Quadrature Amplitude Shift Keying

(QASK)
Dr. Priyadarshi Kanungo
Professor, Department of ETC
C. V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar

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Prof. P. Kanungo
Today’s Discussion
• Introduction to QASK

• Concept Behind the QASK

• 16‐QASK Constellation

• Mathematical representation of 16‐QASK

• PSD of 16 QASK

• 16‐QASK Generation

• 16‐QASK Receiver

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Prof. P. Kanungo
Quadrature Amplitude Shift keying (QASK)
• It is also known as Quadrature Amplitude Phase Shift Keying (QAPSK)

• Each signal vector is differ in amplitude as well as phase.

• Advantage: noise immunity of the system is increased by increasing

the distance between the end points

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Concept behind QASK

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BPSK Constellation

𝜑 𝑡

𝜑 𝑡
• Only phase carries the information. Amplitude is constant
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QPSK
dQPSK=dBPSK

𝜑 𝑡

𝜑 𝑡
• Only phase carries the information. Amplitude is constant
Prof. P. Kanungo
8‐PSK

𝜋
𝑑 2 𝐸 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑀
Or
𝜑 𝑡 𝜋
𝑑 2 𝑁𝐸 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑀

𝜑 𝑡

• Only phase carries the information. Amplitude is constant

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16‐PSK

• Only phase carries the information. Amplitude is constant

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•What is the solution for achieving
low bandwidth and high distance?

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Prof. P. Kanungo
 16‐PSK

𝜑 𝑡

• Only phase carries the

information. Amplitude 𝜑 𝑡
is constant
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 16‐QASK
d16‐QASK≥d16‐psk

𝜑 𝑡

• Both amplitude and phase

carries the information 𝜑 𝑡
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Example of 16 QASK
16‐QAM Constellation:3 Amplitude Levels 16‐QAM Constellation: 2 Amplitude Levels

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Example of 16‐QASK
(Three amplitude case )
• No of symbols M=16

• No of bits/symbol N=4 (M=2N)

• Let consider that each signal points in the constellation is equally distance
from it’s nearest neighbours.

• Let the distance is d=2a.

• The parameter “a” defines the average energy of a signal in QASK.

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Prof. P. Kanungo
 Comparison of 16‐QASK and 16‐PSK
1
𝐸 𝑎 𝑎 9𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 9𝑎 9𝑎 9𝑎
4

d=2a

d=2a

Prof. P. Kanungo
Mathematical representation of QASK
• Mathematical representation of QASK is d=2a
𝑉 𝑡 𝑘 𝑎𝜑 𝑡 𝑘 𝑎𝜑 𝑡
d=2a
• Where k1 and k2 have values of ±1 or ±3,
• Similarly 𝜑 𝑡
2 2
𝜑 𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔 𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜑 𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔 𝑡
𝑇 𝑇
𝜑 𝑡

𝑎 0.1𝐸 0.4𝐸

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 2 2
𝑉 𝑡 𝑘 0.1𝐸 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔 𝑡 𝑘 0.1𝐸 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔 𝑡
𝑇 𝑇
0.2𝐸 2
𝑉 𝑡 𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔 𝑡 𝑘 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔 𝑡
𝑇 𝑇

𝑉 𝑡 𝑘 0.2𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔 𝑡 𝑘 0.2𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔 𝑡

𝑉 𝑡 𝑘 0.2 𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔 𝑡 𝑘 0.2 𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔 𝑡

𝑉 𝑡 𝐴 𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜔 𝑡 𝐴 𝑃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔 𝑡

• Where 𝐴 and 𝐴 have values 0.2 or 3 0.2

• Since all four values are equally likely 𝐴 𝐴 1

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Power of QASK

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Bandwidth of QASK

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QASK Generation
𝑃 cos 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡
bk
Digital to Ae(t)
bk+1 analog
converter
QASK
b(t) Serial to
Signal
Parallel Adder
bk+2
Converter S(t)
Digital to Ao(t)
analog
bk+2
converter

Clock at every Tb 𝑃 sin 2𝜋𝑓 𝑡

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 QASK Receiver
v(t ) cos c t
v(t )  Ps Ae (t ) cos c t  Ps Ao (t ) sin c t 𝐴 𝑡 Analog to
bk
𝑑𝑡 Digital bk+1
Raise the converter
input to 4th
Parallel to b(t)
Carrier recovery circuit

power
4 Serial (P/S)
v (t ) Bit Sequence
Bandpass Converter
filter Analog to bk+2
4fc 𝑑𝑡
𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝜔 𝑡 Digital bk+2
converter
Frequency 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔 𝑡 𝐴 𝑡
devider
÷4
c𝑜𝑠𝜔 𝑡
v(t ) sin c t

Ref: H. Taub, D. Schilling and G. Saha, Taub’s Principles of Communication Systems, TMH, Second reprint 2008
Prof. P. Kanungo
Thank you

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