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2.1 Nutrients
Nutrition
Taking in of nutrients which are organic substances and
mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for
growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating
them.
Everyone enjoy eating tasty food. Food gives us
pleasure. Tt also gives us the nutrients that we
need to stay healthy.

Nutrients are substances in food that the

body uses:
- To provide energy.
- To provide materials for making the
chemicals that are needed to make other
parts of the body
Different kinds of food contain different nutrients.

1- Proteins, carbohydrates and fat

The nutrients that we need to eat in the largest quantity
are proteins, carbohydrates and fat.

a) Proteins
 Proteins is used for making new cells.
 Protein is also used for making many
important chemicals in the body, such as
enzymes and antibodies.
 Cells can use proteins to supply energy.

b) Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates is used to provide energy.
 Starch and sugar are to kinds of
carbohydrates.

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c) Fat
 Fat also provides energy.
 Fat can be stored in the body.
 Fat stores underneath the skin provide insulation.
 Fat is needed to make new cell membranes.

2- Vitamins and minerals

 Vitamins and minerals are nutrients that we need in only very small quantities. They do not provide
energy.
 There are many different kinds of vitamins and minerals that we need to eat . Fruit and
vegetables are good source of some of them.

3- Fiber and water

a) Fiber (roughage) helps to keep food moving easily through the digestive system. We get fiber from
fresh fruits and vegetables, and also from food made from whole seed such as brown rice or who meal
bread.
b) Water is sometimes considered to be nutrient. Between 60% and 70% of the body is made up of water.

Nutrient Use in the body Good sources

Carbohydrate To provide energy Cereals, bread, pasta, rice

and potatoes

Protein For growth and repair Fish, meat, eggs, beans,

pulses and dairy products

Lipids (fats and To provide energy. Also to store energy in Butter, oil and nuts
oils) the body and insulate it against the cold.

Minerals Needed in small amounts to maintain Salt, milk (for calcium) and
health liver (for iron)

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Vitamins Needed in small amounts to maintain Fruit, vegetables, dairy

health foods

Dietary fiber To provide roughage to help to keep the Vegetables, bran

food moving through the gut

Water Needed for cells and body fluids Water, fruit juice, milk

 Vitamins are organic substances, which means they’re made by plants or

animals.
 Minerals are inorganic elements that come from soil and water, and are absorbed by
plants or eaten by animals.
 Your body needs larger amounts of some minerals, such as calcium, to grow and stay
healthy.
 Other minerals like chromium, copper, iodine, iron, selenium, and zinc are called
trace minerals because you need only very small amounts of them.

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Questions 2.1
- Define nutrition
- Classify nutrients into organic and mineral ions
- Identify food groups and their importance

Block 1 - Unit 2 - Grade Page |

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Block 1 - Unit 2 - Grade Page |

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Block 1 - Unit 2 - Grade Page |