Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 21

&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ

/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

%HIRUH WDNLQJ WKH 4XL] \RX QHHG WR EH DEOH WR H[SODLQ WKH PHDQLQJV RI HDFK RI WKHVH WHUPV RU
FRQFHSWV <RX VKRXOG DOVR NQRZ ZKHQ DQG KRZ WKH\¶UH XVHG LQ PDWK SUREOHPV

$OO RI WKHVH WHUPV DQG FRQFHSWV DUH GHILQHG LQ WKH .H\ 7HUPV DQG &RQFHSWV *ORVVDU\

.H\ 7HUPV DQG &RQFHSWV


DOJHEUDLF IXQFWLRQ
DV\PSWRWH
FRQWLQXRXV
H[SRQHQWLDO IXQFWLRQ
([WUHPH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP
KRUL]RQWDO DV\PSWRWH
LQILQLWH GLVFRQWLQXLW\
LUUDWLRQDO IXQFWLRQ
MXPS GLVFRQWLQXLW\
OHIWKDQG OLPLW
OLPLW
RVFLOODWLQJ OLPLWV
SRZHU IXQFWLRQ
SURSHUWLHV RI OLPLWV
UDWLRQDOL]LQJ
UHPRYDEOH GLVFRQWLQXLW\
ULJKWKDQG OLPLW
UXOHV IRU FRPSDULQJ IXQFWLRQV
7KH ,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP
7KHRUHP IRU /LPLWV RI 5DWLRQDO )XQFWLRQV
YHUWLFDO DV\PSWRWH

2EMHFWLYHV ([DPSOH 3UREOHPV DQG 6WXG\ 7LSV

:KDW ,V D /LPLW"

52EMHFWLYH 
:KHQ JLYHQ D JUDSK RU DQ DOJHEUDLF H[SUHVVLRQ LGHQWLI\ ZKHQ D OLPLW H[LVWV

([DPSOH
lim gÂxà H[LVWV LQ ZKLFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ"
x3
$ gÂxà = x ?9
2
x?3
% gÂxà = |x ? 3|
|x?3|
& gÂxà =
x?3


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

'

5
x
1 2 3 4 5
0

-5

-10

-15

-20

7LS
7KH ULJKWKDQG OLPLW PXVW HTXDO WKH OHIWKDQG OLPLW IRU WKH RYHUDOO OLPLW WR H[LVW

$QVZHUV
$ %

52EMHFWLYH 
(VWLPDWH D OLPLW DSSURDFKLQJ IURP WKH OHIW RU ULJKW  IURP D WDEOH RI GDWD

([DPSOH
x 2.9 2.99 2.999 3.001 3.01 3.1

gÂxà ?4.41 ?4.9401 ?4.994 5.006 5.0601 5.61


)URP WKH GDWD DERYH HVWLPDWH WKH YDOXH RI lim gÂxà lim gÂxà DQG lim gÂxÃ.
x3? x3+ x3

7LSV
t lim PHDQV DSSURDFKLQJ 3 IURP WKH OHIW
x3?
t lim PHDQV DSSURDFKLQJ 3 IURP WKH ULJKW
x3+

$QVZHUV
lim gÂxà = ?5.
x3?
lim gÂxà = 5.
x3+
lim gÂxà DNE.
x3

52EMHFWLYH 
(VWLPDWH D OLPLW DSSURDFKLQJ IURP WKH OHIW RU ULJKW  IURP D JUDSK


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

([DPSOH
(VWLPDWH HDFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ OLPLWV LI y = gÂxà KDV D JUDSK JLYHQ E\

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
x

-1

$ lim gÂxÃ
x?1
% lim gÂxÃ
x 32
& lim gÂxÃ
x1
' lim gÂxÃ
x1?
( lim gÂxÃ
x1+
) lim gÂxÃ
x2

7LS
7KH ULJKWKDQG OLPLW PXVW HTXDO WKH OHIWKDQG OLPLW LQ RUGHU IRU WKH RYHUDOO OLPLW WR H[LVW

$QVZHUV
$ lim gÂxà = 3.
x?1
% lim gÂxà = 1.
x 32
& lim gÂxà DNE.
x1
' lim gÂxà = 3.
x1?
( lim gÂxà = 0.
x1+
) lim gÂxà = 3.
x2

52EMHFWLYH 
(VWLPDWH D OLPLW QXPHULFDOO\ XVLQJ D FDOFXODWRU LQFOXGLQJ RQHVLGHG OLPLWV 

([DPSOH
t 2 +9 ?3
)LQG lim x?1 DQG lim QXPHULFDOO\ XVLQJ \RXU FDOFXODWRU
x1 x 2 ?1 t0 t2


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

7LS
t 2 +9 ?3
:DUQLQJ ,I \RX SLFN YDOXHV WKDW DUH H[WUHPHO\ VPDOO IRU t LQ lim  \RX PD\ KDYH IRXQG
t0 t2
WKH YDOXH WR EH 0 GHSHQGLQJ RQ \RXU FDOFXODWRU  5HDOL]H WKDW WKH FDOFXODWRU RQO\ KDV D ILQLWH
DPRXQW RI DFFXUDF\ :KHQ \RX VTXDUH WKH VPDOO YDOXHV RI t LQ WKLV SUREOHP WKH QXPEHUV
EHFRPH VR VPDOO WKDW WKH FDOFXODWRU FDQ¶W VXEWUDFW FRUUHFWO\ 7KLV LV DQRWKHU H[DPSOH RI WKH
LPSRUWDQFH RI UHDOL]LQJ WKH OLPLWDWLRQV RI \RXU FDOFXODWRU

$QVZHUV
lim x?1 = 1 
x1 x 2 ?1 2
t +9 ?3
2
lim = 1
t0 t2 6

52EMHFWLYH 
'HWHUPLQH D OLPLW IURP DOJHEUDLF IRUPXODV ZKHUH lim fÂxà = fÂaÃ
xa

([DPSOH
)LQG WKH IROORZLQJ OLPLWV
$ lim v 2 ? 4v + 2
v?1
% lim x 2 ? 25
x5
& lim ÄÄx ? 2ÅÅ
x1.5

7LS
3OXJ DQG FKXJ  

$QVZHUV
$ lim v 2 ? 4v + 2 = 7
v?1
% lim x 2 ? 25 = 0
x5
& lim ÄÄx ? 2ÅÅ= ?1
x1.5

52EMHFWLYH 
'HWHUPLQH OLPLWV IRU PRUH FRPSOLFDWHG H[SUHVVLRQV ZKHUH DOJHEUDLF PDQLSXODWLRQ LV UHTXLUHG
IRU H[DPSOH UDWLRQDOL]LQJ IDFWRULQJ H[SDQGLQJ ILQGLQJ FRPPRQ GHQRPLQDWRUV RU VRPH
FRPELQDWLRQ RI DOO IRXU

([DPSOH
)LQG WKH IROORZLQJ OLPLWV LI WKH\ H[LVW
4? 16+h
$ lim
h0 h
x 3 +8
% lim 4
x?2 x ?16
1?1
x 2
& lim
x2 x?2
' lim x ?b
2 2
xb x?b


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

7LS
)LQG DQ DOJHEUDLF PDQLSXODWLRQ WKDW FKDQJHV WKH IRUP RI WKH H[SUHVVLRQ VXFK WKDW \RX FDQ
VLPSO\ HYDOXDWH WKH OLPLW 3UDFWLFH 3UDFWLFH 3UDFWLFH

$QVZHUV
$ lim
4? 16+h
= lim
4? 16+h 4+ 16+h
= lim
16?Â16+hÃ
= lim ?1 = ?1
h0 h h0 h 4+ 16+h h0 h 4+ 16+h h0 4+ 16+h 8
Âx+2Ã x 2 ?2x+4 x 2 ?2x+4
% lim x4 +8 = lim
3
= lim = ?3
x?2 x ?16 x?2 Âx?2ÃÂx+2à x 2 +4 x?2 Âx?2à x 2 +4 8
1?1 2?x
= lim 2x = lim ?1 = ? 1 
x 2
& lim
x2 x?2 x2 x?2 x2 2x 4
Âx?bÃÂx+bÃ
' lim x ?b = lim
2 2
= lim Âx + bà = 2b
xb x?b xb x?b xb

52EMHFWLYH 
,GHQWLI\ WKH LGHQWLWLHV IRU OLPLWV

([DPSOH
)LQG WKH )$/6( LGHQWLW\

1RWH WKH LGHQWLWLHV DOO DVVXPH WKH OLPLWV LQ TXHVWLRQ H[LVWV


lim k = k.
xa
lim x = a.
xa
lim ÂfÂxà + hÂxÃà = lim fÂxà + lim hÂxÃ.
xa xa xa
lim ÂfÂxà 6 hÂxÃà = lim fÂxà 6 lim hÂxÃ.
xa xa xa
lim fÂxÃ
= xa
fÂxÃ
lim LI lim hÂxà “ 0.
xa hÂxà lim hÂxà xa
xa
lim |fÂxÃ| = lim fÂxÃ.
xa xa
lim kfÂxà = k lim fÂxÃ.
xa xa
lim fÂxà = fÂaà LI fÂxà LV D SRO\QRPLDO
xa

7LS
'R \RX WKLQN lim |fÂxÃ| = lim fÂxà LV WUXH" <HV LW LV
xa xa

$QVZHU
lim |fÂxÃ| = lim fÂxà LV IDOVH 7KLQN RI lim |3x| = 6 ZKHUH lim 3x = ?6
xa xa x?2 x?2

52EMHFWLYH 
&DOFXODWH OLPLWV LQYROYLQJ WULJRQRPHWULF IXQFWLRQV XVLQJ DOJHEUDLF PDQLSXODWLRQ ZKHQ UHTXLUHG

([DPSOH
)LQG WKH IROORZLQJ OLPLWV LI WKH\ H[LVW


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

$ lim^ tan S
S 6 cos S
% lim 1?cos x
x0 sin x
& lim x
x0 sinÂ8xÃ
' lim 2x+1?cos x
x0 4x

7LS
5HPHPEHU WR XVH lim 1?cos
x
x = 0 DQG lim sin x = 1 ZKHQ DWWDFNLQJ WKHVH SUREOHPV
x0 x0 x

$QVZHUV
$ lim^ tan S = 2 
S cos S
6
3

% lim 1?cos x = lim xÂ1?cos xà = lim Â1?cos xà lim x = 0 6 1 = 0


x0 sin x x0 x sin x x0 x x0 sin x
& lim x = 1 lim 8x 1
= Â1Ã =  1
x0 sinÂ8xà 8 x0 sinÂ8xà 8 8
' lim 2x+1?cos x = lim 2x + 1?cos x = lim 2x + lim 1?cos x = lim 1 + 1 lim 1?cos x = 1 + 1 Â0Ã =
x0 4x x0 4x 4x x0 4x x0 4x x0 2 4 x0 x 2 4
1
2

$V\PSWRWLF DQG 8QERXQGHG %HKDYLRU

52EMHFWLYH 
(VWLPDWH OLPLWV DW LQILQLW\ XVLQJ QXPHULFDO RU JUDSKLFDO WHFKQLTXHV

([DPSOH 
)RU WKH JUDSK RI fÂxà EHORZ ILQG DOO WKH IROORZLQJ

5
4
3
2
1

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5

$ lim fÂxÃ
x?1 ?
% lim fÂxÃ
x?1 +
& lim? fÂxÃ
x1
' lim fÂxÃ
x1 +
( lim? fÂxÃ
x4


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

) lim fÂxÃ
x4 +

7LS
9HUWLFDO DV\PSWRWHV KDYH WKH IRUP lim fÂxà = –K
xa–

$QVZHUV
$ lim ? fÂxà = ?K.
x?1
% lim fÂxà = ?K.
x?1 +
& lim? fÂxà = K.
x1
' lim fÂxà = K.
x1 +
( lim? fÂxà = K.
x4
) lim fÂxà = ?K.
x4 +

([DPSOH 
)LQG lim sin x
xK x

7LS
:KLOH sinÂxà RVFLOODWHV EHWZHHQ ?1 DQG 1 x NHHSV JHWWLQJ ELJJHU DQG sin x
x JRHV WR ]HUR

$QVZHU
lim sin x = 0
xK x

52EMHFWLYH 
6ROYH OLPLWV LQYROYLQJ LQILQLW\ XVLQJ DOJHEUDLF PDQLSXODWLRQ

([DPSOH
)LQG
$ lim 3x ?x+4
2
xK x?x 2
% lim x+2
x2? x 2 ?4
& lim x+2
x2+ x 2 ?4
' lim x+2
x2 x 2 ?4

7LS
6WDWLQJ ?K RU K FRPPXQLFDWHV PRUH LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDQ VLPSOH VD\LQJ '1(

$QVZHUV
1 3? 1x + 4
$ lim 3x ?x+4 = lim 3x ?x+4
2 2 x2 x2
= lim = ?3
xK x?x 2 xK x?x 2 1 xK 1
x ?1
x2
% lim x+2 = lim x+2 = lim 1 = ?K
x2? x 2 ?4 x2? Âx?2ÃÂx+2à x2? Âx?2Ã


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

& lim x+2 = lim 1 = K


x2+ x 2 ?4 x2+ Âx?2Ã
' lim x+2 = undefined 7KH OHIWKDQG VLGH VKRRWV RII WR ?K DQG WKH ULJKWKDQG VLGH VKRRWV RII
x2 x 2 ?4
WR K

52EMHFWLYH 
8VH OLPLWV WR ILQG DQG GHVFULEH DV\PSWRWHV

([DPSOH
8VH OLPLWV RQHVLGHG LI QHFHVVDU\ WR GHVFULEH DOO WKH DV\PSWRWHV LQ WKLV JUDSK

10
8
6
4
2

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

7LS
lim fÂxà = a LV JHQHUDOO\ XVHG IRU KRUL]RQWDO DV\PSWRWHV DQG lim fÂxà = –K LV JHQHUDOO\ XVHG IRU
xK x–a
YHUWLFDO DV\PSWRWHV

$QVZHUV
lim fÂxà = 2 lim fÂxà = 0 lim fÂxà = K lim fÂxà = ?K lim fÂxà = K lim fÂxà = K
x?K xK x?2? x?2+ x0? x0+
lim fÂxà = ?K lim fÂxà = K.
x4? x4+

52EMHFWLYH 
5HFRQVWUXFW WKH JUDSK RI D IXQFWLRQ ZKHQ JLYHQ OLPLWV WKDW GHVFULEH WKH IXQFWLRQ

([DPSOH
'UDZ D URXJK VNHWFK RI D IXQFWLRQ WKDW VDWLVILHV DOO WKH IROORZLQJ
lim fÂxà = 3 lim fÂxà = 0 lim fÂxà = ?K lim fÂxà = K lim fÂxà = K lim fÂxà = ?K.
x?K xK x0? x0+ x3? x3+

7LS
'UDZ HDFK DV\PSWRWH ILUVW DQG WKHQ FRQQHFW WKH OLQHV


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

$QVZHUV

-4 -2 0 2 4
x
-2

-4

-6

-8

52EMHFWLYH 
'HWHUPLQH OLPLWV WKDW FRPSDUH IXQFWLRQV

([DPSOH
)LQG HDFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ OLPLWV
$ lim x ?7x+94
4
xK 4+5x+3x
% lim 22 +x x
x 3
xK x +3
& lim x ?7x+9
3
x0 7 x +x 3
' lim 22 +x x
x 3
xK x +2
x3
( lim 2
xK x +x
) lim x 5 ? 5 x
xK

7LS
5HPHPEHU ZKLFK IXQFWLRQV ZLOO RXWJURZ RWKHUV DV x JRHV WR LQILQLW\

$QVZHUV
$ lim x ?7x+94 = 1 
4
xK 4+5x+3x 3
% lim 22 +x x = 0
x 3
xK x +3
& lim x ?7x+9
3
= 9 ,I \RX SXW 0 KHUH \RX GLGQ¶W QRWLFH WKDW WKH OLPLW JRHV WR 0 DQG QRW K 5HDG
x0 7 x +x 3
WKH TXHVWLRQ FDUHIXOO\ RQ H[DPV
' lim 22 +x x = 1
x 3
xK x +2
x3
( lim 2 = 0
xK x +x
) lim x 5 ? 5 x = ?K
xK


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

52EMHFWLYH 
&RPSDUH UHODWLYH PDJQLWXGHV RI IXQFWLRQV LQFOXGLQJ DOJHEUDLF DQG H[SRQHQWLDO IXQFWLRQV

([DPSOH
 3ODFH DOO RI WKH IROORZLQJ IXQFWLRQV LQ RUGHU IURP WKRVH WKDW JURZ WKH IDVWHVW GRZQ WR RQH WKDW
JURZV WKH VORZHVW
$ aÂxà = x 4 ? 3x + 9
5
% bÂxà = 4x 2

& cÂxà = x 9 ? 3x
' dÂxà = 100 x
( eÂxà = e
) fÂxà = e x
* gÂxà = 2 x ? x 3
+ hÂxà = 9x 2

7LS
5HYLHZ WKH 7XWRULDO RQ FRPSDULQJ UHODWLYH PDJQLWXGHV RI IXQFWLRQV

$QVZHUV
' dÂxà = 100 x
) fÂxà = e x
* gÂxà = 2 x ? x 3
& cÂxà = x 9 ? 3x
$ aÂxà = x 4 ? 3x + 9
5
% bÂxà = 4x 2
+ hÂxà = 9x 2
( eÂxà = e

52EMHFWLYH 
6ROYH SUREOHPV E\ FRPSDULQJ UHODWLYH UDWHV RI JURZWK

([DPSOH
7KH IROORZLQJ QXPHULFDO GDWD FRPHV IURP WKH IXQFWLRQ hÂtà = 2t ? 1.1 t + t 3 
hÂtà 1.9 133.39 1017.4 1. 2498 ¼ 10 5 9.8642 ¼ 10 5
t 1 5 10 50 100
:RXOG \RX DJUHH WKDW lim hÂtà = K" :K\ RU ZK\ QRW"
tK

7LS
8VH ZKDW \RX NQRZ DERXW JURZWK RI IXQFWLRQV WR SUHGLFW HQG EHKDYLRU IRU H[DPSOH EHKDYLRU DV
xK 

$QVZHU
lim hÂtà = ?K VLQFH WKH ?1.1 t WHUP ZLOO HYHQWXDOO\ WDNH RYHU DQG VHQG WKH IXQFWLRQ GRZQ
tK


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

52EMHFWLYH 
)LQG ZKHQ D OLPLW GRHV QRW H[LVW DQG LGHQWLI\ ZK\ WKH OLPLW GRHV QRW H[LVW IRU H[DPSOH
5+/“/+/ YHUWLFDO DV\PSWRWH RU RVFLOODWLRQV 

([DPSOH
'HWHUPLQH HDFK OLPLW LI WKH OLPLW GRHV QRW H[LVW H[SODLQ ZK\ QRW
x 2 ?4x+4
$ lim
x2 x?2
x 2 ?4x+4
% lim
x2 x?2
& lim cos 3
x0 2x
' lim x +4x+4
2
x2 x?2
( lim x cos 3
x0 2x

7LS
5HYLHZ WKH 7XWRULDO RQ OLPLWV WKDW GR QRW H[LVW

$QVZHUV
x 2 ?4x+4
$ lim = undefined 7KLV RQH KDV D KLGGHQ DEVROXWH YDOXH
x2 x?2
x 2 ?4x+4 Âx?2ÃÂx?2Ã |x?2|
lim = lim = lim  VR WKDW H[SUHVVLRQ FKDQJHV IURP D YDOXH RI ?1 WR D
x2 x?2 x2 x?2 x2 x?2
YDOXH RI 1 DW x = 2 7KXV WKH RHL “ LHL DQG WKH OLPLW GRHV QRW H[LVW
Âx?2ÃÂx?2Ã
% lim x ?4x+4 = 0 VLQFH lim x ?4x+4 = lim
2 2
= lim Âx ? 2Ã = 0
x2 x?2 x2 x?2 x2 x?2 x2
& lim cos 3 = undefined VLQFH WKH IXQFWLRQ RVFLOODWHV DV x  0
x0 2x
' lim x +4x+4 = undefined
2
x2 x?2
:H KDYH D YHUWLFDO DV\PSWRWH KHUH

150

100

50

-4 -2 0 2 4
x
-50

-100

-150

( lim x cos 3 = 0.
x0 2x
7KRXJK WKLV RQH RVFLOODWHV DURXQG WKH RULJLQ WKH IXQFWLRQ GRHV HYHQWXDOO\ JR WR ]HUR DV x  0
VLQFH WKH x LQ IURQW PDNHV WKH DPSOLWXGH RI WKH RVFLOODWLRQ VPDOOHU DQG VPDOOHU

52EMHFWLYH 
$QDO\]H VLWXDWLRQV WKDW FDQ EH GHVFULEHG LQ WHUPV RI OLPLWV RI IXQFWLRQV


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

([DPSOH
6DOW ZDWHU ZLWK D FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI 4.5 JUDPV RI VDOW SHU JDOORQ IORZV LQWR D ODUJH WURXJK WKDW
LQLWLDOO\ FRQWDLQV 40 JDOORQV RI SXUH ZDWHU 7KH VDOW ZDWHU LV IORZLQJ LQWR WKH WURXJK DW D UDWH RI 5
JDOORQV SHU PLQXWH
$ )LQG WKH YROXPH RI ZDWHU VÂtà LQ WKH WDQN DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WLPH
% )LQG WKH DPRXQW RI VDOW AÂtà LQ WKH WDQN DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WLPH
& )LQG WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI VDOW CÂtà LQ JUDPV SHU JDOORQ DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WLPH
' )LQG lim CÂtà :KDW GRHV WKLV OLPLW UHSUHVHQW"
tK

7LS
$OZD\V WDNH \RXU WLPH DQG WUDQVODWH LQWR PDWK V\PEROV ZKDW LV JLYHQ 'UDZ D SLFWXUH LI RQH ZLOO
KHOS \RX YLVXDOL]H ZKDW¶V KDSSHQLQJ

$QVZHUV
$ )LQG WKH YROXPH RI ZDWHU LQ WKH WDQN DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WLPH
VÂtà = 40 + 5t
% )LQG WKH DPRXQW RI VDOW LQ WKH WDQN DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WLPH
AÂtà = 4.5Â5Ãt = 22. 5t VLQFH 5 JDOORQV SHU PLQXWH DUH FRPLQJ LQWR WKH WURXJK DQG WKHUH DUH 4.5
JUDPV SHU JDOORQ
& )LQG WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ RI VDOW LQ JUDPV SHU JDOORQ DV D IXQFWLRQ RI WLPH
AÂtÃ
CÂtà = = 22. 5t
VÂtà 40+5t
' )LQG lim CÂtà :KDW GRHV WKLV OLPLW UHSUHVHQW"
tK
1
lim CÂtà = lim 22.5t = lim 22.5t 6 t 22.5 = 22.5 = 4.5 JUDPV SHU JDOORQ
= lim 40
tK tK 40+5t tK 40+5t 1
t
tK
t
+5 5
7KH LQLWLDO 40 JDOORQV RI VDOW EHFRPH OHVV DQG OHVV LPSRUWDQW DV PRUH DQG PRUH VDOW ZDWHU LV
DGGHG WR WKH WDQN 7KH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ LQ WKH WDQN ZLOO DOZD\V EH OHVV WKDQ WKH VDOW ZDWHU FRPLQJ
LQ EXW LWV FRQFHQWUDWLRQ ZLOO DSSURDFK 4.5 JUDPVJDOORQ
AÂtÃ
+HUH LV D JUDSK RI CÂtà = = 22. 5t  <RX FDQ VHH WKH KRUL]RQWDO DV\PSWRWH
VÂtà 40+5t

0 10 20 30 40 50
t


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

&RQWLQXLW\

52EMHFWLYH 
6WDWH WKH GHILQLWLRQ RI FRQWLQXLW\ DW D SRLQW

([DPSOH
6WDWH WKH GHILQLWLRQ RI FRQWLQXLW\ DW D SRLQW

7LS
$ IXQFWLRQ LV FRQWLQXRXV LI \RX FDQ GUDZ WKH JUDSK ZLWKRXW OLIWLQJ \RXU SHQFLO RII RI WKH SDSHU
%XW WKLV LVQ¶W WKH IRUPDO GHILQLWLRQ

$QVZHU
fÂxà LV FRQWLQXRXV DW x = a LI lim fÂxà DQG fÂaà ERWK H[LVW DQG lim fÂxà = fÂaÃ.
xa xa

52EMHFWLYH 
'HWHUPLQH LI D IXQFWLRQ LV FRQWLQXRXV DW D FHUWDLQ SRLQW XVLQJ WKH OLPLW GHILQLWLRQ

([DPSOH
'HVFULEH ZK\ fÂxà = ÄÄxÅÅ GRHV QRW PHHW WKH GHILQLWLRQ RI FRQWLQXRXV DW x = 3 ([SODLQ ZK\ LW GRHV
DW x = 2.5

7LS
fÂxà LV FRQWLQXRXV DW x = a LI lim fÂxà DQG fÂaà ERWK H[LVW DQG lim fÂxà = fÂaÃ
xa xa

$QVZHUV
$W x = 3 ,Q WKLV FDVH lim fÂxà GRHV QRW H[LVW VR WKDW WKH FRQGLWLRQV RI FRQWLQXLW\ FDQ¶W EH WUXH
xa
$W x = 2.5 lim fÂxà H[LVWV DQG LV HTXDO WR 2 fÂaà = fÂ2.5à H[LVWV DQG LV DOVR HTXDO WR 2 WKHUHIRUH
xa
lim fÂxà = fÂaà = 2 DQG fÂxà = ÄÄxÅÅ LV FRQWLQXRXV DW x = 2.5
xa

52EMHFWLYH 
'HWHUPLQH WKH W\SH RI GLVFRQWLQXLW\ WKDW PD\ H[LVW JUDSKLFDOO\ DQG DQDO\WLFDOO\

([DPSOH
/DEHO DOO WKH GLVFRQWLQXLWLHV LQ HDFK IXQFWLRQ DV HLWKHU D MXPS LQILQLWH RU UHPRYDEOH
GLVFRQWLQXLW\ DQG VWDWH WKH x YDOXH ZKHUH HDFK GLVFRQWLQXLW\ WDNHV SODFH
x 2 ?16 if x < 1
$ gÂxà = x+4
4 if x ˜ 1
x?7


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

%

10

-4 -2 0 2 4
x

-5

-10

1RWH WKH RSHQ KROH DW x = ?3


& hÂxà = x  ZKHUH ÄÄuÅÅ LV WKH JUHDWHVW LQWHJHU IXQFWLRQ
2

7LS
5HPHPEHU WR WKLQN RI WKHVH LQ WHUPV RI OLPLWV VLQFH WKH GHILQLWLRQ RI FRQWLQXLW\ LV WKDW
lim fÂxà = fÂaà /RRN IRU SODFHV ZKHUH WKH IXQFWLRQV PLJKW EH XQGHILQHG DV ZHOO DV SODFHV ZKHUH
xa
GLIIHUHQW SLHFHV JOXH WRJHWKHU

$QVZHUV
x 2 ?16 if x < 1
$ gÂxà = x+4
4 if x ˜ 1
x?7
$W x = ?4 ZH KDYH D UHPRYDEOH GLVFRQWLQXLW\ VLQFH DOO ZH ZRXOG KDYH WR GR LV GHILQH WKH IXQFWLRQ
WR EH ?8 DW x = ?4 LQ RUGHU WR PDNH LW FRQWLQXRXV
$W x = 1 ZH KDYH D MXPS GLVFRQWLQXLW\ VLQFH WKH ULJKWKDQG OLPLW “ WKH OHIWKDQG OLPLW
$W x = 7 ZH KDYH DQ LQILQLWH GLVFRQWLQXLW\ VLQFH ZH KDYH D YHUWLFDO DV\PSWRWH
%

10

-4 -2 0 2 4
x

-5

-10

1RWH WKH RSHQ KROH DW x = ?3


$W x = ?3 ZH KDYH D UHPRYDEOH GLVFRQWLQXLW\ VLQFH DOO ZH ZRXOG KDYH WR GR LV GHILQH WKH IXQFWLRQ
WR EH ?6 DW x = ?3 LQ RUGHU WR PDNH LW FRQWLQXRXV
$W x = 1 ZH KDYH D MXPS GLVFRQWLQXLW\ VLQFH WKH ULJKWKDQG OLPLW “ WKH OHIWKDQG OLPLW
$W x = 2 ZH KDYH DQ LQILQLWH GLVFRQWLQXLW\ VLQFH ZH KDYH D YHUWLFDO DV\PSWRWH


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

& hÂxà = x ZKHUH ÄÄuÅÅ LV WKH JUHDWHVW LQWHJHU IXQFWLRQ


2
7KLV IXQFWLRQ KDV MXPS GLVFRQWLQXLWLHV ZKHQHYHU x LV HTXDO WR DQ LQWHJHU ZKLFK LV IRU DOO HYHQ
2
LQWHJHUV 7KH JUDSK ORRNV OLNH

x
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6
0

-1

-2

-3

52EMHFWLYH 
'HVFULEH GLVFRQWLQXLWLHV LQ WHUPV RI OLPLWV

([DPSOH
/DEHO HDFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ DV HLWKHU D MXPS LQILQLWH RU UHPRYDEOH GLVFRQWLQXLW\
$ lim fÂxà = L 1 “ L 2 = lim fÂxÃ.
xa? xa+
% lim fÂxà = K.
xa?
& lim fÂxà = L 1 “ fÂaÃ.
xa
' lim fÂxà = ?K.
xa+
( lim fÂxà = L EXW fÂaà DNE.
xa

7LS
9LVXDOL]H D JHQHUDOL]HG JUDSK LQ HDFK RI WKH FDVHV

$QVZHUV
$ lim fÂxà = L 1 “ L 2 = lim fÂxà : MXPS
xa? xa+
% lim fÂxà = K : LQILQLWH
xa?
& lim fÂxà = L 1 “ fÂaà : UHPRYDEOH
xa
' lim fÂxà = ?K : LQILQLWH
xa+
( lim fÂxà = L fÂaà DNE : UHPRYDEOH
xa


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

52EMHFWLYH 
6ROYH IRU SDUDPHWHUV LQ HTXDWLRQV WKDW UHSUHVHQW FRQWLQXRXV IXQFWLRQV

([DPSOH
*LYHQ WKDW hÂtà LV FRQWLQXRXV ILQG WKH YDOXHV RI c DQG d
ct + 2 if t < ?2
^t
sin à if ?2 — t — 3
hÂtà = 2
2
t ?d if t > 3

7LS
(DFK SLHFH RI WKH IXQFWLRQ PXVW PDWFK HDFK RI WKH RWKHU SLHFHV DW WKH MXQFWLRQV

$QVZHUV
c = 1 DQG d = 10
6LQFH lim hÂtà = lim hÂtÃ
t?2? t?2+
^Â?2Ã
c�2à + 2 = sin à = 0 VR WKDW c = 1
2
VLQFH lim hÂtà = lim hÂtÃ
t3? t3+
sin 3^ à = 3 2 ? d
2
?1 = 9 ? d VR WKDW d = 10

52EMHFWLYH 
6WDWH LQIRUPDOO\ WKH ,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP DQG WKH ([WUHPH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP LQFOXGLQJ
WKHLU K\SRWKHVHV

([DPSOH
6WDWH LQIRUPDOO\ WKH ,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP DQG WKH ([WUHPH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP LQFOXGLQJ
WKHLU K\SRWKHVHV

7LS
5HYLVLW WKH 7XWRULDO RQ WKHVH WKHRUHPV

$QVZHUV
7KH ,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP VWDWHV WKDW LI f LV D IXQFWLRQ FRQWLQXRXV IRU DOO SRLQWV LQ WKH
FORVHG LQWHUYDO Äa, bÅ IRU HYHU\ YDOXH C EHWZHHQ fÂaÃDQG fÂbà WKHUH LV DW OHDVW RQH c EHWZHHQ a DQG
b IRU ZKLFK fÂcà = C
7KH ([WUHPH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP VWDWHV WKDW LI f LV D IXQFWLRQ FRQWLQXRXV IRU DOO SRLQWV LQ WKH FORVHG
LQWHUYDO Äa, bÅ f WDNHV RQ ERWK D PD[LPXP YDOXH M DQG D PLQLPXP YDOXH m RYHU WKDW LQWHUYDO


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

52EMHFWLYH 
6WDWH ZK\ HDFK K\SRWKHVLV LV QHHGHG LQ WKH ,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP DQG WKH ([WUHPH
9DOXH 7KHRUHP

([DPSOH
1 + x, ? 1 — x < 0
&RQVLGHU WKH IXQFWLRQ fÂxà = 2  ([SODLQ ZK\ WKH ([WUHPH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP IDLOV
1,0 — x — 1
2 2
?1, ? 1 — x < 0
WR KROG IRU fÂxà RQ ? 1 , 1  $OVR FRQVLGHU WKH IXQFWLRQ gÂxà =  ([SODLQ ZK\ WKH
2 2 1, 0 — x — 1
,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP IDLOV WR KROG IRU gÂxà RQ Ä?1, 1Å

7LS
5HYLHZ WKH VWDWHPHQWV RI WKH ,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP DQG WKH ([WUHPH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP

$QVZHU
,Q RUGHU IRU WKH (97 DQG ,97 WR KROG RQ DQ LQWHUYDO \RX QHHG D IXQFWLRQ WR EH FRQWLQXRXV RQ
WKDW LQWHUYDO 1RWH WKDW fÂxà LV QRW FRQWLQXRXV RQ ? 1 , 1 DQG gÂxà LV QRW FRQWLQXRXV RQ Ä?1, 1Å
2 2
6R IRU H[DPSOH L WKHUH LV QR c LQ ? 1 , 1 VXFK WKDW fÂcà ˜ fÂxà IRU DOO x LQ ? 1 , 1  DQG LL
2 2 2 2
WKHUH LV QR c LQ Ä?1, 1Å VXFK WKDW gÂcà = 0

52EMHFWLYH 
8VH WKH ,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP DQG WKH ([WUHPH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP WR SUHGLFW VRPH RI WKH
EHKDYLRU RI D FRQWLQXRXV IXQFWLRQ RYHU D FORVHG LQWHUYDO

([DPSOH
6KRZ WKDW WKHUH¶V D URRW RI WKH HTXDWLRQ LQ WKH JLYHQ LQWHUYDO
$ 2x 3 + x 2 + 2 = 0 RQ LQWHUYDO Â?2, ?1Ã
% x 4 + 1 = 1x RQ LQWHUYDO Â 1 , 1Ã
2

7LS
5HYLVLW WKH 7XWRULDO RQ WKHVH WKHRUHPV

$QVZHUV
$ )LUVW OHW fÂxà = 2x 3 + x 2 + 2 :H NQRZ WKDW DOO SRO\QRPLDOV DUH FRQWLQXRXV VR fÂxà LV FRQWLQXRXV
RQ WKH FORVHG LQWHUYDO Ä?2, ?1Å 7KHQ VLQFH fÂ?2Ã = ?16 + 4 + 2 = ?10 DQG fÂ?1Ã = ?2 + 1 + 2 = 1 ZH FDQ
VD\ WKDW WKHUH H[LVWV DW OHDVW RQH YDOXH RI x RQ LQWHUYDO Â?2, ?1à ZKHUH fÂxà = 0 ,QWHUPHGLDWH
9DOXH 7KHRUHP 
% )LUVW OHW fÂxà = x 4 + 1 ? 1x  :H NQRZ WKDW DOO SRO\QRPLDOV DUH FRQWLQXRXV DQG 1x LV FRQWLQXRXV
H[FHSW DW x = 0 VR fÂxà LV FRQWLQXRXV RQ WKH FORVHG LQWHUYDO Ä 1 , 1Å 7KHQ VLQFH
2
f 1 à = 1 + 1 ? 2 = ? 15 DQG fÂ1à = 1 + 1 ? 1 = 1 ZH FDQ VD\ WKDW WKHUH H[LVWV DW OHDVW RQH YDOXH RI
2 16 16
x RQ LQWHUYDO  1 , 1à ZKHUH fÂxà = 0 ,QWHUPHGLDWH 9DOXH 7KHRUHP 
2


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

5HYLHZ

52EMHFWLYH 
6ROYH SUREOHPV WKDW FRQQHFW WKH FRQFHSWV RI WKH 8QLW WRJHWKHU DV WKH\ ZLOO EH FRQQHFWHG RQ WKH
8QLW 4XL] DQG SRVVLEO\ LQ WKH $3 ([DP

52EMHFWLYH 
$SSO\ \RXU NQRZOHGJH WR VLWXDWLRQV WKDW ORRN QHZ RQ WKH VXUIDFH EXW WKDW FDQ EH DQDO\]HG DQG
VROYHG XVLQJ WKH WHFKQLTXHV WDXJKW LQ WKLV 8QLW

([DPSOH 
x+c 2 ?c
/HW fÂxà = x  ZKHUH c > 0
$ :KDW LV WKH GRPDLQ RI f"
% +RZ FDQ \RX GHILQH f DW x = 0 IRU f WR EH FRQWLQXRXV WKHUH"

7LSV
t $OWKRXJK SXWWLQJ LQ DFWXDO YDOXHV LQ IRU c FDQ KHOS \RX YLVXDOL]H WKH SUREOHP \RX PXVW QRW
SOXJ LQ YDOXHV IRU c ZKHQ \RX SUHVHQW \RXU VROXWLRQ 7KH LGHD LV WR NHHS WKH IXQFWLRQ
JHQHUDO IRU DQ\ YDOXHV RI c JUHDWHU WKDQ ]HUR
t 5HOD[ DQG WDNH WKH H[WUD WLPH WKDW KDUGHU SUREOHPV OLNH WKHVH UHTXLUH

$QVZHUV
$ 7KH GRPDLQ RI x LV Æx : x ˜ ?c 2 , x “ 0Ç
% ,Q RUGHU WR EH FRQWLQXRXV DW x = 0 lim fÂxà = fÂaà VR ZH VKRXOG ILQG lim fÂxÃ
xa x0
x+c ?c
2 x+c ?c
2 x+c +c 2
x+c ?c
2 2 x 1
lim x = lim x 6 = lim = lim = lim = 1
x0 x0 x+c +c 2 x0 x x+c +c
2 x0 x x+c 2 +c x0 x+c +c
2 2c

7KHUHIRUH ZH VKRXOG GHILQH WKH IXQFWLRQ WR EH 1 DW x = 0 WR PDNH WKH IXQFWLRQ FRQWLQXRXV DW


2c
x = 0

([DPSOH 
*LYHQ WKDW lim 6x3 ?3x+4
n
= 3 ZKDW DUH WKH YDOXHV RI a DQG n"
xK ax ?4x 2 +9

7LS
5HYLHZ WKH 7XWRULDO RQ FRPSDULQJ UHODWLYH PDJQLWXGHV RI IXQFWLRQV

$QVZHU
n = 3 VLQFH WKH OLPLW ZRXOG EH 0 RU K LQ DQ\ RWKHU FDVH 7KLV IRUFHV a WR KDYH D YDOXH RI 2

([DPSOH 
7KH QXPEHU RI XQLWV LQ DQ LQYHQWRU\ IRU D VPDOO FRPSDQ\ LV JLYHQ E\ WKH IXQFWLRQ
NÂtà = 500 t+2 ? 250t ^t : 0 — t — 12` DQG t LV PHDVXUHG LQ PRQWKV
2
ÄÄuÅÅ LV WKH JUHDWHVW LQWHJHU IXQFWLRQ RU LQW X RQ PRVW FDOFXODWRUV
$ :KHUH DUH WKH GLVFRQWLQXLWLHV LQ WKLV IXQFWLRQ"
% +RZ RIWHQ GRHV WKLV FRPSDQ\ UHVWRFN LWV LQYHQWRU\"


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

7LS
*UDSKLQJ WKLV IXQFWLRQ LV GHILQLWHO\ WKH ZD\ WR YLVXDOL]H ZKDW¶V JRLQJ RQ LQ WKLV SUREOHP EXW
UHPHPEHU WR WDON LQ WHUPV RI OLPLWV ZKHQ \RX ZULWH \RXU DQVZHU

$QVZHUV

500

400

300

200

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12
t

$ )URP WKH JUDSK ZH FDQ VHH WKDW WKH IXQFWLRQ MXPSV DW HYHQ LQWHJHUV 2n  lim fÂxà = 0
x2n?
lim fÂxà = 500
x2n+
% 7KH\ UHVWRFN HYHU\ WZR PRQWKV


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

$ERXW WKH 8QLW 4XL]

:KDW WR %ULQJ
%ULQJ VFUDWFK SDSHU DQG \RXU FDOFXODWRU WR WKH 4XL] 'RQ¶W EULQJ QRWHV ERRNV RU RWKHU
UHIHUHQFH PDWHULDOV <RX ZRQ¶W EH DEOH WR DVN IRU KHOS GXULQJ WKH 4XL]

'LUHFWLRQV IRU 0XOWLSOH&KRLFH 3RUWLRQ  TXHVWLRQV  PLQXWHV


+HUH DUH WKH GLUHFWLRQV \RX¶OO VHH RQ WKH 4XL]
t 6ROYH HDFK RI WKH IROORZLQJ SUREOHPV GHFLGH ZKLFK DQVZHU FKRLFH LV EHVW DQG FLUFOH LWV
FRUUHVSRQGLQJ OHWWHU 1R FUHGLW ZLOO EH JLYHQ IRU DQ\WKLQJ ZULWWHQ RQ WKLV VHFWLRQ RI WKH 4XL]
'RQ¶W VSHQG WRR PXFK WLPH RQ DQ\ RQH SUREOHP
t ,Q WKLV VHFWLRQ RI WKH 4XL] DV D FRUUHFWLRQ IRU JXHVVLQJ RQHIRXUWK RI WKH QXPEHU RI
TXHVWLRQV DQVZHUHG LQFRUUHFWO\ ZLOO EH VXEWUDFWHG IURP WKH QXPEHU RI TXHVWLRQV DQVZHUHG
FRUUHFWO\
t <RX PD\ QRW XVH D FDOFXODWRU RQ WKH ILUVW  SUREOHPV
t ,Q WKLV 4XL] 8QOHVV RWKHUZLVH VSHFLILHG WKH GRPDLQ RI D IXQFWLRQ f LV DVVXPHG WR EH WKH VHW
RI DOO UHDO QXPEHUV x IRU ZKLFK fÂxà LV D UHDO QXPEHU

'LUHFWLRQV IRU )UHH5HVSRQVH 3RUWLRQ  TXHVWLRQV  PLQXWHV


+HUH DUH WKH GLUHFWLRQV \RX¶OO VHH RQ WKH 4XL]
t $QVZHU HDFK RI WKH TXHVWLRQV IXOO\ 6KRZ DOO \RXU ZRUN ,QGLFDWH FOHDUO\ WKH PHWKRGV \RX
XVH \RX¶OO EH JUDGHG RQ WKH FRUUHFWQHVV RI \RXU PHWKRGV DV ZHOO DV WKH DFFXUDF\ RI \RXU
ILQDO DQVZHUV &RUUHFW DQVZHUV ZLWKRXW VXSSRUWLQJ ZRUN PD\ QRW UHFHLYH FUHGLW
-XVWLILFDWLRQV UHTXLUH PDWKHPDWLFDO QRQFDOFXODWRU QRQFRPSXWHU UHDVRQV
t <RX PD\ QRW XVH D FDOFXODWRU RQ WKH ILUVW SUREOHP
t 0RVW TXHVWLRQV ZLOO EH JLYHQ LQ VHYHUDO SDUWV 7KH DQVZHUV IURP RQH VHFWLRQ ZLOO RIWHQ EH
XVHG LQ IROORZLQJ VHFWLRQV 0LVVLQJ SRLQWV LQ DQ HDUOLHU VHFWLRQ GRHV QRW PHDQ \RX¶OO ORVH
SRLQWV LQ IROORZLQJ VHFWLRQV
t 7KH WHVW FRUUHFWRU ZLOO QRW DVVXPH \RX XVHG SURSHU VHW XS DQG PHWKRGV LI \RX UHDFK WKH
FRUUHFW DQVZHU ,W¶V XS WR \RX WR FRPPXQLFDWH WKH PHWKRGV \RX XVHG

+LQWV DQG 7LSV IRU )UHH5HVSRQVH 3RUWLRQ


t 7DNH \RXU WLPH UHDGLQJ WKH TXHVWLRQV
t <RX KDYH  PLQXWHV IRU WKH IUHHUHVSRQVH TXHVWLRQV 7DNH VRPH WLPH WR WKLQN DERXW WKH
TXHVWLRQ ,I \RX GRQ¶W XQGHUVWDQG WKH TXHVWLRQ \RX¶UH YHU\ XQOLNHO\ WR ILQG WKH ULJKW
DQVZHU

6FRULQJ
$V D JHQHUDO UXOH SRLQWV DUH GLYLGHG DV IROORZV
 3URSHU VHW XS RI WKH SUREOHP
 3URSHU PHWKRG HPSOR\HG IRU VROYLQJ WKH SUREOHP
 &RUUHFW DQVZHU

7KH &DOFXODWRU
7KH FDOFXODWRU FDQ EH XVHG IRU VSHFLILF WDVNV EXW \RX PXVW VKRZ WKH VHWXS LQ VWDQGDUG
PDWKHPDWLFDO QRWDWLRQ )RU WKLV 4XL] \RX PD\ RQO\ XVH \RXU FDOFXODWRU WR JUDSK D IXQFWLRQ DQG
ILQG WKH URRWV RI DQ HTXDWLRQ ,I \RX¶UH DVNHG WR ILQG WKH x YDOXHV RI WKH SRLQWV RI LQWHUVHFWLRQ
EHWZHHQ y = x 2 DQG y = cos x \RX PXVW ZULWH x 2 ? cos x = 0 EHIRUH VWDWLQJ WKDW WKH VROXWLRQ LV
Æx = .824 13, ?.82413Ç


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.
&DOFXOXV $% 5HYLHZ
/LPLWV DQG &RQWLQXLW\

:KDW GRHV ³ 6KRZ \RXU :RUN´ 5HDOO\ 0HDQ"


,I \RX¶UH DVNHG WR XVH OLPLWV WR ILQG WKH YHUWLFDO DV\PSWRWH IRU y = 4  WKHQ \RX VKRXOGQ¶W SXW
3?x
x = 3 DV WKH DQVZHU <RX DOVR QHHG WR H[SODLQ WKDW lim 4 = ?K DQG lim 4 = K ,I WKH
x3+ 3?x x3? 3?x
TXHVWLRQ LV ZRUWK WZR SRLQWV RQH SRLQW LV JLYHQ IRU D VROLG H[SODQDWLRQ DQG RQH SRLQW IRU WKH
FRUUHFW DQVZHU

8VH 8QLWV
,I XQLWV DUH JLYHQ LQ WKH SUREOHP PDNH VXUH \RX JLYH WKHP LQ \RXU DQVZHU

$QVZHU WKH 4XHVWLRQ


%H YHU\ FDUHIXO WR DQVZHU WKH TXHVWLRQ DVNHG ,I \RX¶UH DVNHG WR ILQG WKH SRLQWV RI LQWHUVHFWLRQ
EHWZHHQ y = x 2 DQG y = cos x WKHQ Æx = .824 13, ?.82413Ç LV WKH ZURQJ DQVZHU 7KH FRUUHFW DQVZHU
LV 3RLQWV Â?.82413, . 679 19Ã DQG Â.82413, .679 19Ã


Copyright © 2021 Apex Learning. See Terms of Use for further information. Images of the TI-84 calculator are used with the
permission of Texas Instruments Incorporated. Copyright © 2011 Texas Instruments Incorporated.

You might also like