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COURSE CONTENT
CEIR11  Properties and uses of construction materials - stones, bricks, cement, concrete and steel.

BASICS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING  Site selection for buildings - Component of building - Foundation- Shallow and deep foundations -
Brick and stone masonry - Plastering - Lintels, beams and columns - Roofs.
LECTURE 1
 Roads-Classification of Rural and urban Roads- Pavement Materials-Traffic signs and road Marking-
INTRODUCTION Traffic Signals.

 Surveying – Classification - Chain Survey - Ranging - Compass Survey - exhibition of different survey
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equipment.

 Sources of Water – Dams - Water Supply - Quality of Water - Wastewater Treatment – Sea Water
Dr. Greegar George Intrusion – Recharge of Ground Water.
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli
Email: greegar@nitt.edu 15.11.2022 LECTURE 1 | INTRODUCTION | BASICS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING 2

Assessment Methodology

S.No. Mode of Assessment Weightage • One compensation assessment for absentees in assessments (other than final assessment) will be conducted.
Schedule
1 Assessment 1 (Module 1) 15 • Only genuine cases of absence shall be considered for compensation assessment.
Monday (4.20 PM - 5.10 PM ) and
2 Assessment 2 (Module 2 & 3) 15
Tuesday (2.30 PM - 3.20 PM) • At least 75% attendance in each course is mandatory.
3 Assignments 20
• Students with less than 65% of attendance shall be prevented from writing the final assessment and shall be
4 Quizzes 20
5 Final Assessment 30 awarded 'V' grade
Total 100

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Some structural marvels Some structural marvels

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Japan

Statue of Unity, India
Millau Viaduct, France
Burj Khalifa, Dubai
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Some structural marvels

Idukki Dam in Kerala, India
 Double curvature Arch dam
 Constructed across the Periyar River between two granite
hills locally known as Kuravan and Kurathi in Kerala, India.
 Highest arch dam in Asia
 Height : 168.91 m (554 ft)
 Length : 365.85 m (1200 ft)
 Dam volume : 450,000 m3

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Branches of Civil Engineering Structural Engineering

 Structural engineering is the science and art of designing and making, with
 Structural Engineering
economy and elegance, buildings, bridges, frameworks, and other structures so
 Construction Engineering
that they can safely resist the forces to which they may be subjected.
 Environmental Engineering
 Geotechnical Engineering
 Transportation Engineering  Structural engineering depends upon a detailed knowledge of applied

 Water Resources Engineering mechanics, materials science, and applied mathematics to understand and
 Surveying predict how structures support and resist self-weight and imposed loads.

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Geotechnical Engineering Transportation Engineering

 This deals with the rock and soil that civil engineering systems are supported by.
 Knowledge from the fields of geology, material science and testing, mechanics, and
hydraulics are applied by geotechnical engineers to safely and economically
design foundations, retaining walls, and similar structures.
 This is concerned with moving people and goods efficiently, safely, and in a manner
conducive to a vibrant community.
 This involves specifying, designing, constructing and maintaining transportation
infrastructure which includes streets, canals, highways, rail systems, airports, ports,
and mass transit.
 It includes areas such as transportation design, transportation planning, traffic
engineering, some aspects of urban engineering, pavement engineering, Intelligent
Transportation System (ITS), and infrastructure management.

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Water Resources Engineering Construction Engineering

 Water resources engineering is concerned with the collection and management of water.
 It combines hydrology, environmental science, meteorology, geology, conservation, and
resource management.
 This area of civil engineering relates to the prediction and management of both the quality
and the quantity of water in both underground (aquifers) and above ground (lakes, rivers,
and streams) resources.
 Water resource engineers analyze and model very small to very large areas of the earth to
predict the amount and content of water as it flows into, through, or out of a facility.
 This involves planning and execution of the designs from transportation, site
development, hydraulic, environmental, structural and geotechnical engineers.
 As construction firms tend to have higher business risk than other types of civil
engineering firms, many construction engineers tend to take on a role that is more
business-like in nature: drafting and reviewing contracts, evaluating logistical
operations, and closely monitoring prices of necessary supplies.

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Environmental Engineering Surveying

 This deals with the treatment of chemical, biological and/or thermal waste, the
purification of water and air, and the remediation of contaminated sites, due to
prior waste disposal or accidental contamination.
 Surveying is the process by which a surveyor measures certain dimensions that generally
occur on the surface of the Earth.
 Surveying equipment, are used for accurate measurement of angular deviation, horizontal,

vertical and slope distances.

 The topics covered by environmental engineering includes pollutant transport,
water purification, waste water treatment, air pollution, solid waste treatment and
hazardous waste management.
 This information is crucial to convert the data into a graphical representation of the Earth's
surface, in the form of a map. This information is then used by civil engineers, contractors and
even realtors to design from, build on, and trade, respectively.

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What is a structure? Components of a building

 Within the context of the built environment, the
term ‘structure’ refers to anything that is
constructed or built from interrelated parts with a
fixed location on the ground.

Beams
 This includes buildings, but can refer to any body Slabs
that is designed to bear loads, even if it is not Columns
intended to be occupied by people (often referred
as 'non-building' structures – such as bridges, Beams
tunnels, and so on).

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Transmission of loads in a structure Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Beam

• Longitudinal bar
• Vertical stirrup

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Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Beam Role of a Structural Engineer

 Structural engineers design structures that must endure stresses and pressures inflicted through
human use and environmental conditions.
 They are involved in
 configuring structures, preparing reports, designs, and drawings,
 making calculations about pressures, loads, and stresses ,
 choosing appropriate building material,
 inspecting the construction work,
 using computer-aided design technology for simulation purposes, and
 ensuring the structural soundness of buildings and structures.

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Skills required for a Structural Engineer Types of Stresses in Engineering

 Analytical skills
 Detail orientation
 Creativity
 Strong interpersonal skills
 Communication skills
 Proficiency with CAD software application like AutoCAD and RISA
 Excellent computer skills
 Knowledge of construction management
 Familiarity with codes and regulations specific with the industry.
 Up-to-date technical skills

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Examples of structural failures Examples of structural failures

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Structural Engineering Structural Engineers in other domains

 Structural engineering is concerned with the structural design and structural analysis  Aerospace Engineering
 Medical Science (Biomedical Engineering)
of buildings, bridges, towers, flyovers, tunnels, off shore structures like oil and gas
 Robotics
fields in the sea, and other structures.
 Defense technology

 This involves identifying the loads which act upon a structure and the forces and
stresses which arise within that structure due to those loads, and then designing the New trends in Structural Engineering
• Probabilistic Assessment of Structures
structure to successfully support and resist those loads. • Composites
• Weight reduction topology optimization
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Structural Health Monitoring

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