Republic of the Philippines

NUEVA ECIJA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY
Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines ISO 9001:2015 CERTIFIED

COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

BUILDING UTILITIES 3
ACOUSTIC SYSTEM
[SOUND IN ENCLOSURES]
GROUP 2:
MEMBERS:
Bautista, Nescie Marie
Cabuang. Diane Iyra
Corpuz, Jerome
Cuizon, Kevin Dave
Cruz, Kyla
AR-3E

PROFESSOR/INSTRUCTOR:
Ar. Richelle Joy Javier
 ACOUSTIC SYSTEM [SOUND IN ENCLOSURES]
CHAPTER OUTLINE
ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS
Sound in Enclosures
 Sound Absorption
 Reverberation
 Reflection & Diffraction
 Ray Diagrams and Sound Paths
SOUND ABSORPTION
 The interception and conversion of sound energy into other form of energy by the
structure of a material.
 Unit of sound absorption: sabin (one square feet of a perfectly absorptive surface)
 Most common materials do not absorb all sound energy.
REFLECTION
Return of sound wave from a surface.
 Diffusion – the scattering or random redistribution of a sound wave from a surface.

R E F L E C T I O NO F S O U N D O ND I F F E R E N T SURFACES
Rotunda Effect

REVERBERATION
 The persistence of a sound within an enclosed space, caused by multiple reflection of
the sound after its source has stopped.
REVERVERANCE
 Designed for performance of romantic music
ARTICULATION
 Keeps each sound event separate
 Recommended for spaces for speech
DIFFRACTION
 the bending of waves around small obstacles and spreading out of waves beyond
small openings.
RAY DIAGRAMS & SOUND PATHS
 As architects, we should design methods to reinforce desirable reflections and
minimize and control undesirable ones.
ECHOES
 DISTINCT REPETITION of a sound produced by the reflection of sound waves
from an obstructing surface, loud enough and received late enough to be perceived
from the source.

FLUTTER ECHO
Series of distinct echoes
 A rapid succession of echoes caused by the reflection of sound waves back and forth
between two parallel surfaces, with sufficient time between each reflection to cause
the listener to be aware of separate, discrete signals.

FOCUSING
Convergence of sound waves reflected from a concave surface.
 It will deprive some listener.
 It will increase intensity of echoes of useful sound and flutter if reflecting surface is
far away.

DIFFUSION
 The opposite of focusing, occurs primarily when sound is reflected from covex
surfaces.
CREEP
 The reflection of sound along the curved surface from a source near the surface.
Although the sound can be heard at points along the surfaces, it is inaudible away
from the surface.

STANDING WAVE
 Sound that appears stand still
  Reflection of travelling waves

AUDIBILITY IS AFFECTED BY:

Shape of the room
 Preferably rectangular or trapezoidal in plan.
 Curved room are unfavorable.
 Provision of stepped seating is advantageous.

Size of the room

 Normal speech is audible for about 20-30 m
 Max cubic feet should not exceed 18,000 cu.ft3
 Room height should not exceed 8 m
 Height-width-length ratio: 2:3:5

Room furnishings
 Suspended ceilings and cladding preferred over solid roofs and walls.
 Rear walls should be absorptive.

Position source of the sound

 In front of hard and reflective surface.
 Rooms with high ceilings should have reflective sounding boards.

Reverberation period
 Caused by reflection of direct sound from wall and ceiling surfaces.

DEFINITION OF ACOUSTIC TERMS & UNITS

Sympathetic vibration
 A vibration induced in one body by the vibrations of exactly the same period in a
neighboring body.

Resonance
 The intensification and prolongation of sound produced by sympathetic vibration.

Undulating
 A smoothly rising and falling form or outline.

SONAR
 Sound Navigation and Ranging. Uses reflection of sound waves in water to locate the
position or motion of an object.

Metric Sabin
 Unit of sound absorption, equal to 1 square meter of perfectively absorptive unit.