EJVL]JH VGHIJCWEWJH

J[WCJH BGVG]J^JYJH VJIJ VJ[AGH IGHNJH

DGEGHJ IA ][WV I] D I@JDAE VJIJHN
YJCWH =6==

Iisusuh Legc 0
Igig ]jcdj Jeijhy, [.
Bgp Hid 0

Vrgkgptlr Jbjigdib Vrgkgptlr Beihib

() ()

[GBLEJC YAHNNA AEDW BG[GCJYJH JEAOJC VJIJHN

V]LN]JD [YWIA V]LOG[A HG][
VJIJHN YJ. =6=:/=6==
 BJYJ VGHNJHYJ]

Vu`i ijh syubur pghueis pjh`jtbjh bgpjij Jeejc sumcjhjeejc wj Yj-jej jtjs

mgrbjt ijh rjcdjt-Hyjejc sgcihnnj pghueis ijpjt dghygegsjibjh

Ejplrjh Vgijcueujh ijejd rjhnbj dgdghuci tunjs Vrlogsi Hgrs [gblejc

Yihnni Aedu Bgsgcjtjh Jeiojc Vjijhn ignjh `uiue ―Ejplrjh Vghijcueujh Jsucjh

Bgpgrjwjtjh Vjij Vjsigh Ighnjh Dgeghj—

Vjij bgsgdpjtjh ihi, pghueis cghijb dghyjdpjibjh tgridjbjsic bgpjij

sgduj picjb yjhn tgejc dgdmgribjh iubuhnjh dlrie djupuh djtgrie

sgcihnnj Ejplrjh Vghijcueujh ihi ijpjt sgegsji. Wkjpjh tgridj bjsic ihi

pghueis tu`ubjh bgpjij 0

:. Amu sgejbu Vrgkgptlr Jbjigdib ijh ilsgh bgpgrjwjtjh [YABgs

Jeiojc Vjijhn

=. Ygdjh-tgdjh sjtu midmihnjh yjhn tgejc mgr`ujhn mgrsjdj-sjdj

pghueis ijejd dghygegsjibjh ejplrjh ihi

Vghueis dghyjijri mjcwj Ejplrjh ihi djsic mjhyjb bgburjhnjh. Legc

bjrghj itu, pghueis dghncjrjpbjh britib ijh sjrjh yjhn dgdmjhnuh ijri pjrj

pgdmjkj nuhj dghygdpurhjbjh sgnjej bgburjhnjh ijejd pghyusuhjh ihi.

Vjijhn, =6 @jhujri =6==

Vghueis
 IJOYJ] A[A

KL_G] ..............................................................................................................................i
BJYJ VGHNJHYJ] ..................................................................................................ii
IJOYJ] A[A .................................................................................................................iii

MJM A VGHIJCWEWJH
J. Ejtjr Mgejbjhn Djsjejc.................................................................................:
M. Yu`ujh Vghgeitijh .................................................................................................. 9
MJM AA YAH@JWJH VW[YJBJ
:. Igoihisi ............................................................................................................. 7
=. Jhjtldi ijh Oisilelni ....................................................................................>
;. Gtilelni ............................................................................................................. 1
9. Djhiogstjsi Beihib ..........................................................................................;
7. Bejsioibjsi ........................................................................................................7
6. Vjtloisilelni .................................................................................................... 6
>. Vjtwjy .............................................................................................................. 3
3. Vgdgribsjjh Vghuh`jhn .................................................................................1
1. Vghjtjejbsjhjjh ............................................................................................=6
MJM AAA J[BGV YGL]AYA[
:. Vghnbj`ijh Bgpgrjwjtjh .............................................................................=:
=. Iijnhlsj Bgpgrjwjtjh ................................................................................=9
;. Ahtgrvghsi Bgpgrjwjtjh ...............................................................................;6

9. Adpegdghtjsi Bgpgrjwjtjh .........................................................................;7

7. Gvjeujsi Bgpgrjwjtjh ..................................................................................96
MJM A_ VGHWYWV
J. Bgsidpuejh ..........................................................................................................9;
M. [jrjh ..................................................................................................................... 9;
IJOYJ] VW[YJBJ ...................................................................................................97
 MJM A

VGHIJCWEWJH

J. Ejtjr Mgejbjhn

Vghijrjcjh [KMJ ijpjt mgrdjhiogstjsi sgmjnji cgdjtgdgsis, djeghj,

jtju bgiujhyj. Vgrijrjcjh iisjeurjh kgrhj jtjs jijejc bgciejhnjh ijrjc ijejd

eudgh sjeurjh kgrhj dueji ijri gslojnus sjdpji iulighud, sjeurjh kgrhj

mjnijh mjwjc ([KMM) jijejc bgciejhnjh ijrjc ii sgmgejc mjwjc

eingdghtud trgitz (Jzdi

ibb,=6:6).

Cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj dgrupjbjh sujtu pgrijrjcjh yjhn tgr`jii pjij sjeurjh

kgrhj mjnijh jtjs ([KMJ) ijh dgrupjbjh bgjijjh njwjt ijrurjt yjhn
sgrihn ii`udpji ii tijp rudjc sjbit ii sgeuruc iuhij tgrdjsub Ahilhgsij.
Vghijrjcjh ijpjt

tgr`jii bjrghj pgkjchyj vjrisgs gslojnus, njstritis grlsio jtju uebus pgptibud. 36

% ijri jhnbj bgdjtijh jbimjt pghijrjcjh [KMJ ii Mjnijh Aedu Vghyjbit

Ijejd Ojbuetjs Bgilbtgrjh Whivgrsitjs Ahilhgsij (OBWA)/ ]udjc

[jbit Kiptl Djhnuhbusudl (][KD) mgrjsje ijri pgkjchyj vjrisgs gslojnus

jbimjt pghyjbit sirlsis cjti ijh cgpjtldj.

Bldpeibjsi yjhn misj tgr`jii pjij pjsigh cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj jijejc

bldj cgpjtib (sujtu sihirld hgurlpsibijtrib yjhn iitjhiji ighnjh pgrumjcjh

bgsjijrjh,

pghuruhjh ihtgegbtuje, ijh bgejihjh hgurlelnis yjhn dghygrtji bgejihjh

pjrghbid cjti), sylb ciplvlegdib (bgciejhnjh vleudg ijrjc sirbuejsi sgcihnnj

kurjc `jhtuhn ijh tgbjhjh ijrjc dghuruh), jspirjsi phgudlhi (ihogbsi pjru yjhn

tgr`jii jbimjt kjirjh yjhn djsub bg sjeurjh hjpjs), jhgdi plstcgdlrjnib

(bgciejhnjh ijrjc yjhn dghijijb ijh tiijb iisjijri). (Vridjhiegij, =6:1)

Bg`jiijh pgrijrjcjh sjeurjh kgrhj mjnijh jtjs ii hgnjrj grlpj dghkjpji :66

`iwj pgr :66.666 `iwj/tjcuh, bg`jiijh tgrcjijp prij `juc egmic mjhyjb ijripjij
wjhitj. Ahsiighsi ihi dghihnbjt sgsuji ighnjh mgrtjdmjchyj usij. Ii

ihilhgsij bg`jiijh ihi hyjtjhyj iiplpuejsi tiijb iibgtjcui (Diejhi,=6:7)

Ii Ahilhgsij sgmjnijh mgsjr (>6-37%) cgdgtgdgsis iisgmjmbjh legc pgkjchyj

vjrisgs gslojnus yjhn tgr`jii pjij pjsigh sirlsis cjti sgcihnnj

prlnhlsishyj tgrnjhtuhn ijri pghyjbit yjhn dghijsjrihyj. Vgrijrjcjh

jbimjt sirlsis cjti iisgmjmbjh legc njhnnujh ouhnsi cjti pghigritj, jeblcle, lmjt-

lmjtjh, virus cgpjtitis ijh pghyjbit mieigr.

Vghgeitijh pjij Lbtlmgr =6=: sjdpji igsgdmgr =6=: ii ihstjejhsi

iijnhlstib tgrpjiu (AIY) ][WV D I`jdie bltj Vjijhn ighnjh :6;

pjsigh pghigritj cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj iistrimusi njdmjrjh gslojnuliulighlsblpi

(GNI) dghuh`ubjh

mjcwj GNI yjhn tgrmjhyjb jijejc uebus njstgr (=>,3%), bgduiijh iiibuti pgkjchyj

vjrisgs gslojnus sgmjhyjb (:;,6%), ijh njstritis grlsio (1,6%), pjij

pghgeitijh ejihhyj, vjrisgs gslojnus bjsus tgrmjhyjb ii ][W ir [lgtldl [urjmjyj

sgmjhyjb (>6,1%), ][WV Kiptl Djhnuhbusudl @jbjrtj (;;,7%). Yihnnihyj bjsus

uebus njstgr ijh njstritis grlsio ii ][WV D I`jdie Vjijhn ijri pjij

bgtinj rudjc sjbit

bgduhnbihjh ii sgmjmbjh legc plej djbjh djsyjrjbjt Vjijhn yjhn kghiruhn djbjh

djbjhjh pgijs, bgmijsjjh djbjh djbjhjh yjhn pgijs yjhn ijpjt

dgrusjb

(cjrdouee) pjij dublsj ejdmuhn ijh usus (Jzdi ibb,=6:6).

Mgrijsjrbjh pgdmjcjsjh iijtjs, pghueis tgrtjrib uhtub dghnjhnbjt

djsjejc tgrsgmut ijejd sgmujc ejplrjh pghijcueujh yjhn mgr`uiue ―Ejplrjh

pghijcueujh Jsucjh Bgpgrjwjtjh Vjij Vjsigh Ighnjh Dgeghj—

.
M. Yu`ujh Vghueisjh

:. Yu`ujh Wdud

Djdpu dghniightioibjsi ijh dghgrjpbjh jsucjh bgpgrjwjtjh pjij pjsigh

ighnjh Dgeghj

=. Yu`ujh Bcusus

j. Djdpu dgdjcjdi pghngrtijh Dgeghj

m. Djdpu dgdjcjdi jhjtldi oisilelni Dgeghj

k. Djdpu dgdjcjdi gtilelni Dgeghj

i. Djdpu dgdjcjdi djhiogstjsi Dgeghj

g. Djdpu dgdjcjdi pjtloisilelni Dgeghj

o. Djdpu dgdjcjdi bldpeibjsi Dgeghj

n. Djdpu dgdjcjdi pghjtjejbsjhjjh Dgeghj

c. Djdpu dgdjcjdi jsucjh bgpgrjwjtjh pjij pjsigh ighnjh Dgeghj

 MJM AA

YAH@JWJH YGL]AYA[

J. Blhsgp Ijsjr

:. Vghngrtijh

Cgdjtgdgsis jijejc duhtjc ijrjc ijh dgeghj jijejc pghngeujrjh ogsgs

jtju tih`j yjhn mgrwjrhj citjd sgpgrti tgc yjhn iisgmjmbjh legc

jijhyj

pgrijrjcjh sjeurjh djbjh mjnijh jtjs. ^jrhj cgdjtgdgsis tgrnjhtuhn pjij

ejdjhyj cumuhnjh jtju blhtjb jhtjrj ijrjc ighnjh jsjd ejdmuhn ijh mgsjr

bgkiehyj pgrijrjcjh, sgcihnnj ijpjt mgrwjrhj sgpgrti blpi jtju

bgdgrjc- dgrjcjh ijh mgrnudpje-nudpje ([`jiolgeejc Hllr Ibb, =6:3).

Cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj jijejc sujtu blhiisi ii djhj pjsigh

dghnjejdi duhtjc ijrjc yjhn iisgrtji ighnjh mujhn jir mgsjr (MJM)

mgrijrjc ijh

mgrwjrhj citjd. Cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj dgrupjbjh sujtu pgrijrjcjh yjhn tgr`jii

pjij sjeurjh kgrhj mjnijh jtjs ([KMJ) ijh dgrupjbjh bgjijjh njwjt

ijrurjt yjhn sgrihn ii`udpji ii tijp rudjc sjbit ii sgeuruc iuhij tgrdjsub
Ahilhgsij. Vghijrjcjh ijpjt tgr`jii bjrghj pgkjchyj vjrisgs gslojnus, njstritis

grlsio jtju uebus pgptibud djhusij, sistgd pghkgrhjjh dghnlejc djbjhjh

jtju jsupjh
 yjhn djsub uhtub iiumjc dgh`jii zjt-zjt yjhn iipgreubjh legc tumuc.

Legc bjrghj itu, sistgd pghkgrhjjh yjhn tgriiri ijri lrnjh-lrnjh tgrsgmut cjrus

tgtjp tgr`jnj jnjr ijpjt dgh`jejhbjh ouhnsihyj sgkjrj lptidje (Mruhgr jhi

[uiijrt,

=6::).

=. Jhjtldi Oisilelni

Njdmjr =.:. sistgd pghkgrhjjh djhusij

[udmgr 0 ([kjhelh & [jhigrs, =6:> 0 ;>:)
Mgribut Jhjtldi Oisilelni [istgd Vghkgrhjjh Djhusij0
[jeurjh pghkgrhjjh dghgridj djbjhjh ijri eujr ijh dgdpgrsijpbjh
mjcjh djbjhjh uhtub iisgrjp legc tumuc ighnjh `jejh prlsgs

pghkgrhjjh (dghnuhyjc, dghgejh, ijh pghygrjpjh) ighnjh mjhtujh zjt kjir

yjhn tgrijpjt dueji ijri dueut sjdpji bg jhus. Ouhnsi utjdj sistgd

pghkgrhjjh jijejc dghygiijbjh zjt hutrusi yjhn suijc iikgrhj sgkrj

mgrbgsihjdmuhnjh uhtub iiiistrimusibjh bg ijejd sge dgejeui sirbuejsi ighnjh

uhsur-uhsur jir, gegbtrleit, ijh zjt nizi. [gmgeud zjt nizi ihi iisgrjp legc tumuc,

djbjhjh cjrus mgrngrjb sgpjh`jhn sjeurjh pghkgrhjjh. [udmgr 0 ([kjhelh &

[jhigrs, =6:>0 ;>:)

j. Dueut

Dgrupjbjh lrnjh pgrtjdj ijri sjeurjh pghkgrhjjh yjhn egtjbhyj

dgeujs ijri mimir sjdpji istidus ojusiud yjitu pgrmjtjsjh dueut ighnjh

ojrihn. Dueut tgriiri ijri mjnijh vgstimueud lris ijh bjvud lris prlpij.

^jbtu bitj dghnuhyjc nini dgdgkjc djbjhjh dgh`jii mjnijh bgkie-bgkie.

( A Nusti Jyu Yrijnustihj, =6:9 0 =9= )

m. Yghnnlrlbjh ( Ojrihn)

Jijejc lrnjh yjhn dghncumuhnbjh rlhnnj dueut

ighnjh bgrlhnblhnjh, pjh`jhnhyj º:= kd. Egtjbhyj tgnjb eurus jhtjrj

mjsis brjhii sgtihnni vgrtgmrj sgrvibjeis A_ bg mjwjc sgtihnni tuejhn rjwjh

bribliigj. Lrnjh yjhn tgrpghtihn iiijejd ojrihn jijejc tlhsie yjitu

budpuejh bgegh`gr eidog yjhn mjhyjb dghnjhiuhn eidolsit uhtub

dgdpgrtjcjhbjh tumuc
 tgrcjijp ihogbsi, dghyjrihn ijh dgdjtibjh mjbtgri/ dibrllrnjhisdg yjhn

djsub dgejeui `jejh pghkgrhjjh ijh pgrhjpjsjh. ( A Nusti Jyu Yrijnustihj,

=6:9 0 =9= )

k. Bgrlhnblhnjh (Gslojnus)

Bgrlhnblhnjh dgrupjbjh sjeurjh pghkgrhjjh sgtgejc dueut

ijh ojrihn, pjh`jhnhyj º=7 kd ighnjh plsisi dueji ijri tghnjc egcgr

sjdpji u`uhn mjwjc rlhnnj ijij ii mgejbjhn trjbgj. [gbrgsi

gslojnus mgrsiojt

dublii yjitu dgdmgri pgeudjs uhtub pgrngrjbjh djbjhjh

dgejeui gslojnus, pjij pgrjeicjh gslojnus bg ejdmuhn tgrijpjt soihntgr

bjriijb yjhn iimghtub legc ejpisjh ltlt sirbuegr gslojnus, Ngrjbjh

ihiejc yjhn

dgdmjhtu dghilrlhn djbjhjh ijri rlhnnj dueut bg ejdmuhn,

egmic burjhn sgejdj 6 igtib. ( A Nusti Jyu Yrijnustihj, =6:9 0 =9= )

i. Ejdmuhn

[gmujc bjhtlhn dusbuejr yjhn egtjbhyj jhtjrj gslojnus ijh usus

cjeus, sgmgejc biri jmildgh, iimjwjc iijorjndj mjnijh igpjh pjhbrgjs ijh

eidpj. Ejdmuhn dgrupjbjh sjeurjh yjhn ijpjt dghngdmjhn bjrghj

jijhyj ngrjbjh pgristjetib, tgrutjdj iiijgrjc gpinjstgr. _jrijsi ijri mghtub

ejdmuhn sgsuji ighnjh `udejc djbjhjh yjhn djsub, jijhyj ngeldmjhn

pgristjetib tgbjhjh lrnjh ejih, ijhh plstur tumuc.Ejdmuhn mgrouhnsi

sgmjnji nuijhn djbjhjh, yjhn mgrblhtrjbsi sgkjrj ritdib

uhtub

dghkjdpur djbjhjh ighnjh ghzid-ghzid. ( A Nusti Jyu Yrijnustihj, =6:9

0 =9= )
g. Wsus Cjeus

Wsus cjeus jtju usus bgkie jijejc mjnijh ijri sjeurjh pghkgrhjjh

yjhn mgrpjhnbje pjij pielrus ijh mgrjbcir pjij sgbud, pjh`jhnhyj º6 d

ijh dgrupjbjh sjeurjh pghkgrhjjh pjeihn pjh`jhn. Mghtub ijh susuhjhhyj

mgreipjt-eipjt dgeihnbjr, djbjhjh ijpjt djsub bjrghj jijhyj ngrjbjh yjhn

dgdmgribjh pgrdubjjh yjhn egmic eujs. Vjij u`uhn ijh

pjhnbjehyj tgrijpjt bjtup, ihtgstihud dihlr tgregtjb ijejd rlhnnj

jmildgh ijh iibgeieihni legc usus mgsjr. ([kjhelh & [jhigrs, =66> 0 ;>:)

Njdmjr =.= 0 Jhjtldi Wsus

[udmgr 0 ([kjhelh & [jhigrs, =6:> 0 ;>:)

 Wsus cjeus tgriiri ijri tinj mjnijh yjitu usus iuj mgejs `jri (iulighud),

usus blslhn (`g`uhud), ijh usus pghygrjpjh (iegud)

o. Wsus Mgsjr

Wsus mgsjr dgrupjbjh sjeurjh pghkgrhjjh mgrupj usus

 mgrpghjdpjhn eujs jtju mgriijdgtgr mgsjr ighnjh pjh`jhn :,7-:,> d ijh

mgrpghjdpjhn 7-6 d. Wsus. Wsus mgsjr tgriiri ijri 0 Blelh

jsghighs (bjhjh), Blelh trjhsvgrsud, Blelh igsghighs (biri).

Blelh sindlii (mgrcumuhnjh ighnjh rgbtud). Mjbtgri ii ijejd usus

mgsjr `unj mgrouhnsi dgdmujt zjt-zjt pghtihn, sgpgrti vitjdih B. Mjbtgri

ihi pghtihn uhtub ouhnsi hlrdje ijri usus. Mgmgrjpj pghyjbit sgrtj

jhtimiltib misj dghygmjmbjh njhnnujh pjij mjbtgri-mjbtgri iiijejd usus

mgsjr. Jbimjthyj tgr`jii iritjsi

yjhn misj dghygmjmbjh iibgeujrbjhhyj eghiir ijh jir, ijh tgr`jiiejc iijrg.0

([kjhelh & [jhigrs, =66> 0 ;>:)

Njdmjr =.; 0 Jhjtldi Wsus Mgsjr

[udmgrhyj 0 ([kjhelh & [jhigrs, =66> 0 ;>:)

n. Wsus Muhtu
Wsus muhtu jtju sgbud (Mjcjsj Ejtih0 kjgkus, ―mutj—) ijejd istiejc
 jhjtldi jijejc sujtu bjhtuhn yjhn tgrcumuhn pjij usus pghygrjpjh sgrtj

mjnijh blelh dghjh`jb ijri usus mgsjr. Lrnjh ihi iitgdubjh pjij djdjeij,

muruhn, ijh mgmgrjpj `ghis rgptie. [gmjnijh mgsjr cgrmivlrj dgdieibi sgbud

yjhn mgsjr, sgijhnbjh bjrhivlrj gbsbeusio dgdieibi sgbud yjhn bgkie,

yjhn sgmjnijh jtju sgeuruchyj iinjhtibjh legc udmji kjkihn.

c. Wdmji Kjkihn (Jppghiix)

Wdmji kjkihn jtju jpghiibs jijejc lrnjh tjdmjcjh pjij usus

muhtu. Ahogbsi pjij lrnjh ihi iisgmut jpghiisitis jtju rjijhn udmji kjkihn.

Jpghiisitis yjhn pjrjc ijpjt dghygmjmbjh jpghiibs pgkjc ijh dgdmghtub

hjhjc ii ijejd rlhnnj jmildgh jtju pgritlhitis (ihogbsi rlhnnj jmildgh).

Ijejd jhjtldi djhusij, udmji kjkihn jtju ijejd mjcjsj Ahnnris,

vgrdiolrd jppghiix (jtju cjhyj jppghiix) jijejc u`uhn muhtu tjmuhn yjhn

dghyjdmuhn ighnjh kjgkud. Wdmji kjkihn tgrmghtub ijri kjgkud pjij

tjcjp gdmril. Ijejd lrjhn igwjsj, Wdmji kjkihn mgruburjh sgbitjr :6 kd

tgtjpi misj mgrvjrijsi ijri = sjdpji =6 kd. ^jejupuh elbjsi jpghiibs sgejeu

tgtjp, elbjsi u`uhn udmji kjkihn misj mgrmgij ‛ mgij ii rgtrlkjgkje jtju ii

pihnnjhn (pgevis) yjhn `gejs tgtjp tgregtjb ii pgritlhgud. ([kjhelh &

[jhigrs, =66> 0 ;>:)

i. ]gbtud ijh jhus

]gbtud dgrupjbjh ejh`utjh ijri blelh sindlii

yjhn dghncumuhnbjh ihtgstihud djylr ighnjh jhus, pjh`jhnhyj :=

kd, iidueji ijri pgrtghnjcjh sjbrud sjdpji bjhjeis jhus. ]gbtud

tgregtjb ijejd rlhnnj pgevis iiigpjh ls sjbrud ijh ls blbsinis. Jhus

dgrupjbjh
 mjnijh ijri sjeurjh pghkgrhjjh yjhn mgrcumuhnjh ighnjh iuhij

eujr tgregtjb iiijsjr pgevis, iiiihiihnhyj iipgrbujt legc soihntgr jhi yjhn

tgriiri ijri 2 soihntgr jhi ihtgrhus, soihntgr egvjtlr jhi, soihntgr jhi gbstgrhus.

Igogbjsi jijejc cjsie rgoegbs. Jpjmiej mjcjh ogsg djsub bg ijejd

rgbtud, iihiihn rgbtud jbjh dgrgnjhn ijh dghidmuebjh idpues jogrgh

ii sjeurbjh dgejeui pegbsus dgsghtribussgcihnnj dghidmuebjh

ngeldmjhn

pgristjetib pjij blelh igsghigh ijh blelh sindlii jbjh dghilrlhn ogsgs

bg jrjc jhus. ( A Nusti Jyu Yrijnustihj, =6:9 0 =9= )

`. Vjhbrgjs

Vjhbrgjs dgrupjjbjh lrnjh euhjb yjhn mgr`jejh dirihn ijh

dghyiejhn iihiihn plstgrilr jmildgh pjij rgnil gpinjstriud, tgregtjb

iimgejbjhn ejdmuhn ijh tgrmghtjhn ijri iulighud sjdpji bg eidpj.

Vjhbrgjs dgrupjbjh bgegh`gr gbslrih ijh bgegh`gr ghilbrih. Bgeghg`r

gbslrih dghncjsiebjh sgbrgt yjhn dghnjhiuhn ghzid yjhn ijpjt

dghnciirleisis prltgih, egdjb ijh bjrmlciirjt. [gijhnbjh, bgegh`gr

ghilbrih dghncjsiebjh clrdlh ihsueih ijh neubjnlh yjhn dgdgnjhn

pgrjhjh pghtihn pjij dgtjmleisdg bjrmlciirjt. ( A Nusti Jyu Yrijnustihj,

=6:9 0 =9= )

b. Cjti

Cjti dgrupjbjh bgegh`gr jbsgslris tgrmgsjr ijejd tumuc mgrwjrhj

klbejt ighnjh mgrjt :666-:366 nrjd. Cjti tgregtjb iisgmgejc rlhnnj pgrut

mjnijh bjhjh jtjs iimjwjc iijorjndj. [gmjnijh mgsjr tgregtjb pjij

rgnilh ciplblhirij ighnjh rgnilh gpinjstriud. Cjti jijejc lrnjh yjhn

tgrmgsjr ii ijejd mjijh djhusij.( A Nusti Jyu Yrijnustihj, =6:9 0 =9= )

 e. Bjhiuhn Gdpgiu

Bjhiuhn gdpgiu (vgsibj ojeegj) jijejc bjhtlhn mgrmghtub mujc pir

yjhn tgregtjb pij pgrdubjjh visgrje iieiputi legc pgritlhgud bgkujei mjnijh

yjhn dgegbjt pjij cjti ijh tgregtjb pjij pgrdubjjh mjwjc cjti ii jhtjrj
elmus igbstrj ijh bjuijtus cjti. Lrnjh ihi tgrcumuhnbjh ighnjh cjti ijh

usus iuj mgejs `jri dgejeui sjeurjh gdpgiu. ( A Nusti Jyu Yrijnustihj,

=6:9 0 =9= )

;. Gtilelni

Cgdjtgdgsis tgr`jii miej jij pgrijrjcjh ii ijgrjc prlbsidje `g`ghud

ijh dgeghj ijpjt tgr`jii tgrsghiiri jtju mgrsjdj-sjdj ighnjh cgdjtgdgsis.

Vjeihn sgiibit tgr`jii pgrijrjcjh sgmjhyjb 76-:66 de. Mjhyjbhyj ijrjc yjhn

bgeujr sgejdj cgdjtgdgsis sueit iipjbji sgmjnji pjtlbjh uhtub dghiunj mgsjr

bgkiehyj

pgrijrjcjh sjeurjh djbjh mjnijh jtjs. Cgdjtgdgsis dgrupjbjh sujtu

bgjijjh yjhn njwjt ijh dgdgreubjh pgrjwjtjh sgngrj ii rudjc sjbit. Dghurut

(Hurjrio,

Jdih ibb. =6:7). Gtilelni ijri Cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj jijejc 0

j. Bgejihjh gslojnus

m. _jrisgs gslpcjnus

Vghigritj cgdjtgdgsis yhn iismjmbjhlegc pgkjchyj vjrisgs

gslpcjnus, tiijb dghngeuc rjsj hygri jtju pgiic ii gpinjstrud. Vjij

ududhyj siojt

pgrijrjcjh tidmue splhtjh ijh djssio. Ijrjc yjhn iiduhtjcbjh mgrwjrhj

bgcitjdcitjdjh ijh tiijb gdmgbu bjrghj suijc mgrkjdpur ighnjh jsjd

 ejdmuhn

k. Bjrsihldj gsclpjnus

Bjrshldj gsclpjnus sgrhn dgdmgriibjh bgeucjh dgeghj

irpij cgdjtgdgsis. Iisjdpihn dghngeuc iisojnij, mjijh dghnurus ijh

jhgdis,
 cjhyj sgsgbjei pghigritj duhtjc ijrjc ijh itu puh tiijb djssio.

i. [ihirldj Djeelry ‛ ^giss

[ujtu blhiisi yjhn iitjhiji ighnjh rlmgbjh pjij sgejput eghiir,

yjhn tgregtjb iimjwjc bgrlhnblhnh. ]lmgbjh tgrsgmut mijshyj eihgjr ijh

duhkue iipgrsidpjhnjh yjhn dghncumuhnbjh gslojnus ijh ejdmuhn,

rlmgbjh tgrsgmut rghtjh tcip pghijrjcjh. Mijsjhyj iisgmjmbjh bjrghj

tgrejeu sgrihn duhtjcduhtjc cgmjt ijh tgrusdghgrus.

g. Gslojnitis ijh tubjb gslpcjnus

Gslpcjnus miej sjdpji dghidmuebjh pgrijrjcjh egmic sgrihn ihtgrdittgh

jtju brlhis ijh mijsjhyj rihnjh, sgcihnnj egmic sgrihn tidmue dgeghj

ijripjij cgdjtgdgsis Yubjb ii gslpcjnus `jrjhn sgbjei

dghnjbimjtbjh

pgrijrjcjh `ibj iismjhiihnbjh ighnjh tubjb ejdmuhn ijh iulighud.

o. Gslojnlnjstritris blrlsivj

Vgrhjc iitgdubjh ghigritj wjhitj ijh prij yjhn duhtjc ijrjc sgtgejc

tiijb sghnj`j dgdihud jir bgrjs uhtub pjtri. Jir bgrjs tgrsgmut

dghnjhiuhn

jsjd sitrjt ijh jsjd CKe yjhn mgrsiojt blrlsio uhtub dublsj

dueut, gslocjnus ijh ejdmuhn. Vghigritj `unj dghngeuc hygri ijh pjhjs

sgpgrti tgrmjbjr ii dueut, ijij, ijh gpinjstrud.

n. Bgejihjh ii ejdmuhn

Njstritisgrislvjcgdlrjniibj, Cgdjtgdgsi tib djssio ijh tidmue sgtgejc

pghigritj dihud lmjtlmjtjh yjhn dghygmjmbjh iritjsi ejdmuhn. [gmgeud

duhtjc pghigritj dghngeuc hygri ueu cjti.

 c. Yubjb ejdmuhn

Vghigritj dghnjejdi iyspgpsij mgrupj duje, duhtjc, hygri ueu cjti ijh

sgmgeud cgdjtgdgsis iiijcueui rjsj hygri jtju pgiic ii gpinjstrud yjhn

mgrcumuhnjh inh djbjhjh. [iojt cgdjtgdgsis tiijb mgnitu djssio ijh

dgeghj egmic ildihjh ijri cgdjtgdgsis

i. Bjrsihldj ejdmuhn

Ahsiighsihyj `jrjhn, pjsigh ududhyj mgrlmjt ijejd ojsg ejh`ut

ighnjh bgeucjh rjsjjpgiic ijh hygri ii ueu cjti, rjsj kgpjt bghyjhn,

mjijh egdjc. @jrjhn dghnjejdi cgdjtgdgsis, tgtjpi sgrihn dgeghj.

9. Djhiogstjsi beihis

Dghurut (Hurjrio, Jdih ibb. =6:7) Ng`jej tgr`jii jbimjt pgrumjcjh

dlrolelni ijh egmic dghnnjdmjrbjh mgrjthyj bgrusjbjh yjhn tgr`jii ijri pjij
gtilelnihyj. Iiijpjtbjh ng`jej ijh tjhij sgmjnji mgribut 0

j. Ng`jej-ng`jej ihtgstihje yjhn tiijb bcjs sgpgrti jhlrgbsij, duje,

duhtjc ijh iijrg. Igdjd, mgrjt mjijh turuh, egbjs egejc, Jskitgs,

ciirjtlhjbs ijh gigdj

m. Abtgrus, bjijhnbjijhn urih dgh`jii egmic tuj wjrhjhyj jtju Bgklbejtjh

k. Cgdjtldgnjei, miej tgejc ejh`ut cjti ijpjt dghngkie bjrghj oimrlsis.

i. Cjti-cjti jbjh bgduhnbihjh tidmuehyj prgbldj ijh bldj cgpjtibud

g. Bgejihjh pgdmueuc ijrjc sgpgrti blejtgrjeblejtgrje iiiihiihn,

blput dgiusj, wjsir ijh vjrisgs gslojnus

o. Bgejihjh ghilbrih yjhn dgrupjbjh tjhij ijri cipgrgstrlnghisdg yjitu0

 Adpltghsinihgbldjstij, ciejhnhyj rjdmut jxiej ijh pumis.

7. Vjtloisilelni

j. Webus Vgptibud

Webus pgptibud tgr`jii tgrutjdj pjij dublsj njstrliulighje bjrghj

`jrihnjh ihi tiijb ijpjt dghjcjh bgr`j jsjd ejdmuhn pghkgrhjjh

(jsjd ciirlbelriij) ijh pgpsih. Grlsi yjhn tgr`jii mgrbjitjh

ighnjh

pghihnbjtjh blhsghtrjsi ijh bgr`j jsjd pgpsih, jtju mgrbghjjh ighnjh

pghuruhjh pgrtjcjhjh hlrdje ijri dublsj. Dublsj yjhn rusjb tiijb

ijpjt dghsgbrgsi dukus yjhn kubup mgrtihijb sgmjnji mjrigr tgrcjijp

jsjd belriij.

m. [gbrgsi ejdmuhn

[gbrgsi ejdmuhn tgr`jii pjij tinj ojsg yjhn sgrupj 0

:) Ojsg sgojeib yjitu 0 ojsg yjhn iidueji ighnjh rjhnsjhnjh sgpgrti

pjhijhnjh, mjju, jtju rjsj djbjhjh yhn mgbgr`j pjij rgsgptlrblrtibje

sgrgmrje yhn pjjij nieirjhhyj dgrjhnsjhn sjrjovjnje

=) Ojsg ejdmuhn, yjitu 0 pjij ojsg ejdmuhn iiegpjsbjh jsjd

ejdmuhn iiegpjsbjh sgmjnjiijbimjt iri rjhnsjhnjh bidijwi

ijh dgbjhis tgrcjijp rgsptlr ii iihiihn ejdmuhn, ijh

;) Ojsg usus, yjitu djbjhjh pjij usus cjeus dghygmjmbjh

pgegpjsjh clrdlh yhn pjij wjbtuhyj jbjh dgrjhnsjhn sgbrgsi

jsjd ejdmuhn.

k. Mjrigr dublsj ejdmuhn

Dgrupjbjh pgrtjcjhjh utjdj ejdmuhn tgcip pghkgrhjjh yhn

iiejbubjh ejdmuhn ituusghiiri. Ojbtlr ejih yjhn dgdpghnjruci

pgrtjcjhjh dublsj
 jiec supejiijrjjc , bgsgidmjhnjh jsjdd mjsj, ihtgnritjssgedublsjj ijh

rgnghgrsisggegpiitge. [gsglrjhn duhnbih jbjh dghnjejdi

uebusmpgptibud bjrghj sjtu ijri iuj ojbtlr ihi, yjitu 0

:) Cipgrmsgbrgsi jsjd edmuhn

=) Bgegdjcjh mjrigr dublsj ejdmuhn. Jpjpuh yjhn

dghuruhbjh

prliubsi dukus ejdmuhn jtju dgrusjb dublsj ejdmuhn

jijejc uesgrlnghib 2 sjeisiejt, lmjt jhti ihoejdjsi hlh stgrlii, jeklcle

ijh lmjt jhtiihoejdjsi

i. [ihirld Pleeihngr-Geeislh

[ihirld ihi iiiightioibjsi dgejeui tgdujh 0 cipgrsgbrgsi ngtjc

ejdmuhn, uebus iulighje, ijh njstrihldj ijejd pjhkrgjs.

g. Webus [trgs

Dgrupjbjh istiiejc yhn iimgribjh pji uesgrjsii dublsjee jbut

ijr iulighje jtju jrgjejdmuhn yjhn tgr`jii sgtgejc bg`jiijh pghuc

strgss sgkjrj oisilelnis. Bg`jiijh strgss disjehyj 2 eubj mjbjr, sylb,

sgpsis

mgrjt ijh trjudj lrnjh duetipge (Hurjrio, Jdih ibb. =6:7, Vigrkg

& Mllregy, =666)

^gm lo Kjutilh (^LK)
( Hurjoio, Jdih ibb. =6:7)

i. Vgdgribsjjh pghuh`jhn

:. Vgdgribsjjh tih`j

Dbrlsblpis ijh dibrlsblpis, pc ijh bjijr nuej `ibj iiiunj jij

ihtlegrjhsi nuej, mijbjh budjh uhtub dghkjri budjh pghygmjm ijh u`i
 rgsistghsi tgrcjijp mgrmjnji jhtimiltibj (pjij iijrg pgrsistgh).

=. Vgdgribsjjh ejmlrjtlriud

Vgdgribsjjh ejmlrjtlriud yjhn iijh`urbjh yjitu pgdgribsjjh ijrjc rutih

mgrupj cgdlnelmih, cgdjtlbrit, egublsit, trldmlsit, pgdgribsjjh

cgdlstjsis eghnbjp uhtub dghngtjcui jijhyj bgejihjh

cgdlstjsis,

pgdgribsjjh ouhnsi cjti uhtub dghuh`jhn jijhyj sirlsis cjti,

pgdgribsjjh ouhnsi nih`je uhtub dghyihnbirbjh jijhyj pghyjbit njnje

nih`je brlhis, pgdgribsjjh jijhyj ihogbsi Cgeiklmjktgr pyelri.

;. Vgdgribsjjh gslojnlnjstrliulighlsblpi

Dgrupjbjh pgdgribsjjh pghuh`jhn yjhn pjeihn pghtihn bjrghj ijpjt

dgdjstibjh iijnhlsis pgkjchyj vjrisgs gslojnus jtju pghygmjm

pgrijrjcjh ejihhyj ijri gslojnus, ejdmuhn ijh iulighud

9. Blhtrjs Mjriud (rjiilnrjoi)

Mgrdjhojjt uhtub dghghtubjh egsi pghygmjm pgrijrjcjh. Ahi iiejbubjh

jtjs ijsjr urnghsihyj ijh bgjijjh bgnjwjtjh.

7. Jhnilnrjoi

Mgrdjhojjt uhtub pjsigh-pjsigh ighnjh pgrijrjcjh sjeurjh kgrhj yjhn

tgrsgdmuhyi ijri visuje ghilsblpib.

(Hurjrio Jdih ibb =6:7)

ii. Vghjtjejbsjhjjh
j. Bgpgrjwjtjh

Vghnlmjtjh pghigritj pgrijrjcjh sjeurjh djbjh mjnijh jtjs cjrus sgiihi

duhnbih ijh sgmjibhyj iirjwjt ii rudjc sjbit uhtub dghijpjtbjh

pghnjwjsjh yhn tgeiti ijh pgrtlelhnjh yjhn egmic mjib. Vghnlmjtjh

dgeiputi 0

:) Yiirjc mjjrihn

=) Iiit djbjhjh euhjb

;) Vgdgribsjjh Cm, Ct

9) Vgdmgrijh trjhsousi ijrjc miej tgr`jii pgrijrjcjh eujs

7) Vgdmgrijh kjirjh A_ uhtub dghkgnjc igciirjsi

6) Vghnjwjsjh tci YI, H ijh bgsjijrjh miej pgreu pjsjhn K_V

>) Vgrtjcjhbjh bjijr Cm 76->6 % hieji hlrdje

3) Vgdmgrijh lmjt cgdlstjtib sgpgrti _it B

 1) Iiejbubjh beisdj ighnjh jir mijsj ijh pgdmgrijh jhtimiltib

yjhn tiijb iisgrjp usus

m. Dgiis

:) Vgdjsjhnjh mjelh [M Yumg

Iiejbubjh pgdjsjhnjh mjelh [M tumg uhtub pghigritj pgrijrjcjh

jbimjt pgkjchyjjvjrisgs. [gmjibhyj pgdjsjhnjh [M

tumg iiejbubjh sgsuijjc pghigritj tghjjhn ijh bllpgrjtio,

sgcihnnj

pghigritj ijpjt iimgritjcu ijh ii`gejsbjh djbhj pgdjbjijh

jejt tsm, kjrj pgdjsjhnjhhyj ijh bgduhnbihjh

 bgr`j ibutjh yjhn ijpjt tidmue pjij wjbtu ijh sgejdj

pgdjsjhnjh.

=) Yihijbjh lpgrjsi

Miej usjcjusjcj pghjhnnuejhnjh pgrijrjcjh iijtjs

dghnjejdi bgnjnjejjh ijh pgrijrjcjh tgtjp mgrejhnsuhn,

djbj ijpjt iiejbubjh tihijbjh lpgrjsi . Yihijbjh

lpgrjsi yjhn mjsj iiejbubjh jijejc 0 einjsi vjrisgs

gslojnus, trjhsgbsi gslojnus,

phtjsjjh plrtlbjvje. Lpgrjsi gogbtio iijh`urbjh sgtejc 6 dnn

pgrijrjcjh mgrcghti ijh ouhnsi cjti dgdmib.

(Hurjrio, Jdih ibb. =6:7)

iii. Bldpeibjsi

Dghurut Vridjhiegij, =661. Bldpeibjsi Cgdjtgdgsis Dgeghj jhtjrj ejih 0

j. [ylb ciplvlegdib

Iisgmut `unj ighnjh sylb prgelji yhn iitjhiji ighnjh dghuruhhyj

vleudg ihtrjvjsbuegr legc bjrghj pgrijrjcjh. Ijpjt tgr`jii bjrghj

 bgciejhnjh kjirjh tumuc yjhn ejih. Dghuruhhyj vleudg ihtrjvjsbuegr

dghygmjmbjh pghuruhjh vleudg ihtrjvghtribge. Njnje nih`je jbut Ygr`jii

sgmjnji jbimjt ijri sylb yjhn tiijb tgrjtjsi ighnjh mjib.

Whtub dghkgnjc njnje nih`je djbj sgtgejc sylb iilmjti

ighnjh dghnnjhtibjh vleudg ihtrjvjsbuegr.

m. Jhgdij bjrghj pgrijrjcjh.

Jhgdij bjrghj pgrijrjcjh jijejc mgrburjhnhyj `udejc sge ijrjc dgrjc

jtju `udejc cgdlnelmih.

 Vgrijrjcjh cgmjt dgrupjbjh pghygmjm tgrsgrihn ijri jhgdij. @ibj

bgciejhnjh ijrjc, tumuc sgngrj dghjrib kjirjh ijri `jrihnjh iieujr

pgdmueuc ijrjc sgmjnji usjcj uhtub dgh`jnj jnjr pgdmueuc ijrjc tgtjp

tgrisi. Jbimjthyj ijrjc dgh`jii ghkgr ijh pgrsghtjsg sge ijrjc dgrjc

mgrburjhn.

k. Bldj cgpjtib

[ujtu sihirldmhgurlpsibijtrib yjhn iithiji ighnh pgrumjcjh bgsjijrjh,

ihtgegbtuje, ijh bgejihjh hgurlelnis yhn dghygrtji

bgejihjh

pjrghbidmcjti.

i. Jspirjsi phgudlhi

Ahogbsi pjru yjhn tgr`jii jbimjt kjirjh yjhn djsub bg sjeurjh hjpjs.

g. Jhgdi plstcgdlrjnib

Bgciejhnjh ijrjc yjhn dghijijb ijh tiijb iisjijri.

o. J[WCJH BGVG]J^JYJH YGL]AYA[

i. Vghnbj`ijh

J. Aightitjs Vjsigh

Hjdj/ Ahisije, Wdur, @ghis Bgejdih, [tjtus, Vgbgr`jjh,

Vghiiiibjh, Jejdjt, Hl. D], Yjhnnje Djsub, Yjhnnje Vghnbj`ijh,

Jnjdj, ijh Ix. Dgiis

Vghjhnnuhn @jwjm

Hjdj, Wdur , Cum. Bgeujrjnj, ijh Vgbgr`jjh

M. Jejsjh Djsub

Mijsjhyj bgeucjh utjdj pjsigh jijejc duhtjc ijrjc jtju mgrjb

ijrjc yjhn ijtjhn sgkjrj timj-timj, pjsigh mijsjhyj dghngeuc mjijh

tgrjsj egdjs ijh bgpjej pusihn

K. ]iwjyjt Bgsgcjtjh

:) ]iwjyjt Bgsgcjtjh [gbjrjhn

Mijsjhyj tjdpjb egdjs, bgpjej pusihn, ijh egtic.

Vjsigh tjdpjb pukjt ijh egdjc, dublsj dueut tjdpjb bgrihn.

Vjsigh ii ejbubjh jhjdhgsj ijh iiejbubjh pgrjwjtjh.

=) ]iwjyjt Bgsgcjtjh Ijcueu

 Mijsjhyj pjsigh dgdpuhyji riwjyjt pghyjbit cgpjtitis brlhis,

sirlsis cgpjtitis, jhgdij, uebus pgptibud, bjhbgr

sjeurjh

pghkgrhjjh mjnijh jtjs, riwjyjt pghyjbit ijrjc (disje 0

ID), riwjyjt pghnnuhjjh lmjtuesgrlrnghib, bgmijsjjh / njyj

ciiup (jeblcleisdg, njyj ciiup / bgmijsjjh djbjh).

;) ]iwjyjt Bgsgcjtjh Bgeujrnj

Mijsjhyj jpjmiej sjejc sjtu jhnnltj bgeujrnjhyj dgdpuhyji

bgmijsjjh djbjh yjhn ijpjt dgdiku tgr`jiihyj

cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj, djbj ijpjt dgdpghnjruci jhnnltj

bgeujrnj yjhn ejih.

I. Vgdgribsjjh Oisib

Bgsjijrjh 0 Mijsjhyj Kldpls Dghtis

NK[ 0 G9 0 pjsigh dgdmubj djtj sgkjrj splhtjh

 _7 0 pjsigh mgrlrightjsi mjib, ijh mikjrj `gejs

D6 0 pjsigh dghnibuti pgrihtjc ighnjh mjib

Yjhij _itje 0 YI 0 :=6/ 36 ddCn [ 0 ;6 K

V 0 ==S/ Dghit H 0 36x/ Dghit

:. Bgpjej
j. ]jdmut

A 0 Mghtub bgpjej (muejt/elh`lhn/mgh`le/mgsjr/bgkie,

sidgtris/ tiijb),

bueit bjpjej (jij eubj/tiijb, mgrsic/bltlr, mgrumjh/tiijb, jij

bgtldmg/tiijb)

V 0 jijbjc mgh`lejh/tiijb, jij hygri tgbjh/tiijb

m. Djtj

A 0 bgsidgtrisjh djtj beigh (sidgtris/tiijb), jijbjc

gigdj, blh`uhntivj (pukjt/tiijb), sbegrj (ibtgrib/tiijb),

rgoegbs pupie tgrcjijp kjcjyj (mjib/tiijb), ngrjbjh mlej djtj

(hlrdje/tiijb). V

0 Jij hygri tgbjh (iyj/tiijb)

k. Ygeihnj

A 0 Mghtub tgeihnj (sidgtris/tiijb), jij sgrudgh/tiijb, jij

mghij jsihn/tiijb, jij pgrijrjcjh/tiijb, pghighnjrjh mjib/tiijb,

V 0 jij hygri tgbjh (iyj/tiijb)

i. Ciiuhn
A 0 Ciiuhn tjdpjb sidgtris/tiijb, mgrsic/tiijb jij sgkrgt/tiijb,

jij pleip/tiijb, jij pgrijrjcjh/tiijb, pghkiudjh mjib/tiijb.

V 0 Jij hygri tgbjh (iyj/tiijb)
 g. Dueut ijh Nini

A 0 Bgjijjh mimir pjsigh kyjhlsis/tiijb, bgrihn,tiijb, jij

eubj/tiijb, jijbjc ejmilskcizis/tiijb, dueut pjsigh mgrsic/tiijb,

pjsigh dghnnuhjbjh nini pjesu/tiijb, jij rjijhn nusi/tiijb, jij

pgrijrjcjh/tiijb.

=. Egcgr

A 0 Vlsisi trjkcgj sidgtris/tiijb, wjrhj bueit egcgr dgrjtj/tiijb

V 0 Jij pgdmgsjrjh bgegh`gr tyrlii/tiijb, jij

pgdmgsjrjh bgegh`gr eidog/tiijb

;. Yclrjb

j. Vjru-pjru

A 0 Duhnbih Mghtub ijij pjij pjsigh ighnjh

cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj hlrdje, bj`i pgrhjojsjh pjsigh, orgbughsi

jijhyj tjhij- tjhij iisphgu, rgjbsi ihtgrklstjg, rgjbsi

suprjstgrhje, pgrhjojsjh
kupihn ciiuhn, lrtlphgj.
 V 0 Bj`i Jij hygri tgbjh (iyj,tiijb), jij tjhij-tjhij pgrjijhnjh

(jij/tiijb), gbspjhsi sidgtris/tiijb, tjbtie vrgditus tgrjmj/tiijb.

V 0 Vgrbusi pgrtjdj iiejbubjh ii jtjs bjevibuej ighnjrbjh jpjbjc

tgr`jii sujrj rgslhjh (slhlr), iueehgs (pgbjb), tidpjhi, cipgr

rgslhjh, sujrj pjru yjhn hlrdje rgslhjh/slhlr.

J 0 Muhyi hjojs hlrdje/tiijb, jij muhyi hjojs tjdmjcjh/tiijb,

jij wcggzihn/tiijb, jij rlhkci/tiijb

m. @jhtuhn

A 0 Mghtub ijh plstur ijij sidgtris/tiijb, jij tjhij-tjhij iistrgss

pgrhjojsjh/tiijb, wjrhj bueit sjdj ighnjh yjhn ejih/tiijb, gigdj

jij/tiijb

V 0 Ighyutjh jpgx klriis tgrjmj/tiijb

V 0 Mijsjhyj [ujrj pgbjb

J 0 Mijsjhyj Ygrighnjr muhyi `jhtuhn A/[: (eum) ijh muhyi

`jhtuhn AA/[= (iup), tiijb jij muhyi `jhtuhn tjdmjcjh [;/[9

9. Jmildgh

A 0 Jij egsi/tiijb, jij mgbjs lpgrjsi/tiijb, ijh wjrhj bueit

dgrjtj/tiijb

V 0 Ygrijpjt hygri tgbjh jij/tiijb V

0 Mijsjhyj tgrighnjr Yydpjhi

 J 0 Mijsjhyj Misihn usus hlrdje

7. Vuhnnuhn

A 0 Vuhnnuhn sidgtris/tiijb, jij egsi/tiijb, ijh wjrhj

bueit dgrjtj/tiijb, jij mgbjs eubj/tiijb

V 0 Jij hygri tgbjh/tiijb

6. Gbtrgditjs

j. Jtjs

A 0 [idgtris biri ijh bjhjh jtju tiijb, ihtgnritjs bueit

mjib/tiijb, bgbujtjh ltlt pghuc/tiijb, jij egsi jtju tiijb, jij gigdj
jtju tiijb

m. Mjwjc

A 0 [idgtris biri ijh bjhjh jtju tiijb, ihtgnritjs bueit mjib jtju

tiijb, bgbujtjh ltlt pghuc jtju tiijb, jij egsi jtju tiijb, jij

gigdj jtju tiijb

>. Nghgtjeij

A 0 Jpjbjc pjsigh tgrpjsjhn bjtgtgr jtju tiijb, uhtub dghngtjcui

jijhyj jmhlrdjeitjs pjij nghgtjeij disjehyj vjrisgs,

gigdj, tudlr/mgh`lejh, ihogbsi, eubj jtju iritjsi, pgngeujrjh

kjirjh jtju ijrjc.

3. Ahtgnudgh

A 0 ^jrhj jtju jijhyj pgrumjcjh pindghtjsi pjij bueit, wjrhj

bueit dgrjtj jtju tiijb, jij egsi jtju tiijb, jij rujd pjij bueit jtju

tiijb, ijh jij `g`js jtju tiijb.

G. Vghnbj`ijh Vlej nlrilh

Vlej-plej ouhnsi bgsgcjtjh

:. Vlej pgrspsi ijh tjtj ejbsjhj ciiup sgcjt

Mijsjhyj beigh dgdpuhyji bgmijsjjh jeblcleisdg,

pghnuhjjh lmjt-lmjt uesgrlnghib

=. Vlej hutrisi ijh dgtjmleisdg

 Ygr`jii pgrumjcjh bjrghj jijhyj bgeucjh pjsigh mgrupj duje,

duhtjc, bgdmuhn, ijh hjosu djbjh dghuruh, ijh ihtjbg hutrisi

cjrus ijjd mghtub djbjhjh yjhn euhjb yjhn duijc iikgrhj

;. Vlej jbtivitjs ijh ejticjh

Njhnnujh jbtivitjs jtju bgmutucjh istirjcjt, bgburjhnjh prltgih

(cyirlprltgih) yjhn ijpjt dghygmjmbjh bgeucjh sum`gbtio pjij

pjsigh mgrupj bgegdjcjh ltlt ijh bgegejcjh, sgcihnnj

jbtivitjs sgcjri-cjri tgrdjsub pgbgr`jjh cjrus iimjtjsi jtju cjrus

mgrcghti
mgbgr`j

9. Vlej geidihjsi

Vlej geidihjsi dghnjejdi njhnnujh,mjib MJB djupuh MJM. Vij

MJM tgr`jii blhstipjsi jtju iijrg. Vgrumjcjh wjrhj ogsgs

 dgh`jii citjd sgpgrti pgtis, blhsistghsi pgbjt. [gijhnbjh pjij

MJB, wjrhj ngejp ijh blhsistghsi pgbjt.

7. Vlej tiiur ijh istirjcjt

Ygr`jii pgrumjcjh tghtjhn njdmjrjh iirihyj sgpgrti mjijh

dgh`jii burus, pgrut dgdmgsjr bjrghj jskitgs ijh

bueit dghngrihn, mgrsisib jnjb bgcitjdjh.

6. Vlej cumuhnjh pgrjh

Ighnjh jijhyj pgrjwjtjh yjhn ejdj djbjh jbjh tgr`jii

 cjdmjtjh ijejd dgh`jejhbjh pgrjhhyj sgpgrti sgduej.

>. Vlej rgprliubsi sgbsuje

Jbjh tgr`jii pgrmjcjh bjrghj bgtiijbsgidmjhnjh

clrdlh, jhirlngh ijh gstrlngh, miej tgr`jii pjij egejbi

(sujdi) ijpjt dghygmjmbjh pghuruhjh eimiil ijh idpltgh,

miej tgr`jii pjij

wjhitj (istri) dghygmjmbjh njhnnujh pjij sibeus cjii jtju

ijpjt tgr`jii jdihlrg ijh cje ihi tghtu sj`j dgdpghnjruci
pjsigh

sgmjnji pjsjhnjh sujdi ijh istri.

3. Vlej pghjnnuejhnjh strgs

Mijsjhyj pjsigh ighnjh blpihn strgs yjhn mjib, djbj ijpjt

dghnjtjsi djsjejchyj hjduh sgmjeibhyj mjni pjsigh yjhn tiijb

mjnus blpihnhyj djbj pjsigh ijpjt igstrubtio eihnbuhnjh

sgbitjrhyj.

1. Vlej tjtj hieji ijh bgpgrkjyjjh

Vjij plej ihi tiijb tgr`jii njhnnujh pjij beigh.

O. Vgdgribsjjh pghuh`jhn

:. Vgdgribsjjh ]jiilelnib

Vgdgribsjjh rjiilelnib iiejbubjh ighnjh pgdgribsjjh gslojnlnrjd

 uhtub ijgrjc gslojnus ijh iitgrusbjh ighnjh pgdgribsjjh ilumeg

klhtrjst pjij ejdmuhn ijh iulighud. Vgdgribsjjh

tgrsgmut iiejbubjh pjij mgrmjnji plsisi tgrutjdj pjij ijgrjc

:/; iistje gslojnus, bjriij ijh ouhius ejdmuhn uhtub dghkjri

jij/tiijbhyj vjrisgs.

=. Vgdgribsjjh Ghilsblpib

Ighnjh jijhyj mgrmjnji djkjd tipg oimgrghilsblp, djbj

pgdgribsjjh sgkjrj ghilsblpib dgh`jii sjhnjt pghtihn uhtub

dghghtubjh ighnjh tgpjt tgdpjt jsje ijh sudmgr pgrijrjcjh.

Bguhtuhnjh ejih ijri pgdgribsjjh ghilsblpib jijejc ijpjt iiejbubjh

pghnjdmiejh oltl uhtub ilbudghtjsi, jspirjsi kjirjh, ijh milpsi

uhtub pgdgribsjjh sitlpjtlelnib.

;. Vgdgribsjjh Wetrjslhlnrjoi ijh skjhhihn cjti

Whtub pgdgribsjjh uetrjslhlnrjoi ijh skjhhihn cjti

ijpjt dghigtgbsi pghyjbit cjti brlhib sgpgrti sirlsis cjti yjhn

duhnbih sgmjnji pghygmjm pgrijrjcjh sjeurjh djbjh mjnijh jtjs.

N. Jhjeisj ijtj
Vrlsgs jhjeisj dgrupjbjh mjnijh tgrjbcir ijri tjcjp pghnbj`ijh

sgtgejc iiejbubjh pghnudpuejh ijtj ijh vjeiijsi ijtj ighnjh

dghniightioibjsi plej jtju djsjejc yjhn dghnjejdi njhnnujh

 yjhn iidueji ijri pghnbj`ijh plej ouhnsi bgsgcjtjh (Ciijyjt,

=6630:69)

ii. Iijnhlsj Bgpgrjwjtjh

Iijnhlsj bgpgrjwjtjh jijejc prlsgs dghnjhjeisis ijtj sum`gbtio ijh ijtj

lm`gbtio yjhn tgejc iipgrlegc pjij tjcjp pgghnbj`ijh uhtub dghgnjbbjh

iijnhlsis bgpgrjwjtjh. Iijnhlsis bgpgrjwjtjh dgeimjtbjh prlsgs mgrpibir

bldpegb tghtjhn ijtj yjhn iibudpuebjh ijri pjsigh, bgeujrnj, rgbjd dgiib,

ijh pgdmgri ejyjhjh bgsgcjtjh ejih. Jijpuh tjcjpjhhyj yjitu 0

j. Dghnjhjeisis ijh dghnihtgrprgtjsi ijtj

m. Dghniightioibjsi djsjejc pjsigh

k. Dgrudusbjh djsjejc pjsigh

i. Dghilbudghtjsibjh iijnhlsj bgpgrjwjtjh

Dghurut [tjhijrt Iijnhlsis Bgpgrjwjtjh Ahilhgsij ([IBA) Yjcuh =6:3

iijnhlsj yjhn sgrihn duhkue pjij pjsigh cgdjtgdgsis dgeghj, jijejc 0

:. Vlej hjojs tiijb gogbtio m.i pghuruhjh gbspjhsi pjru

=. ]gsibl ciplvlegdij m.i bgciejhnjh kjirjh sgkjrj jbtio

;. Bgburjhnjh vleudg kjirjh m.i pghngeujrjh ijrjc yjhn mjhyjb ijh

pgdjsubjh tiijb jigbujt

9. Vgrousi pgriogr tiijb gogbtio m.i pghuruhjh blhsghtrjsi cgdlnelmih

7. I goisit hutrisi m.i bgtiijbdjdpujh dghkgrhj djbjhjh

6. Vgriejbu bgsgcjtjh kghiruhn mgrisibl m.i burjhn tgrpjpjr iholrdjsi

>. Ahtleghrjhsi jbtivitjs m.i bgegdjcjh

iii. ]ghkjhj tihijbjh/ Ahtgrvghsi

 Yjmge =.= rghkjhj tihijbjh/ ihtgrvghsi tglritis

HLIAJNHL[J YW@WJ AHYG]_GH[A

H
:. Vlejhjojs[gtgejc iiejbubjhLmsgrvjsi 0

tiijb gogbtio tihijbjh bgpgrjwjtjh

m.i plsisi:x=9`jdiicjrjpbjh dlhitlr plej hjojs

pgrousipgriogrgogbtio orgb, bgijejdjh,

tumu yjhnBC0 sjcj hjpjs)

c
dghncjdmjt Vghnnuhjjh ltlt dlhitlr muhyi hjpjs

gbspjhsi pjru mjhtu hjpjs tjdmjcjh (dis.

sgijhn Nurneihn
,
Vgdjh`jhnjh ojsg dghni,wcggzihn,rlhk

gbspirjsi sgijhn ci bgrihn)

Vgrhjojsjh Ygrjpgutib
0
kupihn ciiuhn

sgijhn pgrtjcjhbjh

Orgbughsihjpjs bgpjtghjh `jejh

sgijhn hjpjs

Bgijejdjh hjpjs plsisibjh sgdi olwegr

sgijhn jtju olwegr

ejbubjh oisiltgrjpi

ijij
 ejbubjh suktilh, `ibj

pgreu

mgribjh lbsingh, `ibj

pgreu

Giubjsi 0

Jh`urbjh jsupjh
 kjirjh =666de/cjri

J`jrbjh tgbhib mjtub

gogbtio

Blejmlrjsi 0

Blejmlrjsi

pgdmgrijh

mrlhbliiejtlr,

gbspgbtlrjh,

dubleitib, `ibj pgreu

=. ]gsibl [gtgejc iiejbubjhLmsgrvjsi 0

ciplvlegdij tihijbjh bgpgrjwjtjh

m.i bgciejhnjh:x=9 `jd iicjrjpbjh Vgribsj tjhij ijh

kjirjh sgkjrjbgmutucjh hutrisi ng`jej ciplvlegdij

jbtio tgrkubupi (dis. Orgb hjii

BC0 dghihnbjt, hjii

 tgrjmj egdjc, YI

Bgbujtjh hjii dghuruh, dgdmrjh

sgijhn dublsj bgrihn )

Yurnlr bueit Dlhitlr ihtjbg

sgijhn lutput kjirjh

Vghnisijh vghj Ygrjpgutib 0

sgijhn

Ahtjbg kjirjh Cituhn bgmutucjh

sgijhn kjirjh

[ucu tumuc Mgribjh plsisi

dliioigi
 sgijhn trghigeghmurn

Dgdmrjh dublsj Mgribjh jsupjh

sgijhn kjirjh lrje

Giubjsi 0

Jh`urbjh

dgdpgrmjhyjb

jsupjh kjirjh lrje

Jh`urbjh

dghncihijri

pgrumjcjh plsisi
 dghijijb

Blejmlrjsi 0

Blejmlrjsi

pgdmgrijh kjirjh A_

isltlhis (dis.

HjKe,]E)

Blejmlrjsi

pgdmgrijh kjirjh A_

cipltlhis (dis.

Neublsj =,7%, HjKe

6,9%)

Blejmlrjsi

pgdmgrijh prliub

ijrjc
;. Ahtlegrjhsi [gtgejc iiejbubjhLmsgrvjsi 0

jbtivitjs m.itihijbjh bgpgrjwjtjh

bgegdjcjh :x=9 `jd iicjrjpbjh Aightioibjsi njhnnujh

bgdjdpujh ijejd ouhnsitumucyjhn

dghnumjc njyj ciiup/ dghnjbimjtbjh

pgriejbu uhtub bgegejcjh

dgdpgrmjibi stjtus Dlhitlr bgegejcjh

bgsgcjtjh oisib

BC0 Dlhitlr plej ijh `jd

tiiur

Bgduijcjh Ygrjpgutib 0

dgejbubjh

jbtivitjs sgcjri- [giijbjh eihnbuhnjh

cjri kubup hyjdjh ijh rghijc

dghihnbjt stidueus

Bgbujtjh tumuc Ejbubjh ejticjh

mjnijh jtjs

kubup dghihnbjt rghtjhn ngrjb

Bgbujtjh tumuc pjsio/jbtio

mjnijh mjwjc Mgribjh jbtivitjs

kubup dghihnbjt

Bgkgpjtjh iistrjbsi yjhn

mgr`jejh sgijhn dghghjhnbjh

Giubjsi 0

Jh`urbjh tirjc mjrihn

Jh`urbjh dgejbubjh
mgrtjcjp
 J`jrbjh strjtgni

blpihn uhtub

dghnurjhni

bgegejcjh

Blejmlrjsi 0

Blejmlrjsi ighnjh

jcei nizi tghtjhn kjrj

dghihnbjtbjh jsupjh

djbjhjh

iv. Adpegdghtjsi

Adpegdghtjsi bgpgrjwjtjh jijejc bjtgnlri ijri pgriejbu bgpgrjwjtjh,

iidjhj pgrjwjt dgejbubjh tihijbjh yjhn pgreu uhtub dghkjpji tu`ujh ijh

cjsie yjhn iipgrbirjbjh ijrri jsucjh bgpgrjwjtjh. Adpegdghtjsi bgpgrjwjtjh

jijejc sgrjhnbjijh bgnijtjh yjhn iiejbubjh legc pgrjwjt uhtub dgdmjhtu

pjsigh ijri djsjejc stjtus bgsgcjtjh yjhn iicjijpi bg stjtus bgsgcjtjh

yjhn egmic mjib yjhn dghnnjdmjrbjh britgrij cjsie yjhn

iicjrjpbjh. @jii idpegdghtjsi bgpgrjwjtjh jijejc bjtgnlri

sgrjhnbjijh pgriejbu pgrjwjt

mgrbllriihjsi ighnjh pjsigh, bgeujrnj, ijh jhnnltj tid bgsgcjtjh ejih uhtub

dgdmjhtu djsjejc bgpgrjwjtjh pjsigh yjhn sgsuji ighnjh pgrghkjhjjh ijh

britgrij cjsie yjhn tgejc iitghtubjh ighnjh kjrj dghnjwjsi ijh dghkjtjt

rgsplh pjsigh tgrcjijp tihijbjh bgpgrjwjtjh yjhn tgejc iiejbubjh. (Vlttgr &

Vgrry, =6:6)