CITIZENSHIP presented by:

GLOBAL
Francis Mauri Ubalde
Jemrod Suscano

CONTEMPORARY WORLD
 Global citizenship is all about encouraging young people to develop the
knowledge, skills and values they need to engage with the world. And it's about the
belief that we can all make a difference. (as cited Baraldi, 2012) defined global
citizenship "as a moral and ethical disposition that can guide the understanding of
individuals or groups of local and global contexts, and remind them of their relative
responsibilities within various communities." Global citizens are the glue which binds
local communities together in an increasingly globalized world.
We must remember that globalization is not a single phenomenon; rather, there are
many globalizations. While some need to be resisted, others are welcomed and
should be encouraged. They are bound to be multiple futures for multiple
globalizations. These globalizations created enemies because according to one
broad view, globalization failed to deliver its promises (Cohen, 2006). Involves the
systematic government intervention in foreign trade through tariffs and non-tariff
barriers inorder to encouragedomestic producers anddeter their
foreigncompetitors (McAleese, 2007).
Although there exists a widespread consensus regarding its inefficiency, trade
protectionism is still popular since it shields the domestic economy from systemic
shocks. Fair trade is a different approach to economic globalization, which
emerged as a counter to neoliberal "free trade" principles (Nicholls and Opal, 2005)
Fair trade aims at a more moral and equitable global economic system in which, for
instance, price is not set by the market; instead, it is negotiated transparently by
both producers and consumers. While it is popular among consumers in the North, it
has met only limited acceptance among producers (Ritzer, 2015).
It's ability to supply a mass market and its applicability to form of resistance to
helping the bottom li manufacture products are also doubted. (based on Collier
2007)
Increasing aid is only one of the many measures that are required. International
norms and standards can be adapted to the needs of the bottom billion. The
reduction of trade barriers would also reduce the economy marginalization of these
people and their nations. When it comes to dealing with political globalization,
increases accountability (Germain, 2004)
and transparency are the key issues. All political organizations, at different levels,
should be more accountable for their actions because they are now surrounded by
an "ocean of opacity" (Holzner and Holzner, 2006, p. 336).
Like global resistance to globalization is multiple, complex contradictory, and
ambiguous. This movement also has the potential to emerge as the new public
sphere, which may uphold progressive values such as autonomy, democracy, peace,
ecological sustainability, and social justice. These forces of resistance are
themselves products of globalization and can be seen as globalization from below
(Smith, 2008)
According to Della Porta et al. (2006), the Impetus for such a movement comes
from individuals, groups, and organizations which are oppressed by globalization
from above, they seek a more democratic process of globalization. However,
globalization from below also involves less visible, more right-wing elements, such as
the America First Party and the Taliban.
 The World Social Forum (WSF) is centered on addressing the lack of democracy in
economic and political affairs (Fisher and Ponniah, 2003). However, the diversity of
elements involved in WSF hinders the development of concrete political proposals. A
significant influence on WSF has been that of cyber activism which is based on the
"cultural logic of networking" (Juris, 2005) and "virtual movements,” such as Global
Huaren. This cyber public was formed as a protest against the violence,
discrimination, and hatred experienced by Chinese residents in Indonesia after the
1997 Asian financial crisis. (Ritzer, 2015)
Some foresee the continuing expansion of globalization both in general in well as in
more specific globalization. Others have a far more pessimistic vision of "Mad Max"
scenarios that could end the current era of globalization (Turner, 2007).

Across much of the globe over the past decade two of the most powerful
organizing processes have been those of citizenship' and globalization'. They have
swept much else before them, reconstituting social and political life. In the case of
citizenship, movements to demand rights of national citizenship have been
enormously powerful in one continent after another

From a socio-cultural perspective, attention turns to the dialectical strains between

global and local cultural changes. There is a “tension between the ways in which
globalization brings forth more standardization and cultural homogeneity, while also
bringing more fragmentation through the rise of locally oriented movements”
(Burbules & Torres, 2000, p. 14). The ability for cultural homogeneity and cultural
heterogeneity to exist concurrently through “integration” and “internationalization” is
a manifestation of globalization that moves beyond the economic consequences
(Rhoads & Torres, 2006, p.8).

Held, McGrew, Goldblatt, and Perraton (1999) offered a broad definition of

globalization that unites the varying perspectives. According to them, “Globalization
can usefully be conceived as a process (or set of processes) which embodies a
transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions,
generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity,
interaction and power.” Changes in the “spatial organization of social relations and
transactions” also raise questions about the degree to which conceptions of
citizenship may need to be redefined given the growing prominence of
globalization.
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