Reviewer Notes
Readings in Philippine History.
A. KKK
● The first move towards independence began on
July 7, 1892 when the Katipunan was established
by Andres Bonifacio.
● This was a result of the failure of the Reform
Movement in Spain in which Filipinos attempted to
demand reforms for the Philippines from the
Spanish government.
● The Kataastaasang Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan or KKK was a
revolutionary society that espoused independence
and freedom for the Philippines through force of
arms.
● Its main objective was separation of the Philippines
from Spain and, at the same time, the development
of the Filipino as citizens of their own nation once
independence was achieved.
● The latter was done through the written works by
Bonifacio and fellow Katipunero, Emilio Jacinto,
who wrote a number of poems and essays for the
society members.
● The recruitment process of the Katipunan followed
the Masonic initiation rites while its structure was
said to be based on Rizal’s aborted reformist
organization, the La Liga Filipina. The new
members of the society were indoctrinated with the
Katipunan rules and its teachings that emphasized
the value of the love of one’s country and fellow
Filipinos.
Kartilya - Served as the guidebook for new members of the
organization.
● The first edition of the Kartilya was written by
Andres Bonifacio. Emilio Jacinto later revised the
Decalogue.
● Printed as a small pamphlet that was distributed to
the members of the Katipunan.
● Its term was derived from the Spanish cartilla
which was the primer used for grade schools during
the Spanish period
D. Pre-colonial Social Classes
1. Dato
● Chief of the barangay whom governed, obeyed, and
reverenced
● “Corresponded to our knights”
● The subject who committed any offense against
them, or spoke but a word to their wives and
children, was severely punished.
2. Nobles or Maharlika
● Free-born
● Do not pay tax or tribute to the dato, but must
accompany him in war, at their own expense
● After marriage, they could not move from one
barangay to another without paying a certain fine in
gold
3. Commoners or Aliping namamahay
● Can marry
● Serve their master, whether he be a dato or not,
with half of their cultivated lands
● They accompany their master whenever he went
beyond the island, and rowed for him.
● They live in their own houses, and are lords of their
property and gold.
● Their children can inherit their parents’ properties.
● Their children can enjoy the rank of their fathers,
and they cannot be made slaves (sa guiguilir) nor
can either parents or children be sold.
4.Aliping sa guiguilir
● Slaves
● They serve their master on his house and on his
cultivated lands.
● May be sold by their master
● Can ransom himself and become a namamahay
through payment of at least five taels of gold
Interclass Marriage
● If a Maharlica marries a slave, whether namamahay
or sa guiguilir, the children were divided: the first,
third, fifth, and so on, whether male or females,
belongs to the father; the second, fourth, sixth, and
so on, belongs to the mother.
● If the parent is a free-born, all those who belonged
to him/her are free; if he/she is a slave, then the
children are also slave.
● Those who became slaves fell under the category
of servitude which was their parent’s, either
namamahay or sa guiguilir.
E. 3rd Rule of The Kartilya
Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang gawa, ang
pag ibig sa kapwa at ang isukat ang bawat kilos,
gawa’t pangungusap sa talagang katuiran.
(True piety is the act of being charitable, loving one’s
fellowmen, and being ridiculous in behavior, speech and
deed.)