a. What do you mean by Rural Administration?

Ans;- Rural administration refers to the initiatives undertaken by the government to govern the public affairs
of the rural population and administer to them the benefits the state provides. It has different layers and
divisions of different authorities for districts, taluks, villages and towns.
B What is Self help group?

Ans ;- Self-help groups are informal groups of people who come together to address their common
problems. While self-help might imply a focus on the individual, one important characteristic of self-help
groups is the idea of mutual support – people helping each other.

Q . Define Bureaucracy

Ans:- Bureaucracy is associated with government, where official decision making is limited by laws, rules, and
regulations. This can often result in inflexibility, "red tape", and slowness to act.
a. Difference between development and training

b. Define administration.

Administration is the process of managing and applying the processes of an organization, business, or office. It
involves the effective and efficient organization of people, information, and other resources to achieve
organizational objectives
c. What is Sustainable Livelihoods?

Sustainable livelihoods (SL) is a way of thinking about development objectives, scope, and priorities. It is a
participatory approach that aims to improve the lives of people experiencing poverty and disadvantage.

SL is a way to:

 Maintain or improve a standard of living

 Reduce vulnerability to external shocks and trends

 Ensure activities are compatible with maintaining the natural resource base

 Cope with and recover from stresses and shocks

  Maintain or enhance capabilities and assets both now and in the future

 Not undermine natural resource bases

d. Define Population composition

Population composition is the description of a population based on its characteristics. These characteristics include:
Age, Sex, Ethnicity, Distribution and density, Wealth, Education, Marital status, Fertility, Mortality

a. What do you mean by rural credit?

Rural credit can also refer to any kind of loan or financial assistance taken by people in rural areas for the purpose of
agriculture or setting up small businesses. It can also be used for farming families to match the primary investment on
fertilizers, seeds, tools, and other personal expenses

Define Community Based Organizations

CBOs can be public or private, and are open to all residents of the physical community. They may be associated with
a particular area of concern or segment of the community.

Some characteristics of CBOs include:

 The majority of the governing body and staff consists of local residents

 The main operating offices are in the community

 Priority issue areas are identified and defined by residents

 Solutions to address priority issues are developed with residents

 Technology is used to bring in the voice of the community members, through public participation and input

e. What is RRBs.

Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) are government owned scheduled commercial banks of India that operate at
regional level in different states of India.
Uttar Bihar Gramin Bank · Bihar Gramin Bank · Bangiya Gramin Vikash Bank

1 Differentiate between government and non-government organizations.

 Ans :-
 Funding

Government organizations are funded by taxes, which are mandatory and provide a more stable basis for
maintaining operations. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) depend upon voluntary contributions,
sometimes including government funds.
 Staff

Government organizations are run and staffed by government employees. NGOs are most often non-profit
and may or may not receive government grants or fees for their services.
 Activities
 Government organizations are typically responsible for providing public services and enforcing laws and
regulations. NGOs can be involved in a wide range of activities such as social services, advocacy, and
research.
 Control

Government organizations are controlled by senior government officials. NGOs are ultimately controlled by
their Board of Directors, unpaid volunteers who care about the mission.
 International agreements
NGOs are made up of private citizens and do not enter into treaties or other international agreements.

What is the Panchayati Raj System? Explain the emergence and growth of panchayati
raj institutions in India.
The Panchayati Raj System is a system of local self-government for villages in rural India. It consists of
elected local self-government bodies called Panchayats at the village, block, and district levels.
The Panchayati Raj System was formally recognized and institutionalized in 1992 through the 73rd
Amendment Act of the Constitution of India. The amendment added provisions for establishing Panchayats
as democratic institutions for local self-government.
The Panchayati Raj System is a three-tiered administrative framework in India that focuses on rural
development. The Panchayats are entrusted with the responsibility of governance, planning, and
implementation of various development schemes and programs.
Some people view the Panchayati Raj system as a positive development. They believe that the system has
helped to improve the delivery of basic services.

Write down the Structure of rural finance with appropriate example

 a. What do you mean by Human Resource Development? Explain the dimensions of HRD
for rural development.

Human Resource Development (HRD) is a systematic approach to improving employees' skills,

knowledge, and capabilities. It involves training programs that help employees adjust to their
new roles and learn more about the organization and its culture.
HRD can include:

 Professional education
 Career training
 Growth opportunities
 Knowledge of government regulations
 Tuition assistance
 Work-related college courses
 Personalized development plans
 Organizational training sessions
 Internal training with consultants or qualified staff members
HRD can also involve succession planning, which involves identifying and developing potential
successors for key roles within the organization. This involves assessing employees' readiness
for higher-level positions and providing them with targeted development opportunities.
Some dimensions of HRD include:
Performance appraisal, Potential appraisal, Career planning, Training, Performance coaching,
Counseling, Career advancement, Organization development, Employee welfare, Rewards.
The three dimensions of rural development are: Social, Economical, Political.

a. Explain the Gandhian approach to the development of rural industrialization in India.

Mahatma Gandhi believed that a strong rural economy was the basis for a non-violent economy
and a revitalized Indian economy. He believed that villages should be self-sufficient, producing
their own food, clothing, and other basic needs. He also believed in promoting village industries
and handicrafts, which could provide employment and meet villagers' basic needs.
Gandhi believed that industrialization would only help a few people and lead to the
concentration of economic power. He believed that industrialization leads to the exploitation of
villages and encourages competition.
Gandhi's approach to rural development included:

 Self-sufficient villages
 Decentralization of economic and political powers
 Development of Khadi and Village Industries
Gandhi's approach to industrial relations includes:

 Truth
 Non-violence
 Voluntary arbitration of disputes
 Want-lessness