INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

ENZYMES- CLASSIFICATION,
ORIGIN AND PRODUCTION

LE HONG PHU, ASSOC. PROF. PHD

FUNDAMENTAL BIOCHEMISTRY
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 Learning objectives
1.To know role of each class, each
enzyme, so learner can predict the
results of reaction.
2. To choose correctly enzyme for food
processing or process related to
biotechnology.
3. To know the source of enzyme
4. How to produce and extract enzyme.

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 Contents

1. CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYME?
2. TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF EACH
3. WHERE IS THE SOURCE OF ENZYME
4. HOW CAN ENZYME BE PRODUCED?

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 Activities
 Students work online to find out the
source? (plant/animal/microbe and
where else) (5 mins)

 Find out how protein can be produced in

the cell? (3 mins)

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 Classification of enzyme

How to name an enzyme?

- Normal name: depending on the authors as: pepsin,

trypsin,chymotrypsin

- System name: based on international rules (next

slides)

+ Name based on specific substrate

+ Name based on kind of reaction that enzyme
catalyze
 Classification of enzyme

International name
- Including 6 categories or classes, each class with many
sub-classes, each sub-class with many groups, each
group with many members.

- Look at the example below with 4 numbers:

+ First number for class
+ Second number for sub-class
3.2.1.21 -glucosidase
+ Third number for group
+ Last number for member
 Classification of enzyme

Phân loại quốc tế

No. Classes Reaction

1 Oxidoreductases Oxidoreduction
2 Transferases Transfer
3 Hydrolases Hydrolysis
4 Lyases Breaking without water
5 Isomerases Isomeration
6 Ligases Synthesis: C-C, C-S, C-O, C-N
Classification of enzyme

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 3. CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES

 There are the six major enzymatic

categories:
1.Oxidoreductases: Oxidoreductase
catalyze oxidation-reduction
reactions. Subclasses of this group
include the dehydogenases,
oxidases, oxygenases, reductases,
peroxidase, and hydroxylases

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 Classification of enzyme

1. Oxidoreductase

- These enzymes have two components; containing coenzyme

as:

+ NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

+ NADP+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate)

+ FAD (Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide)

+ FMN (Flavin Mononucleotide)

Classification of enzyme
 Classification of enzyme

1. Oxidoreductase

Including 4 sub-classes as:

+ Dehydrogenase

+ Reductase

+ Oxygenase

+ Peroxydase
 Classification of enzyme

1. Oxidoreductase

 Dehydrogenase:
- Catalyze the reaction that H+ from substrate is transferred
to oxidized coenzymes as NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN
 Can be found in glycolysis, CAC

- Catalyze the reverse reaction that H+ from reduced

coenzymes NADH, NADPH, FADH2, FMNH2 is transferred
to substrate
 Can be found in synthesis reactions
 Classification of enzyme
1. Oxidoreductase

 Dehydrogenase:
 Alcoholdehydrogenase
CH3CH2OH + NAD+  CH3CHO + NADH + H+
 roles in alcoholic or beer
Glutamatedehydrogenase
L-glutamic + H2O + NAD+  -ketoglutaric + NH3 +
NADH + H+
 N from soil is transferred to plant, or help the process in
which microbes can absorbed NH3
 Classification of enzyme
1. Oxidoreductase

 Reductase:
Catalize the reaction in which electron can transferred to
oxygen, so oxygen can readily combine with proton
4 Ferocytochrom c + O2 + 4H+ = 4 Fericytochrom c + 2H2O

 Oxygenase
Catalize the oxidation reactions in which oxygen can be a
part of functional groups as OH, COOH
 Classification of enzyme
1. Oxidoreductase
 Peroxydase:
- Including peroxydase và catalase
- Having coenzyme is hem
- Catalize the oxidation reactions of organic molecules
with the presence of H2O2
Peroxydase:

Reduced substrate+ H2O2 = Oxidized substrate + H2O

Catalase:

H2O2 + H2O2 = O2 + 2H2O

 Classification of enzyme
2. Transferases
Transferases catalyze reactions that
involve the transfer of groups from
one molecule to another such as
amino, carboxyl, carbonyl, methyl,
phosphoryl, and acyl (RC=O) and the
enzyme names often go with trans
such as transcarboxylase,
transmethylase, and transaminases
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 Classification of enzyme
2. Transferase
- Catalize the reactions in which functional groups can be
transferred
- Complicated enzymes
- Nature of coenzymes is different and depending on the
functional
- Examles:
+ Acyltransferase
+ Glucosyltransferase
+ Aminotransferase
+ Phosphorylase
 Classification of enzyme
3. Hydrolases: Hydrolases catalyze
reaction in which the cleavage of
bonds is accomplished by adding
water
Hydrolases include the esterases,
phosphatase, and peptidase

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 Classification of enzyme
3. Hydrolase
- Catalize the reactions of hydrolysis
- Without coenzyme
- Roles in digestion
- Examles:
+ Amylase: -amylase, -amylase, glucoamylase
+ Peptide hydrolase
+ Lipase
 Classification of enzyme
4. Lyases: Lyases catalyze reaction
in which groups H2O, CO2, and NH3
are removed to form double bond or
are added to a double bond.
Examples: Decarboxylases,
hydratases, deaminases, and
syntases

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 Classification of enzyme
5. Isomerases: This is a
heterogeneous group of enzyme.
Izomerases catalyze several types of
intramoleucular rearrangements. The
epimerases catalyze the inversion of
a symmetric carbon atoms. Mutases
catalyze the intramolecular transfer
of functional groups

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 Classification of enzyme
6. Ligases: Ligases catalyze bond
information between two substrate
molecules. The energy for the these
reaction is always supplied by ATP
hydrolysis. The name of many
ligases include the term synthetase
several other ligases are called
carboxylase

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 Source of enzyme

1. Animal

Pancreatine Pepsin
 Source of enzyme
2. plants

Papain Bromelain
 Source of enzyme
2. Plants

Amylase

-glucosidase
 Source of enzyme
3. Microbes

bacteria Yeast
 Source of enzyme
3. Microbes

Molds
 Source of enzyme

Hydrolysis
(42oC/40h)
HCl 5%
Filtration
Precipitated
by NaCl
22%
Drying
Production of enzyme

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Production of enzyme

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Production of enzyme

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Production of enzyme

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Production of enzyme

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Production of enzyme

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Production of enzyme

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Trân trọng cảm ơn TS. Trương Quốc
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Production of enzyme

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Phong
Production of enzyme

Trân trọng cảm ơn TS. Trương Quốc

Phong
Production of enzyme

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ANY QUESTIONS

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Thank you for your kindly listening

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