PARTS OF THE BODY

Parts of the Body

• Our body is an ultimate mover that
makes us to enjoy and satisfied.
• ;and each part has its own function that
depends on one another.

• Knowing the parts of the body, its systems,

and capabilities and limitations are
essential for Physical Education and for
effective performance in physical activities.
 Key to Good Posture, Correct Alignment
and Proper Placement

• Posture is the position, pose, or figure of

the body, specifically in sitting and
standing position.
• Alignment is the proper positioning or
state of adjustment of parts in relation to
each other.
• Placement is an accurately and suitable
place of different parts of the body.
Things to remember for Good
Posture
In Standing Position
- Head should be facing straight ahead
- Feet should be about shoulder with
and pointing slightly outward
- Stand with your weight
- Avoid locking your knees
- Keep your shoulder straight, and don’t
let them slouch forward
- Do not bend over a table or desk
without bending your knees
- If standing for a long period of time,
shift weight from one foot the other
Things to remember for Good
Posture
In Sitting Position
- The head should be in position
- Sit back straight and shoulders back
- Tighten the abdominal muscles and
cross legs to the ankle
- Distribute the body weight evenly on
both hips
- Keep feet flat on the floor
- When driving, sit close to the pedals
- Avoid sitting in the same position for a
long period of time
Things to remember for good Posture

In Lifting Position
- Bend the knees and hips
- Bend from the waist with legs straight
- Hold objects close to the body
Importance of Correct Alignment

It is important to have a correct

alignment to avoid strain on the
muscles, fatigue or injury. Muscles
must be in condition and in balance to
avoid misalignment of skeletal
framework.
Benefits of Proper Placement

1. Perform task or activity with proper

form.

2. Prevent stress, anxiety, or fatigue.

3. Prevent postural deviation.

4. Prevent muscles strain and pain.

5. Contribute to good appearance

Body Types

Body types or physique classification

distinguish certain physiological and
personality traits.

Good physique boosts an individual morale

and self-confidence. On the other hand,
people who does not have good physique are
more conscious and have low self-esteem.
Body Types
William Sheldon, an American psychologist
known for his theory on associating physique
with personality and delinquency.

Ernst Kretschmer, a German psychiatrist who

proposed the types of physique similar to
Sheldon’s classification. Namely,
Asthenic (thin, small, weak)
Athletic (muscular, large-boned)
Pyknic (stocky, fat)
Sheldon’s Body Type Characteristics
Ectomorph Lean, slim, shallow
chested, and tall
proportion to their weight.
Has difficulty in building
muscles.

Mesomorph Muscular with broad

shoulders, well-developed
chest, robust and strong.
Has good metabolism and
responsive muscle cells.

Endomorph Broad, rounded figure,

large head, heavy neck,
and ruddy face. Has high
tendency to store body fat
Body Types
MAN’S BIOLOGICAL MAKE-UP AND FITNESS

Body system is an arrangement of organs

closely allied or related to each other to do
particular job.

A System is made up of organs (collection of

tissues with similar function) which in turn are
made up of cells (basic structural unit of all
living organisms).

Cell is the biological basis of life.

SKELETAL SYSTEM
- Protects the body organs
- Storing minerals that the body utilizes.
- Provides form and structure for the muscle to work
against.
- Support the body
TYPES OF BONES:

1. Long bones – Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Fibula, Tibia,

Femur, Metacarpals, Phalanges
2. Short bones – Carpal bones, Tarsal bones
3. Flat bones – Skull bones, Ribs, Sternum, Scapulae
Note: The thoracic cage protects the heart and
lungs. The thoracic cage is formed by the (a) sternum
and (b) 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages. The
ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic
vertebrae. The sternum consists of the manubrium,
body, and xiphoid process. The ribs are classified as
true ribs (1–7) and false ribs (8–12). The last two pairs
of false ribs are also known as floating ribs (11–12).
4. Irregular bones – Skull, Vertebrae, Hip
5. Sesamoid bones – Patella
Types of
Bones
 Skull

Hyoid Bones

Sternum

Thoracic
Cage

Vertebral
Column
STERNUM
RIBS
 COSTAL
CARTILAGE
RIBS
Upper Limb
 Clavicle

Humerus

Scapula
Radius

Ulna
Lower Limb
Tibia
Fibula
Calcaneus
Metatarsal
Phalanges
Major
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
Pectoralis Major
▪ORIGIN: Cartilages
of 2nd to 6th ribs,
sternum & medial
half of clavicle
▪INSERTION: Grater
tubercle to Humerus
▪FUNCTION:
Adducts, flexes &
rotate upper arm
medially.
Pectoralis Minor
▪ORIGIN:
Cartilages of 3rd to
5th ribs
▪INSERTION:
Coracoid process
or scapula
▪FUNCTION: Pull
scapula forward &
downward
Serratus Anterior
▪ORIGIN:
▪Lateral surfaces of
upper 8th or 9th ribs
▪INSERTION:
▪Vertabral border of
the scapula
▪FUNCTION:
▪Draws scapula
forward
Deltoid
▪ORIGIN: Lateral 3rd
of the clavicle,
spine & acromion
process of scapula
▪INSERTION:
Deltoid tubercle of
Humerus
▪FUNCTION:
Abduct arm
Bicep Brachii
▪ORIGIN: Short head :
coracoid process
Long head: scapula
above the Glenoid
fossa
▪INSERTION:
Tubercle on proximal
end of radius
▪FUNCTION: Flexes &
supinate forearm
Tricep Brachii
▪ORIGIN: Long head:
infra-glenoid tubercle
tubercle of scapula
Lateral & Medial
heads: posterior
surface of humerus
▪INSERTION: Olecron
process of ulna
▪FUNCTION: Extends
forearm
Trapezius
▪ORIGIN: Occipital bone,
7th cervical & all thoracic
vertebrae
▪INSERTION: Lateral 3rd
of clavicle, spine &
acromion process of the
scapula
▪FUNCTION: Raises
shoulder, extends head,
bend head towards
shoulder turns head
towards opposite side
Latissimus Dorsi
▪ORIGIN: Spines of last
6 thoracic vertebrae,
upper lumbar vertebrae
& crest of ilium
▪INSERTION: Anterior
surface of the upper
part of the humerus
▪FUNCTION: Adducts,
extend & rotate arm
medially , depresses
shoulder
Quadriceps Femoris
▪ORIGIN: Arises by
4 heads from ilium
& femur
▪INSERTION: Tibial
tuberosity
▪FUNCTION:
Extends lower leg
Bicep Femoris
▪ORIGIN: Upper
femur
▪INSERTION: Head
of fibula & lateral
edge of tibia
▪FUNCTION:
Flexes lower leg
Gluteus Maximus

▪ORIGIN: Crest of ilium, sacrum & coccyx

vertebrae
▪INSERTION: Upper part of femur
▪FUNCTION: Extends femur
MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
 COMMON TERMS IN
ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES
• Medial plane or midline – refers to bilateral
symmetry, especially that of the body.
• Anterior (ventral) – body part going to the
front, or in front
• Posterior (dorsal) – refers to the rear or
behind
• Superior (cephalic) – body part located
above the middle
• Inferior (caudal) – part below the middle
part of the body.
 COMMON TERMS IN
ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES
• Lateral – direction going away from the
median plane or midline.
• Distal – body part away from the trunk or
root of the limb.
• Proximal – close to the trunk or root of the
limb.
• Superficial – close to the surface of the
body or skin.
• Deep – away from the body surface or
skin.
 ACTIVITY NO. 2-A
• Describe the different characteristics of each body types.

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ACTIVITY NO. 2-B
• Identify the Muscle Groups and Skeletal System
 References
Dagami, E., Flordeliza, R. & Santos, Arden. Principles of Movement
Enhancement.
Hoehn, K., Marieb E. Human Anatomy & Physiology 9th edition
https://www.jefit.com/exercise-tips/three-different-body-types
https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/1-2-structural-
organization-of-the-human-body-2/
https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/human-anatomy-terminology