CHAPTER X: CONDITIONALS

Objectives

At the end of this chapter, the students should be able to:

a) distinguish Zero to Third types of conditional; and

b) use correct types of conditionals in expressing an argument.

Pre-test

Directions: Read the following sentences and choose the best answer
from the given choices. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. If you _______ hard, you will pass the test.

a. study
b. studied
c. will study
d. have studied

2. If I _______ a millionaire, I would travel the world.

a. am
b. was
c. were
d. will be

3. If it is _______ tomorrow, we will have a picnic.

a. rains
b. rained
c. will rain
d. would rain

4. If she _______ the bus, she would have been late.

a. catches
b. caught
c. will catch
d. would catch

5. If I _______ more time, I would finish the project.

 a. have
b. had
c. will have
d. would have

6. If you _______ the instructions, you will succeed.

a. follow
b. followed
c. will follow
d. would follow

7. If they _______ the party, they would have had fun.

a. attend
b. attended
c. will attend
d. would attend

8. If he _______ the train, he will be late.

a. misses
b. missed
c. will miss
d. would miss

9. If we _______ early, we can catch the movie.

a. leave
b. left
c. will leave
d. would leave

10. If you _______ me, what would you do?

a. were
b. are
c. will be
d. would be

Pre-Test Feedback

1. A
2. C
3. A
 4. B
5. B
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. B
10. A

Learning Activities

Discussion Proper

What are the Conditionals?

 Conditionals are a fundamental concept in English grammar that allow

us to express hypothetical or uncertain situations. They are used to talk
about events or actions that may or may not happen, depending on
certain conditions.
 In English, there are four main types of conditionals: zero conditional,
first conditional, second conditional, and third conditional. Each type has
its own structure and usage.

What is Zero Conditional?

 The zero conditional is used to talk about general truths or facts. It

expresses a cause-and-effect relationship where the result always
happens when the condition is met.

Structure:
- If + present simple, present simple

Example:
- If you heat ice, it melts.

(In this example, the condition is "you heat ice" and the result is "it
melts." The statement expresses a general truth that whenever ice is
heated, it always melts.)

What is First Conditional?

 The first conditional is used to talk about real or possible future
situations. It expresses a cause-and-effect relationship where the result
is likely to happen if the condition is met.

Structure:
- If + present simple, will + base form

Example:
- If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.

(In this example, the condition is "it rains tomorrow" and the result is "I
will stay at home." The statement expresses a possible future outcome if
the condition of rain is met.)

What is Second Conditional?

 The second conditional is used to talk about hypothetical or unlikely

situations in the present or future. It expresses a cause-and-effect
relationship where the result is unlikely to happen or purely imaginary.

Structure:
- If + past simple, would + base form

Example:
- If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.

(In this example, the condition is "I won the lottery" and the result is "I
would travel the world." The statement expresses an imaginary or
unlikely outcome if the condition of winning the lottery is met.)

What is Third Conditional

 The third conditional is used to talk about hypothetical situations in the

past. It expresses a cause-and-effect relationship where the result is
impossible because the condition did not happen.

Structure:
- If + past perfect, would have + past participle

Example:
 - If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.

(In this example, the condition is "I had studied harder" and the result is
"I would have passed the exam." The statement expresses a
hypothetical outcome in the past that did not happen because the
condition of studying harder was not met.)

 It is important to note that these conditionals can be mixed and matched

depending on the context and the intended meaning. They are powerful
tools for expressing different types of conditions and their corresponding
results.

Enrichment Activity

Post-test

Directions: Read the following sentences and choose the best answer
from the given choices. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. If I _______ enough money, I will buy a new car.

a. have
b. had
c. will have
d. would have

2. If she _______ the bus, she would have arrived on time.

a. catches
b. caught
c. will catch
d. would catch

3. If it _______ tomorrow, we can go to the beach.

a. rains
b. rained
c. will rain
d. would rain

4. If they _______ the party, they will have a great time.

a. attend
b. attended
 c. will attend
d. would attend

5. If you _______ the instructions, you would understand better.

a. follow
b. followed
c. will follow
d. would follow

6. If we _______ early, we can catch the first train.

a. leave
b. left
c. will leave
d. would leave

7. If he _______ the train, he would be late.

a. misses
b. missed
c. will miss
d. would miss

8. If you _______ more time, what would you do?

a. were
b. are
c. will be
d. would be

9. If we _______ the exam, we will celebrate.

a. pass
b. passed
c. will pass
d. would pass

10. If they _______ the game, they would have won the championship.
a. win
b. won
c. will win
d. would win

Post-test Feedback
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. D
9. C
10. B