Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Panimdim Revise-Version
Panimdim Revise-Version
A Research Paper
Presented to the Senior High School Department
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for Practical Research II
By:
Gen Niña G. Panimdim
Jean Rose Socorin
Keith Jane Anne Gegrimosa
Axel Rose Cabesas
Katrina Naces
Cenon Orocay Jr.
Anjo Cadampog
January, 2024
2
sJean Rose Socorin, Keith Jane Anne Gegrimosa, Axel Rose Cabesas, Katrina Naces,
Abstract: This study aimed to determine the English Language Proficiency of Grade 12
proficiency test assessing grammar and reading comprehension. Results showed students
grammar proficiency (average 25.625), while all strands showed moderate reading
comprehension. Females (24) slightly outperformed males (7) in both grammar and
proficiency by gender and strand. These findings align with previous research showing
differences in proficiency by gender and field. The study concludes that complex factors
English acquisition.
Differences
3
Introduction
world. English, a West Germanic language that originated in Anglo-Saxon England, has
evolved over centuries to become the most widely spoken language globally. With its
rich history, diverse dialects, and ever-expanding influence, English has permeated
approximately 1.35 billion people worldwide, making it the third most spoken native
language after Mandarin, Chinese and Hindi. However, its significance extends far
beyond its native speakers, as it serves as a lingua franca, a common language used for
significant factor than English as an Additional Language (EAL) status. This is supported
requirements for educators. Also, Gamboa (2021) provides a practical application of this,
assessing the English language proficiency of elementary pupils and finding that it is
advocating for a dynamic approach to language proficiency that accounts for the diverse
language proficiency is complex and multifaceted. While some studies have found a
weak correlation between the two (Ashar, 2017), others have highlighted the significant
grammar has been shown to enhance reading comprehension in specific contexts, such as
English for Specific Purposes (Weisi, 2012). However, the development of reading
language background, remains a challenge (Steinlen, 2017). This underscores the need
English (Langga, 2020), high levels of reading anxiety and poor comprehension
performance (Guimba, 2015), and poor reading skills, including comprehension and
(Gunobgunob-Mirasol, 2019).
language proficiency and various factors. Izatullah (2022) found a positive correlation
a need for language training at the undergraduate level. Ming-mei (2019) similarly found
among English student teachers. However, Gamboa (2021) found that the English
language proficiency of elementary pupils was not significantly associated with their
profile variables, indicating that other factors may be at play. Larasati (2020) highlighted
correlating with higher proficiency. These studies collectively underscore the importance
of language proficiency in academic and professional contexts, and the need to consider a
Several studies had also found that female students tend to outperform
their male counterparts in reading comprehension. Haji (2021) and Ngongare (2021) both
found that female students had higher proficiency in reading comprehension skills, with
Haji noting that this was particularly true for direct, deductive, and creative
comprehension. Fauzan (2016) and Thoor (2010) also found that girls tended to have
better reading comprehension, with Fauzan attributing this to differences in family and
societal influences, and Thoor highlighting the influence of text content and form. These
findings suggest that female students may indeed have higher proficiency in grammar and
reading comprehension.
Also a range of studies have also explored the relationship between gender
and reading comprehension, with mixed results. Salehi (2014) found that females
(2007) and Ahmadi (2012) both found that males performed better in certain aspects of
proficiency, rather than academic majors, led to improved English proficiency. This
suggests that differences in English proficiency among students in different strands may
be due to varying levels of English proficiency rather than the specific strand. However,
different fields, which could impact English proficiency. Javadi (2020) also found
differences in teaching styles and oral language proficiency among students, which could
relationship between oral fluency and the use of multiword sequences, which could be
influenced by the specific requirements of different strands. These studies suggest that
while English proficiency may differ among students in different strands, the reasons for
students of the Subangdaku Technical Vocational School, School Year 2023-2024 are
still proficient in using grammar and if their reading comprehension is still good. The
researchers also want to find the differences between the genders. In this study, the
1.1 Gender
2.1 Grammar
Methodology
This chapter describes the research methodology used in this study specifically, it
focuses on the techniques and procedures of gathering the data, the respondents and
sampling design, the instruments to be used and the statistical tools and techniques
Research Design
Polkki, Utrianien & Kyngars, 2014). Thus, the present study described and quantified the
English proficiency level of the senior high school students along with grammar and
reading comprehension.
Environment
The study was held at the Subangdaku Technical Vocational School (STVS)
which is located at M. Logarta St., Subangdaku, Mandaue City. This is a public school
which widens the students’ opportunities to become competitive in the global arena. The
school was officially recognized as 208th technical vocation schools in the whole
Philippines and made it a pledged technical vocational school in Mandaue City Division.
Respondents
The respondents of the study were the Academic Strand Grade 12 Students of
sample of 31 students are identified to take the English Proficiency Test. These students
GAS 29 15
HUMMS 16 8
ABM 16 8
9
TOTAL 61 31
Instrument
This study used an English Proficiency Test as the main tool in gathering the
data. Part 1 included the profile of the participants, while Part II was the English
Proficiency Test covering a 40- item Grammar Test on the eight parts of speech (nouns,
42-item Reading Comprehension Test on the three literary genres: poem, essay, and short
story. Each text has four sets of questions of different levels: literal, interpretation,
evaluation, and integration. Before the test was administered to the participants, it was
piloted to another group of students who belonged to the same level. The instrument used
in this study was given permission by the author itself. (Manuel, 2022)
The researchers secured permit from the school administration to conduct the test
and gather the necessary data. The questionnaires were individually distributed to the
students. In order to prevent any subjectivity, the respondents were requested to answer
the English Proficiency Test to test their grammar and reading comprehension. The
The statistical treatment will be employed in the analysis of the gathered data.
10
2. Mean Average. The mean average was used to determine the English
Scoring Procedure
respondents in grammar.
25.21-33.60 High
16.81-25.20 Moderate
8.41-16.80 Low
This chapter presents the data which answers the questions in this research. The
results are presented, analyzed, and discussed in this portion in the following sequence:
the respondents academic strand and gender, the proficiency in grammar and reading
Table 1
The Profile Respondents of Grade 12 Students
Strand Male Percentage Female Percentage
The data indicates that out of the 31 respondents, 23% were male and 77% were
female. Among the Grade 12 academic strands, the largest proportion of respondents
were from GAS (48%), followed by HUMMS (27%) and ABM (25%). Overall, the GAS
strand had the highest percentage of students responding to the questionnaire compared to
of 31 Grade 12 students. It was observed that many students did not seem to take the test
seriously, and only a few obtained passing scores on the grammar and reading
comprehension sections. The researchers also noted that some students voiced difficulties
13
with the test, stating they found it challenging and were unsure how to respond to some
items. Table 2 presents the total test score averages for each academic strand.
Table 2.1
English
English
English
English
The data shows that students in the GAS and ABM strands demonstrated
comparable proficiency, with average grammar test scores of 20.27 and 22.75
respectively. These results fall in the moderate proficiency range. In contrast, the
14
HUMMS strand stood out with a higher average of 25.625, indicating proficient and high
grammar skills. The total average grammar test score was 22.29 across all three strands,
Table 2.2
Comprehension
GAS 19 Moderate
The data in Table 2.2 demonstrates that students across all academic strands
obtained moderate average scores on the reading comprehension portion of the test,
ranging from 18.625 to 21.25. This indicates that respondents overall did not exhibit
proficient reading and analysis skills on the provided excerpts (essay, poem, short story).
Upon evaluating student responses, the researchers observed that many participants
provided nonsensical answers and appeared not to take the reading comprehension
15
section seriously. The total average reading comprehension score was 19.48, falling in
The data above also indicates that female students (average 22.5 grammar, 20.25
reading) performed slightly higher than male students (average 21.42 grammar, 16.8
reading) on both the grammar and reading sections. This aligns with previous studies by
Haji (2021) and Ngongare (2021) showing higher female proficiency, especially in
reading comprehens However, other studies such as Yazdanpanah (2007) and Ahmadi
Overall, the higher female averages in this study are consistent with much of the
literature on.
By academic strand, the HUMMS students showed the highest grammar average
(25.625), while ABM and GAS were lower and comparable. This indicates potential
supported by studies like Javadi (2020) and Tavakoli (2019). However, all three strands
had moderate and similar reading comprehension averages, indicating additional factors
Table 3
ANOVA
Source of
Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
16
Total 1584.21 61
The table above shows the difference in English Proficiency of the Senior High
School Students as to gender and academic strand. A one-way ANOVA was conducted to
(Table 3). The results showed a significant difference (p=0.02), allowing us to reject the
The revealed results have agree with majority of the previous studies which
claimed that there is differences of English Proficiency as to what gender and academic
strands.
Conclusion
The results concluded that the English Language Proficiency of the Grade 12
Recommendation
17
Teachers can implement focused language instruction, both in formal classrooms and
online education, emphasizing practice and independent learning. This can contribute to
targeted educational programs can help students gain greater language skills. Overall, a
training can enable individuals to attain higher levels of English language proficiency.
With concerted effort, senior high school students have the potential to become highly
References:
A. Ahmadi, Shaban Mansoordehghan (2012). Comprehending a Non-text: A Study of
Gender-based Differences in EFL Reading Comprehension. Semantic Scholar
A. Hessel, S. Strand (2020). Proficiency in English is a better predictor of educational
achievement than English as an Additional Language (EAL). Educause Review
Ahmar Mahboob, Lydia Dutcher (2014). Dynamic Approach to Language Proficiency—
A Model. Semantic Scholar
A. Larasati, M. Simatupang (2020). Relationship Between English Language Attitude
and Proficiency. Semantic Scholar
Alfian Ashar (2017). THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENS’ GRAMMAR
MASTERY AND STUDENT’S READING COMPREHENSION AT NINTH GRADE
STUDENTS’ OF SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 1 GRESIK. Semantic Scholar
Anja K. Steinlen (2017). The Development of English Grammar and Reading
Comprehension by Majority and Minority Language Children in a Bilingual Primary
School. Semantic Scholar
Hassan Soodmand Afshar, Ismail Moazam, Hassan Arbabi (2014). Engineering and
Humanities Students' Strategies for Vocabulary Acquisition: An Iranian Experience.
Semantic Scholar
James Carmichael (2019). English Language Proficiency. Semantic Scholar
Jomel B. Manuel (2022). ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY OF SENIOR
HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. Multidisciplinary Journal for Education Social and
Technological Sciences
K. Yazdanpanah (2007). THE EFFECT OF BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE AND
READING COMPREHENSION TEST ITEMS ON MALE AND FEMALE
PERFORMANCE. Semantic Scholar
Maiden Angel Gamboa, Eliza Stephanie Monteclaro, Jan France Joy Tabban (2021).
English Language Proficiency Of Elementary Pupils. Journal of Language and
Linguistics in Society
Mohammad Javadi (2020). Differences in Teaching Styles and Oral Language
Proficiency of Non-native English Speaker Teachers: As Perceived by the Iranian EFL
Students. Semantic Scholar
19
Mohammad Salehi, Zahra Lari, Atefeh Rezanejad (2014). The Effects of Gender and
Genre on Language Learners’ Reading Comprehension Ability. Semantic Scholar
P. Tavakoli, Takumi Uchihara (2019). To What Extent Are Multiword Sequences
Associated With Oral Fluency? Semantic Scholar
Syed Izatullah, Rabeeya Nasir, Fariha Gul (2022). A Study to Examine the Relationship
between English Language Proficiency and Academic Achievement of Students in
Higher Education Institutions. Global Educational Studies Review
Tabitha W. Payne, Richard Lynn (2011). Sex differences in second language
comprehension. Semantic Scholar
Wang Ming-mei (2019). The Effect of Language Proficiency on the Teaching Knowledge
Acquisition of English Student Teachers—Comparison of Three Repetitive Lessons.
Journal of Literature and Art Studies
20
APPENDIX A
21
APPENDIX B
Reading Comprehension
Read the given texts below, then encircle the answer of the following questions.
Reading 1
IN HEAVEN
Stephen Crane
In heaven
Some little blades of grass
Stood before God.
‘What did you do?”
Then all save one of the little
blades
Began eagerly to relate
The merits of their lives.
This one stayed a small way behind,
Ashamed.
a. merits of their lives b. their sad experiences c. their adventures d. their plans
5. Why could the little blade not remember any good deeds?
a. He is apprehensive.
b. He has an Alzheimer disease.
c. He had made many good things.
d. He did not do anything good.
8. Which of the following shows that God was pleased with the little blade?
a. lyric poetry
b. narrative poetry
c. dramatic poetry
d. None of the above
a. metaphor
b. simile
c. personification
d. Apostrophe
a. Whoever and whatever you are in this world, you can be best in the eyes of God.
b. We will be the best people if we could do good things in our life.
c. Acknowledging your weaknesses is rewarding.
d. All that you have is ultimately a gift from God.
Reading II. Read this excerpt from an essay. Then encircle the answers of the following
questions.
Read not to conflict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, not to find talk and discourse but to
weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested, that is,
some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts
made of them by others, but that would be only in the less important arguments and the meaner sort of books; else
distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and
writing an exact man.
reading c. conference
listening d. writing
The words tasted, swallowed, chewed, and digested show that the authors is talking about
books in terms of:
drinks c. water
stories d. food
5.The phrase “some few to be chewed and digested” means that one should:
reading c. writing
talking d. listening
With regard to books that are read and condensed by someone else, the writer :
The clause “ distilled books are like common distilled waters,” is an example of a :
Simile c. personification
25
metaphor d. metonymy
exaggeration
dialogue
sentence fragments
parallel construction
All except one are the important things that reading does for us.
Reading III: Read the short story below and encircle the answer in the following questions.
“The Interview”
(Short Story)
He takes a shower.
He shaves.
Here is why. Jethro graduated at the top of his class in college. Still, Jethro knows the economy is bad. His dad just lost
his job at the bank a few weeks ago! Many people are interviewing for the very same job. There is lot of competition.
Jethro is still positive. He thinks he has a good chance of getting the job at the technology company.
26
Jethro arrives at his interview at 9:45. He is 15 minutes early. He realizes the importance of being prompt. He does not
want to be late.
“Have a seat. Mr. Stone will be right with you,” the receptionist says.
Speak clearly.
Jethro takes a deep breath and walks into Mr. Stone’s office.
“Good to meet you sir,” Jethro says and gives Mr. Stone a firm handshake and a smile.
a college job
a banking job
a technology job
a receptionist job
I only
I and II
III only
I, II, and III
9:30 c. 10:00
9:45 d. 10:15
to be early
to be sure
to be worried
to be nervous
What is competition?
be positive
tell good jokes
talk about his college experience
look people in the eye
Using poor manners can give the hiring manager the impression that:
a. You are unlikely to be able to perform well in certain work situations.
b. You do not care about value or respect the people with whom you are interacting.
c. You are prone to rudeness or ignorance.
d. All of the above.
28
APPENDIX C
genpanimdim44@gmail.com
jeanrose@gmail.com
KATRINA V. NACES
katnaces333@gmail.com
orocay.cenon01@gmail.com
keithjaneannegegrimosa@gmail.com
aksilrosecabesas@gmail.com
ANJO CADAMPOG