Use of force war(Short of war)

What does international law say about the use of force?

A Use of Force

[2] Article 2(4) of the UN Charter provides that '[a]ll Members shall refrain in their
international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or
political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the
purposes of the United Nations'.

Collective measures under UN charter

collective security, system by which states have attempted to prevent or stop
wars. Under a collective security arrangement, an aggressor against any one state is
considered an aggressor against all other states, which act together to repel the
aggressor.

Definition of war

Oppenheim's International Law: War is a contention between two or more States

through their armed. forces for the purpose of overpowering each other and
imposing such con- ditions of peace as the victor pleases.

Legality of war

law of war, that part of international law dealing with the inception, conduct, and
termination of warfare. Its aim is to limit the suffering caused to combatants and,
more particularly, to those who may be described as the victims of war—that is,
noncombatant civilians and those no longer able to take part in hostilities. Thus, the
wounded, the sick, the shipwrecked, and prisoners of war also require protection by
law.

The laws of war have found it difficult to keep up with rapid changes wrought by the
development of ever-newer weapons and more technologically advanced warfare,
with their attendant damage to the natural environment. It therefore becomes
important constantly to supplement (but not to abolish) earlier treaties. This article
shows how such a process of supplementation has been carried out.
Rules of welfare

It requires measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of the law,

equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the
law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance
of arbitrariness, and procedural and legal transparency.

Sanction of law of war

The rules of war, or international humanitarian law (as it is known formally) are a set
of international rules that set out what can and cannot be done during an armed
conflict. The main purpose of international humanitarian law (IHL) is to maintain
some humanity in armed conflicts, saving lives and reducing suffering.

Commencement and termination of war

Effects of outbreak of war

https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1432&context=ils

Conduct of welfare

It requires measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of the law,

equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the application of the
law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance
of arbitrariness, and procedural and legal transparency.

Definition of neutrality

Neutrality' means the particular status, defined by international law, of a State

not party to an armed conflict (Armed Conflict, International). This status entails
specific rights and duties in the relationship between the neutral and the belligerent
States (Belligerency).

Reference:
https://www.un.org/en/about-us/un-charter/chapter-1
https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=1432&context=ils