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Procrastination and Academic Performances
Procrastination and Academic Performances
Procrastination and Academic Performances
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The word procrastination originated from the Latin verb procrastinare, meaning
delaying work on an important task contrary to one's initial intention, despite being aware
objective and obstructing a person's stated goals by delaying something until it is too late
or almost too late. The high level of certainty required before making a decision causes
people to take longer to accomplish tasks and look into more options.
a task that needs to be accomplished. He further states that procrastinating is the process
of doing more pleasurable things in place of less pleasurable ones, or carrying out less
urgent tasks instead of more urgent ones, thus putting off impending tasks until a later
time.
sequence of postponement; producing a poor behavioral product; involving a task that the
pessimistic procrastinator. Optimistic procrastinator tends to delay their task until it’s
2
due, for the reason that they know to themselves that they can finish the task in the given
allotted time. Nevertheless, they often overestimate their skill and when the given due is
coming closer they mostly couldn’t finish the task that was given to them for the reason
that they no longer have the sufficient time required for the project.
Pessimistic procrastinator however, do also know that they have a task to do, and
are aware of the fact that they get left behind with the schedule but chooses to not engage
with it, for the reason that they often have no idea how to deal with the given task. They
feel incompetent and are afraid that their involvement will further prove their
incompetence, therefore they choose to delay the task to avoid unpleasant situations.
in 1984.
Moreover, a widespread and persistent tendency on the part of students to put off
known, almost commonplace phenomenon. Students often delay tasks and activities
inherent to learning and studying, despite knowing that they will be worse off because of
challenge, as they navigate the transition from lower levels of education to the more
Senior High School students at Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High School, with a focus on
identifying the causes and effects of procrastination, as well as potential solutions to this
problem. To achieve this goal, the study will utilize a mixed-methods approach that
Hence, this study will involve administering a survey to a sample of senior high
school students, which will gather data on the frequency and nature of procrastination
among students, as well as factors that may contribute to this behavior, such as
The interviews will cover topics such as the specific tasks and activities that
students tend to procrastinate on, the reasons why they procrastinate, and the strategies
examining the experiences and perspectives of students, as well as the factors that
about this phenomenon and provide actionable recommendations for educators, parents,
and students.
The findings of this study may inform the development of interventions and
strategies that can help senior high school students at Don Mariano Gonzalvo Memorial
High School overcome procrastination and achieve their academic and personal goals.
effective intervention strategies, this study can contribute to the development of programs
and interventions that can help students overcome procrastination behavior. This research
can also serve as a guide for educators and practitioners in addressing the issue of
This research aims to investigate the level of procrastination and the Academic
performance of senior high school students at Don Mariano Gonzalvo Memorial High
School. Specifically, the study seeks to address the following research questions:
1.) What is the level of procrastination among Senior High Dchool students of Don.
2.) What are the sources of the Senior High School students' procrastination
behavior?
3.) What is the level of academic performance among senior high school students of
4.) Is there a difference in the level of procrastination between Grade 11 and Grade
insights into the phenomenon of procrastination among senior high school students
Hypotheses
grade 12 students.
This section contains the past related literature and studies of researchers that
Procrastination
As the deadline for tasks approaches, the quality of work diminishes, and stress
overwhelms the individual, leading to "Procrastination at its Peak." This Filipino mañana
6
significant obstacle in managing their time as they tend to give priority to activities they
enjoy over their academic work. Due to having multiple responsibilities, including
household chores and other activities aside from school-related tasks, students often
neglect their academic responsibilities and engage in more enjoyable activities instead.
achievement, including worse marks and course dropouts (Aremu et al., 2011, Balkis,
2013).
Current programs mostly focus on individual behavior change (e.g., enhancing time
Klingsieck, 2018). Human behavior, however, is the outcome of the interaction between a
person and their environment (Blum et al., 2018; Furr & Funder, 2021).
Therefore, it could be argued that situational and social procrastination factors, like
group work, can be taken into account to improve interventions. Numerous studies in
education and social psychology demonstrate that group work can result in higher
individual effort and performance than individual work if the individual's contribution is
crucial to the success of the group (Johnson et al., 2007; Torka et al., 2021;).
7
something for the group can reduce the bad habit of those who procrastinate a lot, rather
breaking down large assignments into smaller subtasks that are done by individual
Larger group assignments are frequently broken down into smaller, individual
projects by student groups, making these smaller activities crucial to the success of the
group. When compared to individual work, group work can result in greater enjoyment,
Other research has been unable to uncover this connection. In reality, it's possible
that being indispensable could be seen as a burden, such as the worry of disappointing the
Academic Performances
achievement, such as lower grades and course withdrawals (Aremu et al., 2011, Balkis,
2013).
A.M. Ilchenko (2015), argues that many students tend to procrastinate because they
prefer doing things that are more enjoyable and less stressful at the moment.
tasks out of their own free will, and they consider such tasks as intriguing, valuable, or
having personal significance. Consequently, such students are more likely to experience a
regulation, are linked to a higher level of positive emotions and a lower level of negative
In a study conducted by Arnott and Dacko (2014), they investigated the submission
students from the University of Warwick Business School over a period of five years.
The submission times were categorized into 18-time intervals, ranging from "up to the
last 24 hours" to "the last minute." The results showed that students who submitted their
work at least a day before the deadline received a mean grade of approximately 64, while
those who waited until the last minute earned a mean grade of 59.
The study also found that 86.1% of the students waited until the last 24 hours to
turn in their work, receiving an average score of 64.04, compared to early submitters’
average score of 64.32. Interestingly, the average score for the most part continued to
drop by the hour, with those who waited until the last minute to turn in the assignment
The study concluded that students who submitted their assignments at the last
minute faced a 5% reduction in marks when compared to those who submitted their
tasks under time pressure and juggling multiple tasks simultaneously, leading to subpar
work quality and potentially lower grades (Patrzek et al., 2012; Grunschel et al., 2013).
9
Several research studies, including those conducted by Kim and Seo (2015) and
Zhang et al. (2018), have shown that academic procrastination is widespread among
university students and is linked to lower academic achievement and higher levels of
stress.
involves starting work on tasks only when the deadline is approaching; Avoider, which
involves putting off tasks for an extended period; and Decisional, which involves
postponing decisions.
Additionally, Batool, Khursheed, and Jahangir (2017) pointed out two types of
decisions and tend to delay tasks until the last minute, and Active Procrastinators, who
delay their plans but are still able to complete tasks on time.
efficacy. The rationale behind this is that when students engage in academic
Kim and Seo (2015) conducted a meta-analysis of 33 studies that involved 38,529
performance. The analysis indicated that there was a negative correlation between
However, this relationship was not statistically significant and was influenced by
the choice of measures or indicators, as well as the use of self-report scales and
10
demographic characteristics of the respondents. The study also found that academic
students.
In recent years, academic procrastination has been the focus of several studies
conducted by different researchers (Hussain & Sultan, 2010; Kandemir, 2014; Shaked, &
Altarac, 2022). These researchers have found that students who procrastinate in their
academic tasks may experience negative consequences due to this behavior (Kandemir,
outcomes, as students delay their duties in a manner that impedes their ability to perform.
However, identifying the reasons behind this behavior can help to control it (Kandemir,
2014).
absence of kindness and acceptance when they fail to act on their intended actions. These
negative self-evaluations can contribute to the stress related to procrastination and further
In 2017, a study was published which provides evidence supporting this notion.
The study found a link between specific types of procrastination and neuroticism, a
Bailey (2017) recommended that it is beneficial to continue with tasks once you
have started them. Completing tasks promptly without delay would prevent last-minute
cramming.
Sirois and Pychyl (2013) suggested that individuals who procrastinate are likely to
experience adverse effects on their mental health, including feelings of guilt, shame, and
their long-term objectives, such as substance abuse, overeating, or other forms of self-
destructive behavior.
alcohol abuse, and poor sleep habits. The study also found that procrastinators were less
psychological distress. They administered an online survey to 837 Swedish adults, which
exhibited greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. The researchers postulated
that although procrastination might initially function as a coping mechanism for those
distress.
12
In a study by Sirois and Kitner (2015), the correlation between procrastination and
health behaviors was examined. The research involved 181 respondents who were
surveyed and assessed for their levels of procrastination and participation in healthy and
The study found that individuals with higher levels of procrastination were more
likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors and less likely to participate in healthy behaviors.
This suggests that procrastination may hinder a person's ability to make positive health
psychological well-being (Bu et al., 2021; Çelik & Odaci, 2020; Krause & Freund, 2014),
higher anxiety and stress (Argiropoulou & Patra, 2020; Sirois & Tosti, 2012; Tice &
Baumeister, 2013), and lower academic achievement (Gareau et al., 2018; Kim & Seo,
Park and Sperling (2014) conducted a study to investigate the motives and reasons
for procrastination concerning self-regulated learning in academic tasks. The study aimed
to understand the differences in the learning strategies used by high and low
procrastinators.
The results of the study revealed that individuals with high tendencies to
procrastinate were less likely to use cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies
conclusion, people with high procrastination tendencies tended to lack effective self-
Sirois and Pychyl (2013), conducted a study to explore how procrastination relates
with self-regulatory failure, indicating that individuals who procrastinate may have
This inability to self-regulate can lead to adverse outcomes, such as lower job
satisfaction, poor academic performance, and decreased well-being. The study also found
that procrastination was linked to higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, which
further underscore the negative impact of procrastination on personal behavior and well-
being. In conclusion, the study suggests that procrastination is not just a behavior that can
result in negative outcomes, but also a manifestation of underlying problems with self-
Fuschia Sirois, Ph.D. (2015), who is currently affiliated with the University of
Sheffield in the United Kingdom, states that individuals who engage in procrastination
avoiding a task may initially provide temporary relief, procrastination typically leads to
self-imposed stress and ultimately worsens how a person feels. (Sirois and Pychyl, 2013).
conducted by Haghbin and Pychyl (2013), respondents were asked to report how much of
significant negative impact, with 18% reporting an "extreme negative effect." The study
procrastination and personality traits, self-efficacy, and self-esteem was explored. The
esteem. The authors proposed that these personality traits and beliefs may have a
of the underlying factors that contribute to procrastination and emphasizes the importance
Similarly, numerous studies conducted among college students have indicated that
(Turban et al., 2013; Blouin-Hudon and Pychyl, 2015; Balkis and Duru, 2016; Choy and
SYNTHESIS
delays in task completion, forgetfulness, and behavioral rigidity. Many affected students
15
to poor grades and course dropouts (Aremu et al., 2011; Balkis, 2013; Gocotano, 2018).
Students tend to prioritize enjoyable activities over their academic work, considering
dysfunctional thoughts (van Eerde & Klingsieck, 2018). However, studies in education
and social psychology have shown that situational and social procrastination factors, like
group work, should be taken into account to improve interventions (Johnson et al., 2007;
Group work can result in higher individual effort and performance than individual
work, especially when the individual's contribution is crucial to the group's success
(Hertel et al., 2018). Nonetheless, being unaware of what to do could lead to negative
effects, such as the worry of disappointing other group members (Samendinger et al.,
2017, 2019).
juggling multiple tasks simultaneously, and producing subpar work quality, potentially
Arnott and Dacko (2014) found that students who submitted their assignments at
the last minute received lower grades than those who submitted their assignments 24
autonomous motivation and positive emotions and a lower level of negative emotions in
students, as shown by studies conducted by Kim and Seo (2015) and Zhang et al. (2018).
physical health, as well as their academic and professional performance. Studies have
shown that individuals who procrastinate often experience decreased levels of self-
less likely to participate in healthy ones, hindering their ability to make positive health
changes. Procrastination has also been linked to lower psychological well-being, higher
self-imposed stress and worsens how a person feels. It is important to recognize the
Conceptual Framework
To better conceptualize the findings of the level of procrastination and its effect
Procrastination Academic
Level: Performance:
-Very High
-High -Outstanding
-Average -Very
-Low Satisfactory
-Very Low -Satisfactory
-Fairly
Sources : Satisfactory
-Social -Did not meet-
-Personal expectation
-Emotional
Interventions
Students:
level of procrastination among senior high school students of Don Mariano Gonzalvo
Memorial High School, this study can provide valuable data for future research on this
topic.
Teachers:
Parents:
This research can help parents equip themselves with knowledge about procrastination
and its impact, enabling them to guide their children more effectively.
Future Researchers:
This research can serve as a foundation for future research in the field. Inform future
interventions, provide insights for researchers to develop and test interventions aimed at
Researchers themselves
educational fields This study also enhances the professional development of researchers
Community
tackling a relevant issue in the community, the study fosters collaboration between
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
researcher in conducting this study. It includes explanation on the research methods and
procedures and also the instruments used in the treatment of the data. The kind of sources
of data gathered and the manner of organizing and interpreting them are also presented.
Research Design
To effectively identify the level of procrastination among the senior high school
students in Don M. Gonzalvo, the researchers will provide a series of survey questions to
several respondents. The research will utilize quantitave methods. The researchers will
sources, effects of procrastination, and even the difference between the level of
The survey will utilize a Likert scale to measure procrastination and academic
performance. The study will ensure ethical conduct by obtaining informed consent from
all respondents, and anonymity and confidentiality will be maintained throughout the
study.
Definition of Terms
Procrastination
is the tendency to put off tasks until the last possible moment or beyond, despite negative
21
primary behavior that will be measured and studied among high school students.
Academic procrastination
will be measured by each student if they happen to have this kind of behavior.
Academic performance
Very High
the highest scores. In the present study, it refers to the rate at how often an individual
procrastinates.
High
Average
Low
Very Low
Dictionary). In the present study, it refers to the small amount of procrastination habit of
an individual.
Outstanding
Very Satisfactory
average of 85-89.
Satisfactory
Fairly Satisfactory
Refers to “not having all that is needed or expected” (Merriam Webster). In the
Personal factors
feelings, and behaviors (The Definition.com). In the present study, it refers to the
Mental Factors
Defined as the aspect of the mind that apprehends a particular quality of an object
(Wikipedia). In the present study, it refers to the possible sources of ones procrastination
habits.
Emotional Factors
A performer's feelings and how these can influence the outcome of any activity
(BBC.co). In the present study, it refers to the possible sources of ones procrastination
habits.
Respondents
The respondents of the present study are all senior high school students of Don M.
Gonzalvo Memorial High School. Systematic sampling method will be used to ensure
that the respondents are representative of the population. A total of 100 students (50
students from grade 11, and 50 students from grade 12) will participate and be
the respondents.
24
Instruments
To collect relevant data for the study, the researcher will employ a survey and in-
depth interviews to obtain pertinent information from the respondents. The survey will be
utilized to determine the percentage of procrastination among senior high school students.
will be used. It will contain three sets of questions, one set consisting of ten questions for
the frequency of procrastination, the other set with ten questions for the causes of
procrastination, and the last set will contain open-ended questions for better
will be useful in gathering data from the respondents, as it will serve as the basis for
identifying the factors that contribute to the problem and its effects.
include ten questions. And 7 questions each for three sources, specifically Emotional
factors, Personal Factors, and Social Factors, resulting in 21 questions for the sources of
procrastination. The respondents will be instructed to put a tick (/) on the corresponding
number, with 1 indicating the respondents disagrees on the given statement , and 5
Procedure
This section includes the procedure for gathering the data. This includes the
preparation phase, the data gathering phase, and the post phase. In the preparation phase,
25
issues.
To be able to formally start the study, the researchers asked permission to conduct
a survey to the Senior High School from the school head, Mrs. Nelifer P. Melchor. Only
then, the researcher would prepare the number of question papers the researchers would
be needing.
After getting the needed information, the researcher would then identify the level,
causes, and effects of procrastination among the students, through a survey that will be
conducted. The survey would contain questions where the respondents would be given an
option to select answers that best suits their personality and traits. To be more specific,
Hence, in the post phase of the study, the researchers will analyze the data that
have been gathered. The factors will be determined in this process and the researchers are
Data analysis
Interview data will undergo analysis, and interpretation. To gain insight into the
age, name, grade level, and grades average. This information will aid in identifying the
students' characteristics.
26
To begin the analysis, the researchers will compute the frequency and percentage
of students who are severe procrastinators based on the provided data. The grade level
The researchers will use frequency, percentage, and ranking to determine the most
Overall, the researchers will use frequency, percentage, and ranking to identify the
most common factors causing academic procrastination among senior high students z-test
grade 11 and grade 12, having a level of significance of the study 0.05. Additionally,
Chapter III
RESULTS
This section presents the data gathered in this research which is the quantitative
results. The results presented accordingly from the level of procrastination, sources of
11 and 12, and the relationship between the academic performance and the
procrastination.
The results were analyzed using the frequency, percentage,and rank. This section
presents the data gathered in this research which is the quantitative results. The results
academic performances, the difference of procrastination between grade 11 and 12, and
The results were analyzed using the frequency, percentage,and rank. Also, z-test
was utilized to determine the difference in the level of procrastination between grade 11
and grade 12. While pearson-product moment correlation with 0.05 level of significance
procrasrination among Senior High School in Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High School.
28
Table 1. Frequency and percentage level of procrastination among Senior High School in
Level f %
Very High 6 6
High 38 38
Average 45 45
Low 11 11
Very Low 0 0
Total 100 100
Senior High School in Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High School. It was found that
among the 100 respondents, 6 respondents had a very high level, 38 respondents have the
low level.
Table 2. Score, mean, percentage, and rank of the sources of procrastination of the
Senior High School Studsents of Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High School
Sources X x̄ % Rank
Table 2 illustrates the score, mean, percentage and rankings of the sources of
procrastination of the senior high school student of Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High
School. Based on the gathered data, Emotional Factors is ranked as the main source of
contributing source of procrastination are personal factors with 20.61%. While the social
factors are ranked as the lowest among the sources of procrastination with the percentage
of 32.49%.
Table 3. Frequency, and percentage of the academic performance of the Senior High
School students in Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High School.
Level F %
Outstanding 29 29
Very Satisfactory 33 33
Satisfactory 30 30
Fairly Satisfactory 7 7
Did not meet Expectations 1 1
the senior high school students in Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High School. It was
had very satisfactory, 30% respondents had a satisfactory, 7% respondents had a fairly
Grade 11 50
A=0.05 Z=1.95 0.298 Accept Significant
Grade 12 50
0.298 is less than the z-tabular value of 1.95 at 0.05 level of significance. Therefore, the
Academic 85.97
Performance 100 0.444
0.195 Accept Significant
Level of 29.27
procrastination
Table 5 shows that the computed r-value 0.444 is greater than Tabular value
0.195, therefore the alternative hypothesis is accepted that there is significant relationship
between the academic performances and procrastination among senior high school
Chapter IV
Discussion
31
This chapter presents the discussion of the results of the study. It contains the
Procrastination is one of the variables in the present study, thus the researchers
tried to determine the level of procrastination of the Senior High Students. Based on the
findings, majority of the students whom got surveyed through our questionnaire got a
high level of procrastination which totaled 38% of the students surveyed. Also, this study
found that 45% of the students surveyed had an average level of procrastination.
Moreover, in the present study, the researcher found that almost all students omit
procrastination which accordingly aligned with Cherzad’s (2017) study, which states that
More so, among the totaled sample students, 10% answered they have a very high
procrastination habit, which may lead to stress and is expected to results to worse
This research sook the factors that contribute to the students’ procrastination
behavior. The researchers found that Emotional factor is the top contributor of students’
procrastination, followed by the personal factor, and the least contributing factor is the
Social factor.
Moreover, the result of the study revealed that emotional factor is the top
contributor, which may be a result of students fear of failure, overwhelm, and lack of
self-confidence. With this, students, when faced with a task that feels challenging or
anxiety- inducing, may delay taking action as a means to avoid these uncomfortable
emotions.
like anxiety and perfectionism, which people want to avoid in order to protect their
More so, the findings revealed that when students get overwhelmed by emotions,
thinking that the task given to them is too sophisticated, the likelihood of them to
procrastinate increases, and in turn gives them a temporary relief, which would not give
students' procrastination, and this may be a result of students' impulsiveness, and lack of
where people procrastinate despite intending to act. For example, this happens when
33
someone promises themselves that they’ll start working soon, but keeps breaking this
promise, because their self-control and motivation are overwhelmed by issues like fear of
Social factors, which the researchers found out that peer pressure often add to these
procrastinations. Students get influenced by their friends to delay the task which they are
supposed to accomplished.
In addition, their environment might also add to the social factors why students
procrastinate. For example, noisy neighborhood, and distraction from their surroundings,
and in turn, students get irritated and starts to postpone their works.
respondents based on their General Average of their last school year. Students who got
90 and above average are leveled as “Outstanding”, while 85-89 are leveled as “Very
Satisfactory”, 80-84 are leveled as Satisfactory, 75-79 are leveled as Fairly Satisfactory,
In the present study, the researchers found out that majority of the totaled
respondents had a “Very Satisfactory level” of academic performance which are 33% of
The findings in the present study may support the study of Bailey (2017), wherein
he recommended that it is beneficial to continue with task once you have started them.
This can also be related to the study of Patrzek et al. (2013) and Grunshel et al. (2013)
wherein students who procrastinate typically face the challenge of completing academic
tasks under time pressure and juggling multiple tasks simultaneously, leading to subpar
In the outstanding level of academic performances, students are still being able to
have high grades. Hence, students procrastinate but they can still manage their time and
overcome the difficulties in academic tasks which leads them to have an outstanding
Although in the study by Kandemir(2014) and Yuen and Yan (2015), students
who procrastinate in their academic tasks may experience negative consequences due to
this behavior. This may still be suggested that the outstanding level of academic
performances among senior high students means that, having a high grades despite of all
the negative consequences, stress and pressure that they experienced they still find ways
Results showed that the z-computed value is 0.298, lower than the z-tabular value
which is 1.95, with a significance level of 0.05. Therefore, it was revealed that there is a
significant difference between the procrastination level among grade 11 and 12. Also, the
researchers found out that students in grade 11 had a higher procrastination score than
59.92%, higher than students in grade 12, which is 57.16%. Moreover, While the
statistical analysis suggests that the observed difference may be due to chance, it is
essential to interpret these findings within the broader context of our research
procrastination rates between grade 11 and grade 12 warrants consideration. The students
in grade 11 may be experiencing a change in their academic environment, for the reason
of them being new to a stage of becoming a Senior high, furthermore, since that students’
grade 12 scored 2.76 lower than those in grade 11, it may be due to them becoming aware
of the challenges the Senior high school stage faces, they already knew that, tasks in
Results show that the computed r-value 0.444 is higher than the tabular value of
0.195, this means that the alternative hyphothesis is accepted that there is a significant
relationship between the procrastination and the students’ academic performances. Result
show that for every “1” students’ procrastination, their academic procrastination drops to
marketing students from the University of Warwick Business School. Their study
concluded that students who submitted their assignments at the last minute faced a 5%
reduction in marks when compared to those who submitted their assignments 24 hours or
CHAPTER V
This study was conducted to investigate and determine the procrastination and
academic performances among the Senior high school students in Don M. Gonzalvo
Memorial High School. In the present study it aspired to investigate the level and
relationship of the procrastination and the academic performances among the Senior high
School Students
Furthermore, the present study made use of only a single questionnaire, which
was validated and undergone content validation from the experts who are the faculty
members of Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High School and reliability testing through the
use of frequency, percentage, and ranking. The tests were administered to one hundred
Through frequency, percentage, and ranking, the data collected through the paper
and pencil data gathering were analyzed, thus the findings revealed that majority of the
students who procrastinate are due to emotional factors. Also it was presented that
majority of the students that was surveyed have an outstanding level of academic
performance.
and the level of procrastination of the Senior High School Students of Don M. Gonzalvo
Recommendations
The followings are suggestions that were based on the findings of the present
study.
38
individuals who often delay a work can be minimized, it was revealed that groupworks
are more effective than individual tasks, it can also help students learn from their peers
It was also suggested that it is beneficial to continue with tasks once you have
started them. Completing tasks promptly without delay would prevent last-minute
cramming. Promoting emotional intelligence and stress management among students can
also benefit them, offering workshops or training sessions that help students identify and
can better Learn to prioritize tasks, set achievable goals, and create schedules that can
Moreover, educators can encourage and facilitate group work as part of the
activity. Design assignments and projects that promote teamwork and collaboration.
early in the academic term. Regular check-ins or quick assessments can be valuable. In
addition, educators can ensure a clear expectations and deadlines to students. Providing a
Parents can also take part on helping their child minimize procrastination
behavior by teaching them to become a more goal-setter individual and teach them time
39
management skills at home. Help students break down larger tasks into smaller, more
manageable steps. Also, parents can engage in an open and supportive conversations
about their child academic responsibilities. Encourage students to share concerns and
feelings about their workload. They can also maintain regular communication with
teachers to stay informed about academic progress and address any potential challenges
promptly.
Accordingly, future researchers who might also conduct a study about the
students’ procrastination habits, they should investigate understudied factors that may
contribute to procrastination among senior high school students. This could include
Might as well investigate not only the negative consequences but also potential positive
outcomes associated with procrastination. This can include exploring how certain
productivity. And as the students becoming more and more technology-dependent, they
students, and educators can share experiences and insights related to procrastination. In
this way, having a supportive environment will encourage open conversations and the
topics, where we can broaden and upgrade our skills in investigating relevant issues, in
40
order to not only enlighten the minds by those that are directly affected by the said issues,
but to also widen our thinking and strategic capabilities to come up with brilliant
solutions.
REFERENCES
Arnott, B., & Dacko, S. (2014). The last-minute effect in online submission of assignments.
Retrieved from Journal of Education for Business, 89(1), 25-30.
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Bailey, C.(2017) 5 Research- Based Strategies for Overcoming Procrastination. Retrieved from
https://hbr.org>2017110
Beswick, T., Mann, L., Eysenck, M. W., & O’Driscoll, M. P. (2019). Procrastination, emotion
regulation and stress: The role of delay discounting. Personality and Individual
Differences, 139, 61-66.
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physics/prstemag-1-the-impact-of-procrastination-on-academic-performance-of-the-
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APPENDIX A
10 October 2023
Ma’am:
Good day!
We are Grade 12 students under the General Academic Strand (GAS) and are currently
taking Practical Research II subject. Part of our requirements is to conduct a study and
ours is entitled, “Procrastination and Academic Performance among Senior High School
in Don M. Gonzalvo Memorial High School”, is to conduct a survey which we planned to
have on October 10, 2023 onwards.
We are hoping for your positive response on our humble request. Thank you and may
God bless you with the deepest of your desires!
Yours truly,
ADRIANE E. LINDOG
Group Representative
Noted:
RESEARCHERS-MADE QUESTIONNAIRE
44
Statements Scales
5 4 3 2 1
1. I find it difficult to start a task on time.
2. I often delay important task until last minute.
3. I frequently make excuses to avoid starting homework.
4. I tend to put off tasks even when I know they're important.
5. I struggle to meet deadlines due to delaying doing my tasks.
6. I often feel guilty about my “mamaya na or mañana” habit in school.
7. I have difficulty staying focused on school tasks because I get lazy and tired
just thinking about it.
8. I tend to avoid responsibilities related to school because I am not sure if I
can finish them on time.
9. I frequently delay starting my school assignments
10. My “mamaya na or mañana” habit leads to last minute cramming.
4 – Frequently (Madalas)
3 – Sometimes (Paminsan-minsan
2 – Rarely (Bihira)
1 – Never (Hindi Kailanman)
Statements Scales
5 4 3 2 1
1. Socializing with friends often distracts me from doing important tasks.
2. Peer pressure encourages me to delay accomplishing my tasks.
3. I tend to procrastinate when I see others doing the same.
4. Social commitments frequently lead to delays in my work.
5. The influence of social media contributes to my procrastination.
6. I procrastinate when I feel obligated to attend social events.
7. I value social activities more over my academic responsibilities.
8. I lack motivation to start tasks on time.
9. My self-discipline is undermined by procrastination.
10. I struggle with setting and sticking to personal deadlines.
11. Perfectionism contributes to my tendency to procrastinate.
12. Procrastination is linked to my low self-esteem.
13 .I find it hard to prioritize tasks due to personal concerns.
14. Fear of failure frequently leads to procrastination.
15. Negative emotions such as anxiety make me procrastinate.
16. I often procrastinate when I'm feeling stressed.
17. I use procrastination as a way to avoid emotional discomfort.
18. Procrastination is a response to my fear of success.
19. My mood affects my ability to start tasks on time.
20. Emotional instability plays a role in my procrastination.
21. I tend to procrastinate when I'm feeling overwhelmed by emotions