‭speed, velocity, acceleration‬

‭ ‬ s‭ peed‬‭is the distance travelled per unit time,‬

●
‭●‬ ‭average speed‬‭is the total distance travelled divided‬‭by the total time taken,‬
‭●‬ ‭velocity‬‭is the change of displacement per unit time.‬

‭Speed is the distance travelled per unit time (how fast or how slow smt moves)‬
‭-‬ ‭SI unit of speed is metre per second (m/s)‬
‭-‬ ‭commonly used unit of speed is kilometre per hour (km/h)‬

‭** Average speed = total distance / total time taken‬

‭Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity‬

‭-‬ ‭Formula: a = (v - u) / t‬
‭where,‬
‭●‬ ‭a = acceleration‬
‭●‬ ‭u = initial velocity‬
‭●‬ ‭v = final velocity‬
‭●‬ ‭t = time taken‬
‭-‬ ‭SI unit of acceleration is metre per second per second (m/s2)‬
‭* If we say that the acceleration of a car is 5 m/s2, it means that the car's velocity‬
‭increases by 5 m/s every second‬
‭* If the car was initially at rest, its velocity after 1 s would be 5 m/s. Its velocity‬
‭after 2 s would be 10 m/s. Its velocity after 3 s would 15 m/s and so on‬
‭-‬ ‭non-uniform acceleration → change in velocity every second is NOT constant‬

‭-‬ z‭ ero acceleration →‬‭be at rest OR travelling at constant velocity‬

‭* When the direction of acceleration is opposite to its velocity, the object will slow‬
‭down‬
‭* When the direction of acceleration is the same to its velocity, the object will‬
‭speed up‬
‭Speed - Time Graphs‬
‭-‬ ‭velocity occurs at an increasing rate → experiencing increasing acceleration‬

‭-‬ ‭velocity occurs at a decreasing rate → experiencing decreasing acceleration‬

‭-‬ W ‭ hen a body is travelling in one direction, the gradient of its speed-time graph is‬
‭equal to its acceleration.‬
‭-‬ ‭When the body is travelling in one direction with constant speed (zero‬
‭acceleration), the gradient of its speed-time graph is zero.‬
‭-‬ ‭When the body is travelling in one direction with uniform acceleration, the‬
‭gradient of its speed-time graph is uniform.‬
 ‭-‬ W ‭ hen the object is travelling with increasing acceleration in one direction, the‬
‭gradient of its speed-time graph increases.‬
‭-‬ ‭When the object is travelling with decreasing acceleration in one direction, the‬
‭gradient of its speed-time graph decreases.‬

‭-‬ D
‭ ecreasing acceleration‬‭is not the same as‬‭deceleration‬
‭→ When an object experiences‬‭decreasing acceleration‬‭, its speed continues to‬
‭increase but at a slower rate‬
‭→ When an object‬‭decelerates‬‭, its speed decreases‬

*‭ ** Note: calculate speed - time graphs by separating them into parts, and calculate the‬
‭area of the shapes !!‬