INTERNATIONAL ISO

STANDARD 1
Third edition
2016-09-01

Geometrical product specifications

(GPS) — Standard re ference
temperature for the specification
o f geometrical and dimensional
properties
Spécification géométrique des produits (GPS) — Température
normale de référence pour la spécification des propriétés
géométriques et dimensionnelles

Reference number
ISO 1:2016(E)

© ISO 2016
ISO 1 : 2 01 6(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2016, Published in Switzerland

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part o f this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country o f
the requester.
ISO copyright o ffice
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org

ii © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

 ISO 1:2016(E)

Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ iv
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. v
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Standard reference temperature value for the specification o f geometrical and
dimensional properties ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Annex A (informative) Use o f the reference temperature specification .......................................................................... 2
Annex B (informative) Relation to the GPS matrix model .............................................................................................................. 3
Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved iii

ISO 1:2016(E)

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work o f preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters o f
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
di fferent types o f ISO documents should be noted. This document was dra fted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o f the elements o f this document may be the subject o f
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identi fying any or all such patent rights. Details o f
any patent rights identified during the development o f the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is in formation given for the convenience o f users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning o f ISO specific terms and expressions related to con formity assessment,
as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the
Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html .
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product
specifications and verification .
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 1:2002), which has been technically
revised. Specifically, the following points have changed:
— the standard re ference temperature definition has been included; consequently, the title,
introduction and scope, have been changed;
— the general definition o f re ference temperature has been included.

iv © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

 ISO 1 : 2 01 6(E)

Introduction
This I nternationa l Standard is a ge ome tric a l pro duc t s p e ci fic ation (GP S ) s tanda rd and is to be

regarded as a fundamental GPS Standard (see ISO 14638:2015 [1] ). For more detailed information on the
relationship of this International Standard to other standards and the GPS matrix model, see Annex B.
T he defi n ition s o f the un its , i nclud i ng tho s e o f leng th and temp eratu re, are adop te d b y the G enera l

C on ference o f Weights and M e as u re s (C GPM ) u nder the authority o f the C onvention o f the M e tre . T he s e

defi n ition s a re mai nta i ne d i n the S I bro chu re . [5]

T he u n it o f leng th , the me tre, i s i ndep endent o f temp erature . T he c u rrent defi n ition o f the me tre [6] is
b as e d on the d i s ta nce l ight travel s i n vac uu m du ri ng a u nit o f ti me . H owever, a phys ic a l obj e c t i s s ubj e c t

to therma l exp an s ion a nd con s e quently, its ge ome tric a l and d i men s iona l prop er tie s a re dep endent on

its temp eratu re . Sp e c i fyi ng a re ference temp eratu re a l lows the ge ome tric a l a nd d i men s iona l prop er tie s

o f a phys ic a l o bj e c t to b e u nambiguou s ly s tate d .

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved v

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 1:2016(E)

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Standard

reference temperature for the specification o f geometrical
and dimensional properties
1 Scope
This International Standard defines the concepts o f a re ference temperature and o f the standard
re ference temperature, and specifies the standard re ference temperature value for the specification o f
geometrical and dimensional properties o f an object. Some examples o f geometrical and dimensional
properties include size, location, orientation (including angle), form and surface texture of a workpiece.
This International Standard is also applicable to the definition o f the measurand used in verification or
calibration.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes o f this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
reference temperature
temperature o f an object, having a uni form temperature, specified as part o f the definition o f a
geometrical or dimensional property
Note 1 to entry: The specification o f a geometrical or dimensional property is typically given in technical product
documentation, e.g., on an engineering drawing or in a CAD file, or in the specification o f the measurand (the
quantity intended to be measured).
2.2
standard reference temperature
internationally agreed-upon re ference temperature
Note 1 to entry: In prior editions o f this International Standard, the term “standard re ference temperature” was
defined as its assigned numerical value, i.e. 20 °C. In this edition, the definition o f the reference temperature (2.1)
and the assignment o f a standardized value to this temperature are separately addressed (Clause 3).

3 Standard reference temperature value for the specification o f geometrical and

dimensional properties
The standard re ference temperature value for the specification o f geometrical and dimensional
properties shall be fixed at 20 °C. Unless otherwise explicitly specified, the re ference temperature for
geometrical and dimensional properties of workpieces shall be the standard reference temperature.
See Annex A for in formation on the use o f the re ference temperature specification.
NOTE 1 There is only one standard re ference temperature value and it is fixed at 20 °C. However, this does
not prevent a di fferent (non-standard) re ference temperature from being specified for all geometrical and
dimensional properties o f a workpiece or for a specific geometrical or dimensional property on a workpiece,
provided it is explicitly stated as part o f the specification.
NOTE 2 The specification o f a non-standard re ference temperature may increase the measurement
uncertainty during verification because most dimensional measuring equipment and gauges are calibrated with
their measurand defined at the standard re ference temperature.

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 1

ISO 1 : 2 01 6(E)

Annex A
(informative)
Use o f the re ference temperature specification

Speci fying geometrical and dimens ional properties at a s ingle temp erature value can raise ques tions s ince

a) the fu nc tiona l re qu i rements o f any phys ic a l workpie ce i nclude o ther temp eratu re s ,

b) veri fic ation c a nno t phys ic a l ly o cc u r at a n exac t, u n i form temp eratu re .

Regarding the issue that workpiece functional requirements include other temperatures, it is important
to no te that a de s igner typic a l ly s p e ci fie s no t on ly the re qu i rements on the ge ome tric a nd d i men s iona l

prop er tie s o f the workpie ce (u s ua l ly at the s tandard re ference temp eratu re va lue) , but a l s o s ep arate

re qu i rements on the materi a l prop er tie s o f the workpie ce . C ombi n i ng the knowle dge o f how a s p e ci fie d

materia l b ehave s at d i fferent temp erature s a nd the s p e c i fie d ge ome tric and d i men s iona l prop er tie s at

a single temperature can allow a designer to ensure a workpiece will meet geometric and dimensional
functional requirements over a range of temperatures.
Regard i ng the i s s ue that any ge ome tric a l or d i men s iona l veri fic ation i nevitably o cc u rs at a temp eratu re

d i fferent th an the re ference temp erature, an ade quate corre c tion for th at d i fference is ne ce s s a r y

(see for example ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.3, Note 3 [2] ). In some cases, the correction might be zero
(i . e . no corre c tion i s p er forme d) ; however, i n a l l c as e s , it i s ne ce s s ar y that the l ack o f knowle dge o f

the e xac t corre c tion b e accou nte d for appropri ately i n the me as u rement u ncer tai nty [s e e for e xample

ISO/IEC GUIDE 98-3:2008, 3.3.2 b) [3] ].

M o s t me as u ri ng s ys tem s a re de s igne d to pro duce me a s urement re s u lts s p e c i fie d at the s tanda rd

re ference temp eratu re va lue o f 2 0 °C even though they may b e op erati ng at a d i fferent temp erature .

I n th i s c a s e, devi ation s from the s ta ndard re ference temp eratu re for either the me as u ri ng s ys tem

or the workpie ce u nder me a s u rement le ad to add itiona l me as u rement u ncer tai nty contributors; s e e

ISO/TR 16015[4] for additional information. The term reference temperature should not be confused
with the term rated operating condition.

2 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

 ISO 1 : 2 01 6(E)

Annex B
(informative)
Relation to the GPS matrix model

B.1 General
T he I S O GP S matri x mo del given i n I S O 14 6 3 8 give s an over view o f the I S O GP S s ys tem o f wh ich th i s

standard is a part.
B.2 Information about this International Standard and its use
This I nternationa l Standard is used whenever GP S s p e ci fic ation s for workpie ce s and me as u ri ng

e quipment are given . I t con s titute s the b as i s for the eva luation o f me as u rement u ncer ta i nty.

B.3 Position in GPS matrix model

T h i s s tandard i s a fundamenta l GP S s ta nda rd . T he ru le s and pri nc iple s given i n th i s s ta ndard app ly to

a l l genera l a nd complementar y I S O GP S s tanda rd s i n the I S O GP S matri x. S e e Table B.1.

Table B.1 — Position in the GPS matrix model
Chain links
A B C D E F G

Feature re- Feature Conform-

S ymb o l s Measurement Measurement Calibrations
and indica- quirements properties ance and equipment
tions non-con-
formance
Size • • • • • • •
Distance • • • • • • •
Form • • • • • • •
Orientation • • • • • • •
Location • • • • • • •
Run-out • • • • • • •
-
P ro fi le s u r • • • • • • •
face texture
Areal sur- • • • • • • •
face texture
Surface im- • • • • • • •
perfections

B.4 Related International Standards

The related standards are those of the chains of standards indicated in Table B.1.

© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved 3

ISO 1 : 2 01 6(E)

Bibliography

[1] ISO 14638, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Matrix model

[2] ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, International vocabulary of metrology — Basic and general concepts and
associated terms (VIM)
[3] ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty o f measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression o f
uncertainty in measurement (GUM:1995)
[4] ISO/TR 16015, Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Systematic errors and contributions to
measurement uncertainty o f length measurement due to thermal influences
[5] SI Brochure: The International System o f Units (SI). 8th Edition, 2006; updated in 2014. Bureau
International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM)
[6] 17e Conférence Générale des Poids et Mesures (1983), Comptes Rendus. p. 97 (Resolution 1).
Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), 1984

4 © ISO 2016 – All rights reserved

ISO 1 : 2 01 6(E)

ICS 17.040.01
Price based on 4 pages
© ISO 2016 – All rights reserved