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Document No.
RahiES-Acorn-Silo-1-R0
Equipment: 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 1 of 17
FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT CEMENT SILO
19 December
00 First Submission HDB HDB
2023
Rev. No. Date Description Prepared Checked Approved
Document No.: RahiES-
Acorn Industries LLC Acorn-Silo-1-R0
FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 2 of 17
I) Table of Contents
List of Figures ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
List Of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
II) Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 4
i. Methodology ............................................................................................................................................. 4
ii. Design Parameters .................................................................................................................................... 4
III) Finite element model ................................................................................................................................ 5
iii. Mesh .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Elements used ................................................................................................................................................ 6
iv. Material model .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Temperature dependent material properties ............................................................................................... 7
IV) FEA Analysis ............................................................................................................................................... 8
V) Results ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
I) Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 9
VI) Plots .........................................................................................................................................................10
I) Total Deformation Plots ..........................................................................................................................10
v. Von mises stresses ..................................................................................................................................10
VII) References ...............................................................................................................................................14
VIII) Hoop stress Validation ............................................................................................................................14
IX) Globle equilibrium ...................................................................................................................................15
X) Triaxial Stress (Governing Load case-7) ..................................................................................................16
II) ASME Section VIII Div 2 2.3.3.3 C-2 compliance ..........................................................................................17
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure III-1 Meshed FEA model ............................................................................................................................. 5
Figure III-2 Meshed FEA model – close up view .................................................................................................... 6
Figure III-3 Meshed FEA model – close up view 2 ................................................................................................. 6
Figure IV-1 Shell Pressure...................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure IV-2 constrain ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Figure VI-1 Total Deformation ............................................................................................................................10
Figure VI-2 Total Deformation (Hydro) ...............................................................................................................10
Figure VI-3 Von Mises Stress Plot ........................................................................................................................11
Figure VI-4 Linearized Von Mises Stress Plot 1 ...................................................................................................11
Figure IX-1 Boundary condition...........................................................................................................................15
Figure IX-2 Force reaction ...................................................................................................................................15
Figure X-1 Triaxial Stress .....................................................................................................................................16
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Design Data............................................................................................................................................... 4
Table 2 Mesh Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 5
Table 3 Modulus of Elasticity ................................................................................................................................ 7
Table 4 Material General Properties ..................................................................................................................... 7
Table 5 Stress Summery ........................................................................................................................................ 9
II) INTRODUCTION
The objective of analysis was to check Stress level in equipment for mechanical loads as per ASME Section VIII,
Div. 1 Edition 2021 and FEA Analysis is carried out as per ASME Section VIII, Div. 2, Part 5 Edition 2021.
Software: ANSYS 2023 R2

Analysis Type: Static Structural
i. Methodology
The study is conducted to determine the stress levels in shell to cone junction of the Cement Silo. Hence the
study is conducted using the following methodology.
• 2D CAD Axisymmetric model of Cement Silo is generated as per reference drawings mentioned in
Chapter 6.
• Stress analysis will be performed as per a ASME section VIII div 2 part 5 (5.2.2) elastic stress analysis
method.
• For conservative approach corroded dimension of the model considered.
• Shell pressure applied on internal faces.
• displacement constraint applied on the top of the shell.
ii. Design Parameters

Main Shell
Design Pressure MPa 0.206
Design Temperature (0C) 75
Hydro Pressure MPa 0.268
Corrosion Allowance (mm) 2

Table 1 Design Data
III) FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

Geometry in sync with drawing no AIC-CS-GA-001
iii. Mesh
Total numbers of Elements in Model = 112924
Total numbers of Nodes in Model = 355159
Mesh quality checks with their acceptable limits and achieved values are shown below in
Mesh Summary:
Meshing quality checking is as below
Quality Check Avg. Value Limit
Aspect ratio 1.0039 <5
Jacobian ratio 0.93743 >0.5
Skewness 0.12421 <0.7
Element quality 0.99917 >0.1

Table 2 Mesh Summary
Figure III-1 Meshed FEA model

Figure III-2 Meshed FEA model – close up view
Figure III-3 Meshed FEA model – close up view 2
Elements used
Plane 183 Element
PLANE183 is a higher order 2-D, 8-node or 6-node element. PLANE183 has quadratic displacement behavior
and is well suited to modeling irregular meshes. This element is defined by 8 nodes or 6 nodes having two
degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x and y directions. The element may be used as a
plane element (plane stress, plane strain and generalized plane strain) or as an axisymmetric element.
iv. Material model

We have modelled elastic material model for our analysis hence no plasticity considered in the material model.
Temperature dependent material properties

SA-516 GR 70 UNS K02700
Temperature
Modulus of Elasticity (MPa)
(°C)
−200 2.16E+05
−125 2.12E+05
−75 2.09E+05
25 2.02E+05
100 1.98E+05
150 1.95E+05
200 1.92E+05
250 1.89E+05
300 1.85E+05
350 1.79E+05
400 1.71E+05
450 1.62E+05
500 1.51E+05
550 1.37E+05
Table 3 Modulus of Elasticity
Allowable
Min Yield Min. Tensile Poisson’s
Stress @design Density SPL
Material Strength Strength Ratio
Temp
(MPa) (MPa) (MPa) (Kg/m³) (MPa)
SA-516 GR. 70 138 240 415 7750 0.3 207
Table 4 Material General Properties
Ref. - ASME Section-II, Part-D. 2021th edition

IV) FEA ANALYSIS

Shell pressure applied on shell faces.
Plane 183 Element
PLANE183 is a higher order 2-D, 8-node or 6-node element. PLANE183 has quadratic displacement behavior
and is well suited to modeling irregular meshes. This element is defined by 8 nodes or 6 nodes having two
degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x and y directions. The element may be used as a
plane element (plane stress, plane strain and generalized plane strain) or as an axisymmetric element.
Figure IV-1 Shell Pressure
Figure IV-2 constrain

V) RESULTS
Membrane +
Description Membrane Summery
Bending
34.37 (PL) < 207 (SPL)
Path 34.37 34.744
34.744 (PL+Pb+Q) < 414 (Sps)
28.821 (PL) < 207 (SPL)
Path 2 28.821 36.51
36.51 (PL+Pb+Q) < 414 (Sps)
32.345 (PL) < 207 (SPL)
Path 3 32.345 35.466
35.466 (PL+Pb+Q) < 414 (Sps)
83.062 (PL) < 207 (SPL)
Path 4 83.062 120.38
120.38 (PL+Pb+Q) < 414 (Sps)
83.449 (PL) < 207 (SPL)
Path 5 83.449 126.73
126.73 (PL+Pb+Q) < 414 (Sps)
Table 5 Stress Summery
I) Conclusion
From Above table it is to be confirmed the stress induce in the equipment are within acceptable limit as per
5.2.2.4.
Hence equipment is safe for given loading condition.

VI) PLOTS
I) Total Deformation Plots
Figure VI-1 Total Deformation
Figure VI-2 Total Deformation (Hydro)
v. Von mises stresses

Figure VI-3 Von Mises Stress Plot
Figure VI-4 Linearized Von Mises Stress Plot 1



VII) REFERENCES
1. ASME Sec. II, Part D, Ed.2021 – Physical Properties Tables
2. Drawing Number: - AIC-CS-GA-001

3. Mechanical Design Calculation of 700 CU FT Cement SILO.
4. ASME Section VIII Division 2 Ed. 2021
VIII) HOOP STRESS VALIDATION

Results are verified for stress due to internal pressure in as follows.
Hoop stress in attached cylinder away from discontinuity
 = (P x a2/ (b2-a2)) x (1+b2/a2)

Here,
a= Inside Radius of the shell, 1516 mm

b= Outside Radius of the shell, 1524 mm
P= Pressure Applied on Shell, 0.206 MPa

σθ = 39.141 MPa
The stresses in tangential directions are plotted and they are matching with the calculated value.
IX) GLOBLE EQUILIBRIUM

Global equilibrium is checked for the model to check whether the model is in global equilibrium or not. It can
be checked by applying a force at one end of the geometry and its reaction at boundary condition is
determined. The reaction shall be equal to and opposite to the applied force shows the force reaction at
boundary condition. Hence the model is in global equilibrium.
Figure IX-1 Boundary condition
Figure IX-2 Force reaction

X) TRIAXIAL STRESS (GOVERNING LOAD CASE-7)
Figure X-1 Triaxial Stress
Max triaxial stresses 92.8817 MPa (σ1+ σ2+ σ3) < 552 MPa (4S)
TRIAXIAL STRESS LIMIT satisfied for all load cases.
II) ASME SECTION VIII DIV 2 2.3.3.3 C-2 COMPLIANCE

Code description Status
no
(-a) A detailed description of the numerical method used, including II) ANSYS 2023 R2
the name and version of computer software, if applicable
(-b) Description of model geometry (including element type for finite 3-1 Elements used
element analysis)
(-c) Loading conditions and boundary conditions used to address the ii Design Parameters
load cases in the User’s Design Specification
(-d) Material models utilized for all required physical properties (i.e., iv Material model
modulus of elasticity, Poisson’s ratio, thermal expansion
coefficient, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity), strength
parameters (i.e., yield and tensile strength), strain limits, if
applicable, and the design membrane stress intensity per Part 3
(-e) Description of whether material nonlinearity is utilized in the iv Material model
analysis including a description of the material model (i.e.,
stress–strain curve and cyclic stress–strain curve)
(-f) Description of the numerical analysis procedure (i.e., static Static Structural & Linear analysis
analysis, thermal analysis (temperature and stress), buckling
analysis, natural frequency analysis, dynamic analysis) and
whether a geometrically linear or nonlinear option is invoked
(-g) Graphical display of relevant results (i.e., numerical model, V) Results
deformed plots, and contour plots of thermal and stress results)
(-h) Method used to validate the numerical model (i.e., mesh VIII) Hoop stress Validation &
sensitivity review and equilibrium check for finite element IX) Globle equilibrium
analysis, e.g., check of hoop stress in a component away from
structural discontinuity and a check to ensure that global
equilibrium is achieved between applied loads and reactions at
specified boundary conditions)
(-i) Description of results processing performed to establish stress linearization method
numerical analysis results (i.e., stress linearization method, use
of centroidal or nodal values for stress, strain, and temperature
results)
(-j) A summary of the numerical analysis results showing the Table 5 Stress Summery
acceptance criteria utilized to meet the requirements of this
Division
(-k) Electronic storage of analysis results including input files and All relevant computer software
output files that contain numerical analysis results utilized to data files pertaining to this
demonstrate compliance with the requirements of this Division analysis (input as well as outputs)
and an electronic copy of this
certified report (in. pdf format) is
maintained by us for a period of
thirty-six (36) months.

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Document No.

Equipment: 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 1 of 17

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT CEMENT SILO

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 2 of 17

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 3 of 17

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 4 of 17

Software: ANSYS 2023 R2

ii. Design Parameters

Design Pressure MPa 0.206

Design Temperature (0C) 75

Hydro Pressure MPa 0.268

Corrosion Allowance (mm) 2

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 5 of 17

III) FINITE ELEMENT MODEL

Aspect ratio 1.0039 <5

Jacobian ratio 0.93743 >0.5

Skewness 0.12421 <0.7

Element quality 0.99917 >0.1

Figure III-1 Meshed FEA model

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 6 of 17

Figure III-2 Meshed FEA model – close up view

Figure III-3 Meshed FEA model – close up view 2

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 7 of 17

iv. Material model

Temperature dependent material properties

Ref. - ASME Section-II, Part-D. 2021th edition

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 8 of 17

IV) FEA ANALYSIS

Figure IV-1 Shell Pressure

Figure IV-2 constrain

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 9 of 17

Hence equipment is safe for given loading condition.

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 10 of 17

Figure VI-1 Total Deformation

Figure VI-2 Total Deformation (Hydro)

v. Von mises stresses

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 11 of 17

Figure VI-3 Von Mises Stress Plot

Figure VI-4 Linearized Von Mises Stress Plot 1

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 12 of 17

Figure VI-5 Linearized Von Mises Stress Plot 2

Figure VI-6 Linearized Von Mises Stress Plot 3

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 13 of 17

Figure VI-7 Linearized Von Mises Stress Plot 4

Figure VI-8 Linearized Von Mises Stress Plot 5

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 14 of 17

2. Drawing Number: - AIC-CS-GA-001

4. ASME Section VIII Division 2 Ed. 2021

VIII) HOOP STRESS VALIDATION

Hoop stress in attached cylinder away from discontinuity

 = (P x a2/ (b2-a2)) x (1+b2/a2)

a= Inside Radius of the shell, 1516 mm

P= Pressure Applied on Shell, 0.206 MPa

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 15 of 17

IX) GLOBLE EQUILIBRIUM

Figure IX-1 Boundary condition

Figure IX-2 Force reaction

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 16 of 17

X) TRIAXIAL STRESS (GOVERNING LOAD CASE-7)

Figure X-1 Triaxial Stress

FEA CALCULATION OF 700 CU FT Cement SILO Page 17 of 17

II) ASME SECTION VIII DIV 2 2.3.3.3 C-2 COMPLIANCE