SQUARE FOOTING (CASE 2)

PROBLEM 1:

A square column footing is to support a 400mm square tied

column that carries service dead load of 1000kN and service live
load of 900kN. The column is reinforced with eight 25mm diameter
bars. The base of the footing is 1.5m below the natural grade
where the allowable soil pressure is 280kPa. The soil above the
footing has a unit weight of 15.6kN/m. Assume f y =275 MPa ,
'
f c=27.6 MPa , unit weight of concrete is 24kN/m3 and the
thickness of the footing is 0.75m. Design the footing using 25mm
main bars and 75mm concrete clear cover. Use NSCP 2010.

3
GIVEN: c=400 mm γ s=15.6 kN /m
q a=280 kPa

DL=1000 kN γ c =24 kN /m
3
d bm=25 mm

¿=900 kN '
f c=27.6 MPa c c =75 mm

hs =1.5 m−0.75 m=0.75 m f y =275 MPa hc =0.75m

SOLUTION:

1. Solve for the total load and ultimate load, “Pn and Pu”.

Pn= DL +¿=1000 kN + 900 kN Pu=1.2 DL +1.6≪¿

Pn=1900 kN Pu=1.2 ( 1000 kN ) +1.6 ( 900 kN )

Pu=2640 kN

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2. Solve for effective soil bearing capacity, “qeff”.

q eff =q a−γ s h s−γ c hc

q eff =280 kPa−15.6 kN /m 3 ( 0.75 m ) −240 kN /m 3 (0.75 m)

q eff =250.30 kPa

3. Solve for the area of the footing.

Pn 1900 kN
A= =
q eff 250.30 kPa
2
A=7.59 m

4. Solve for the length of the footing.

A=L
2 , L= √ A

L= √ 7.59 m
2

L=2.755 m≈ 2.8 m

5. Solve for Actual Area.

2
A actual =L2=( 2.8 m )
2
A actual =7.84 m

6. Solve for Ultimate soil pressure, “qu”.

Pu 2640 kN
qu = =
A 7.84 m 2 qu =336.73 kPa

7. Find “d” using wide beam shear.

1 '
V c=
6
√ f c= 16 √27.6 MPa
V c =0.8756 MPa

0 0
 Vu
V n= , V u=quLx
∅ bd

L−c
x= −d
2

V n=
[
336.73 ( 2800 ) 2800 −400 −d
2 ]
(0.75)(2800)(d )

Equate Vc to Vn :

0.8756 MPa=
336.73 kPa(2800 mm)
[
2800 −400
2
−d ]
(0.75)(2800 mm)( d )

d=406.75 ≈ 407 mm

8. Find “d” using punching shear.

2 1 '
V cp =(1+ )( √ f c)
βc 6

2800 mm
βc= =1
2800 mm

( 21 )( 16 √27.6 MPa )
V cp = 1+

0 0
 V cp =2.6268 MPa

1 1
V cp = √ f ' c= √ 27.6 MPa
3
allow
3

V cp =1.75 MPa
allow
¿ V cp allow

Therefore use V cp =1.75 MPa

allow

Equate V cp to V cp allow
:

Vu
V u=qu [ L − (c+ d ) ]
2 2
V np = ,
∅b o d

V u =0. 33673 kPa [ 2800 −( 400 + d) ]

2 2

bo =4 ( c+ d )=4(400+d )

0.33673469 [ 2800 −( 400 +d) ]

2 2

1.75 MPa=
(0.75) [ 4 ( 400+d ) ] (d)

d=464.39 mm ≈ 465 mm (GOVERNS)

9. Check for total depth.

hc =d+c c +1.5 d bm=465 mm +75 mm +1.5(25 mm)

hc =577.5 mm <750 mm ( ok )

d = 465 + 1.5(25)

d = 577.5 mm

10. Solve for actual moment, “ M u ”.

quL(Lm )2
M u=
2

0 0
 2.8 m−0.4 m
L m= =1.2 m
2

336.73 kPa ( 2.8 m ) ( 1.2m )2

M u=
2

M u=678.85 kN

11. Find the value of “ ω ”, “ ρ ”,

and “ ρmin ”.

M u=∅ f ' cb d 2 ω(1−0.59 ω)

678.85 (106 )= ( 0.90 ) ( 27.60 )( 2800 )( 577.5) (ω )( 1−0.59 ω )

2

ω=0.029789

ω f ' c 0.029789(27.6)
ρ= = =0.0029897578
fy 275

1.4 1.4
ρmin = = =0.00509> ρ
f y 275

Therefore, use ρmin =0.00509

12. Solve for As .

A s =ρmin bd=0.00509 (2800 )( 502.5 )

2
A s =7161.63 mm

13. Solve for N .

As 7161.63 mm 2
N= = =14.6 ≈ 15 pcs .
π ( 2) π ( 2)
d 25
4 4

∴Use 15−25 mm∅ bars

14. Solve for development length.

0 0
 3 f y αβγ
Ld = (db ) Ld = Lm −c c
5√ f ' c
'
req' d fur n d

α=β=γ =1(unless specified) = 1200 mm−75 mm

3 ( 275) ( 1 )( 1)(1) =1125 mm

Ld = ( 25) Ld
5 √ 27.6
'
req' d fur n d

¿ Ld req' d

Ld =765.18 mm ≈ 770 mm
req' d

(OK, hook at bar end is not required)

15. Check for bearing stress,“ Fb ”.

Fb =∅ 0.85 f ' c A1 (√ )A2

A1

√ A2
A1
must not be ¿2 ,
√ √ A2
A1
=
2.82
0.42
=7>2

Therefore use
√ A2
A1
=2

Fb =(0.75 ) ( 0.85 ) (27.6 MPa ) ( 0.4 mm) ( 2 ) (10 )

32

Fb =5630 kN ¿ Pu

Therefore no dowels are needed.

16. Solve for “ A s min

” across the interface of the column and the
footing

2
A s =0.005 A 1=0.005 ( 400)
min

A s =800 mm2
min

17. Summary

Use 2.8m x 2.8m footing with the effective depth to the top
bars of 465mm (total depth = 577.5mm),with 15 - 25mm ∅ bars
bothways.

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SQUARE FOOTING (CASE 2)

PROBLEM 2:

A square column footing is to support a 500mm square tied

column that carries service dead load of 1100kN and service live
load of 1000kN. The column is reinforced with eight 25mm diameter
bars. The base of the footing is 1.5m below the natural grade
where the allowable soil pressure is 280kPa. The soil above the
footing has a unit weight of 15.6kN/m. Assume f y =275 MPa ,
'
f c=27.6 MPa , unit weight of concrete is 24kN/m3 and the
thickness of the footing is 0.70m. Design the footing using 25mm
main bars and 75mm concrete clear cover. Use NSCP 2010.

3
GIVEN: c=500 mm γ s=15.6 kN /m
q a=280 kPa

DL=1100 kN γ c =24 kN /m
3
d bm=25 mm

¿=1000 kN '
f c=27.6 MPa c c =75 mm

hs =1.5 m −0.70 m =0.80 m f y =275 MPa hc =0.70 m

SOLUTION:

1. Solve for the total load and ultimate load, “Pn and Pu”.

Pn= DL +¿=1100 kN +1000 kN Pu=1.2 DL +1.6≪¿

Pn=2100 kN Pu=1.2 ( 1100 kN )+1.6 (1000 kN )

Pu=2920 kN

0 0
2. Solve for effective soil bearing capacity, “qeff”.

q eff =q a−γ s h s−γ c hc

q eff =280 kPa−15.6 kN /m ( 0.80 m ) −240 kN /m (0.70 m)

3 3

q eff =250.72 kPa

3. Solve for the area of the footing.

Pn 2100 kN
A= =
q eff 250.72kPa
2
A=8.38 m

4. Solve for the length of the footing.

A=L
2 , L= √ A

L= √ 8.38 m
2

L=2.894 m ≈ 2.9 m

5. Solve for Actual Area.

A actual =L =( 2.9 m )
2 2

A actual =8.41 m 2

6. Solve for Ultimate soil pressure, “qu”.

Pu 2920 kN
qu = =
A 8.41 m 2 qu =347.21 kPa

7. Find “d” using wide beam shear.

1 '
V c=
6
√ f c= 16 √27.6 MPa
V c =0.8756 MPa

0 0
 Vu
V n= , V u=quLx
∅ bd

L−c
x= −d
2

V n=
[
347.21 ( 2900 ) 2900 −500 −d
2 ]
(0.75)( 2900)( d )

Equate Vc to Vn :

0.8756 MPa=
[
347.21 (2900 ) 2900 −500 −d
2 ]
(0.75 )(2900)( d )

d=415.025 ≈ 415 mm

8. Find “d” using punching shear.

2 1 '
V cp =(1+ )( √ f c)
βc 6

2900 mm
βc= =1
2900 mm

( 21 )( 16 √27.6 MPa )
V cp = 1+

0 0
 V cp =2.6268 MPa

1 1
V cp = √ f ' c= √ 27.6 MPa
3
allow
3

V cp =1.75 MPa
allow
¿ V cp allow

Therefore use V cp =1.75 MPa

allow

Equate V cp to V cp allow
:

Vu
V u=qu [ L −( c+ d ) ]
2 2
V np = ,
∅b o d

V u =0. 34721 [ 2900 −( 500+ d ) ]

2 2

bo =4 ( c+ d )=4(500+ d)

0.34721 [ 2900 −(500 +d ) ]

2 2

1.75 MPa=
(0.75) [ 4 ( 500+d) ] (d )

d=493.887 mm ≈ 494 mm (GOVERNS)

9. Check for total depth.

hc =d+c c +1.5 d bm=494 mm +75 mm +1.5(25 mm )

hc =606.5 mm <700 mm ( ok )

d = 494 + 1.5(25)

d = 531.5 mm

10. Solve for actual moment, “ M u ”.

quL(Lm )2
M u=
2

0 0
 2.9 m−0.5 m
L m= =1.2m
2

347.21 ( 2.9 m )(1.2 m )2

M u=
2

M u=724.97 kN

11. Find the value of “ ω ”, “ ρ ”,

and “ ρmin ”.

' 2
M u=∅ f cb d ω(1−0.59 ω)

724.97 (106 ) =( 0.90 ) ( 27.60 )( 2900 )( 606.5) (ω)(1−0.59 ω)

2

ω=0.0278

ω f ' c 0.0278(27.6)
ρ= = =0.00279
fy 275

1.4 1.4
ρmin = = =0.00509> ρ
f y 275

Therefore, use ρmin =0.00509

12. Solve for As .

A s =ρmin bd=0.00509( 2900 )( 531.5)

2
A s =7845.47 mm

13. Solve for N .

As 7845.47 mm 2
N= = =15.98 ≈ 16 pcs .
π ( 2) π ( 2)
d 25
4 4

∴Use 16−25 mm ∅ bars

14. Solve for development length.

3 f y αβγ
Ld = (db ) Ld = Lm −c c
5√ f ' c
'
req' d fur n d

0 0
 α=β=γ =1(unless specified) = 1200 mm−75 mm

3 ( 275) ( 1 )( 1)(1)
Ld = ( 25) Ld =1125 mm
5 √ 27.6
'
req' d fur n d

¿ Ld req' d

Ld =765.18 mm ≈ 770 mm
req' d

(OK, hook at bar end is not required)

15. Check for bearing stress,“ Fb ”.

Fb =∅ 0.85 f ' c A1 (√ )A2

A1

√ A2
A1
must not be ¿2 ,
√ √
A2
A1
=
2.92
0.52
=5.8 > 2

Therefore use
√ A2
A1
=2

Fb =(0.75 ) ( 0.85 ) (27.6 MPa ) ( 0.5 mm ) ( 2 ) (10 )

2
3

Fb =8797.5 kN ¿ Pu

Therefore no dowels are needed.

16. Solve for “ A s min

” across the interface of the column and the
footing

2
A s =0.005 A 1=0.005 ( 500)
min

A s =1250 mm 2
min

17. Summary

Use 2.9m x 2.9m footing with the effective depth to the top
bars of 494mm (total depth = 606.5mm),with 16 - 25mm ∅ bars
bothways.

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Time Duration (Problem 1): 28 mins. And 14 sec.

Time Duration (Problem 2): 22 mins. And 42 sec.

0 0