Sheets 5,6 Solution

Hydraulics - for third year civil engineering students
1- In the below water transport system, determine the total static head ( Hs ).
a- If the water is pumped with a rate of 68.0 liter/sec from the suction tank
(A) to the delivery (discharge) tank (B), calculate the friction (major) head
losses ( hf ) in suction and delivery pipes.
b- Calculate the local (minor) head losses ( hlocal ) in suction and delivery
pipes.
c- Calculate the head losses in suction pipe ( hls )
d- Calculate the head losses in delivery pipe ( hld ).
e- Calculate the required pumping head ( Hreq ).
f- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines
Ld = 750.0 m
dd = 250 mm
G. Steel ( 22.90)
( 14.70)
Q = 68.0 liter /sec
(13.80)
-------
Ls = 6.0 m
ds = 200 mm Pump Motor
G. Steel
Water Pumps & Pipelines 6

( 50.00)
( 14.00)
( 12.90)
( 50.00)
( 18.00)
( 14.00)
2- In the above two water transport systems, water is pumped at a rate 0.28
m3/sec from the suction tank to the delivery tank through a 500 mm diameter
galvanized steel pipeline. In the above two cases, the local losses include: the
inlet, two bends ( r/d = 2) , and the exit.
For each system, calculate the following :
a- The total static head .
b- The required pumping head if the length of suction pipe is 6.00 m. and
the length of delivery pipe equals 800 m.
c- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines for each system.

15 m
r/d = 1
( 22.00 )
dd = 400 mm
Cast Iron pipe
75 m
( 17.00 )
Ls = 4.50 m
ds = 350 mm
G. Steel pipe
3- Water is pumped at a rate 0.185 m3/sec from the suction tank to the delivery
tank as shown in the above water transport system.
a- Determine the total static head.
b- Calculate the head losses in suction pipe and delivery pipe.
c- Determine the required pumping head, the water power, and the pump shaft
power ( pump efficiency η1= 0.80 ).
d- Estimate the annual cost of running electrical input power.
. Motor efficiency η2 = 0.86.
. Daily working hours = 10 hours
. Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 L.E.
e- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines

( 36.00 )
( r/d = 2 ; 60o )
( 23.70)
( 19.50) Ld = 35.0 m
Ls = 6.5 m
( k = 30 )
4- In the above water transport system, water is pumped at a rate 224.0 L/sec
from the canal (19.50) to the delivery tank (36.60) through a 450 mm diameter
galvanized steel pipeline. In the above system, consider the local head losses as
the following items : the inlet losses, three bend ( r/d = 2 ; 60o) , gate valve, and
the exit losses :
a- Calculate the head losses in suction pipe and delivery pipe .

b- Determine the required pumping head, water power, and pump shaft
power, in case of pump efficiency η1= 0.90.
c- Estimate the annual cost of running electrical input power.
. Motor efficiency η2 = 0.83
d- Draw the hydraulic and energy grade lines

r/d = 2
54.0 m
dd = 200 mm
Length = 75 m
r/d = 2
r/d = 4
4.50 m
ds = 250 mm
Length = 6.0 m
( k = 20 )
5- In the above water transport system, water is pumped at a rate 72.50 liter/sec
from the sump (suction tank) to the delivery tank through a galvanized steel
pipeline.
a- Determine the total static head.

b- Calculate the head losses in suction and delivery pipes .
c- Calculate the required pumping head.
d- Estimate the annual running cost of electrical input power.
. Overall efficiency ηt = 0.70.
e- Draw the hydraulic and energy grade lines

6- Water is pumped at a rate 480 m3/hr from the suction tank (A) to the
delivery tank (B) through a 300 mm diameter G.R.P. pipeline. In this water
transport system, the local head losses include the following items: the inlet
losses, check (non-return) valve, gate valve, four bends ( r/d = 2) , and the exit
losses.
a- Determine the required pumping head.
b- Calculate the pressure heads at points (a), (b), (c), and (d) in terms of
atmosphere (bar). Note : 1 atmosphere (bar) = 10.33 m
c- Estimate the annual cost of running electrical input power.
. Overall efficiency ηt = 0.72.
Check Valve
Gate Valve
L1 = 6 m 2.0 m
Tank A L2 = 120 m
a
HWL ( 28.70 ) L3 = 420 m

LWL ( 27.10 )
L4 = 110 m
b
c
L 5 = 270 m
G.L.@ a = ( 33.20 )
G.L.@ b = ( 36.10 )
G.L.@ c = ( 38.80 ) Tank B
G.L.@ d = ( 40.70 ) ( 42.30)
d
L6 = 130 m

7- The below figure shows a residential tower building in Cairo city. The water
supply system for this building consists of Pump, 50 mm galvanized steel
pipeline, two gate valves, check valve, two 90o-bends ( r/d = 1.5 ), and 8.0
cubic meters roof tank. This building is feeding from the city main pipe which
has a pressure head of about 15.0 m.
a- Determine the required pumping head and the electrical input power
(overall efficiency of the pump system ηt= 0.70 ) such that the selected
pump should be capable of filling the roof tank in no more than 10
minutes.
b- Estimate the monthly cost of electrical input power.
Roof tank
(48.70)
( 48.40 )
Ld = 34 m
Ls = 15 m Pump
(18.90)
City main pipe

Delivery
Q = 280.0 Liter/sec
( 64.50)
Intake P.S. L = 12.50 km
Suction
P
( 42.80 )
8- It is proposed to pump water from the intake pumping station to the delivery
tank through a Galvanized Steel pipeline, as shown in the above figure.
a- Compute the velocity of flow through the pipeline for the pipe sizes
(diameters): 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, ….. mm.
b- i-The required pumping head and the motor power.

. Local losses = 10 % of friction losses
. ηt = 0.75
ii-The Capital Cost of pipeline and pump & motor.

- Cost of pipe / m’ = 1.8 d L.E. ( d: pipe size in mm )
- Capital cost of fittings = 15 % of capital cost of pipe
- Cost of pump & motor = 6000 P L.E. ( P : Motor power in KW)
iii- The annual running cost

- Daily working hours = 16 hours/day
- Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 L.E.
- Operation & Maintenance of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
- O & M of pump & motor = 5.0 % of its capital cost
iv-The annual cost of pipeline and pump & motor.

- Life time of pipeline = 15 years
- Life time of pump & motor = 10 years
- Interest rate ( I ) = 10 %
Plot the total annual cost of water transport system ( pipeline + pump &
motor + running electrical power ) verses pipe sizes.
c- Calculate the cost of transporting 1.0 M3 of water for each pipe size, and
hence select the suitable water transport design.

Hs
hd 200 mm
hs
( 24.30 )
250 mm
9- It is required to pump 1450 m3 water per day ( daily working hours = 12

hours/day ) from Tank A (water level = 27.30) to Tank B (water level = 41.40)
as shown in the above figure. The above water supply system consists of Pump
& Motor, galvanized steel pipe, two gate valves, and two check valves, three
90o-bends ( r/d = 2.5 ).
a- Determine the required pumping head and the electrical input power ( ηt =
0.82 ).
b- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines.
c- Calculate the cost of transporting 1.0 m3 of water.
Annual cost = C * [I (1+I)n / {(1+I) n – 1}]

Cost of pipe / m’ = 1.3 d 1.2 L.E. ( d: pipe size in mm )
Capital cost of fittings = 15 % of capital cost of pipe
Cost of pump & motor = 4500 P L.E. ( P: motor power in KW)
Life time of pipeline & fittings = 15 years
Life time of pump & motor = 8 years
Interest rate ( I ) = 10 %
Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 L.E.

10- A water treatment plant (WTP) is supplied with raw water from a canal by
the intake pumping station (PS) as shown in the below figure.
It is proposed to pump the raw water at a rate of 1230 m3/hr using a Centrifugal
pump from the sump of pumping station (A) to the tank (B) through a G.R.P.
pipeline of 10.50 km long.
a- Find the pipe size, such that V ( velocity of flow ) ≤ 1.5 m/sec.
( available pipe diameters are : 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600 mm,… )
b- Determine the required pumping head.
c- Determine the electrical input power if overall efficiency of the pump
system ηt= 0.72 .
d- Estimate the annual running cost of electrical input power.
G.L.
2.0 m WTP
( 21.90)
Tank B
Intake Pumping Station
G.R.P. pipeline, L = 9.50 km
Canal (14.45)
Sump A
Intake pipe

11- The below figure shows the water supply pipeline system feeding a city
with treated water. The treaded water is pumped to the city from the clear water
tank of WPT by a Propeller pump. The design water demand is about 2600
m3/hr. It is proposed to use Cast Iron pipeline, which is laid at an average
depth of 2.5 m below the ground.
a- Select the pipe size ( available pipe sizes are: 500, 550, 600, 650
mm,…).
b- Determine the required pumping head if the minimum required pressure
head at the pipeline outlet (p/γ ) > 25 m.
c- Determine the electrical input power if ηt= 0.74
d- Estimate the monthly cost of electrical input power.
G.L. ( 54.75)
2.50 m
City
Canal Outlet ( 54.75)
WTP
pipeline = 11.20 km
Intake pipe Clear water tank

( 19.85)

Canal
( 36.45 )
Intake P.S.
Q = 82.0 m3/hr
( 14.65) L = 4.555 km
12- The above figure shows the raw water supply pipeline system feeding a
small town with treated water by the intake pumping station. The required
water discharge is 82.0 m3/hr with mean operating time equals 16 hours per
day.
a- Design the pipeline ( available pipe sizes are: 100, 150, 200 mm, …)
b- Calculate the required pumping head, if the pipes are :
i- Cast Iron (C.I.)
ii- Galvanized Steel (G.S.)
iii- Reinforced Concrete (R.C.)
iv- G.R.P.
c- Draw the system curve for both type of pipes and hence; select the
proper pump Type SP 77 ( pump number, operating pumping discharge
Qo, operating pumping head Ho, electric power ).
d- For all type of pipes, estimate the annual cost of water transport system
( pipeline + pump & motor + running electrical power ).
- Capital cost and life time of pipes are as follows:
Pipe Type Cost of pipe & fittings / meter Life time

(L.E.) (years)
C. I. 1.80 x d (in mm) 25
G. S. 1.10 x d (in mm) 15
R.C. 0.80 x d (in mm) 25
G.R.P. 1.30 x d (in mm) 10
- Capital cost of pump & motor = 45000 + 4000 x (pump number) L.E.
- life time of pump & motor = 12 years
- Interest rate (I) = 10 %
- O & M of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
e- Select the suitable design ( type of pipe & pump number )




13- Two pumping stations are proposed to pump raw water from a canal to a
Water Treatment Plant, as shown in the below figure. The required daily water
discharge is 1350 m3/day and with mean daily working hours equals 12 hours.
a- Design the pipeline ( use Galvanized steel pipe : 100, 150, 200, 250, 300
mm…).
b- Determine the required pumping head of both two pumping stations.
c- If we replace the two pumping stations with only one powerful intake
pumping station, determine the required pumping head in this case.
d- For both the above cases:
I - Determine the appropriate pumps Type SP 95 ( pump number,
operating pumping discharge Qo, operating pumping head Ho, electrical
power).
II - Calculate the annual cost of water transport system ( pipeline +
pump & motor + running electrical power ).
- Capital cost of pipe/meter = 1.20 x d L.E. (d : pipe size in mm)
- Capital cost of fittings = 15 % of capital cost of pipe
- Capital cost of pump & motor =70000 + 5500 x (pump number)
L.E. , and life time of pump & motor = 10 years.
- Life time of pipeline = 20 years
- O & M of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
- Interest rate (I) = 10 %
e- Select the suitable water transport system.
P.S. # 2
Canal
P.S. # 1
( 41. 35 )
( 21.43 )
L1 = 7.43 km L2 =8.27 km
City
( 69.00)
WTP
pipeline WTP




14 - The figure below shows the water supply pipeline system which is feeding
a city with treated water. The treated water is pumped to the city from the clear
water tank of WTP.
Due to increase in the city water demand, the water treatment plant will be
upgraded to about double its capacity. It is proposed to use the same supply
pipeline, but to replace the existing pump (NM4 150/400 – C) with more
powerful pump.
a- Draw the system curve.

b- What are the operating pumping discharge Qo, operating pumping head
Ho, and overall efficiency of the existing pump ?
c- Select the new pump (Type, operating pumping discharge Qo, operating
pumping head Ho, and pump system efficiency).
d- For each case; estimate the annual cost of electrical input power.
. The mean operating time is 14 hours a day.

City elevated Tank
Canal L = 5.6 km,

d = 250 mm (G.S.)
WTP
Clear tank ( 25.70)
City elevated tank
(41.50)
pipeline

River small town
Intake P.S. ( 22.65)
( 28.40)
Q = 88 l /sec
L = 4.5 km
G. Steel pipe
small town with treated water by the intake pumping station.
It is proposed to pump the raw water at a rate of 88 liter/sec through a

galvanized steel pipeline of 4.50 km long. The water levels of tank (A) and
tank (B) are 28.40 m and 22.65 m, respectively.
a- Design the pipeline (available pipe sizes are: 200, 250, 300, 350
mm, …)
b- Calculate the required pumping head.
c- Draw the system curve and hence select the proper pump (pump
number, operating pumping discharge Qo, operating pumping head Ho).
d- For the selected design, calculate the annual cost of electrical input
power.
. Mean operating time is 12 hours a day.

. Cost of 1 KW-hr = 0.20 L.E.
e- For the selected pipeline diameter, What is the raw water flow rate
between tanks (A) and (B) without using any pump ? ( Use the System
Curve) .

River City
Intake P.S.
( 32.60)
pipeline (C. I .)
L = 12.50 km
WTP ( 38.80 )
pipeline
16- The above figure shows the raw water supply pipeline system feeding a city
water treatment plant (WTP) by the intake pumping station. it is proposed to
pump the raw water at a rate of 140 liter/sec through a cast iron pipeline of
12.50 km long. Pumping system consists of two equal Centrifugal pumps
arranged in parallel; two units are in operation.
a- Design the proposed pipeline ( available pipe sizes are: 300, 350,
400 mm, …).
c- Select the proper pump.
d- Draw the system curve and pumps curve (two units are in operation) ;
and hence determine for each pump operating pumping discharge Qo,
operating pumping head Ho .
e- If we replace the existing pumping system with only one powerful

pump, select this appropriate pump for this case and determine operating
pumping discharge Qo, operating pumping head Ho .
f- For the above both pumping system, calculate the annual cost of
electrical input power.
. Mean operating time is 12 hours a day.

. Cost of 1 KW-hr = 0.20 L.E.

Reach 2 Reach 3 Tank B

L2 = 6.3 km L3 = 2.5 km (102.80)
Tank A
Reach 1
P
L1 = 3 km
(122.80)
17- It is required to pump 900 m3 water in no more than 10 hours per day
from Tank A (water level = 122.80 ) to Tank B (water level = 102.80 ),
through a PVC pipeline (total length = 11,800 m ). A plan view of the system is
shown above. A constant speed submersible pump (N = 1450 r.p.m.) shall be
used. Characteristic curves of the available pumps are shown in the next page.
i) Design the pipeline. Available diameters are 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 …
mm.
ii) Determine the required pumping head (neglect local (minor) losses).
iii) On the provided pump characteristic curve sheet, draw the system curve.
iv) Select the most suitable pump, and determine operating pumping
discharge, operating pumping head, overall pump efficiency, and actual
daily operating hours.
v) For the selected design, calculate the annual cost of the water transport
system .
Cost of pipe & fittings / m’ = 1.2 d L.E. (d : pipe size in mm)
Life time of pump and motor = 8 years
Life time of pipes & fittings = 15 years
O & M of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
O & M of pump & motor = 5.0 % of its capital cost
Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 LE
Capital cost of pump and motor is as follows:
Pump Number Cost (LE)
I 400 000
II 500 000
III 580 000
IV 650 000
vi) What is the suitable pipe diameter shall be used in order to pass the same
water flow condition ( 900 m3 water in no more than 10 hours per day)
between tanks (A) and (B) without using any pump (neglect local
losses), and hence determine the following : actual water discharge, actual
daily operating hours, and the annual cost of the pipeline.
vii) Select the suitable water transport design.


18- A water treatment plant (WTP) is supplied with raw water from a canal by
intake pumping station, as shown in the below figure. it is proposed to pump
the raw water at a rate of 200 liter/sec through a cast iron pipeline of 3.50 km
long using a single submerged pump of high constant speed 2900 r.p.m..
a- Design the pipeline ( available pipe sizes are: 300, 350, 400, 450
mm, …).
b- Draw the system curves in case of HWL and LWL inside the
suction tank .
c- Select the proper pump; and hence determine the maximum and
minimum operating pumping discharges .
Canal WTP
Q = 200 l/sec
L = 3.50 km
Cast iron pipe
HWL ( 16.00)
LWL (14.00)

Canal WTP

Pumping System
(13.60) Q = 390 l/sec

L = 11.6 km
G. S. pipe
water treatment plant (WTP) by an intake pumping station. it is proposed to
pump the raw water at a rate of 390 liter/sec through a G.S. pipeline. Suction
and delivery water levels as well as pipeline length are shown in the figure.
500 mm, …).
c- Select the proper pumping system ( pump type, number of

pumps, arrangement of pumps).
d- Draw the system curve and pumps curve ;and hence determine for each
pump operating pumping discharge Qo, operating pumping head Ho .
e- Determine the minimum pressure rating of the selected pipe size in

terms of atmosphere ( bar ).
Note : Minimum pressure rating = 1.5 * maximum pressure head

along the whole pipe.
1.0 atmosphere (bar) = 10.33 m of water.

City Storage Tank
Canal
Pumping System
WTP
Q = 270 L/sec
L = 6.20 km
G.S. pipe
Clear tank ( 20.30)
( 68.50)
City Storage Tank
pipeline
20- The above figure shows the raw water supply pipeline system, which is
feeding a city with treated water. it is proposed to pump the water from WTP
clear tank at a rate of 270 liter/sec through a G.S. pipeline.
500 mm, …).
c- Select the proper pumping system ( pump type, number of

pumps, arrangement of pumps).
d- Draw the system curve and pumps curve; and hence determine for each
pump operating pumping discharge Qo, operating pumping head Ho .
e- If the pipeline becomes old such that its equivalent roughness height
becomes equal to 2.0 mm, while the pump type remains unchanged,
draw the system curve for this case and determine operating pumping
discharge Qo, operating pumping head Ho .
f- For the above two cases, if one of the pumping units fails (stop
operating), find operating pumping discharge, operating pumping head.

Pipe Reach ( A-C ) Pipe Reach (C-B )

Pump
Tank A
( 28.00 )
Tank B
C ( 46.00 )
L = 1.80 km L = 4.4 km
d = 250 mm (G.S.) d = 200 mm (G.R.P.)
The characteristics of a centrifugal pump are given by :
Q (lit/sec) 0 40 50 60 70
H (m) 89.0 79.4 76.0 72.3 65.5
ηt (%) 0 72.3 79.8 76 62.1
21- The pump is used to pump water from tank A (28.00) to tank B (46.00).
The total length of pipe is 6.20 km and consists of two reaches as shown above.
Reach A-C is 1.80 km long of 250 mm diameter Galvanized Steel pipe. Reach
C-B is 4.40 km long of 200 mm diameter Glass fiber Reinforced Plastic
(G.R.P.) pipe.
a- Draw the system curve and pump curve; and hence determine operating
pumping discharge Qo, operating pumping head Ho .
b- If a second pump of same characteristics is attached in parallel to the

first pump, and both pumps are in operation, what will be the discharge
into tank B ?
c- Calculate the daily cost of operation for the above cases.

. working hours = 12.0 hours
. cost of 1 KW-hr = 0.20 L.E.
d- Draw the energy line along the whole length of the pipe for the case of
one pump in operation.
Assume the pipe has a constant slope between tanks A and B .

Reach 2 Reach 3 Tank B

L2 = 6.1 km D L3 = 4.5 km (142.80)
Tank A (G.L.=130.4)
Reach 1
P
L1 = 2 km C
(128.60)
(G.L.=136.7)
22- It is required to pump 15,000 m3 water per day from Tank A (water level =
128.60) to Tank B (water level = 142.80), through a reinforced concrete
pipeline (total length = 12,600m). Average daily hours of operation = 16 hours.
A plan view of the system is shown above.
A constant speed submersible pump shall be used. Pump characteristic curves
of the available pumps are shown in the following figure..
a) Design the pipeline. Available diameters are 400, 450, 500, 550…
mm.
b) Determine the required pumping head (you may neglect local (minor)
losses).
c) On the provided pump characteristic curve sheet, draw the system
curve.
d) Select the most suitable pump (which satisfies minimum annual cost),
and determine operating pumping discharge, operating pumping head,
actual operating hours, annual cost of operation, and annual cost of
pump and motor.
Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 LE

Annual cost = Capital cost * [I (1+I)n/{(1+I) n – 1}]
Life time of pump and motor = 8 years
O & M of pump & motor = 5.0 % of its capital cost
Capital cost of pump and motor is as follows:
Pump Number Cost (LE)

I 400 000
II 450 000
III 520 000
IV 590 000

e) Draw a longitudinal profile of the pipe and the total energy line along
the full length of the pipe.
f) Determine the minimum pressure rating in terms of atmosphere (bar)
for each of the four reaches (A-C), (C-D) and (D-E) and (E-B).
Note: Minimum pressure rating = 1.5 * maximum pressure
head in reach
1 atmosphere = 10.33 m
g) For the selected design, calculate the annual cost of the water
transport system .
Capital cost of fittings = 15 % of capital cost of pipe
O & M of pipeline = 1.0 % of its capital cost
Life time of pipe = 20 years
Interest rate = 10 %
The cost of reinforced concrete pipes for different sizes and pressure
rating is given in the following table:
Pipe size Pressure rating Cost of pipe/m’

(mm) (Bar) (LE)
4 60
6 75
400 8 100
10 125
12 210
4 80
6 90
450 8 120
10 150
12 240
4 90
6 100
500 8 180
10 200
12 300
4 100
6 120
550 8 200
10 240
12 380


p p
A
p p
A A
Case 1 Case 2
23- It is required to pump 240 m3/hr water (average daily operating hours = 6
hrs ) from Tank A (water level = 22.40 ) to Tank B (water level = 32.40 )
through a galvanized steel pipeline with a total length of 4200 meters. Four
equal constant speed pumps shall be used. A plan view of the system is
shown above. Each Pump characteristic curves are given as follows:
Q (m3/hr) 0 40 80 120 160
H (m) 30 27 21.5 13.5 0
ηt (%) 0 42 79 84 0
a- Design the pipeline. Available pipe diameters are 150, 200, 250, 300,
… mm.
b- Determine the required pumping head (neglect local losses).
c- Draw the (H-Q) curve of the above pumping system, while the four
pumps are in operation.
d- Draw the system curve and determine the operating pumping discharge,
operating pumping head, daily operating hours, and the required daily
operating cost.
e- If two of the pumping units fail (stop operating), draw the (H-Q)
curves for the pumping system in case 1 and case 2 , and hence find for
each case the following:
i- operating pumping discharge.
ii- operating pumping head.
iii- expected daily operating hours in order to keep the same
daily water demand unchanged.
iv- daily operating cost.
Suction 7.1 km
tank Delivery tank
( 48.00 )
( 38.00 )
Qt = 750 m3/hr
24- In the above Water Transport System, it is required to pump a total water
discharge of 750 m3/hr (average daily operating hours = 6 hrs ) through a GRP
pipeline with a total length of 7.10 km connecting the two tanks A and B. Three
equal constant speed pumps shall be used. Each pump characteristic curves are
given as follows:
Q (m3/hr) 0 150 300 450 600
H (m) 45 40 32 20 0
ηt (%) 0 77 81 55 0
a- Design the pipe size of the main pipeline .

b- Determine the required pumping head ( local losses =10 % of friction
losses).
c- Draw the (H-Q) curve of the above pumping system, while the three
pumps are in operation.
d- Draw the system curve and determine the operating pumping discharge,
operating pumping head, daily operating hours, and the required daily
operating cost.
e- If one of the pumping units fails (stop operating), determine operating
pumping discharge, operating pumping head, and expected daily
operating hours in order to keep the same daily water demand
unchanged.
f- In the above two cases, find the annual operating electrical cost
Cost of 1 KW-hour = 0.20 L.E

Tee (K=1.5)
8m 4m
P Bend (r/d = 4)
River
3m
L1= 4.45 km  = 60o
P
City
Intake Pipe Gate Valve L2= 3 km
Clear Water Tank Bend (r/d = 2)
(12.80)
City Elevated
Tank
Bend (60o, r/d = 2) Delivery Pipe
L=8m 0.8m (28.20)

(14.00)
Check Valve (12.80)
K=10
Clear Water Tank Pipeline
Bend (r/d = 2)
25- The above figure shows a water supply pipeline system feeding a city with
treated water. The treated water is pumped to the city elevated tank (28.20)
from the clear water tank (12.80) of WTP. It is proposed to pump the treated
water at a rate of 85 liter/sec through a galvanized steel pipeline. Pumping
system consists of two centrifugal pumps arranged in parallel; one unit in
operation and one unit standby. Lengths of pipeline and detail of pump setting
are shown in the above figure.
a- Design the pipeline (available pipe sizes are 250, 300, 350, 400 mm, …).
b- Determine the required pumping head.
c- Select the proper pumps and then find the operating pumping discharge Qo
and the operating pumping head Ho.
d- Calculate the available NPSH, and then check the setting of the pump.

IHD-S06-Solutions Page 1 of 111
Table of Contents
Question No.1..............................................................................................................................................................2
Question No.2.............................................................................................................................................................5
Question No.3.............................................................................................................................................................8
Question No.4............................................................................................................................................................12
Question No.5............................................................................................................................................................15
Question No.6...........................................................................................................................................................19
Question No.7..........................................................................................................................................................25
Question No.8..........................................................................................................................................................28
Question No.9..........................................................................................................................................................32
Question No.10........................................................................................................................................................36
Question No.11..........................................................................................................................................................38
Question No.12...........................................................................................................................................................41
Question No.13.........................................................................................................................................................46
Question No.14.........................................................................................................................................................53
Question No.15.........................................................................................................................................................56
Question No.16..........................................................................................................................................................61
Question No.17.........................................................................................................................................................67
Question No.18..........................................................................................................................................................74
Question No.19.........................................................................................................................................................78
Question No.20.......................................................................................................................................................82
Question No.21.........................................................................................................................................................87
Question No.22.......................................................................................................................................................90
Question No.23.....................................................................................................................................................100
Question No.25.....................................................................................................................................................108
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Question No.1
Solution :
H s= Delivery level−Suction level
H s=22.90−14.70=8.2 m
a-
−3 3
Q=68 lit / sec=68×10 m / sec
For the suction pipe :
d s=200 mm=0.2 m
−3
Q 68×10
vs= v =
→ s π 2 =2.16 m/ sec
As ×0.2
4
ν=1.011×10−6 m 2 /sec
vs d s 2.16×0.2
Rn = ν → R n= −6
=428,191 ( Turbulent flow )
1.011×10
Material used is ' Galvanized steel ' → ϵ=0.15 mm
ϵ = 0.15 =0.00075
d 200
0.25
f=
R n=428,191 , ϵ =0.00075 2
d →
[ ( log ϵ + 5.74
3.7 d R0.9
n
)]
f s=0.019
f s L s v 2s 0.019×6×2.16
2
h f s= → h f s= =0.138 m
2 g ds 2×9.81×0.2
For the delivery pipe :
d d =250 mm=0.25 m
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Q 68×10−3
vd = → v d = π ×0.252 =1.39 m/ sec
Ad
4
vd dd 1.39×0.25
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.0006
d 250
0.25
f=
R n =342,553 , ϵ =0.0006 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f d =0.0187
f d L d v 2d 0.0187×750×1.39
2
hf d= → h f d= =5.494 m
2g dd 2×9.81×0.25
Friction ( major ) head losses in both suction and delivery pipes :
h f =h f s+h f d
h f =0.138+5.494=5.632 m
b- Minor ( secondary losses ) :
• Inlet losses :
v 2s 2
h i =k i × → h i =0.5× 2.16 =0.12 m
2g 2×9.81
• Exit losses :
v 2d 1.39 2
h e=k e × → h e =1× =0.1 m
2g 2×9.81
• Losses through the bend :
θ=90o
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r
Assume that =2 → k bend =0.27
d
2 2
vd
h bend =k bend × → h bend =0.27× 1.39 =0.027 m
2g 2×9.81
Total secondary losses through the suction pipe :
h sec s=hi =0.12 m
Total secondary losses through the delivery pipe :
h sec d =hbend +h e=0.027+0.1=0.127 m
Total secondary losses through the whole system :
h sec=0.12+0.127=0.247 m
c- Total losses through the suction pipe :
hl s =h f s+h sec s
h l s=0.138+0.12=0.258 m
d- Total losses through the delivery pipe :
hl d =h f d +h sec d
h l d =5.494+0.127=5.621 m
e- Required pumping head :
H req =H s +h f +h sec
H req=8.2+5.632+0.247=14.079 m
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Question No.2
Solution :
For the first system :
a-
H s= Delivery level−Suction level → H s=50−12.90=37.1 m
b-
Q=0.28 m3 / sec
d s=d d =d =500 mm=0.5 m
Q 0.28
v= → v = π ×0.52 =1.43 m/ sec
A 4
ν=1.011×10−6 m2 /sec
vd 1.43×0.5
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.0003
d 500
0.25
f=
R n =705,256 , ϵ =0.0003 → 2
d
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.016
2 2
hf=
f Lv → h f = 0.016×(6+800)×1.43 =2.677 m
2g d 2×9.81×0.5
Minor ( secondary losses ) :
• Inlet losses :
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2 2
v → h i =0.5× 1.43 =0.05 m
h i =k i ×
2g 2×9.81
• Exit losses :
v2 → h e =1× 1.43 2
h e=k e × =0.1 m
2g 2×9.81
• Losses through the 2 bends :
r
θ=90 & o
=2 → k bend =0.27
d
v 2d 2
h bend =k bend × → h bends=2×0.27× 1.43 =0.06 m
2g 2×9.81
h sec =0.05+0.1+0.06=0.21 m
Required pumping head :
H req=37.1+2.677+0.21=39.98 m≈40 m
For the second system :
a-
H s= Delivery level−Suction level → H s=50−18=32 m
b-
Q=0.28 m3 / sec , v =1.43 m/ sec → R n =705,256 ( Turbulent flow )
ϵ =0.0003
d , f =0.016 → h f =2.677 m

Inlet losses : h i =0.05 m & Exit losses : h e=0.1 m
Losses through the 2 bends : h bends=0.06 m

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h sec =0.21m
H req =H s +h f +h sec → H req=32+2.677+0.21=34.88 m
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Question No.3
Solution :
H s= Delivery level−Suction level → H s=(17+75)−22=70 m
a-
3
Q=0.185 m / sec
d s=350 mm=0.35 m
Q 0.185
vs= → s π ×0.352 =1.92 m/ sec
v =
As 4
ν=1.011×10−6 m2 /sec
vs ds 1.92×0.35
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.00043
d 350
0.25
f=
R n =665,676 , ϵ =0.00043 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f s =0.0171
2
f L v 2
h f s= s s s → h f s = 0.0171×4.5×1.92 =0.041 m
2 g ds 2×9.81×0.35
d d =400 mm=0.4 m
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Q 0.185
vd= → d π ×0.4 2 =1.47 m / sec
v =
Ad 4
vd dd 1.47×0.4
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.25 =0.000625
d 400
0.25
f=
R n =582,466 , ϵ =0.000625 2
d →
[ (
log ϵ + 5.74
3.7 d R0.9
n
)]
f d =0.0184
2 2
f d Ld v d
hf d= → h f d = 0.0184×(75+15)×1.47 =0.457 m
2 g dd 2×9.81×0.4
h f =h f s+h f d → h f =0.041+0.457=0.498 m
b- Minor ( secondary losses ) :
• Inlet losses :
v 2s 2
h i =k i × → h i =0.5× 1.92 =0.1 m
2g 2×9.81
• Exit losses :
2 2
vd
h e=k e × → h e=1× 1.47 =0.11 m
2g 2×9.81
• Losses through the bend :
r
θ=90o & =1 → k bend =0.33
d
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2 2
vd
h bend =k bend × → h bend =0.33× 1.47 =0.04 m
2g 2×9.81
Total secondary losses through the suction pipe :
h sec s=hi =0.1 m
Total secondary losses through the delivery pipe :
h sec d =hbend +h e=0.04+0.11=0.15 m
h sec=0.1+0.15=0.25 m
Total losses through the suction pipe :
hl s =h f s+h sec s → h l s=0.041+0.1=0.141 m
Total losses through the delivery pipe :
hl d =h f d +h sec d → h l d =0.457+0.15=0.607 m
c- Required pumping head :
H req =H s +h f +h sec → H req=70+0.141+0.607=70.74 m
γ Q H req
Water Horse Power : W.H.P=
746
9810×0.185×70.74
W.H.P= =172.1 HP
746
Pump Shaft Horse Power : M.H.P=

W.H.P
ηp
172.1
M.H.P= =215.125 HP
0.8
M.H.P
Electrical Horse Power : E.H.P = ηm
215.125
E.H.P = =250.15 HP
0.86
Electrical Power : E.P =250.15 HP×0.746=186.61 kW
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• Daily working hours = 10 hours , cost of 1 kW.hour = 0.2 L.E

Annual cost= E.P×Daily working hours×365×Unit cost
Annual cost=186.61×10×365×0.2=136,225 L.E
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Question No.4
Solution :
H s= Delivery level−Suction level → H s=36.60−19.50=17.1 m
a-
Q=0.224 m / sec & d s =d d =d =450 mm=0.45m
3
Q 0.224
v= → v= π ×0.452 =1.41 m/ sec
A 4
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 1.41×0.45
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.00033
d 450
0.25
f=
R n =626,895 , ϵ =0.00033 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0164
2 2
hf=
f Lv → h f = 0.0164×(6.5+35)×1.41 =0.153 m
2g d 2×9.81×0.45
• Inlet losses :
2 2
v 1.41
h i =k i × & k i =30 ( given ) → h i =30× =3.04 m
2g 2×9.81
• Exit losses :
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2 2
v → h e =1× 1.41 =0.1 m
h e=k e ×
2g 2×9.81
• Losses through the 3 bends :
r
θ=60o & =2 → k bend =0.21
d
2 2
v → h bends=3×0.21× 1.41 =0.06 m
h bend =k bend ×
2g 2×9.81
• Gate valve :
2 2
k gate=0.25 & h gate=k gate× v → h gate=0.25× 1.41
=0.03 m
2g 2×9.81
h sec =3.04+0.1+0.06+0.03=3.23 m
H req =H s +h f +h sec → H req =17.1+0.15+3.23=20.48 m
γ Q H req
746
9810×0.224×20.48
W.H.P= =60.33 HP
746
Pump Shaft Horse Power : M.H.P=

W.H.P
ηp
60.33
M.H.P= =67.03 HP
0.9
M.H.P
Electrical Horse Power : E.H.P = ηm
67.03
E.H.P = =80.76 HP
0.83
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Annual cost=60.25×12×365×0.2=52,779 L.E
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Question No.5
Solution :
a-
H s= Delivery level−Suction level → H s=54+4.5=58.5 m
b-
Q=72.5 l / sec=0.0725m3 / sec
d s=250 mm=0.25 m
Q 0.0725
vs= → s π ×0.252 =1.48 m / sec
v =
As 4
ν=1.011×10−6 m2 /sec
vs ds 1.48×0.25
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.0006
d 250
0.25
f=
R n =365,222 , ϵ =0.0006 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f s =0.0187
2
f L v 2
h f s= s s s → h f s = 0.0187×10.5×1.48 =0.087 m
2 g ds 2×9.81×0.25
d d =200 mm=0.2 m
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Q 0.0725
vd = → d π ×0.2 2 =2.31 m/ sec
v =
Ad 4
vd dd 2.31×0.2
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.00075
d 200
0.25
f=
R n =456,528 , ϵ =0.00075 2
d →
[ (
log ϵ + 5.74
3.7 d R0.9
n
)]
f d =0.0192
2
f L v 2
hf d= d d d → h f d = 0.0192×75×2.31 =1.959 m
2 g dd 2×9.81×0.2
h f =h f s+h f d → h f =0.087+1.959=2.04 m
• Inlet losses :
v 2s 2
h i =k i × → h i =0.5× 1.48 =0.06 m
2g 2×9.81
• Exit losses :
2 2
vd
h e =k e× → h e=1× 2.31 =0.27 m
2g 2×9.81
• Losses through the foot valve :
2
vs
h foot =k foot ×
2g
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2
k foot =20 → h foot =20× 1.48 =2.23 m
2×9.81
• Losses through the bends :
r
θ=90o & =4 → k bend =0.26
d
r
θ=90o & =2 → k bend =0.27
d
2
v
h bend =k bend ×
2g
1.482 2.312
h bends=1×0.26× +2×0.27× =0.18m
2×9.81 2×9.81
h sec =0.06+0.27+2.23+0.18=2.74 m
c- Required pumping head :
H req =H s +h f +h sec → H req =58.5+2.04+2.74=63.28 m
d-
γ Q H req
746
9810×0.0725×63.28
W.H.P= =60.33 HP
746
Electrical Horse Power : E.H.P=

W.H.P
ηt
60.33
E.H.P = =86.19 HP
0.7
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Annual cost=64.29×12×365×0.2=56,318 L.E
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Question No.6
a-
1
Q=480 m 3 /hr× =0.133 m 3 / sec
3600
d=300 mm=0.3 m
Q 0.133
v= → v = π ×0.32 =1.88 m/ sec
A 4
ν=1.011×10−6 m 2 /sec
vd 1.88×0.3
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used is ' G.R.P ' → ϵ=0.03 mm
ϵ = 0.03 =0.0001
d 300
0.25
f=
R n=559,727 , ϵ =0.0001 2
d →
[ (
log ϵ + 5.74
3.7 d R0.9
n
)]
f =0.0143
Friction ( major ) head losses :
L=6+120+420+110+270+130=1056 m
2
f L v2 → h f = 0.0143×1056×1.88 =9.115 m
hf=
2gd 2×9.81×0.3
• Inlet losses :
v2 → h i =0.5× 1.88 2
h i =k i × =0.09 m
2g 2×9.81
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• Bends losses :
There are 4 bends in the pipeline system !
r
=2 & θ=90o → k bend =0.27
d
2 2
v → h bend =4×0.27× 1.88 =0.19 m
h bend =k bend ×
2g 2×9.81
• Exit losses :
v2 → h e=1× 1.88 2
h e=k e × =0.18 m
2g 2×9.81
• Gate valve losses :
There are 2 gate valves used in the pipeline system.
2 2
v → h gate=2×0.25× 1.88 =0.09 m
h gate=k gate×
2g 2×9.81
• Check valve losses :
v2 → 1.882
h che =k che × h che =3× =0.54 m
2g 2×9.81
h sec=hi +h gate+hche +hbend +he
h sec =0.09+0.19+0.18+0.09+0.54=1.09 m
‫ لن هذة الحالــة تمثــل الحالــة الكــثر حرجـا فـي عمليــة‬Suction tank ‫ عند الـ‬L.W.L ‫استخدم الـ‬
! ‫التصميم‬
L.W.L = Low water level

H.W.L = High water level
H req=15.2+9.115+1.09=25.41 m
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‫‪IHD-S06-Solutions‬‬ ‫‪Page 21 of 111‬‬
‫‪γ Q H req‬‬
‫=‪Water Horse Power : W.H.P‬‬
‫‪746‬‬
‫‪9810×0.133×25.41‬‬
‫=‪W.H.P‬‬ ‫‪=44.44 HP‬‬
‫‪746‬‬
‫‪b- By applying Bernoulli equation between a known point and the unknown point :‬‬
‫‪1- Between a point at tank A 1 and point a :‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪P 1 v1‬‬ ‫‪Pa va‬‬
‫‪z1+ γ +‬‬ ‫‪+H req = z a + γ +‬‬ ‫‪+h L1 → a‬‬
‫‪2g‬‬ ‫‪2g‬‬
‫‪P‬‬ ‫‪v 21‬‬
‫‪z1 =27.1 m ,‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪& H req=25.41 m‬‬
‫‪γ =0 2 g =0‬‬
‫‪P 1 v12‬‬
‫‪z1+ γ +‬‬ ‫‪+H req =27.1+0+0+25.41=52.51 m‬‬
‫‪2g‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪P a va‬‬
‫‪z a+ γ +‬‬ ‫‪+h L1 → a =52.51 m‬‬
‫‪2g‬‬
‫‪z a=33.2−2=31.2 m‬‬
‫الراجل في المسألة قايلك علي مكان منســوب الرض عنــد نقطــة ‪ A‬و فيـه رسـمه موضـح فيهــا ان‬
‫‪ centerline‬الماسورة تحت الرض بـ ‪ 2‬متر !‬
‫‪v 2a‬‬ ‫‪1.88‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪=0.18 m‬‬
‫‪2 g 2×9.81‬‬
‫‪f Lv‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪h gate hbend‬‬
‫= ‪h L 1 →a‬‬ ‫‪+hi +h che +‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬
‫‪2gd‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫المسألة مش باين فيها اذا كانت نقطة ‪ A‬قبل الـ ‪ bend‬ول بعده ‪ ,‬المفــروض انهــا لــو قبــل الـ ‪bend‬‬
‫مـش هاخـد معايــا قيمــة الـ ‪ losses‬اللـي بتحصـل فـي الـ ‪ bend‬و لـو النقطــة بعــده ‪ ,‬يبقــي هاخــد الـ‬
‫‪ losses‬معايا ) هنا احنا حلينا علي اســاس ان النقطــة بعــد الـ ‪ bend‬لكــن فـي المتحــان الــدكتور‬
‫هيكون محدد في النقطة دي (‪.‬‬
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2
0.0143×(6+120 )×1.88
h L 1 → a= +0.09+0.54+0.045+0.048=1.79 m
2×9.81×0.3
Pa
31.2+ γ +0.18+1.79=52.51
Pa 19.34
γ =19.34 m= =1.87 bars
10.33
2- Between a point at tank A 1 and point b :
P 1 v12 P b v 2b
z1+ γ + +H req = zb + γ + +h L 1 →b
2g 2g
P b v 2b
zb+ γ + +h L 1 →b =52.51 m
2g
2
v
zb =36.1−2=34.1 m & b =0.18 m
2g
f L v2 h gate h bend
h L 1 →b = +hi +hche + +
2gd 2 2
2
0.0143×(6+120+420)×1.88
h L 1→ b = +0.09+0.54+0.045+0.095=5.39 m
2×9.81×0.3
Pb
34.1+ γ +0.18+5.39=52.51
Pb 12.84
γ =12.84 m= =1.24 bars
10.33
3- Between a point at tank A 1 and point c :

2 2
P 1 v1 Pc v c
z1+ γ + +H req = z c+ γ + +h L1 → c
2g 2g
2
P c vc
z c+ γ + +h L 1 → c=52.51 m
2g
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v 2c
z c=38.80−2=36.8 m & =0.18 m
2g
f L v2 h 3
h L 1 →c= +hi +h che + gate + hbend
2gd 2 4
2
0.0143×(546+110)×1.88
h L 1→c = +0.09+0.54+0.045+0.14=6.37 m
2×9.81×0.3
Pc
36.8+ γ +0.18+6.37=52.51
Pc 9.16
γ =9.16 m= =0.89 bars
10.33
4- Between a point at tank A 1 and point d :
P 1 v12 P d v 2d
z1+ γ + +H req = z d + γ + +h L 1 → d
2g 2g
P d v 2d
zd+ γ + +h L 1 →d =52.51 m
2g
2
v
z d =40.70−2=38.70 m & b =0.18 m
2g
f Lv2 h
h L 1 →d = +hi +h che + gate +hbend
2gd 2
2
0.0141×(926)×1.88
h L 1→ d = +0.09+0.54+0.045+0.19=8.71 m
2×9.81×0.3
Pd
38.7+ γ +0.18+8.71=52.51
Pd 4.92
γ =4.92 m= =0.48 bars
10.33
c- ηt =0.72 , Daily working hours = 14 hours , cost of 1 kW.hour = 0.2 L.E
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W.H.P
ηt
44.44
E.H.P = =61.72 HP
0.72
Annual cost=46.05×14×365×0.2=47,063 L.E
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Question No.7
Given :
• d=50 mm
• Material used : Galvanized steel
• Valves and fittings used in the pipeline system :
◦ Two gate valves
◦ One check valve
o r
◦ One bend θ=90 , =1.5
d
3
• V tank =8 m
P city main pipe
•
γ =15 m
Solution :
a-
Filling time : t =10 minutes
V tank 8 3
Q= = =0.0133 m / sec
t 10×60
Q 0.0133
v= → v= π ×0.052 =6.79 m/ sec
A 4
ν=1.011×10−6 m 2 /sec
vd 6.79×0.05
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.003
d 50
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0.25
f=
R n=335,836 , ϵ =0.003 → 2
d
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0267
L=L1 +L 2 =34+15=49 m
2 2
f Lv → h f = 0.0267×49×6.79 =61.49 m
hf=
2g d 2×9.81×0.05
• Inlet losses :
2 2
v → h i =0.5× 6.79 =1.175 m
h i =k i ×
2g 2×9.81
• Bends losses :
r
=1.5 & θ=90o → k bend =0.29
d
2 2
v → h bend =0.29× 6.79 =0.682 m
h bend =k bend ×
2g 2×9.81
h bends=2×0.682=1.363 m
• Exit losses :
2 2
v → h e=1× 6.79 =2.35 m
h e=k e ×
2g 2×9.81
v2 → h gates =2×0.25× 6.79 2
h gate=k gate× =1.175 m
2g 2×9.81
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2 2
v → h che =3× 6.79 =7.051 m
h che =k che ×
2g 2×9.81
h sec=hi +h gates +hche +hbends+h e
h sec =1.175+1.363+2.35+1.175+7.051=13.114 m
H req =H s +h f +h sec −H city main pipe
H s=48.70−18.90=29.8 m
H req=29.8+61.49+13.114−15=89.404 m
γ Q H req
746
9810×0.0133×89.404
W.H.P= =15.64 HP
746

W.H.P
ηt
15.64
E.H.P HP = =22.34 HP
0.7
b-
Daily working hours = 6 hours
Cost of 1 kW.hour = 0.2 L.E
Electrical Power : E.P =E.H.P×0.746=22.34×0.746=16.67 kW
Monthly cost =E.P× Daily working hours×30×Unit cost
Monthly cost =16.67×6×30×0.2=600 L.E
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Question No.8
Given :
3
• Q=280 lit / sec=0.28 m / sec
• L=12.5 km=12,500 m
• Suction level = ( 42.80 )
• Delivery level = ( 64.50 )
• h sec =0.1 h f
• ηt =0.75
• Cost of pipe / m' = 1.8 d
• Capital cost of fittings = 0.15 x Capital cost of pipe
• Cost of pump & motor = 6000 P
• Daily working hours = 16 hrs
• Cost of 1 kw.hour = 0.2 L.E
• O & M of pipeline = 1 % of its capital cost
• 0 & M of pump and motor = 5 % of its capital cost
• Lifetime of pipeline = 15 years
• Life time of pump and motor = 10 years
• Interest rate = 10 %
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Solution :
d 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
A 0.1257 0.1590 0.1963 0.2376 0.2827 0.3318 0.3848
v 2.23 1.76 1.43 1.18 0.99 0.84 0.73
ϵ
d 0.000375 0.000333333 0.0003 0.000272727 0.00025 0.00023 0.000214286
Rn 881,570 783,618 705,256 641,142 587,714 542,505 503,755

f 0.0165 0.0162 0.0160 0.0159 0.0158 0.0157 0.0156
hf 130.22 71.17 41.53 25.55 16.43 10.95 7.53
H req 164.9 99.97 67.37 49.8 39.76 33.74 29.98
W.H.P 607.16 368.08 248.07 183.38 146.41 124.25 110.4
E.P 603.92 366.12 246.75 182.4 145.63 123.58 109.81
Cost of pipe/m 720 810 900 990 1080 1170 1260
Capital cost Pipes 9,000,000 10,125,000 11,250,000 12,375,000 13,500,000 14,625,000 15,750,000
Capital cost
1,350,000 1,518,750 1,687,500 1,856,250 2,025,000 2,193,750 2,362,500
Fittings
Capital cost
10,350,000 11,643,750 12,937,500 14,231,250 15,525,000 16,818,750 18,112,500
Pipeline
Interest rate 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Life time Pipeline 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
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d 400 450 500 550 600 650 700

Lifetime Pump 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Recovery factor
0.1315 0.1315 0.1315 0.1315 0.1315 0.1315 0.1315
Pipeline
Recovery factor
0.1627 0.1627 0.1627 0.1627 0.1627 0.1627 0.1627
Pump
Capital cost Pump 3,623,546 2,196,722 1,480,510 1,094,400 873,788 741,502 658,881
Annual cost
1,360,754 1,531 1,700,942 1,871,036 2,041,130 2,211,225 2,381,319
Pipeline
Annual cost Pump 589,715 357,506 240,946 178,109 142,205 120,676 107,230
Daily working
16 16 16 16 16 16 16
hours
Unit cost 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Annual electricity
705,384 427,629 288,206 213,043 170,097 144,346 128,262
cost
O & M Pipeline 103,500 116,438 129,375 142,313 155,250 168,188 181,125
O & M Pump 181,177 109,836 74,025 54,720 43,689 37,075 32,944
Annual running
990,061 653,902 491,606 410,076 369,037 349,608 342,331
cost
Total annual cost 2,940,530 2,542,256 2,433,495 2,459,221 2,552,372 2,681,509 2,830,880
Total volume trans 5,886,720 5,886,720 5,886,720 5,886,720 5,886,720 5,886,720 5,886,720
Unit cost 0.500 0.432 0.413 0.418 0.434 0.456 0.481
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3000000
2750000
2500000
Total annual cost
2250000
2000000
1750000
1500000
1250000
1000000
750000
500000
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Diameter
Use a pipeline of diameter 500 mm !
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Question No.9
Solution :
a-
b-
1450 3
Q= =0.034 m / sec
12×3600
d s=250 mm=0.25 m
Q 0.034
vs= → v s = π ×0.252 =0.69 m/ sec
As
4
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vs ds 0.69×0.25
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.0006
d 250
0.25
f=
R n=169,084 , ϵ =0.0006 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f s =0.02
f s L s v 2s 2
h f s= → h f s = 0.02×5×0.69 =0.01 m
2 g ds 2×9.81×0.25
d d =200 mm=0.2 m
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Q 0.034
vd= → d π ×0.2 2 =1.07 m /sec
v =
Ad 4
vd dd 1.07×0.2
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.15 =0.00075
d 200
0.25
f=
R n =211,355 , ϵ =0.00075 2
d →
[ (
log ϵ + 5.74
3.7 d R0.9
n
)]
f d =0.02
2
f L v 2
hf d= d d d → h f d = 0.02×70×1.07 =0.41 m
2 g dd 2×9.81×0.2
h f =h f s+h f d → h f =0.01+0.41=0.42 m
• Inlet losses :
v 2s 2
h i =k i × → h i =0.5× 0.69 =0.01 m
2g 2×9.81
• Exit losses :
2 2
vd
h e=k e × → h e=1× 1.07 =0.06 m
2g 2×9.81
2
v
h gate=k gate×
2g
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2 2
0.69 1.07
h gates=0.25× +0.25× =0.02 m
2×9.81 2×9.81
There are 2 check valves used in the pipeline system.
2 2 2
v → h che =3× 0.69 +3× 1.07 =0.25 m
h che =k che ×
2g 2×9.81 2×9.81
Losses through the bends :
r
o
θ=90 & =2.5 → k bend =0.265
d
2 2
v → h bends=3×0.265× 1.07 =0.05 m
h bend =k bend ×
2g 2×9.81
h sec =0.01+0.06+0.02+0.25+0.05=0.39 m
H req =14.1+0.42+0.39=14.91 m
γ Q H req
746
9810×0.034×14.91
W.H.P= =6.67 HP
746

W.H.P
ηt
6.67
E.H.P = =8.13 HP
0.82
c- To calculate the cost of transporting 1 m 3 of water :
Cost of pipe / m' = 1.3 d 1.2
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For suction pipe : =1.3×2501.2=980.6 L.E / m

Capital cost of suction pipe = 980.6×5=4,903 L.E
For delivery pipe : =1.3×2001.2=750.2 L.E / m
Capital cost of suction pipe = 750.2×70=52,514 L.E
Capital cost of pipes = 4,903+52,514=57,417 L.E
Capital cost of fittings = 0.15×57,417=8,613 L.E
Capital cost of pipeline = 57,417+8,613=66,030 L.E
I (1+I )n
Recovery factor = n
(1+I ) −1
0.1(1+0.1)15
Recovery factor for pipeline = 15
=0.1315
(1+0.1) −1
Annual cost of pipeline = 66,030×0.1315=8,683 L.E
Capital cost of pump & motor = 4500×P
= 4500×6.2=27,900 L.E
0.1(1+0.1)8
Recovery factor for pump & motor = 8
=0.1874
(1+0.1) −1
Annual cost of pump & motor = 27,900×0.1874=5,228 L.E
Annual running cost :
Annual cost=6.06×12×365×0.2=5,309 L.E
Total annual cost = 8,683+5,228+5,309=19,220 L.E
Each year , the water volume transported is :
3
1450×365=529,250 m which cost 19,220 L.E
19,220
To transport 1 m 3 , it costs : =0.036 L.E
529,250
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Question No.10
Given :
1230
• Q= =0.342 m3 / sec
3600
• Material used for the pipeline : G.R.P
• L=10.5 km=10,500 m
Solution :
a- v ≤1.5 m/ sec
Assume v=1.5 m/ sec
Q 0.342 π d 2 =0.228
A= = =0.228 ⇒ → d=538.8 mm
v 1.5 4
Choose d =550 mm
Q 0.342
v act = =π =1.438 m/ sec<1.5
Aact ×0.55 2
4
b-
ν=1.011×10−6 m 2 /sec
vd 1.438×0.55
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used is ' G.R.P ' → ϵ=0.03 mm
ϵ = 0.03 =0.000055
d 600
0.25
f=
R n=782,346 , ϵ =0.000055 → 2
d
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0131
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2 2
f Lv → h f = 0.0131×10,500×1.438 =26.406 m
hf=
2gd 2×9.81×0.55
We will neglect the secondary losses. ‫مقالش حاجة عنها‬

H s=21.90−14.45=7.45 m
The required pumping head :
H req=7.45+26.406+0=33.856 m
c- ηt =0.72
γ Q H req
746
9810×0.342×33.856
W.H.P= =152.26 HP
746

W.H.P
ηt
152.26
E.H.P = =211.48 HP
0.72
Electrical Power : E.P =E.H.P HP ×0.746=211.48×0.746=157.76 kW
d-
Daily working hours = 10 hours , cost of 1 kW.hour = 0.2 L.E
Annual cost=157.76×10×365×0.2=115,165 L.E
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Question No.11
Given :
2600
• Q= =0.722 m 3 / sec ' Water demand '
3600
• Material used for the pipeline : Cast iron.
• L=11.2 km=11,200 m
Solution :
a-Assume v =1.5 m/ sec
Q 0.722 π d 2 =0.481
A= = =0.481 ⇒
v 1.5 4
d=782.8 mm → Choose d=800 mm
Q 0.722
v act = =π =1.44 m / sec
Aact ×0.8 2
4
b-
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 1.44×0.8
Rn = ν → R n= −6
=1,136,946 ( Turbulent flow )
1.011×10
Material used is ' C.I ' → ϵ=0.25 mm
ϵ = 0.25 =0.0003125
d 800
0.25
f=
R n =1,136,946 , ϵ =0.0003125 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0158
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2
f Lv
hf=
2gd
2
0.0158×11,200×1.44
hf= =23.246 m
2×9.81×0.8
We will neglect the secondary losses.
By applying Bernoulli equation between a point at the surface of the clear water tank
1 and a point at the outlet 2 :
P 2 v 22 P 1 v 21
z 2+ γ + +h L1 → 2 =z 1+ γ + +H req
2g 2g
2 2
P v 1.44
z 2=54.75−2.50=52.25 m , 2 =25 m , 2
= =0.11 m ,
γ 2 g 2×9.81
2
v
z1 =19.85m , 1 =0 , P 1 =0 m
2g γ
h L1 → 2 =h f +h sec =23.246+0=23.246 m
52.25+25+0.11+23.246=19.85+0+0+H req
H req=80.756 m
c- ηt =0.74
γ Q H req
746
9810×0.722×80.756
W.H.P= =766.73 HP
746

W.H.P
ηt
766.73
E.H.P = =1036.12 HP
0.74
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Electrical Power : E.P =1036.12×0.746=772.95 kW

d-
Daily working hours = 16 hours , cost of 1 kW.hour = 0.2 L.E
Monthly cost =E.P× Daily working hours×30×Unit cost
Monthly cost =772.95×16×30×0.2=74,203 L.E
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Question No.12
Solution :
82
Q=82 m 3 / hr= =0.0228 m 3 / sec
3600
W.hr given=16 hr / day
a- d available=100 ,150 , 200 , 250 , ....... mm
Assume that v =1.5 m/ sec
Q
A=
v
0.0228 π 2
A= =0.0152 ⇒ 4 d =0.0152
1.5
d=0.139 m=139 mm → Choose d=150 mm
Q 0.0228
v act = → act π ×0.152 =1.29 m/ sec
v =
Aact 4
b-
H req =H s +h f
We will neglect the secondary ( minor ) head losses.
H req =21.8+h f
ν=1.011×10−6 m2 /sec
vd 1.29×0.15
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
2 2
f Lv → h f = f ×4,555×1.29 =2571.44 f
hf=
2gd 2×9.81×0.15
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0.25
f=
R n=191,240 , ϵ 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )] → f
! ‫هتختلف من ماسورة لماسورة‬ H req ‫ و‬h f ‫ و‬f ‫ و بالتالي قيمة الـ‬ϵ ‫كل نوع ماسورة ليه‬
ϵ
Pipe type ϵ d f hf H req
Cast Iron 0.25 0.00167 0.0235 60.53 82.33
Galvanized Steel 0.15 0.00100 0.0212 54.62 76.42

Reinforced
0.3 0.00200 0.0245 63.05 84.85
Concrete
G.R.P 0.03 0.00020 0.0172 44.3 66.1
c- To draw the system curve :

H req =21.8+h f
f (4,555)v 2
hf=
2(9.81)(0.15)
=1547.74 f v 2 → H req =21.8+1547.74 f v 2
For the cast iron pipes :
Q (m3 / hr ) v (m/ sec) Rn f H req (m)

0 0 0 0 21.80
20 0.31 46,644 0.0262 25.80
40 0.63 93,288 0.0245 36.81
60 0.94 139,932 0.0239 54.71
82 1.29 191,240 0.0235 82.33
100 1.57 233,220 0.0233 111.10
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For the galvanized steel pipes :

0 0 0 0 21.80
20 0.31 46,644 0.0244 25.53
40 0.63 93,288 0.0225 35.56
60 0.94 139,932 0.0217 51.68
82 1.29 191,240 0.0212 76.42
100 1.57 233,220 0.0210 102.11
For the reinforced concrete pipes :

0 0 0 0 21.80
20 0.31 46,644 0.0269 25.92
40 0.63 93,288 0.0254 37.36
60 0.94 139,932 0.0249 56.02
82 1.29 191,240 0.0245 84.85
100 1.57 233,220 0.0243 114.90
For the G.R.P pipes :

0 0 0 0 21.80
20 0.31 46,644 0.0218 25.14
40 0.63 93,288 0.0192 33.55
60 0.94 139,932 0.0180 46.59
82 1.29 191,240 0.0172 66.10
100 1.57 233,220 0.0168 86.02
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System curves :
cast iron
galvanized steel
reinforced
concrete
System curve
g.r.p
140
120
100
Required pumping head
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Discharge
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Pump selection :
Galvanized Reinforced
Type Cast Iron G.R.P
Steel Concrete
Pump number 8 7 8 6
Qo 84 83 83.5 83
Ho 85.3 77.7 87.1 67.1
W.H.P 26.54 23.89 26.94 20.63
ηt 75 76 75.5 75
E.H.P 35.38 31.43 35.68 27.5
E.P 26.36 23.41 26.58 20.49
Actual working hours 15.62 15.81 15.71 15.81
Cost/m 270 165 120 195
Capital cost pipe 1,229,850 751,575 546,600 888,225
Capital cost pump 77,000 73,000 77,000 69,000
Lifetime of pipeline 25 15 25 10
Lifetime of pump 12 12 12 12
Recovery factor pipeline 0.1102 0.1315 0.1102 0.1627
Recovery factor pump 0.1468 0.1468 0.1468 0.1468
Annual cost pipe C 1 135,490 98,812 60,218 144,555
Annual cost pump C 2 11,301 10,714 11,301 10,127
Annual cost electricity 30,056 27,018 30,487 23,643
Annual O & M cost
12,299 7,516 5,466 8,882
pipeline
Annual O & M cost pump 3,850 3,650 3,850 3,450
Annual running cost C 3 46,205 38,184 39,803 35,976
Total annual cost C 192,996 147,710 111,322 190,657
e- The most suitable design is using Reinforced concrete pipeline with pump number 8
as this design achieves the minimum total annual cost.
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Question No.13
Solution :
1350 hr
Q=1350 m 3 / day= =0.03125 m 3 / sec & W.hr given=12
12×3600 day
Material used for pipes : Galvanized steel.
a- d available=100 ,150 , 200 , 250 , ....... mm
Q
A=
v
0.03125 π 2
A= =0.0208 ⇒ 4 d =0.0208
1.5
d=0.163 m=163 mm → Choose d=200 mm
Q 0.03125
v act = → act π ×0.2 2 =0.99 m /sec
v =
Aact 4
b-
H req =H s +h f
Note : There are two pumping stations.
! ‫كأنهم مسألتين و هنحل كل مسألة لوحدها خالص‬
H s1 =41.35−21.43=19.92 m
H s 2 =69−41.35=27.65m
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 0.99×0.2
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
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Material used : Galvanized steel → ϵ=0.15

0.25
f=
R n=196,779 , ϵ =0.00075 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0202
f L v2
hf=
2gd
2
0.0202×7,430×0.99
h f 1= =37.77 m
2×9.81×0.2
2
0.0202×8,270×0.99
h f 2= =42.04 m
2×9.81×0.2
H req 1=H s 1 +h f 1 → H req1 =19.92+37.77=57.69 m
H req 2 =H s 2 +h f 2 → H req 2=27.65+42.04=69.69 m

c- The two pump stations will be replaced by one powerful intake pumping station :
H req =H req 1+ H req 2
H req=57.69+69.69=127.38 m
d-
i- First , we should draw the system curves :
For P.S 1 :
H req 1=19.92+h f 1
2
f (7,430)v 2
h f 1= =1893.48 f v → H req 1=19.92+1893.48 f v 2
2(9.81)(0.2)
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0 0 0 0 19.92
40 0.35 69,966 0.0224 25.21
80 0.71 139,932 0.0207 39.55
112.5 0.99 196,779 0.0202 57.69
160 1.41 279,864 0.0197 94.59
For P.S 2 :
H req 2 =27.65+h f 2
f (8270) v 2 2
→ 2
h f 2= =2107.54 f v H req 2 =27.65+2107.54 f v
2(9.81)(0.2)
0 0 0 0 27.65
40 0.35 69,966 0.0224 33.54
80 0.71 139,932 0.0207 49.5
112.5 0.99 196,779 0.0202 69.69
160 1.41 279,864 0.0197 110.76
For the powerful intake pumping station replacing the two above stations :
2
H req =H req 1+ H req 2 → H req =47.57+4001.02 f v
0 0 0 0 47.57
40 0.35 69,966 0.0224 58.76
80 0.71 139,932 0.0207 89.06
112.5 0.99 196,779 0.0202 127.38
160 1.41 279,864 0.0197 205.36
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Then , we draw the system curves :
System curve
160
140
120
100
P.S #1
P.S #2
Head
80 Powerful P.S
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Discharge
Pump selection :
For the 1st pump station : Use pump number 7
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160
140
120
100
Head (Meters)
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Discharg e (Cubic meter/hour)
For the 2nd pump station :

Use pump number 8
180
160
140
120
100
Head (Meters)
80
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
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For the powerful pump station :

Use pump number 19
450
400
350
300
250
Head (Meters)
200
150
100
50
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Case P.S #1 P.S#2 Powerful P.S

Pump number 7 8 19
Qo 114.8 112.6 113.3
Ho 59.2 69.8 128.5
W.H.P 25.17 29.11 53.92
ηt 69 69 69
E.H.P 36.48 42.19 78.15
E.P 27.18 31.43 58.22
Actual working hours 11.76 11.99 11.92
Cost/m 240
Capital cost pipe 1,783,200 1,984,800 3,768,000
Capital cost fittings 267,480 297,720 565,200
Capital cost pipeline 2,050,680 2,282,520 4,333,200
Capital cost pump 108,500 114,000 174,500
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Lifetime of pipeline 20
Lifetime of pump 10
Recovery factor pipeline 0.1175
Recovery factor pump 0.1627
Annual cost pipe 209,454 233,134 442,588
Annual cost pump 17,658 18,553 28,399
Annual cost power 23,330 27,508 50,641
Annual O & M cost
20,507 22,825 43,332
pipeline
Annual O & M cost pump 5,425 5,700 8,725
Annual running cost 49,262 56,033 102,698
Total annual cost 276,374 307,720 573,685
The total annual cost of system 1 : 276,374+307,720=584,094 L.E
The total annual cost of system 2 : 573,685 L.E 

e- The most suitable water transport system is using the powerful pump station as this
system achieves the minimum total annual cost. ( 573,685 L.E )
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Question No.14
Solution :
The water treatment plant will be upgraded to about double its capacity.
Existing pump : NM4 150/400-C
d=0.25 m=250 mm
L=5.6 km=5,600 m
Material used : Galvanized steel
a- To draw the system curve :
H req =H s +h f
H s=41.50−25.70=15.8 m
H req =15.8+h f
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd v×0.25
Rn = ν → R n=
1.011×10−6
2
f L v2 f (5,600)v
hf= → hf= =1141.692 f v 2
2gd 2(9.81)(0.25)
H req =15.8+1141.692 f v 2
Material used for pipes : Galvanized steel → ϵ=0.15 mm
ϵ = 0.15 =0.0006
d 250
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0.25
f=
Rn , ϵ =0.0006 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )] → f
m3 v
m
Rn H req m
Q f
hr sec
0 0 0 0 15.8
90 0.509 142580 0.020 21.73
180 1.019 285160 0.019 38.23
265 1.500 419818.89 0.019 63.35
360 2.037 570320 0.018 102.35
The system curve :
System curve
120
100
80
Head
60
40
20
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Discharge
b- By plotting the performance curve of the existing pump on the same graph of the
system curve , the point of intersection between both curves represents the operation
point.
Therefore :
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3
Operating pumping discharge : Q o =200 m / hr
Operating pumping head : H o=44 m

Pump system efficiency : ηt =68 %
c- The new pumping discharge :
3
Q=2×200=400 m / hr
Check for velocity of flow through pipes :
Q
v=
A
400
3600
v= π 2
=2.263 m/ sec
×0.25
4
m
v>2 which is unsafe , so we will have to decrease the discharge or increase
sec
the diameter.
The pipeline system will not be replaced , so we will have to decrease the discharge.
v act =2 m/ sec
Q act =A v act
Q act = π ×0.252 ×2=0.0982 m3 / sec=353 m3 / hr
4
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Question No.15
Solution :
3
• Q=88 lit / sec=88×3.6=316.8 m / hr
• L=4.5 km=4,500 m
a- d available =200 , 250 ,....... mm
Q
A=
v
0.088 π 2
A= =0.059 ⇒ 4 d =0.059
1.5
d=0.27331 m=273.31 mm → Choose d=300 mm
Q 0.088
v act = → v act = π ×0.32 =1.245 m/ sec
Aact
4
b-
H req =H s +h f
H s= Delivery level−Suctionlevel → H s=22.65−28.40=−5.75 m
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 1.245×0.3
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used : Galvanized steel → ϵ=0.15 mm
ϵ = 0.15 =0.0005
d 300
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0.25
f=
R n =369,420 , ϵ =0.0005 → 2
d
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0181
2 2
f Lv → h f = 0.0181×4,500×1.245 =21.41 m
hf=
2gd 2×9.81×0.3
H req=−5.75+21.41=15.66 m
H req =−5.75+h f
f (4,500) v 2 2
hf= =764.53 f v → H req =−5.75+764.53 f v 2
2(9.81)(0.3)
0 0 0 0 -5.75
100 0.39 116,610 0.0200 -3.39
200 0.79 233,220 0.0187 3.07
300 1.18 349,830 0.0181 13.52
316.8 1.24 369,420 0.0181 15.66
400 1.57 466,439 0.0178 27.94
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System Curve :
System curve
30
25
20
15
Head
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
-5
-10
Discharge
Pump Selection :
From family curve → N4 150-315
The following graph shows the operating point of the system as the intersection
between the system curve and the performance curve :
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System Curve VS Operation Curve
40
35
30
25
20
Head
15
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
-5
-10
Discharge
Therefore :
! ‫هنستخدم الطلمبة اللي تحت خالص‬
Use pump N4 150/315 D/A

3
Q o =313.29 m / hr , H o =15.21 m , E.P =17.56 kW
d- To calculate the annual cost of the electrical power :
Mean operating hours = 12 hours per day
W.hr given ×Q d
W.hr actual =
Qo
12×316.8
W.hr actual = =12.13hours / day
313.29
Annual power cost =E.P×W.hr actual ×365×Unit cost
Annual power cost =17.56×12.13×365×0.2=15,549 L.E
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e- Without using any pump , the raw water flow rate between the two tanks is
represented by the intersection point between the system curve and the x-axis.
‫ كميــة الميـة اللـي هتمشـي فـي المواســير بنجبهــا مـن‬, ‫في حالـة عــدم وجـود طلمبــة علـي الخـط‬
! ‫ مع المحور الفقي‬system curve ‫ عند نقطة تقاطع الـ‬system curve ‫منحني الـ‬
H req=0 ‫يعني عند قيمة‬

H s=h f : ‫و ساعتها‬
3
Q=160 m / hr
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Question No. 16
Solution :
3
• Q=140 lit / sec=0.14 m / sec
• L=12.50 km=12,500 m
• Material used for pipeline : Cast iron
a- d available=300 , 350 , 400 , 450 ,....... mm
Q
A=
v
0.14 π 2
A= =0.0933 ⇒ 4 d =0.0933
1.5
d=0.345 m=345 mm → Choose d=350 mm
Q 0.14
v act = → v act = π ×0.352 =1.46 m/ sec
Aact
4
b-
H req =H s +h f
H s= Delivery level−Suctionlevel → H s=38.80−32.60=6.2 m
H req =6.2+h f
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 1.46×0.35
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used : Cast iron → ϵ=0.25
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0.25
f=
R n=572,228 , ϵ =0.00071 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0189
f L v2 2
→ hf= 0.0189×12,500×1.46
hf= =73.33 m
2gd 2×9.81×0.35
H req =6.2+73.33=79.53 m
3
Q req=0.14×3600=504 m /hr
Two parallel pumps → Use 2 equal pumps
For one pump :
Q req 504 3
Q p= = =252 m / hr
n 2
H p =H req =79.53 m
Use NM4 pumps !
Since H p >H given
Increase the pipe diameter !
Use d=400 mm
Q 0.14
v act = → act π ×0.42 =1.114 m/ sec
v =
Aact 4
vd 1.114×0.4
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used : Cast iron → ϵ=0.25
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0.25
f=
R n =498,992 , ϵ =0.000625 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0185
f L v2 2
→ hf= 0.0185×12,500×1.114
hf= =36.57 m
2g d 2×9.81×0.4
H req =6.2+36.57=42.77 m
For one pump :
Q req 504 3
Q p= = =252 m / hr
n 2
H p =H req =42.77 m
Use NM4 125/400-B pumps !
d- To draw the system curve :
H req =6.2+h f
f (12,500)v 2
hf= =1592.76 f v 2 → H req =6.2+1592.76 f v 2
2(9.81)(0.4)
m3 Q
lit
Rn H req
Q v f
hr sec
0 0 0 0 0 6.2
252 70 0.557 249515 0.0192 15.71
504 140 1.114 499030 0.0185 42.79
756 210 1.671 748545 0.0182 87.31
1008 280 2.228 998060 0.0181 149.23
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System Curve :
System curve
160
140
120
100
Head
80
60
40
20
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Discharge
Intersection between the pump curve and the system curve :
System curve
160
140
120
100
System curve
Head
80 Pump curve
60
40
20
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Discharge
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The operating point for one pump :

3
Q o =252 m /hr & H o=43 m
From the pump curve :
η=74 %
Actual operating time = 12 hours
e- In case of using one powerful pump instead of using two pumps in parallel :
Use NM4 150/400-A !
System curve
160
140
120
100
System curve
Head
80 Pump curve
60
40
20
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
Discharge
The operating point for the powerful pump :

Q o =459.4 m3 / hr & H o=38.4 m
From the pump curve :
η=74 %
504×12
Actual operating time = =13.16 hrs
459.4
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f-
In case of using 2 parallel pumps :
γQ p H p
For one pump : W.H.P=
746
252
9810× ×43
3600
W.H.P= =40.13 HP
746
W.H.P
E.P = η ×0.746
40.13
E.P = ×0.746=40.46 kW
0.74
Annual cost of electrical input power for the whole system :
Annual cost= E.P×Working hours×365×Unit cost×n
Annual cost=40.46×12×365×0.2×2=70,886 L.E
In case of using one powerful pump :
γQ p H p
W.H.P=
746
459.4
9810× ×38.4
3600
W.H.P= =65.34 HP
746
W.H.P
E.P = η ×0.746
65.34
E.P = ×0.746=65.87 kW
0.74
Annual cost of electrical input power for the whole system :
Annual cost= E.P×Working hours×365×Unit cost
Annual cost=65.87×13.16×365×0.2=63,280 L.E
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Question No.17
Solution :
900 3
• Q= m /hr =90 m3 / hr
10
• W.hr given=10 hours /day ( maximum )
• L=11,800 m
• Material used : PVC
i- d available=100,150 , 200 , 250 ,....... mm
Assume v=1.5 m/ sec
Q
A=
v
90
⇒ π d 2 =0.017
3600 4
A= =0.017
1.5
d=0.14567 m=145.67 mm → Choose d=150 mm
90
Q
v act = → v = 3600 =1.415 m / sec
Aact act π ×0.152
4
ii-
H req =H s +h f
H s= Delivery level−Suction level → H s=102.8−122.8=−20 m
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 1.415×0.15
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
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Material used : PVC → ϵ=0.003 mm

ϵ = 0.003 =0.00002
d 150
0.25
f=
R n =209,898 , ϵ =0.00002 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0156
f L v2 2
→ hf= 0.0156×11,800×1.415
hf= =124.94 m
2g d 2×9.81×0.15
H req=−20+124.94=104.94 m
iii- To draw the system curve :
H req =−20+h f
f (11,800)v 2
hf= =4009.51 f v 2 → H req=−20+4009.51 f v 2
2(9.81)(0.15)
Q (m3 / hr ) Q (lit / sec ) v (m/ sec) Rn f H req (m)
0 0 0 0 0 -20
18 5 0.28 41,980 0.0217 -13.04
36 10 0.57 83,959 0.0186 3.93
54 15 0.85 125,939 0.0172 29.59
72 20 1.13 167,918 0.0162 63.37
90 25 1.41 209,898 0.0156 104.94
108 30 1.70 251,877 0.0151 154.04
126 35 1.98 293,857 0.0147 210.49
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System Curve :
System curve
250
200
150
Head
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
-50
Discharge
iv- Pump selection :
250
200
150
Head (Meters)
100
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
-50
Discharg e (Liter/Sec)
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, ‫ مرتيــن‬pumps ‫ بتــاع الـ‬performance curves ‫ بيقــاطع الـ‬system curve ‫ الــ‬, Q demanded ‫عنــد الـ‬
‫ فـي‬Q demanded ‫ و المرة التانيــة بقيمــة أكــبر مـن‬pump II ‫ في حالة‬Q demanded ‫مرة بقيمة أقل من‬
! pump III ‫حالة‬
10 ‫ الكــبر علشــان أضــمن ان زمــن التشــغيل ميــزدش عــن الـ ـ‬Q ‫ لزم نختــار الـ‬, ‫فــي المســألة دي‬
10 ‫ زمــن التشــغيل هيزيــد عــن‬, ‫ القــل‬Q ‫ســاعات اللــي قــال عليهــم ) لــو حضــرتك اســتخدمت الـ‬
! ( ‫ساعات و بالتالي مش هحقق الشرط بتاعه‬
We will choose pump III !

3
lit m
Therefore : Q o =26 =93.6 , H o =114.3 m , ηt =90 %
sec hr
90
Actual working hours : ×10=9.62 hrs
93.6
d- To calculate the annual cost of the water transport system :
Case Pump
Pump number Pump III
Qo 93.6
Ho 114.3
W.H.P 39.62
ηt 90
E.H.P 44.03
E.P 32.8
Actual working hours 9.62
Cost/m 180
Capital cost pipeline 2,124,000
Capital cost pump 580,000
Lifetime of pump 8
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Recovery factor pump 0.1874

Annual cost pipe C 1 279,250
Annual cost pump C 2 108,718
Annual cost power 23,023
Annual O & M cost pipeline 21,240
Annual O & M cost pump 29,000
Annual running cost C 3 73,263
Total annual cost C 461,231
vi- Without using pumps :

h f =∣H s∣ → h f =20 m
f L v2 2
→ 20= f ×11800×v
hf =
2gd 2×9.81×d
f v2
30.0714 =1
d
Using iterations :
• 1st trial :
Assume that d=200 mm=0.2 m
90
3600
v act = π 2
=0.796 m/ sec
×0.2
4
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 0.796×0.2
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.003 =0.000015
d 200
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R n=157,423 , ϵ =0.000015 → f =0.0164

d
2
f Lv
hf=
2gd
2
0.0164×11,800×0.769
hf= =31.22 m > 20 m ( Refused )
2×9.81×0.2
• 2nd trial :
Assume that d=250 mm=0.25 m
90
3600
v act = π 2
=0.509 m/ sec
×0.25
4
ν=1.011×10−6 m 2 /sec
vd 0.509×0.25
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
ϵ = 0.003 =0.000012
d 250
R n=125,939 , ϵ =0.000012 → f =0.0171
d
2
f Lv
hf=
2gd
2
0.0171×11,800×0.509
hf= =10.68 m < 20 m ( O.K )
2×9.81×0.25
Therefore , use a pipeline of diameter 250 mm !
To get the operating discharge , we should use iterations again :
2
fv
30.0714 =1
d
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Q Q Q
v= = π 2= π =20.372 Q
A d ×0.25 2
4 4
2
f (20.372 Q) → 2
30.0714× =1 49920.735 f Q −1=0
0.25
Q (m3 / hr ) Q (lit / sec ) v Rn f L.H.S
108 30 0.61 151,126 0.0165 -0.26
144 40 0.81 201,502 0.0156 0.25
129.6 36 0.73 181,352 0.0159 0.03
127.45 35.4 0.72 178,345 0.0160 0
3
Q o =35.4 lit / sec=127.45 m /hr
90
Actual working hours : ×10=7.06 hrs
127.45
To get the annual cost of this system :
It is equal only to the annual cost of the pipes and fittings !
Case Without Pump
Cost/m 300
Capital cost pipeline 3,540,000
Annual cost pipe 465,417
Annual O & M cost pipeline 35,400
Total annual cost 465,417
vii-
Using a pump in the system is more economical !
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Question No.18
Solution :
3
• Q=200 lit / sec×3.6=720 m /hr
• L=3,500 m
Material used : Cast iron
a- d available=300 , 350 , 400 ,....... mm
Q
A=
v
0.2 π 2
=0.133 m ⇒ 4 d =0.133
2
A=
1.5
d=0.412 m=412 mm → Choose d=450 mm
Q 0.2
v act = → act π ×0.452 =1.258 m / sec
v =
Aact 4
b-
H req =H s +h f
• In case of ' LWL ' :
Suction level = 14.00 m
H s=20−14=6 m
• In case of ' HWL ' :
Suction level = 16.00 m
H s=20−16=4 m
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
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vd 1.258×0.45
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used : Cast iron → ϵ=0.25 mm
ϵ = 0.25 =0.000556
d 450
0.25
f=
R n =633,931 , ϵ =0.000556
2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0179
2
f L v2 → h f = 0.0179×3,500×1.258 =11.23 m
hf=
2gd 2×9.81×0.45
In case of ' LWL ' :
H req =6+11.23=17.23 m
In case of ' HWL ' :
H req =4+11.23=15.23 m
To draw the system curve :
H req =H s +h f
f (3,500)v 2 2
hf= =396.42 f v
2(9.81)(0.45)
2
H req =H s +396.42 f v
Q H req H req
v Rn f
( Liter / sec ) LWL HWL
0 0 0 0 6 4
100 0.63 316844.45 0.0186 8.91 6.91
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Q H req H req
v Rn f
( Liter / sec ) LWL HWL
200 1.26 633688.89 0.0179 17.24 15.24
300 1.89 950533.34 0.0177 30.94 28.94
400 2.52 1267377.78 0.0176 50.02 48.02
500 3.14 1584222.23 0.0175 74.46 72.46
System Curve :
System curve
80
70
60
50
H.W.L
Head
40 L.W.L
30
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Discharge
c- Pump selection :
Use two pumps NM4 150/315-C in parallel.
In case of L.W.L :
Q o =707 m 3 /hr , H o=16.8 m
707 3
Discharge per pump = =353.5 m / hr
2
In case of H.W.L :
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Q o =733 m 3 / hr , H o=15 m
733
Discharge per pump = =366.5 m3 / hr
2
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Question No. 19
Solution :
3
• Q=390 lit / sec=0.39 m / sec
• L=11.60 km=11,600 m
• Material used for pipeline : Galvanized steel
a- d available=400 , 450 ,500 , ....... mm
Q
A=
v
0.39 π 2
A= =0.26 ⇒ 4 d =0.26
1.5
d=0.575 m=575 mm → Choose d=600 mm
Q 0.39
v act = → v act = π ×0.62 =1.3793 m/ sec
Aact
4
b-
H req =H s +h f
H req =5.8+h f
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 1.3793×0.6
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
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0.25
f=
R n=926,741 , ϵ =0.00025 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0153
2
f L v2 → h f = 0.0153×11,600×1.3793 =28.68 m
hf=
2g d 2×9.81×0.6
H req =5.8+28.68=34.48 m
3
Q req=0.39×3600=1404 m / hr
Use NM4 pumps !
Since Q req >Q given
Use 4 pumps in parallel ! ( NM4 150/400 )

H req =5.8+h f
2
f (11,600)v 2 2
hf= =985.39 f v → H req =5.8+985.39 f v
2(9.81)(0.6)
m3 Q
lit
Rn H req
Q v f
hr sec
0 0 0 0 0 5.8
702 195 0.690 463385 0.0160 13.32
1404 390 1.379 926770 0.0153 34.56
2106 585 2.069 1390155 0.0151 69.35
2808 780 2.759 1853540 0.0149 117.66
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System Curve :
System curve
140
120
100
80
Head
60
40
20
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Discharge
Use 4 pumps in parallel ! ( NM4 150/400-C )

System curve
140
120
100
80
Head
60
40
20
0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Discharge
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The operating point for the whole system :

3
Q o =1404 m / hr & H o=34.48 m
Qo 3
Qo p = =351 m / hr & H o p =H o =34.48 m
4
e-
P max
γ =34.48 m
1.5×34.48
Minimum pressure rating = =5 bar
10.33
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Question No. 20
Solution :
3
• Q=270 lit / sec=0.27 m / sec
• L=6.20 km=6,200 m
• Material used for pipeline : Galvanized steel
a- d available=400 , 450 ,500 , ....... mm
Q
A=
v
0.27 π 2
A= =0.18 ⇒ 4 d =0.18
1.5
d=0.479 m=479 mm → Choose d=500 mm
Q 0.27
v act = → v act = π ×0.52 =1.3751m / sec
Aact
4
b-
H req =H s +h f
H req =48.2+h f
−6 2
ν=1.011×10 m /sec
vd 1.3751×0.5
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
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0.25
f=
R n=769,933 , ϵ =0.0003 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0159
f L v2 2
→ hf= 0.0159×6200×1.3751
hf= =19 m
2g d 2×9.81×0.5
H req =48.2+19=67.2 m
3
Q req=0.27×3600=972 m /hr
c-
Use NM4 150/400 pumps !
Use three pumps in parallel , each line has two pumps in series !
H req =48.2+h f
2
f (6,200)v 2
→ 2
hf= =632 f v H req =48.2+632 f v
2(9.81)(0.5)
m3 Q
lit
Rn H req
Q v f
hr sec
0 0 0 0 0 48.2
324 90 0.458 256644 0.0173 50.5
648 180 0.917 513288 0.0163 56.88
972 270 1.375 769932 0.0159 67.26
1296 360 1.833 1026576 0.0157 81.63
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System Curve :
System curve
90
80
70
60
50
Head
40
30
20
10
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Discharge

3
Q o =1206 m / hr & H o=69 m
Qo 3 Ho
Qo p= =342 m / hr & H o p = =34.5 m
3 2
e-
ϵ=2 mm
1.3751×0.5
R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used : Galvanized steel → ϵ=2
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0.25
f=
R n =769,933 , ϵ =0.004 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0286
f L v2 2
→ hf= 0.0286×6200×1.3751
hf= =34.18 m
2gd 2×9.81×0.5
H req =48.2+34.18=82.38 m
3
Q req=0.27×3600=972 m /hr
2
H req =48.2+632 f v
m3 Q
lit
Rn H req
Q v f
hr sec
0 0 0 0 0 48.2
324 90 0.458 256644 0.0290 52.05
648 180 0.917 513288 0.0287 63.46
972 270 1.375 769932 0.0286 82.41
1296 360 1.833 1026576 0.0286 108.91
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System Curve :
System curve
120
100
80
Head
60
40
20
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Discharge

3
Q o =900 m / hr & H o=77 m
Qo 3 Ho
Qo p= =300 m /hr & H o p = =38.5 m
3 2
f- If one pump fails :
5 pumps only are operating !
The operating point for the whole old system :
3
Q o =720 m / hr & H o=67 m
The operating point for the whole new system :
3
Q o =780 m /hr & H o=60 m
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Question No. 21
Solution :
L=6.2 km=6,200 m
Reach 1 : A – C : L1=1800 m & d 1=250 mm ( G.S )
Reach 2 : C – B : L2 =4400 m & d 2=200 mm ( G.R.P )
a-
H req =H s +h f
H s= Delivery level−Suction level → H s=46−28=18 m
H req =18+h f
2 2
f L v2 f 1 L1 v 1 f 2 L2 v 2
hf = → hf= +
2gd 2 g d1 2 g d2
2 2
f 1 (1800)v 1 f 2 (4400)v 2
hf= +
2×9.81×0.25 2×9.81×0.2
h f =366.97 f 1 v 21 +1121.3 f 2 v 22
2 2
H req =18+366.97 f 1 v 1 +1121.3 f 2 v 2
lit
Q v1 v2 Rn 1 Rn 2 f1 f2 H req
sec
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18
40 0.815 1.27 228128 285160 0.0192 0.0160 51.75
50 1.019 1.59 285160 356450 0.0189 0.0156 69.41
60 1.222 1.91 342192 427740 0.0187 0.0153 90.65
70 1.426 2.23 399224 499030 0.0186 0.0150 115.45
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System Curve :
System curve
140
120
100
80 System curve
Head
Pump curve
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Discharge
From the intersection between the pump curve and the system curve :
Q o =52.5lit / sec & H o=74 m
b- When a second pump is attached to the first pump :
System curve
140
120
100
80 System curve
Head
Pump curve
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Discharge
www.MLZMTY.com
Qo =56 lit / sec & H o=82 m

c-
In case of using 1 pump only :
η=80 %
γ Qo H o
W.H.P=
746
52.5
9810× ×74
1000
W.H.P= =51.8 HP
746
W.H.P
E.P = η ×0.746
51.8
E.P = ×0.746=48.3 kW
0.8
Daily cost of operation = E.P ×Working hours×Unit cost
48.3×12×0.2=115.92 L.E
In case of using 2 pumps in parallel :
η=52 %
γ Qo p H o
W.H.P=
746
56
9810× ×82
2×1000
W.H.P= =30.61 HP
746
W.H.P
E.P = η ×0.746
30.61
E.P = ×0.746=43.92 kW
0.52
Daily cost of operation = E.P ×Working hours×Unit cost ×2
43.92×12×0.2×2=211 L.E
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Question No.22
Solution :
3
• Water volume per day = 15,000 m
• W.hr average =16 hours / day

15,000 3 3
• Q= m /hr=937.5 m / hr
16
• L=12,600 m
• Material used : Reinforced concrete
a- d available=400 , 450 ,500 , ....... mm
Q
A=
v
937.5
⇒ π d 2 =0.174
3600 4
A= =0.174
1.5
d=0.47016 m=470.16 mm → Choose d=500 mm
937.5
Q
v act = → v = 3600 =1.326 m/ sec
Aact act π ×0.52
4
b-
H req =H s +h f
We will neglect the secondary ( minor ) head losses. ( as given )
ν=1.011×10−6 m2 /sec
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vd 1.326×0.5
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used : Reinforced concrete → ϵ=0.3 mm
ϵ = 0.3 =0.0006
d 500
0.25
f=
R n =655,930 , ϵ =0.0006
2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0182
f L v2 2
→ hf= 0.0182×12,600×1.326
hf = =41.05 m
2gd 2×9.81×0.5
H req=14.2+41.05=55.25 m
H req =14.2+h f
f (12,600)v 2
=1284.4 f v 2 → 2
hf= H req =14.2+1284.4 f v
2(9.81)(0.5)
Q (m3 / hr ) Q (lit / sec ) v Rn f H req

0 0 0 0 0 14.2
180 50 0.25 125,939 0.0203 15.89
360 100 0.51 251,877 0.0191 20.56
540 150 0.76 377,816 0.0186 28.16
720 200 1.02 503,754 0.0184 38.67
937.5 260.42 1.33 655,930 0.0182 55.25
1080 300 1.53 755,632 0.0181 68.42
1260 350 1.78 881,570 0.0180 87.65
www.MLZMTY.com
System Curve :
100
90
80
70
60
Head (m)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Discharge (Liter/Second)
d- Pump selection :
Operation Point Operation Point
Pump III Pump IV
100
90
80
70
60
Head (m)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
www.MLZMTY.com
We will select the pump which achieves the minimal annual cost !
Pumps III and IV can be used in this system.
• In case of using Pump III :
100
90
80
70
60
Head (m)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Operating discharge < Demanded discharge

Actual operating hours > Average operating hours ( 16 hrs )
Q o =239 lit /sec , H o =49 m , η=82 %
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• In case of using Pump IV :
100
90
80
70
60
Head (m)
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Operating discharge > Demanded discharge

Actual operating hours < Average operating hours ( 16 hrs )
Q o =271 lit / sec , H o =59 m , η=88 %
Pump used Pump III Pump IV
Pump number III IV
Qo (lit / sec) 239 271
Q o (m3 /hr ) 860.4 975.6
Ho 49 59
W.H.P 43.37 59.22
η 82 88
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Pump used Pump III Pump IV
E.H.P 52.9 67.29
E.P 39.41 50.13
Actual working hours 17.43 15.38
Capital cost pump 520,000 590,000
Lifetime of pump 8 8
Recovery factor pump 0.1874 0.1874
Annual cost pump 97,471 110,592
Annual cost power 50,152 56,270
Annual O & M cost pump 26,000 29,500
Annual running cost 76,152 85,770

Total annual cost ( without
173,623 196,362
pipeline )
The total annual cost of Pump III is minimum , so we will select the pump III.
Therefore :
Qo =239 lit /sec , H o =49 m , η=82 % & W.hr actual =17.43 hrs
f-
• At point A :
By applying Bernoulli equation between points 1 & A :
1 → Point on the water surface inside the suction tank
2 2
P1 v1 P A vA
Z 1+ γ + +H o =Z A+ γ + +h L1 → A
2g 2g
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P v 21
Z 1=128.60 m , 1 , & H o =49 m
γ =0 2 g =0
P 1 v 21
Z 1+ γ + +H o =128.6+0+0+49=177.6 m
2g
860.4
Qo
v= → v = 3600 =1.22 m/ sec
A act π ×0.52
4
v 2A v 2C v 2D v 2B 1.22
2
= = = = =0.076 m
2 g 2 g 2 g 2 g 2×9.81
ν=1.011×10−6 m 2 /sec
vd 1.22×0.5
Rn = ν → R n= −6
1.011×10
Material used : Reinforced concrete → ϵ=0.3 mm
ϵ = 0.3 =0.0006
d 500
0.25
f=
R n =601,987 , ϵ =0.0006 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0182
2
f L v2 0.0182×(0)×1.22
h L1 → A= → h L1 → A= =0 m
2gd 2×9.81×0.5
2
P A vA P
Z A+ γ + +h L 1 → A =177.6 m → 128.6+ A +0.076+0=177.6
2g γ
PA 48.924
γ =48.924 m= =4.74 bars
10.33
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• At point C :
By applying Bernoulli equation between points 1 & C :
2 2
P1 v1 PC vC
Z 1+ γ + +H o =Z C + γ + +h L1 → C
2g 2g
2
0.0182×(2,000)×1.22
h L1 → C = =5.51 m
2×9.81×0.5
P C v 2C
Z C+ γ + +h L 1 →C =177.6 m
2g
PC
136.7+ γ +0.076+5.51=177.6
PC 35.314
γ =35.314 m= =3.42 bars
10.33
• At point D :
By applying Bernoulli equation between points 1 & D :
P 1 v 21 P D v 2D
Z 1+ γ + +H o =Z D + γ + +h L 1 → D
2g 2g
0.0182×(2,000+6,100)×1.222
h L1 → D= =22.3 m
2×9.81×0.5
2
PD vD
Z D+ γ + +h L1 → D =177.6 m
2g
PD
130.4+ γ +0.076+22.3=177.6
PD 24.824
γ =24.824 m= =2.40 bars
10.33
• At point B :
PB
γ =0
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• For the reach A−C :

Maximum pressure head occurs at A
PA
Minimum pressure rating = γ ×1.5
Minimum pressure rating =4.74×1.5=7.11 bars

From the table :
Use a pipe of size 500 mm with a pressure rating of 8
• For the reach C− D :
Maximum pressure head occurs at C
PC
Minimum pressure rating = γ ×1.5

From the table :
• For the reach D− B :

Maximum pressure head occurs at D
P
Minimum pressure rating = γD ×1.5

From the table :
g-
annual cost of the ‫ و قيمــة‬Annual cost of pump & motor ‫احنــا حســبنا قبــل كــدة قيمــة‬
‫و قيمــة الـ‬ annual cost of pipe ‫ و بالتــالي نــاقص نحســب قيمــة‬working electric power
! operation and maintenance of pipeline
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• For the reach A−C :

Cost of pipe per meter = 180 L.E
Capital cost = 180×2,000=360,000 L.E
• For the reach C− D :
Capital cost = 100×6,100=610,000 L.E
• For the reach D− B :
Capital cost = 90×4,500=405,000 L.E
Capital cost of pipe = 1,375,000 L.E
Capital cost of fittings = 0.15×1,375,000=206,250 L.E
Total capital cost of pipeline = 1,581,250 L.E
n
I (1+I ) 0.1(1+0.1)20
Recovery factor = n
= 20
=0.1175
(1+I ) −1 (1+0.1) −1
Annual cost of pipeline = 0.1175×1,581,250=185,797 L.E
O & M cost of pipeline = 0.01×1,581,250=15,813 L.E
Total annual cost of the water transport system =
173,623+185,797+15,813=375,233 L.E
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Question No.23
Solution :
3
Q=240 m /hr
L=4,200 m
Material used for pipeline : Galvanized steel
a- d available=150 , 200 , 250 ,....... mm
Q
A=
v
240
π d 2 =0.0444
3600 →
A= =0.0444 4
1.5
d=0.238 m=238 mm → Choose d=250 mm
Q
v act =
Aact
240
3600
v act = π 2
=1.358 m / sec
×0.25
4
b-
H req =H s +h f
H s=32.40−22.40=10 m
H req =10+h f
ν=1.011×10−6 m2 /sec
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vd 1.3581×0.25
Rn = ν → R n= −6
=380,207
1.011×10
The flow is turbulent !
0.25
f=
Rn =380207 , ϵ =0.0006 2
d →
[ ( 5.74
log ϵ + 0.9
3.7 d Rn )]
f =0.0186
f L v2
hf=
2gd
2
0.0186×4,200×1.358
hf= =29.38 m
2×9.81×0.25
H req =10+29.38=39.38 m
c- To draw the pump curve for the given system ( 4 pumps in operation ) :
Single pump 2 pumps in parallel 2 pumps in series 4 pumps
m3 Hp m3 Hp m3 Hp m3 Hp
Q Q Q Q
hr hr hr hr
0 30 0 30 0 60 0 60
40 27 80 27 40 54 80 54
80 21.5 160 21.5 80 43 160 43
120 13.5 240 13.5 120 27 240 27
160 0 320 0 160 0 320 0
www.MLZMTY.com
Pump Curve :
Pump curve
70.000
60.000
50.000
Single pump
40.000 2 pumps in parallel
Head
2 pumps in series
4 pumps
30.000
20.000
10.000
0.000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Discharge

2
H req =10+h f where h f = f (4,200) v 2
=856.27 f v
2(9.81)(0.25)
2
H req =10+856.27 f v
m3 Rn H req
Q v f
hr
0 0 0 0 10
40 0.226 63369 0.0221 10.97
80 0.453 126738 0.0203 13.56
120 0.679 190107 0.0195 17.71
160 0.905 253476 0.0191 23.4
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System Curve :
System curve
25
20
15
System curve
Head
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Discharge
System curve
70
60
50
40 System curve
Head
4 pumps
30
20
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Discharge
www.MLZMTY.com

3
Q o =212 m / hr & H o=34 m
η=89 %
Qo 3 Ho
Qo p= =106 m / hr & H o p = =17 m
2 2
γ Qo p H o p
W.H.P=
746
106
9810× ×17
3600
W.H.P= =6.674 HP
746
W.H.P
E.P = η ×0.746
6.674
E.P = ×0.746=5.594 kW
0.89
240×6
Actual working hours = =6.8 hrs
212
Daily cost of input electrical power = E.P ×Working hours×Unit cost ×4
= 5.594×6.8×0.2×4=30.43 L.E
e-
For case 1 :
Single pump 2 pumps in parallel
m3 Hp m3 Hp
Q Q
hr hr
0 30 0 30
40 27 80 27
80 21.5 160 21.5
120 13.5 240 13.5
www.MLZMTY.com
160 0 320 0
System curve
35
30
25
20 System curve
Head
2 pumps in parallel
15
10
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Discharge

3
Q o =150 m /hr & H o=22.5m
η=77 %
Qo 3
Q o p = =75 m /hr & H o p =H o =22.5 m
2
γ Qo p H o p
W.H.P=
746
75
9810× ×22.5
3600
W.H.P= =6.25 HP
75
W.H.P
E.P = η ×0.746
www.MLZMTY.com
6.25
E.P = ×0.746=6.1 kW
0.77
240×6
150
= 6.1×9.6×0.2×2=23.4 L.E
For case 2 :
Single pump 2 pumps in series
3 3
m Hp m Hp
Q Q
hr hr
0 30 0 60
40 27 40 54
80 21.5 80 43
120 13.5 120 27
160 0 160 0
System curve
70
60
50
40 System curve
Head
2 pumps in series
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Discharge
www.MLZMTY.com

3
Q o =132 m /hr & H o=20 m
η=68 %
3 Ho
Q o p =Q o=132 m / hr & H o p = =10 m
2
γ Qo p H o p
W.H.P=
746
132
9810× ×10
3600
W.H.P= =4.89 HP
746
W.H.P
E.P = η ×0.746
4.89
E.P = ×0.746=5.36 kW
0.68
240×6
132
= 5.36×10.9×0.2×2=23.4 L.E
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Question No. 25
Solution :
3
Q=85 lit / sec=0.085 m / sec
Material used for pipeline : Galvanized steel
a- d available=250 ,300 , 350 , 400 , 450 ,....... mm
Q
A=
v
0.085 π d 2 =0.0567
A= =0.0567 →
4
1.5
d=0.269 m=269 mm → Choose d=300 mm
Q
v act =
Aact
0.085
v act = π 2
=1.203 m/ sec
×0.3
4
b-
H req =H s +h f +Σ h sec
H s=28.20−12.80=15.4 m
H req =15.4+h f +Σ h sec
v2
Σ h sec =(0.5+10+0.21+0.27+1.5+0.25+0.19+0.27+1)
2g
2
1.2025
Σ h sec=14.19× =1.05 m
2×9.81
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vd
Rn = ν
1.2025×0.3
R n= −6
=403,975
1.011×10
The flow is turbulent !
R n=403,975 , ϵ =0.0005 → f =0.018
d
2
f Lv
hf=
2gd
L=8+4+3+4450+3000=7465 m
2
0.018×7,465×1.2025
hf= =33 m
2×9.81×0.3
H req =15.4+33+1.05=49.45 m
3
Q req=0.085×3600=306 m / hr
3
Q p =Q req =306 m / hr
H p =H req =49.45 m
Use NM4 pumps !
H req =H s +h f +Σ h sec
H req =15.4+h f +Σ h sec
2
v 2
Σ h sec=14.19× =0.723 v
2g
f (7,465)v 2 2
hf= =1268.26 f v
2(9.81)(0.3)
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H req =15.4+1268.26 f v 2+0.723 v 2
m3 Q
lit
Rn H req
Q v f
hr sec
0 0 0 0 0 15.4
306 85 1.203 403977 0.0180 49.41
612 170 2.405 807953 0.0174 147.33
810 225 3.183 1069350 0.0173 244.53
1224 340 4.810 1615907 0.0171 533.61
System Curve :
System curve
600
500
400
Head
300
200
100
0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Discharge
The operating point for the system :

Q o =319.5 m3 / hr & H o=51.8 m
c-
P atm P vapor
( )( )
2
v
@ NPSH = γ − γ − h s +hi +h f 1 +h b +h f 2 +
2g
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@ NPSH = 10.33−(23.83
100 )( (
− 15.4+ 0.5+10+0.21+
0.018×8
0.3
+1 × ) )
v2
2g
@ NSPH =7.19 m
From the pump curves :
NPSH req =3.2 m
Since @ NPSH > NPSH req ( O.K )
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Hydraulics - for third year civil engineering students

Water Pumps & Pipelines 6

Water Pumps & Pipelines 7

Water Pumps & Pipelines 8

a- Calculate the head losses in suction pipe and delivery pipe .

Water Pumps & Pipelines 9

a- Determine the total static head.

Water Pumps & Pipelines 10

HWL ( 28.70 ) L3 = 420 m

Water Pumps & Pipelines 11

City main pipe

Water Pumps & Pipelines 12

b- i-The required pumping head and the motor power.

ii-The Capital Cost of pipeline and pump & motor.

iii- The annual running cost

iv-The annual cost of pipeline and pump & motor.

Water Pumps & Pipelines 13

9- It is required to pump 1450 m3 water per day ( daily working hours = 12

b- Draw the hydraulic and total energy grade lines.

c- Calculate the cost of transporting 1.0 m3 of water.

Annual cost = C * [I (1+I)n / {(1+I) n – 1}]

Water Pumps & Pipelines 14

Intake Pumping Station

G.R.P. pipeline, L = 9.50 km

Water Pumps & Pipelines 15

Canal Outlet ( 54.75)

Intake pipe Clear water tank

Water Pumps & Pipelines 16

Pipe Type Cost of pipe & fittings / meter Life time

e- Select the suitable design ( type of pipe & pump number )

Water Pumps & Pipelines 17

Water Pumps & Pipelines 18

Water Pumps & Pipelines 19

Water Pumps & Pipelines 20

Water Pumps & Pipelines 21

Water Pumps & Pipelines 22

Water Pumps & Pipelines 23

Water Pumps & Pipelines 24

a- Draw the system curve.

. The mean operating time is 14 hours a day.

City elevated Tank

Canal L = 5.6 km,

Clear tank ( 25.70)

City elevated tank

Water Pumps & Pipelines 25

River small town

Intake P.S. ( 22.65)

It is proposed to pump the raw water at a rate of 88 liter/sec through a

b- Calculate the required pumping head.

. Mean operating time is 12 hours a day.

Water Pumps & Pipelines 26

e- If we replace the existing pumping system with only one powerful

. Mean operating time is 12 hours a day.

Water Pumps & Pipelines 27

Reach 2 Reach 3 Tank B

Water Pumps & Pipelines 28

Water Pumps & Pipelines 29

Intake P.S. ( 20.00)