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Lung Cancer - (Kashuuf)
Lung Cancer - (Kashuuf)
PD-L2, can prevent an innate cytotoxic T-cell response against tumor by inhibiting kinases that
are involved in T-cell activation. Immunotherapy with anti-PD-L1 or anti-PD-1 antibodies
unleashes the innate immune system to react to the tumor growth (Yu, H. 2016). FDA approval
of immune checkpoint inhibitors has changed patient’s treatment paradigms. Majority of NSCLC
patients fail to respond to checkpoint inhibitors and block inhibitory T-cell signaling. PD-1 is a
transmembrane immunoregulatory molecule for the negative regulation of T cell activation and
peripheral tolerance. PD-L1 on tumor cells, which occurs during oncogenic processes in a state
of chronic antigen presentation.
With KN-024, patients with PD-L1 levels ≥50%, representing approximately 25% of NSCLC
patients. PD-L1 testing, using the Dako 22C3 assay, is most useful. For treatment-naïve, non-
squamous patients with lower PD-L1 levels, the results of KN-021 provide alternative approach
to first-line chemotherapy alone. Negative PD-L1 score may help decision-making with other
immunotherapy combinations. Furthermore, phase III ANVIL and PEARLS trials seek to
evaluate nivolumab and pembrolizumab, respectively, as adjuvant therapy for patients with
resected stage IB to IIIA NSCLC (Mathew, 2017).
Efforts are ongoing to clarify the role of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy outside of NSCLC.
Refrences
Yu, H., Boyle, T. A., Zhou, C., Rimm, D. L., & Hirsch, F. R. (2016). PD-L1 expression in lung cancer. Journal of
Thoracic Oncology, 11(7), 964-975.
Mathew, M., Safyan, R. A., & Shu, C. A. (2017). PD-L1 as a biomarker in NSCLC: challenges and future
directions. Annals of translational medicine, 5(18).
Mancuso, R., Hernis, A., Agostini, S., Rovaris, M., Caputo, D., Fuchs, D., & Clerici, M. (2015). Indoleamine
2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO) expression and activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. PLoS One, 10(6),
e0130715.