GNK 288

2020

HEAD AND NECK Thando Jadezweni

2.6. CRANIUM CONTENTS AND Email:u14197988@tuks.co.za
PARANASAL SINUSES
OBJECTIVES
•Discuss the structures and openings found in the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
(you can use a diagram to highlight your answer)
•List each dural venous sinus, how they are connected as well as with which
dural reflection each is associated (if relevant)
•Draw an annotated diagram of a coronal section through the cavernous sinus
•What are the contents of the cavernous sinus and which can be found within
the sinus and which can be found running in the lateral wall of the sinus?
•List the cisterns and the relationship of each with the CNS
SINUSES I Air filled cavity for lighter skull
1 voice vesonation

art
i
is 3
S
LATERAL WALL OF NASAL CAVITY

P d
about
opening
at SP

fy
 DURAL REFLECTIONS
I
•Dural reflections also known as dural folds are the
places where the dura mater separates into two layers.
•Places where the inner dural layer is reflected as
sheet-like protrusions into the cranial cavity.
•The dural reflections are:
at hemisphere from
•Falx cerebri middle cerebrum
•Tentorium cerebelli 2 separates
cerebellum coebelluay
•Falx cerebelli waives u
•Diaphragma sella
traverse
tent
over cavernous sinus
 DURAL VENOUS SINUSES middle
lateral Rtl
•They are venous channels found between the
endosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater in
the brain.
•Function: They drain the central nervous system,
the face, and the scalp.

straight sinus
1comes wow
int sagittal sinus
greatcerebral oein
Lara.ms

Be able 1
direct ro Igv
to label
DURAL VENOUS SINUSES

emiddle
c middle

E
 CARVENOUS SINUS VERYNB

•Is one of the dural venous sinuses of the head

•Location: Middle cranial fossa, on either side of the sella
turcica of the sphenoid bone (which contains the pituitary
gland).
•Structures passing through each sinus:
•Internal carotid artery
•Abducent nerve (CN 6)
•Structures in the lateral wall of each sinus:
•Oculomotor nerve (CN 3) i r
F
o structures in

if
•Trochlear nerve (CN 4) moral wail
•Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) I structures
passing
•Maxillary nerve (CN V2
througheach
sinus
 THE SUPERIOR SAGGITAL SINUS
MCQ TO WHICH DURAL REFLECTIONS IS ATTACHED

A. Diaphragma sellae cavernous

B. Tentorium cerebelli transverse
C. Falx Cerebri
D. Falx Cerebelli separate cerebellum
 SUBARACHNOID CISTERNS
Spaces in the subarachnoid space filled with CSF.
Anterior cisterns
1. Pontine/ Pontocerebellar cistern:
Ant. to pons
Continues inferiorly with spinal arachnoid space.
2. Interpenduncular/ Basal cistern:
In interpeduncular fossa between cerebral
peduncles of midbrain.
3. Chiasmatic cistern:
optic
Inferior and anterior to optic chiasm
chiasm
 SUBARACHNOID CISTERNS
Posterior cisterns
1. Quadrigeminal/ Superior/ Cistern of great cerebral vein:
Between post. part of corpus callosum and sup. surface of cerebellum
Contains parts of the great cerebral vein.
2. Cerebellomedullary/ Cisterna magna:
Between cerebellum and medulla.
MCQ WHICH CISTERN IS INDICATED BY THE GREEN
A. Pontine
B. Superior
C. Chiasmatic
D. Basal

O
Chiasmatic tontine
FFQ: DISCUSS THE STRUCTURE FOUND ON THE
LATERAL WALL OF THE CAVERNOUS SINUS
•Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
•Trochlear nerve (CN 4)
•Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
•Maxillary nerve (CN V2
 LEADERBOARD
Points Participant Points Participant
SUMMARY
•Know the lateral wall of the nasal cavity with all its openings well!
•The dural venous sinuses and the dural reflections.
•The cavernous sinus well and its contents.
•The cisterns
ANY QUESTIONS?