Seminar report done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Degree

of Bachelor of Computer Application

E-BALL TECHNOLGY

SEMINAR REPORT

Done by

AKASH JOE KURIAN, 210021087937

Under the guidance of

Mrs.Suhana Shiyas

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER APPLICATION

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER

MES COLLEGE ERUMELY

(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam)

Erumely – 686509

JANUARY – 2024

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

MES COLLEGE ERUMELY

1
1
 (Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University)

Erumely – 686509

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “E-BALL TECHNOLGY” is a bonafide report
of the SixthSemester Seminar done by AKASH JOE KURIAN, Reg No 210021087937 in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Computer
Application from
Mahatma Gandhi University ,in December 2023,They have done the Seminar with prior
approval from the Department.

Seminar Guide Head of the Department

Ms.Suhana Shiyas Ms.Betty Joseph

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor

Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science

Place: Erumely

Date:

2
 DECLARATION

I, hereby declare that the seminar work entitled ‘E-BALL TECHNOLGY, is an authenticated work
carried out underthe guidance of Suhana Shiyas, Assistant Professor, for the partial fulfillment of the
award of the degree of Bachelor of Computer Application and this work has not been submitted for
similar purpose anywhere else expect to MES College Erumely, affiliated by Mahatma Gandhi
University, Kottayam.

Place: Erumely AKASH JOE KURIAN

Date:

3
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First, we sincerely thank the God Almighty who is most beneficent and merciful for giving
me the knowledge and courage to complete the project successfully.

We derive immense pleasure in expressing our sincere thanks to the Principal Mr.Anil
Kumar, for his permission and for providing facilities for the successful completion of the
project.

We express our gratitude to Ms. Betty Joseph, Head of the Department, Computer Science,
for her encouragement and motivation during the project.

We express our heartfelt gratefulness to Ms. Betty Joseph, Assistant Professor & Head of the
Department , Department of Computer Science, project guide, for her valuable guidance and
suggestions during the project.

Finally, we appreciate the patience and solid support of our parents and enthusiastic friends
for their encouragement and moral support for this effort

4
 TABLE OFCONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FEATURES OF E-BALL

3. PARTS OF E-BALL

4. COMPONENT OF E-BALL

5. PROJECTORS IN E-BALL

6. WORKING OF E-BALL

7. IF THERE IS NO WALL ..... ?

8. SCENARIO IN USE

9.ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

10. RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

11. IMPACT,CONCLUSION

5
 INTRODUCTION

A new concept of pc is coming now that is E-Ball Concept pc. The E-Ball concept
pc is a sphere shaped computer which is the smallest design among all the
laptops and desktops. This computer has all the feature like a traditional
computer, elements like keyboard or mouse., dvd, large screen display. E Ball is
designed that pc is be placed on two stands, opens by pressing and holding the
two buttons located on each side of the E-Ball pc, this pe is the latest concept
technology. The E-Ball is a sphere shaped computer concept which is the
smallest design among all the laptops and desktops have ever made. This PC
concept features all the traditional elements like mouse, keyboard, large screen
display, DVD recorder, etc, all in an innovative manner. E-Ball is designed to be
placed on two stands, opens by simultaneously pressing and holding the two
buttons located on each side. After opening the stand and turning ON the PC,
pressing the detaching mouse button will allow you to detach the optical
mouse from the PC body. This concept features a laser keyboard that can be
activated by pressing the particular button. E-Ball is very small, it is having only
6 inch diameter sphere. It is having 120×120mm motherboard.

E Ball concept pc don't have any external display unit, it has a button when you
press this. button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the
wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. If there is no wall then it has a
paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces like an umbrella just after
popping up,and it will show desktop on the paper sheet. Also, the E-Ball PC
supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a
screen where you can watch movies or something. This concept PC will
measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS,
sorry about the others. For the moment there is no word on pricing or when
it's going to be available, however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a
small spherical PC like this one.

Aren't you tired of your PC? By his ugly shape and the way that it looks? Well,
this is exactly what designer Apostol Tnokovski was feeling when he decided to
create the smallest PC ever made.
6
Apostol Tnokovski introduced a new pc that is E-Ball Concept pc. The E-Ball
concept pc is a sphere shaped pc which is the smallest design among all the
laptops and desktops. This computer has all the feature like a traditional
computer, elements like keyboard, mouse, dvd , large screen display etc

E-Ball is designed to be placed on two stands, opens by simultaneously

pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side. E Ball concept pe
don't have any external display unit.

It has a button when you press this button a projector will pop and it focus the
computer screen on the wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. This
concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft
Windows OS.

For the moment there is no word on pricing or when it's going to be available,
however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like
this E-BALL shape is spherical because in Tnokovski's opinion this is the best
shape in nature and it draws everybody's attention.

E-Ball will feature a dual core processor, 250-500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM,
integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W speakers, HD-DVD recorder,
wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN and WLAN card, modem, Web
cam and integrated LCD projector.

FEATURES OF E-BALL:-

→I-TECH VIRTUAL KEYBOARD

→DUAL CORE PROCESSOR

7
→2GB-RAM

→350-500 GB HARDDRIVE

→ INTEGRATED GRAPHICS AND SOUND CARD

→ SPEAKERS

→WIRELESS OPTICAL MOUSE

LAN AND WLAN CARD

→LCD PROJECTOR

PAPER HOLDER

→ MODEM

8
Parts of E-Ball:-

A) PROCESSOR

Intel Core is a brand name used for various mid-range to high-end consumer
and business microprocessor made by Intel. The current lineup of Core
processors includes the latest following processors:

Intel Core i7 Intel Core i5

Intel Core i3 Intel Core
Intel Core Intel Core 2 Duo
Intel Core 2 Solo Intel Core 2 Quad
The e-ball pe basically uses Intel core 2 Duo processor. Figure shown below
shows the Intel core 2 duo process

9
B) RAM

RAM stands for Random Access memory. It gets the word "random" because
information can be accessed in non-sequential order. Though the data itself is
stored tighter, it could be anywhere in the "container" or amount of RAM
available. RAM is measure in "bits", and 8 bits equal to 1 byte. A kilobyte is
equal to 1024 bits, and megabyte is equal to 1024 kilobyte. The E-BALL. pc
uses 2gb of RAM.

1) SRAM don't require external refresh circuitry

2) SRAM is faster than DRAM.

3) SRAM is more power-efficient when idle.

4) SRAM is several times more expensive than DRAM

10
C) HARD DRIVE
1) Hard drive is basically a secondary storage device. It is non-volatile in nature.
It consists of metal platter coated with oxide that can be magnetized to
represents data. We can directly access the data from hard drive. The e-ball pc
basically consists 350-500 GB of hard drive

D) GRAPHIC & SOUND CARD

A video card, display card, graphics card, or graphics adapter is an expansion

card which generates output images to a display. Most video cards offer various
functions such as accelerated rendering of 30 scenes and 2D graphics, MPEG-
2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors
(multi-monitor). Other modern high performance video cards are used for
more graphically demanding purposes, such as PC games. Video hardware is
often integrated into the motherboard however all modern motherboards
provide expansion ports to which a video card can be attached. In this
configuration it is sometimes referred to as a video controller or graphics A
video card, display card, graphics card, or graphics adapter is an
expansion card controller

11
E) VIRTUAL KEYBOARD

Virtual Keyboard is just another example of today's computer trend of smaller

and faster'. It uses sensor technology and artificial intelligence to let users work
on any surface as if it were a keyboard.

Virtual Keyboard is a small Java application that lets you easily create
multilingual text content on almost any existing platform and output it directly
to web pages. Virtual Keyboard, being a small, handy, well-designed and easy
to use application, turns into a perfect solution for cross platform multilingual
text input,

The main features are: platform-independent multilingual support for keyboard

text input, built-in language layouts and settings, copy/paste etc. operations
support just as in a regular text editor, already existing system language
settings remain intact, easy and user- friendly interface and design, and
small file size.

12
The Virtual Keyboard uses light to project a full-sized computer keyboard onto
almost any surface, and disappears when not in use. Used with Smart Phones
and PDAs, the VKey (TM) provides a practical way to do email, word processing
and spreadsheet tasks, allowing the user to leave the laptop computer at home.

VKey technology has many applications in various high-tech and industrial

Sectors. These include data entry and control panel applications in hazardous
and harsh environments and medical markets.

Projection key boards or virtual key boards claim to provide the convenience of
compactness with the advantages of a full-blown QWERTY keyboard. An
interesting use of such keyboards would be in sterile environments where
silence or low noise is essential like operation theaters. The advantage of such
a system is that you do not need a surface for typing, you can even type in plain
air. The company's Virtual Keyboard is designed for anyone who's become
frustrated with trying to put information into a handheld but doesn't want to
carry a notebook computer around. There is also the provision for a pause
function to avoid translating extraneous hand movements function, so that
users can stop to eat, drink etc....

13
E-Ball computer design:-

It contains wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, and LCD projector.It has
around 350-600GB of Hard Disk Drive.lt contains 5GB RAM. It has two 50W
speakers. It has LAN and WLAN card and a Web cam. When you want to carry it
around you can easily "pack it" into a ball. This is a futuristic concept, and this, I
think, is how the future computers will look like. This device has an optical
keyboard and an holographic display. So you don't have a physical keyboard
and no monitor! Still, the mouse is physical but it fits in to the computer when
you want to carry it around. The bad thing about using a virtual keyboard is
that you need a smooth surface, otherwise I don't know how will you be able
to use it. It is strange enough to call this device a computer, because it is so
small, but as far as I know it doesn't lack any hardware part and tends to be a
future machine found in any house or office. I don't know exactly how this
computer will be powered but I think it will have a powerful battery so you will
have a great stand by time.

14
COMPONENT OF E-BALL

This system comprises of three modules

1. The sensor module

2. IR-light source

3. The pattern projector

1) SENSOR MODULE

The Sensor Module serves as the eyes of the Keyboard Perception technology.
The Sensor Module operates by locating the user's fingers in 3-D space and
tracking the intended keystrokes, or mouse movements. Mouse tracking and
keystroke information is processed and can then be output to the host device
via a USB or other interface. Electronic Perception Technology:

Electronic perception technology enables ordinary electronic devices to "see"

the world around them so they can perceive and interact with it. Now everyday
electronic devices in a variety of markets can perceive users actions, gaining
functionality and ease of use.

The tiny electronic perception chips and embedded software work by

developing a 3D "distance map" to nearby objects in real-time. This
information is factored through an on- chip processor running imaging
software that translates the image into defined events before sending it off-
chip for application-specific processing. It's an action that is continually
repeated, generating over 30 frames of 3D information per second.

15
Electronic perception technology has a fundamental advantage over classical
image processing that struggles to construct three-dimensional representations
using complex mathematics and images from multiple cameras or points of
view. This single chip "contour mapping approach results in a high reduction of
complexity, making it possible to embed the application independent
processing software directly into the chips themselves - so they may be used in
the most modestly-priced, and even pocket-sized electronic devices.

2) IR-LIGHT SOURCE

The Infrared Light Source emits a beam of infrared light. This light beam I
designed to overlap the area on which the keyboard pattern projector or
printed image resides. This is done so as to illuminate the users fingers by the
infra-red light beam. This helps in recognizing the hand movements and the
pressing of keys. The light beam facilitates in scanning the image. Accordingly
the information is passed on to the sensor module which decodes the
information.

An invisible infra-red beam is projected above the virtual keyboard. Finger

makes keystroke on virtual keyboard. This breaks infrared beam and infrared
light is reflected back to projector. Reflected infrared beam passes through
infrared filter to camera. The camera photographs angle of incoming infrared
light. The Sensor chip in the sensor module determines where the infrared
16
beam was broken, detected co-ordinates determine actions or characters
to be generated.

3) THE PATTERN PROJECTOR

The Pattern Projector or optional printed image presents the image of the
keyboard or mouse zone of the system. This image can be projected on any flat
surface. The projected image is that of a standard qwerty-keyboard, with all the
keys and control functions as in the keyboard.

The Projector features a wide-angle lens so that a large pattern can be

projected from relatively low elevations. A printed image, with replaceable
templates allows system flexibility, permitting most any kind of keyboard
configuration for greater functionality. In some types of virtual keyboards, a
second infra-red beam is not necessary. Here the projector itself takes the
inputs, providing dual functionality. A sensor or camera in the projector picks
up the finger movements, and passes the information on to
the sensor modules.

17
ADVANTAGES

1. Portability

2. Accuracy

3. Speed of text entry

4. Lack of need for flat or large typing surface

5. Ability to minimize the risk for repetitive strain injuries

6. Flexibility

7. Keyboard layouts can be changed by software allowing for foreign or

Alternative keyboard layouts

18
DISADVANTAGES

1. Virtual keyboard is hard to get used to. Since it involves typing in thin air, it
requires a little practice. Only people who are good at typing can use a virtual
keyboard efficiently.

2. It is very costly ranging from 150 to 200 dollars.

3. The room in which the projected keyboard is used should not be very bright
so that the keyboard is properly visible.

19
PROJECTORS IN E-BALL

3.1 LCD PROJECTORS:-

LCD projectors are systems that display or project information or video onto a
surface, LCD stands for liquid crystal display, the technology used to project
images. They are the technological descendants of overhead and slide
projectors, older systems which serve the same purpose. They are most
commonly used for displaying images in presentations or lectures, but are also
used in home theaters.

Video signals are comprised of three colors: red, green, and blue. LCD
projectors contain a separate glass panel for each. Each panel consists of two
plates of glass with a layer of liquid crystal between them. When a charge is
applied, the crystals open to allow light through or close to block it. This
opening and closing of pixels is what forms the image.

These devices use dichroic mirrors to split the light from the input source into
red, green, and blue components. Each then passes through the corresponding
panel, where pixels form an image. The three colors are then recombined in a
prism before being projected through a lens. LCD projectors use separate
panels for each color because it results in better color saturating than using a
single panel for all three.

20
LCD projectors employ a three-panel LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) system,
referred to as 3LCD. LCD projectors crisply reproduce bright, naturally colored
images that are easy on the eyes. LCD projectors are also capable of detailed
shadow reproduction that is ideal for demanding business and home
theater applications

The white light from the projector lamp is split into red, green, and blue
components using two dichroic mirrors, special mirrors that only transmit light
of a specified. wavelength. Each red, green and blue beam then passes through
a dedicated LCD panel made up of thousands of miniscule pixels. An electrical
current turns the panel's pixels on or off to create the grayscale equivalent of
that color channel. The three colors are then recombined in a prism and
projected through the projector lens and onto the screen. By using a
combination of three LCDs to produce a final image, LCD projectors are capable
of billions of colors and smooth grayscale gradations. The resolution of the
image is determined by the number of pixels in the LCD panels used. Currently
LCD panels offer resolutions as high as true HD (1920 x 1080) for home theater
applications. New panels promise resolutions as high as 4K (3840 x 2160).

3.2 DLP PROJECTORS:-

DLP stands for Digital Light Processing.

21
A video projection technology, developed by Texas Instruments, that utilizes a
chip, referred to as a DMD (Digital Micro mirror Device). In essence, every pixel
on a DMD chip is a reflective mirror.

The video image is displayed on the DMD chip. The micro mirrors on the chip
(remember: each micro mirror represents one pixel) then tilt very rapidly as the
image changes.

This process produces the grayscale foundation for the image. Then, color is
added as light passes through a high-speed color wheel and is reflected off of
the micro mirrors on the DLP chip as they rapidly tilt towards or away from the
light source. The degree of tilt of each micro mirror coupled with the rapidly
spinning color wheel determines the color structure of the projected image. As
the amplified light bounces off the micro mirrors, it is sent through the lens
and can be projected on a large screen.

Another way that DLP is implemented is to utilize a separate DLP chip for each
primary color. Light from a single source is passed through a prism, which
creates separate red, green, and blue light sources, then reflected on each of
the chips designated for each primary color, and from there, projected onto a
screen. This application very expensive, in comparison to the color wheel
method, and is used only in higher-end consumer and
commercial DLP projectors.

22
 WORKING OF E-BALL

E Ball concept pe don't have any external display unit, It has a button when you
press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the
wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys.

If there is no wall then it has a paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces
like an umbrella just after popping up, and it will show desktop on the paper
sheet. Also, the E-Ball PC supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the
holder could act like a screen where you can watch movies or something.

E Ball concept pe don't have any external display unit,it has a button when you
press this button a projector will pop and it focus the computer screen on the
wall which can be adjusted with navigation keys. If there is no wall then it has a
paper sheet holder that divides into three pieces like an umbrella just after
popping up,and it will show desktop on the paper sheet. Also, the E-Ball PC
supports a paper holder and the paper sheet on the holder could act like a
screen where you can watch movies or something. This concept PC will
measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for Microsoft Windows OS,
sorry about the others. For the moment there is no word on pricing or when
it's going to be available, however, I am sure that everybody would like to see a
small spherical PC like this one.

E-Ball concept pc has a laser keyboard that is fully a concept keyboard that is
visible when the pc is in working. The keyboard is not physical - it is interpreted
by lasers that appear after you press the respective button. It recognizes your
fingers with the help of an IR sensor when you are typing at a particular place,
while the mouse is a pop out wonder making this an exiting piece of
technology. The software interface of E-Ball concept pe is highly stylized with
icons that can be remembered easily that support all type of windows
operating system. E-Ball concept pe work very easy while you are making video
presentations, listening music watching large screen movies, and chatting on
the net.

23
As years passes, the computer size is becoming smaller. This ball is known as E-
Ball and its design is given by Apostol Tnokovski. He was trying to create the
smallest PC in the world when he came across this idea.lt is shaped like a
sphere because in Tnokovski's opinion this is the best shape in nature and it
draws everybody's attention. you'll see the pop-out laser mouse, a pico
projector inside that illuminates either the wall or a sheet of paper for a screen,
and that laser keyboard that would almost certainly be a clumsy input device.
Fix that, and find a motherboard that'll fit inside this palm-sized baby, and
Apostol might be onto something here.E-Ball will feature a dual core processor,
250-500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM, integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W
speakers, HD-DVD recorder, wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN
and WLAN card, modem, Web cam and integrated LCD projector.

This concept PC will measure 160mm in diameter and it was designed for
Microsoft Windows OS, sorry about the others. For the moment there is no
word on pricing or when it's going to be available, however, I am sure that
everybody would like to see a small spherical PC like this one.

E-Ball concept pc has a laser keyboard that is fully a concept keyboard that is
visible when the pc is in working. The keyboard is not physical - it is interpreted
by lasers that appear after you press the respective button. It recognizes your
fingers with the help of an IR sensor when you are typing at a particular place,
while the mouse is a pop out wonder making this an unique piece of
technology.

The software interface of E-Ball concept pc is highly stylized with icons that can
be remembered easily that support all type of windows operating system. E-
Ball concept pc work very easy while you are making video presentations,
listening music watching large screen movies, and chatting on the net.

As year passes, the computer size is becoming smaller. This ball is known as E-
Ball and its design is given by Apostol Tnokovski. He was trying to create the
smallest PC in the world when he came across this idea.

24
It is shaped like a sphere because in Tnokovski's opinion this is the best shape
in nature and it draws everybody's attention. You'll see the pop-out laser
mouse, a pico projector inside that illuminates either the wall or a sheet of
paper for a screen, and that laser keyboard that would almost certainly be a
clumsy input device. Fix that, and find a motherboard that'll fit inside this
palm-sized baby, and Apostol might be onto something here.

E-Ball will feature a dual core processor, 250-500GB HDD, 2GB of RAM,
integrated graphic card and sound card, 2 x 50W speakers, HD-DVD recorder,
wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, LAN and WLAN card, modem, Web
cam and integrated LCD projector.

25
IF THERE IS NO WALL ......?

1) When we are working in an open place we can make use of a paper sheet as
a screen.

2) Paper sheet holder is placed at the back panel of this computer.

3) The holder can be opened by pressing it in the lower part

26
SCENARIO IN USE

27
ADVANTAGES

1) E-BALL is portable.

2) E-BALL has large memory.

3) E-BALL is useful for making video presentation.

4) E-BALL support user defined keyboard layouts.

5) E-BALL is efficient.

6) E-BALL is very easy to use

7) E-BALL is more secure than other computer.

DISADVANTAGES

1) Normal operating systems cannot work in these computers.

2) Cost of E-BALL is very high.

3) It is difficult to understand if any problems occur in hardware part

28
 RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

As result, we were able to develop that pe that fulfills following needs for an
ideal system:

Is easy to use.

Intuitive graphical user interface.

Reduces hardware.

Display information at projector.

This software E-Ball concept has been developed keeping in mind the
convenience of users. It is developed in such a way that any user without any
detailed knowledge of the system can handle with a little training. The user
interacts with system through messages displayed at various stages. Any illegal
action is prompted by an error message.

29
 IMPACT,CONCLUSION

1) As the year passes, the computer size is becoming smaller.

2) Today's technology is at its peak point beyond what we could ever imagine.

3) New inventions and innovations are emerging on daily basis.

4) Our imaginations have dressed into reality and today it has become possible
to have a whole computer in our pocket all the time.

5) At last this ball technology has taken the computer

technology to new horizons

30