive bright fringes on the screen is length L2 through a medium of refractive index n2.
[JEE (Main)-2020] After this the phase difference between the two
waves is [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 3.9 mm (2) 6.9 mm
(3) 5.9 mm (4) 4.9 mm 2
(1) (n2L1  n1L2 )

34. In a double-slit experiment, at a certain point on
the screen the path difference between the two 2  L1 L2 
(2)   
1   n1 n2 
interfering waves is th of a wavelength. The ratio
8
2
of the intensity of light at that point to that at the (3) (n1L1  n2L2 )

centre of a bright fringe is [JEE (Main)-2020]

(1) 0.568 (2) 0.760 2  L2 L1 

(4)   
  n1 n2 
(3) 0.853 (4) 0.672

35. Interference fringes are observed on a screen by
illuminating two thin slits 1 mm apart with a light
source ( = 632.8 nm). The distance between the
screen and the slits is 100 cm. If a bright fringe is
observed on a screen at a distance of 1.27 mm
from the central bright fringe, then the path
difference between the waves, which are reaching
this point from the slits is close is
39. A beam of plane polarised light of large cross-
sectional area and uniform intensity of 3.3 Wm –2
falls normally on a polariser (cross sectional area
3 × 10–4 m2) which rotates about its axis with an
angular speed of 31.4 rad/s. The energy of light
passing through the polariser per revolution, is
close to [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 1.0 × 10–5 J (2) 1.0 × 10–4 J

[JEE (Main)-2020] (3) 5.0 × 10–4 J (4) 1.5 × 10–4 J

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40. In the figure below, P and Q are two equally
intense coherent sources emitting radiation of
wavelength 20 m. The separation between P and Q
is 5 m and the phase of P is ahead of that of Q
by 90°. A, B and C are three distinct points of
observation, each equidistant from the midpoint of
PQ. The intensities of radiation at A, B, C will be
in the ratio [JEE (Main)-2020]
B emerging light will be _______ Lumens.
P Q
A
C [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) 0 : 1 : 2 (2) 4 : 1 : 0
(3) 2 : 1 : 0 (4) 0 : 1 : 4
41. In a Young’s double slit experiment 15 fringes are
observed on a small portion of the screen when light
of wavelength 500 nm is used. Ten fringes are
observed on the same section of the screen when
another light source of wavelength  is used. Then
the value of  is (in nm) _____. [JEE (Main)-2020]
42. Orange light of wavelength 6000 × 10 –10 m
illuminates a single slit of width 0.6 × 10–4 m. The
(1) 4 : 1 (2) 2 : 1
(3) 3 : 1 (4) 1 : 4
46. An unpolarized light beam is incident on the
polarizer of a polarization experiment and the
intensity of light beam emerging from the analyzer
is measured as 100 Lumens. Now, if the analyzer
is rotated around the horizontal axis (direction of
light) by 30° in clockwise direction, the intensity of
[JEE (Main)-2021]
47. If the source of light used in a Young’s double slit
experiment is changed from red to violet
(1) The fringes will become brighter
(2) The central bright fringe will become a dark
fringe
(3) Consecutive fringe lines will come closer
(4) The intensity of minima will increase
48. The coherent light sources having intensity in the
ratio 2x produce an interference pattern. The ratio
Imax  Imin
Imax  Imin will be [JEE (Main)-2021]

maximum possible number of diffraction minima

produced on both sides of the central maximum 2x 2x
(1) (2)
is ___________. [JEE (Main)-2020] 2x  1 x 1

43. A beam of electrons of energy E scatters from a

2 2x 2 2x
target having atomic spacing of 1 Å. The first (3) (4)
x 1 2x  1
maximum intensity occurs at  = 60°. Then E
(in eV) is ______. [JEE (Main)-2020] 49. Consider the diffraction pattern obtained from the
sunlight incident on a pinhole of diameter 0.1 m.
(Planck constant h = 6.64 × 10 –34 Js, 1 eV =
If the diameter of the pinhole is slightly increased,
1.6 × 10–19 J, electron mass m = 9.1 × 10–31 kg)
it will affect the diffraction pattern such that
44. A Young’s double-slit experiment is performed [JEE (Main)-2021]
using monochromatic light of wavelength . The
intensity of light at a point on the screen, where (1) Its size decreases, and intensity decreases
the path difference is , is K units. The intensity of (2) Its size increases, and intensity increases

light at a point where the path difference is is (3) Its size increases, but intensity decreases
6
nK (4) Its size decreases, but intensity increases
given by , where n is an integer. The value of
12 50. In a Young’s double slit experiment two slits are
n is _________. [JEE (Main)-2020] separated by 2 mm and the screen is placed one
45. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the width of meter away. When a light of wavelength 500 nm is
the one of the slit is three times the other slit. The used, the fringe separation will be :
amplitude of the light coming from a slit is [JEE (Main)-2021]
proportional to the slit-width. Find the ratio of the
(1) 0.25 mm (2) 0.75 mm
maximum to the minimum intensity in the
interference pattern. [JEE (Main)-2021] (3) 0.50 mm (4) 1 mm

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51. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as
Assertion A and the other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : An electron microscope can achieve
better resolving power than an optical microscope.
Reason R : The de Broglie’s wavelength of the
electrons emitted from an electron gun is much
less than wavelength of visible light.
In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below:
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) A is false but R is true.
(2) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
explanation of A.
(3) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A.
(4) A is true but R is false.
52. A fringe width of 6 mm was produced for two slits
separated by 1 mm apart. The screen is placed
10 m away. The wavelength of light used is ‘x’ nm.
The value of ‘x’ to the nearest integer is______.
[JEE (Main)-2021]
53. In Young’s double slit arrangement, slits are
separated by a gap of 0.5 mm, and the screen is
placed at a distance of 0.5 m from them. The
distance between the first and the third bright fringe
formed when the slits are illuminated by a
monochromatic light of 5890 Å is:
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) 1178 × 10–9 m (2) 1178 × 10–6 m
(3) 1178 × 10–12 m (4) 5890 × 10–7 m
54. A galaxy is moving away from the earth at a speed
of 286 kms–1. The shift in the wavelength of a
redline at 630 nm is x × 10–10 m.
The value of x, to the nearest integer, is _____.
[Take the value of speed of light c, as 3 × 108 ms–1]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
55. In the Young’s double slit experiment, the distance
between the slits varies in time as d(t) = d0 + a0
sint; where d 0,  and a 0 are constants. The
difference between the largest fringe width and the
smallest fringe width obtained over time is given as:
[JEE (Main)-2021]
2D(d0 ) D
(1) (2)
d02  a02  d0  a0
2Da0 D
(3) (4) a0
 d02  a02  d02
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56. In Young’s double slit experiment, if the source of
light changes from orange to blue then
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) The distance between consecutive fringes will
increase
(2) The central bright fringe will become a dark
fringe
(3) The distance between consecutive fringes will
decrease
(4) The intensity of the minima will increase
57. The difference in the number of waves when yellow
light propagates through air and vacuum columns
of the same thickness is one. The thickness of the
air column is _______ mm.
[Refractive index of air = 1.0003, wavelength of
yellow light in vacuum = 6000Å]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
58. White light is passed through a double slit and
interference is observed on a screen 1.5 m away.
The separation between the slits is 0.3 mm. The
first violet and red fringes are formed 2.0 mm and
3.5 mm away from the central white fringes. The
difference in wavelengths of red and violet light is
______ nm. [JEE (Main)-2021]
59. A source of light is placed in front of a screen.
Intensity of light on the screen is I. Two Polaroid
P1 and P2 are so placed in between the source of
light and screen that the intensity of light on
screen is I/2. P2 should be rotated by an angle of
___ (degrees) so that the intensity of light on the
3I
screen becomes . [JEE (Main)-2021]
8
60. The light waves from two coherent sources have
same intensity I1 = I2 = I0. In interference pattern
the intensity of light at minima is zero. What will
be the intensity of light of maxima?
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) 5 I0
(2) I0
(3) 4 l0
(4) 2 l0
61. In a Young’s double slit experiment, the slits are
separated by 0.3 mm and the screen is 1.5 m
away from the plane of slits. Distance between
fourth bright fringes on both sides of central bright
fringe is 2.4 cm. The frequency of light used is ___
× 1014 Hz. [JEE (Main)-2021]
62. The width of one of the two slits in a Young’s
double slit experiment is three times the other slit.
If the amplitude of the light coming from a slit is
proportional to the slit-width, the ratio of minimum
to maximum intensity in the interference pattern is
x : 4 where x is [JEE (Main)-2021]
63. Sodium light of wavelengths 650 nm and 655 nm is
used to study diffraction at a single slit of aperture
0.5 mm. The distance between the slit and the
screen is 2.0 m. The separation between the
positions of the first maxima of diffraction pattern
obtained in the two cases is _____ × 10–5 m.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
64. The two light beams having intensities I and 9I
interfere to produce a fringe pattern on a screen. The
phase difference between the beams is /2 at point
P and  at point Q. Then the difference between the
resultant intensities at P and Q will be:
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) 2I (2) 6I
(3) 5I (4) 7I
65. The interference pattern is obtained with two coherent
light sources of intensity ratio 4 : 1. And the ratio
Imax  Imin 5 1
. immersed in a medium of refractive index 7/5, is
Imax  Imin is x Then, the value of x will be equal
to: [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) 3 (2) 4
(3) 2 (4) 1
66. A light whose electric field vectors are completely
removed by using a good polaroid, allowed to incident
on the surface of the prism at Brewster’s angle.
Choose the most suitable option for the phenomenon
related to the prism. [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Reflected and refracted rays will be perpendicular
to each other.
(2) Wave will propagate along the surface of prism.
(3) No refraction, and there will be total reflection of
light.
(4) No reflection, and there will be total transmission
of light.
67. In free space, an electromagnetic wave of 3 GHz
frequency strikes over the edge of an object of size

, where  is the wavelength of the wave in free
100
space. The phenomenon, which happens there will
be: [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Reflection (2) Refraction
(3) Diffraction (4) Scattering
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68. In Young’s double slit experiment the two slits are
0.6 mm distance apart. Interference pattern is
observed on a screen at a distance 80 cm from the
slits. The first dark fringe is observed on the screen
directly opposite to one of the slits. The wavelength
of light will be ___ nm. [JEE (Main)-2022]
69. In Young’s double slit experiment performed using a
monochromatic light of wavelength , when a glass
plate ( = 1.5) of thickness x is introduced in the
path of the one of the interfering beams, the intensity
at the position where the central maximum occurred
previously remains unchanged. The value of x will be:
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) 3 (2) 2
(3) 1.5 (4) 0.5
70. In a Young’s double slit experiment, an angular width
of the fringe is 0.35° on a screen placed at
2 m away for particular wavelength of 450 nm. The
angular width of the fringe, when whole system is
.

The value of  is _________. [JEE (Main)-2022]
71. Using Young’s double slit experiment, a
monochromatic light of wavelength 5000 Å produces
fringes of fringe width 0.5 mm. If another
monochromatic light of wavelength 6000 Å is used
and the separation between the slits is doubled, then
the new fringe width will be : [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) 0.5 mm (2) 1.0 mm
(3) 0.6 mm (4) 0.3 mm
72. In a double slit experiment with monochromatic light,
fringes are obtained on a screen placed at some
distance from the plane of slits. If the screen is
moved by 5 × 10–2 m towards the slits, the change in
fringe width is 3 × 10–3 cm. If the distance between the
slits is 1 mm, then the wavelength of the light will be
_______ nm. [JEE (Main)-2022]
73. Time taken by light to travel in two different materials
A and B of refractive indices A and B of same
thickness is t 1 and t 2 respectively. If
t2 – t1 = 5 × 10–10 s and the ratio of A to B is 1 : 2.
Then, the thickness of material, in meter is: (Given vA
and vB are velocities of light in A and B materials
respectively.) [JEE (Main)-2022]
 (1) 5 × 10–10 vA m 78. In a Young’s double slit experiment, a laser light of 560
nm produces an interference pattern with consecutive
(2) 5 × 10–10 m bright fringes’ separation of 7.2 mm. Now another light
(3) 1.5 × 10–10 m is used to produce an interference pattern with con-
(4) 5 × 10–10 vB m secutive bright fringes’ separation of 8.1 mm. The
wavelength of second light is ________ nm.
74. In Young’s double slit experiment, the fringe width is
[JEE (Main)-2022]
12 mm. If the entire arrangement is placed in water
4 79. Two light beams of intensities 4I and 9I interfere on
of refractive index , then the fringe width becomes a screen. The phase difference between these beams
3
on the screen at point A is zero and at point B is .
(in mm) [JEE (Main)-2022]
The difference of resultant intensities, at the point A
(1) 16 (2) 9
and B, will be_______ I. [JEE (Main)-2022]
(3) 48 (4) 12
80. An unpolarised light beam of intensity 2I0 is passed
75. A microscope was initially placed in air (refractive
through a polaroid P and then through another
index 1). It is then immersed in oil (refractive index 2).
For a light whose wavelength in air is , calculate the polaroid Q which is oriented in such a way that its
change of microscope’s resolving power due to oil passing axis makes an angle of 30° relative to that of
and choose the correct option. [JEE (Main)-2022] P. The intensity of the emergent light is

1 [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) Resolving power will be in the oil than it was
4
I0 I0
in the air. (1) (2)
4 2
(2) Resolving power will be twice in the oil than it was
in the air. 3I0 3I0
(3) Resolving power will be four times in the oil than (3) (4)
4 2
it was in the air.
81. Nearly 10% of the power of a 110 W light bulb is
1 converted to visible radiation. The change in average
(4) Resolving power will be in the oil than it was
2
intensities of visible radiation, at a distance of 1 m
in the air.
from the bulb to a distance of 5 m is a × 10–2 W.m2.
76. Two beams of light having intensities I and 4I interfere
The value of ‘a’ will be _____ [JEE (Main)-2022]
to produce a fringe pattern on a screen. The phase
difference between the two beams are /2 and /3 at 82. Two light beams of intensities in the ratio of 9 : 4 are
points A and B respectively. The difference between allowed to interfere. The ratio of the intensity of
the resultant intensities at the two points is xI. The maxima and minima will be: [JEE (Main)-2022]
value of x will be ___. [JEE (Main)-2022] (1) 2 : 3 (2) 16 : 81
(3) 25 : 169 (4) 25 : 1
77. Two coherent sources of light interfere. The intensity
ratio of two sources is 1 : 4. For this interference 83. The aperture of the objective is 24.4 cm. The resolving
power of this telescope, if a light of wavelength
Imax  Imin 2  1 2440 Å is used to see the object will be:
pattern if the value of I is equal to ,
max  Imin 3
[JEE (Main)-2022]

then will be [JEE (Main)-2022] (1) 8.1 × 106

(2) 10.0 × 107
(1) 1.5 (2) 2
(3) 8.2 × 105
(3) 0.5 (4) 1 (4) 1.0 × 10–8


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Chapter 23

Wave Optics
1. Answer (2) 6. Answer (4)
As 4 th bright fringe of unknown wavelength When polarised light is passed through a calcite
coincides with 3 rd bright f ringe of known crystal, its intensity changes on rotation of crystal.
wavelength
7. Answer (3)
4 D (590 nm)D
 3 IP = 4I0
d d

3  590 IQ  4I0 cos2  
   442.5 nm 2
4
2. Answer (1) 
Now,    IQ  2I0
2
As the beam is initially parallel, the shape of
wavefront is planar. 8. Answer (3)

3. Answer (2) 9. Answer (3)

Given  = 0 + 2I I0 I
2
I1  , I2  I1 cos 45  0
2 4
c c
Also,   v
v 0  2I 10. Answer (4)

As intensity is maximum at centre, so  is On any circle with centre at O, path difference will
minimum on the axis. remain constant.

4. Answer (3)
As the beam enters the medium, axial ray will
travel slowest. So, it will lag behind. To
compensate for the path, the rays will bend towards O
S1 S2
axis.

axial ray 11. Answer (4)

By law of Malus, I = I0cos2
Now, IA = IAcos230
IB = IBcos260
5. Answer (3)
As IA = IB
 
2
I1  I0  I0
 I 3 I 1
A B
I2 = I0 + I0 4 4

I1 IA 1
2 
I2 IB 3

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12. Answer (4)
m 2 4
  
Consider a plane wavefront travelling horizontally. n 1 5
As it moves, its different parts move with different
speeds. So, its shape will change as shown For 1
 Light bends upward
m1D
y , 1 = 650 nm
d

= 7.8 mm
17. Answer (3)
Polaroids A and B are oriented with parallel pass
13. Answer (2) axis
Let polaroid C is at angle  with A then it makes
1.22 1.22  (500  10 9 m)
RP    with B also.
2 sin   1 
2  1  
 100  I I 
    cos2    cos2 
8 2 

0.25 cm 1
2
 cos  
2
25 cm
  = 45°
= 3.05 × 10–5 m
= 30 m 18. Answer (1)

14. Answer (2) dsin = 

L
Q L sin   L 
a a  60°
d

L
b a 30°
a d
For b to be min, a   L bmin  2 L 

15. Answer (3) d

 [d = 1 × 10–6 m]
2
For relativistic motion
  = 5000 Å
c v
f = f0 ; v = relative speed of approach
c v D
Fringe width, B  (d ' is slit separation)
d'
c
c 5000  10 –10  0.5
f = 10 2  10 3  17.3 GHz 10 –2 
c d'
c
2
 d' = 25 × 10–6 m = 25 m
16. Answer (2) 19. Answer (3)
For 1 For 2 For air-medium interface
Max. angle of incidence = 90°
m1D n 2D
y y
d d sin90

sinr

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 Number of Bright fringes = 2 × 320 + 1
= 641
22. Answer (2)
r
r d = m1 1
d = m2 2

1.5 =  0.1 103

d   109 nm
40
1
sin r 
 1
d   105  25  102 nm
40
d is LCM of 1 and 2

1 1 = 625 nm and 2 = 500 nm


[By observation]
r
23. Answer (1)
2  1
For 1st minima
3
tan iB  (Brewster's law) 
d 2   2d   2d =
2
2
2
1 3 
 
2  5 d – 2d =
2  1 2
3 
  d=
5 2  5  2
3 24. Answer (1)
 min 
5
Dm = ( – 1)A
20. Answer (1)

Dm
( I1  I2 )2
 16
( I1  I2 )2

I1  I2
 4
I1  I2 
25. Answer (4)
I1 4 1 5 2  
      
I2 4 1 3  8 4

I1 25 I  4 I0 cos2 (  / 8)
 
I2 9 I
 cos2 (  / 8) = 0.85
21. Answer (4) 4 I0

26. Answer (4)

d sin  0.320  103 1
N  
 500  10 9 2 Angular width between second and first diffraction

= 320 minima 
a
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  For first minima,
Angular width of a fringe 
d
d 19.44 d sin 1  
 n 
a 4.05
 3
 No. of bright fringes = 04  sin 1    0.43
d 4
27. Answer (1)
 1  30,  1  25
a1 3
 33. Answer (3)
a2 1
D 1.5
2 2 Fringe-width,     589  10 9 m
Imax  a2  a1   3  1 d 0.15  10 3
     4
Imin  a2  a1   3  1 = 589 × 10–2 mm = 5.89 mm
28. Answer (3)
 5.9 mm
( –1)t = n
34. Answer (3)
n
t x = /8
 1
29. Answer (4)
I1 = 4 I0
I2 = I0

   9
2
I1  I2 
Imax  Phase difference   =
   4
 I2   1
Imin 2
I1 –
   
30. Answer (4)
I  I0 cos2    I0 cos2  
2
  8
t – t = 
I
  0.853
 t( – 1) =  I0
 35. Answer (1)
 t
(  1) P.D = (d) sin
31. Answer (3) Y
= (d )
Angle between pass axes of P1 and P2 is 30°. D

P1 I0 P2 P3 (103 )(1.27  10 3 )
=
I0 2 1
= 1.27 m
 I0  2 2
 I0 
  cos 3 0 
2  cos 30   cos 60 36. Answer (1)
2 2
N11 = N22
I I 3 1 3I
I  0  cos2 30  cos2 60  0    0
2 2 4 4 32 16 × 700 = N2 × 400
I0 32  N2 = 28
   10.67
I 3 37. Answer (3)
32. Answer (1)
 500  10 –9
d sin 2  2 (for 2nd minima) := d 
5  10 –5
= 0.01 rad
 3
 d   2
 2  ... (i) = 0.57°
 
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38. Answer (3) So No. of minima possible in one side is 99.
And in both side it is 198
2
Phase difference   optical path difference
43. Answer (50.47)

1
2 mv 2  E
 ( n1L1  n2L2 ) 2

h
39. Answer (2)  P  2Em  
2 Em
I = I0cos2(t)
For first maxima,
I 2d sin = 
 Iav  0
2
3 h
 2  10 10  
I0 2 2 Em
 E=  A  ( t )
2
(1010  h )2
 2 Em 
2 2  3.14 1 3
t    s
 31.4 5
(1010  h)2
 E (eV)
3.3 1 6me  e
 E  3  104   1 10 –4 J
2 5  E = 50.47 eV
40. Answer (3) 44. Answer (09)

 2 5 2  
A    0   
2  20  6 3

    3K
B  I  k cos2   
2 2 4
 2 5 n=9
C    
2  20
45. Answer (1)
IA = 4I0
I1 = I0
IB = 2I0
IC = 0 I2 = 9I0 as I  A2
41. Answer (750)
    3  1 2  4 : 1
2
151 = 102  Imax I2  I1
  
 I1 
 3  1
Imin 2
2 = 1.51 I2 
2 = 750 nm
46. Answer (75)
42. Answer (198)
Assuming initially transmission axes of polarizer
For minima and analyser are parallel.
d sin = na
I0
I = 100 Lumen
 for n to be maximum sin = 1 2
Now if analyser is rotated by angle of 30°,
6  10 –5 then –
 n  100
6  10 –7
I0 3
Since n = 100 will corresponds to infinity. I  cos2   100  = 75 Lumen
2 4

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47. Answer (3) 53. Answer (2)

D d = 0.5 mm
 
d D = 0.5 m
and v < red 2D
Required distance  2 
 Fringe width will decrease. d
 Fringe lines will come closer.
48. Answer (4) 2  5890  1010  0.5

0.5  103
I2
 2X = 1178 × 10–6 m
I1
54. Answer (6)
2 2
 I2   I   v
  1   2  1 =
Imax  Imin I1  I1  c
   
Imax  Imin  I2 
2
 I2 
2
v
     = 
 I 1   I 1
c
 1   1 
286  103
2 2 =  630  10 9 m
 2 x  1   2 x  1 3  108

= 2 2
 2 x  1   2 x  1 = 6.006 × 10–10 m

4 2x 2 2x 55. Answer (3)

= =
4x  2 2x  1
D
49. Answer (4) max 
d0  a0
1.22 D
 rdark  , where b is opening diameter. D
b min 
d0  a0
When opening size is increased, the diffraction
size decreases but intensity increases.
 1 1 
50. Answer (1) max  min  D   
 d0  a0 (d0  a0 ) 
D

d 2Da0

500  10 9
1 (d02  a02 )

2  103 56. Answer (3)
= 250 × 10–6
O > B
= 0.25 mm
D
51. Answer (2) Fringe Width,  
d
Resolving power increases on decreasing the
wavelength.  O >  Blue
52. Answer (600) 57. Answer (2)
D d d

d n  
1  2
10
6  103 
103 (  1)d
1
  600 nm 0

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  d = 6 × 10–7/.0003  According to given values, required separation
=2× 10–3 m 3 2m
   655 nm – 650 nm  
58. Answer (300) 2 0.5 mm

D1
Y1   Required separation = 3 × 10–5 m.
d

D 2 64. Answer (2)

Y2 
d

d IP  I  9I  2 I  9I cos  10I
 2  1  (Y2  Y1 ) 2
D
= 300 nm IQ  I  9I  2 I  9I cos   4I
59. Answer (30)
Initially the polaroids are aligned i.e. angle between So, IP – IQ = 6I
their axes is 0°.
Now if polaroid P2 is rotated by angle  to obtain 65. Answer (2)
required result then
Imax  Imin I1  I2  2 I1I2  I1  I2  2 I1I2
I 3 
 cos2   I Imax  Imin I1  I2  2 I1I2  I1  I2  2 I1I2
2 8

3 2(I1  I2 )
 cos   or   30 
2 4 I1I2
60. Answer (3)
 I1 
    1
2
Imax  I1  I 2 I
 2 
4 1 5
I1  
2 2 2 4
 
2 I2
 2 I0  4 I0

So x = 4
61. Answer (5)
66. Answer (4)
4 D
y  2  When electric field vector is completely removed and
d
incident on Brewster’s angle then only refraction
8  1.5   takes place.
2.4  102 
0.3  103 67. Answer (4)
  = 600 nm

Since size is of the order of , hence scattering
c 100
f   5  1014 Hz
 will take place.
62. Answer (1) 68. Answer (450)

2 2 d
Imin  A1  A2   3  1 1 y ,
    3  1 = 2
Imax  A1  A2    4
d
 x  y
63. Answer (3) D

3 D d2 
Position of 1st maxima is  
2 a 2D 2

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 73. Answer (A)
 0.6  10 
2
–3
  t2 – t1 = 5 × 10–10
0.8
d d
= 450 nm    5  1010
vB v A
69. Answer (2)
For the intensity to remain same the position must vB A 1
be of a maxima so path difference must be n so and, v    2
A B

(1.5 – 1)x = n
 vB  10
x = 2n (n = 0, 1, 2 …)  d  1  v   5  10  v B
 A 
So, value of x will be
x = 0, 2, 4, 6…  1 10
 d  1    5  10  v B
 2
70. Answer (4)
 d = 10 × 10–10 × vB m

Angular fringe width    d = 5 × 10–10 × vA m
D
74. Answer (2)
1 2 B = 12 × 10–3
So   
1 2

 12  103
0.35 450 nm   
2   1  4
0.25 
450 nm 715 = 4 3

So = 4 = 9 × 10–3 m = 9 mm
75. Answer (3)
71. Answer (4)
2 sin 
D  Resolving power =
Fringe width  1.22
d
P1 1 1
  
 Fringe width  P2 2 2
d
2
 
1.2  1
 New fringe width = 0.5 mm   0.3 mm
 2 
2

72. Answer (600) P1 1

 
P2 4
D
Fringe width    P2 = 4P1
d
76. Answer (2)

 d  d D  IR  I1  I2  2 I1I2 cos 
d 1

 I A  I  4I  2 I.4I cos90
 3  103 cm =
1 mm

5  10 2 m 
= 5I

3  108 IB  I  4I  2 I.4I cos 60

  m
5  102 = 7I

  = 600 nm IB – IA = 2I

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77. Answer (2)
 
2
IB  I1 – I2 I

 
2
Imax  I1  I2 So, IA – IB = 24I
80. Answer (C)
 
2
Imin  I1  I2

max I min I 1 2 2 I  I 
 I 
max  Imin 4  I I
12

 I1 
  1
1 I
  2 
2 I1
I2
3
I  I0 
1  4
1
1  4 
  81. Answer (84)
2  1
2 Pradiation = 0.1 × 110 = 11 W
 

5 22 1 Iradiation1  Iradiation1 – Iradiation2

 
4 1 3
 1 1  11 24
 11 – 
 2  4 4 25  4 25
  2
 1
= 84 × 10–2 W/m 2
78. Answer (630)
82. Answer (4)
= 560 × 10–9
2
Imax  I1  I2 
2
B1 = 7.2 × 10–3 5
   
Imin  I1  I2   1
B2 = 8.1 × 10–3

B1 1 25
 
B2 2 1
83. Answer (3)
–9 –3
560  10  8.1 10
 2  1
7.2  10 –3 R.P. = 1.22  /a

= 6.3 × 10–7 m
= 630 nm 24.4  10 2

1.22  2440  1010
79. Answer (24)
= 8.2 × 105
 
2
IA  I1  I2  25I Option (C) is correct



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