CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains the concepts, the completed thesis, generalizations,

techniques, and other. The ones that are mentioned in this chapter aid in familiarizing

readers with information that is pertinent to and related to the studies.

FOREIGN LITERATURE

In the study of Sogari, Giovanni, Catalina Velez-Argumedo, Miguel I. Gómez, and

Cristina Mora (2018). Consumer behavior scientists generally don't offer

recommendations regarding dietary components for the precise amounts and restricts

for food groups, nor do they participate in the scientific discussion about what is optimal

to eat from a nutritional standpoint. Instead, the goal of this study was to comprehend

how students' decisions about healthy eating were influenced by personal, societal, and

environmental factors. According to our findings, participants were impacted by

environmental, social, and individual factors at the university.

College students gained interest in their food and received encouragement from

others through social media interactions while keeping food diaries on smartphone

apps. This approach, which values peer support and education, has potential in the

future. To further develop this field of research, a closer look at group dynamics related

to participant relationships and over time experiments to create sustainable motivation

are required. Watanabe-Ito, M., Kishi, E., & Shimizu, Y. (2020).

A third of the college students who took part in the survey said they were

overweight, weighing between six and fifty pounds or more. Students mixed fast food

and processed food depending on convenience and taste preference with fruits and
salads, despite being aware of the dangers of fast food, the unhealthiness of soda, and

food additives. Even though many of the participants had healthy eating practices and

sufficient understanding of nutritional requirements, more research is needed to

determine the various factors that influence these behaviors and knowledge. Samuel P.

Abraham, Brooke R. Noriega, Ju Young Shin (2018).

Rana, Z. H., et., al., (2023), in their study, stated that a certain food groups, such

as grains, meat, chicken, and fish, provide a substantial amount of energy and nutrients;

on the other hand, other less ideal sources of energy and nutrients, such as sweets and

sports drinks, are also highlighted. Among students, healthier options accounted for a

larger part of their dietary consumption. In addition, Foods high in energy and rich in

vital nutrients account for most of the overall energy consumption, which will lead to

high academic performances.

LOCAL LITERATURE

According to Secretary Briones (2022). Since everyone is aware that a child who

is unhealthy cannot learn as much as a child who is fit, well-fed, and provided with

nutritional assistance, especially for families who cannot afford the costs associated

with maintaining healthy children. Nestlé Philippines has been a long-time partner and

supporter, and we are very appreciative of both.

According to Elizabeth Manalo Acampado and Madonna Valenzuela (2018). The

study, which looked at the prevalence of daily physical activity (PA) within students in

college in a Philippine context, found that Filipino college students at the chosen

university had a very high percentage of physical inactivity, with even higher

percentages of absence in higher year levels. Time constraints were the main cause of
inactivity, whereas predisposing factors accounted for a large portion of the students' PA

adherence. In each year level, roughly one in three students had poor to below average

eating habits.

While eating frequently is a risk factor for being overweight and obese in both

genders, consuming breakfast and vegetables can help prevent being overweight or

obese. Any age can become obese. College students would undoubtedly benefit from

health promotion initiatives that highlight these crucial health issues. Some potential

health promotion measures that should benefit the university community are wellness

initiatives, health education classes, and the availability of healthy food options in the

cafeteria. K.L.L. Pineda, RND, MSPH a, C. Gonzalez-Suarez, MD, PhD b, R.V. Espino,

CSCS, MSHMS c, C.J. Escuadra, MHPE d, S.A. Balid-Attwell, MA e, K. Devora, MSc f,

D. Mendoza, MSc, RND (2020).

Based on Berongan, J. E., (2019) dietary habits have an impact on the academic

success of a young Filipino person. Additionally, it has observed that there is a

correlation between the two variables. different. Pupils who do not consume enough

food may they are less attentive and disturbed from the lesson. Consequently, it was

advised keeping an eye on the kids' eating routines that might impact their nutrition,

given that teens' dietary preferences were less on nutritional value and more on

ingredients and flavor. Additionally, their nutritional state is impacted by their eating

habits, which in turn Their academic performance is nevertheless impacted in the long

run.

FOREIGN STUDIES
 According to Avom-Me Mbida, F., & Enyong Oben, J (2022), these young people

would benefit from nutritional education because it would enable them to make better

food choices and adopt healthy habits, both of which can help to avoid nutritional-

related complications once they begin an active lifestyle.

Based on the study of Qi Xie, Meng-lei Hao, Ling-bing Meng, Xiao-qin Zuo, Peng

Guo, Yong Qiu, Qiang Wang, Na Zhang and Min Lei (2019), their findings about eating

more meals more frequently, eating more slowly, and consuming fewer desserts and

sweets may all help lower the obesity rate among college students. Our research offers

important insights for interventions aimed at preventing obesity from starting and

lowering the prevalence of obesity-related illnesses, both of which will benefit those who

are impacted and their families.

Saudi college females frequently engaged in unhealthy lifestyle practices, such

as physical inactivity, SBs, inadequate sleep, and improper nutrition. To lower the risk of

NCDs in the future, efforts must be made to promote PA, lower SBs, and improve sleep

and eating habits among Saudi females. Putting behavioral intervention programs into

place on campus could be a good place to start when trying to remove obstacles to

healthy living and could have a significant positive impact on the health and wellbeing of

female college students. Alzamil, Hana A.; Alhakbany, Manan A.; Alfadda, Nora A.1;

Almusallam, Sarah M.1; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.2, (2019).

College students who possessed engaging and crucial digital health literacy

seemed more likely to practice healthy eating habits. Functional eHealth literacy played

a larger role in a balanced diet for the set of students who had large monthly expenses

than critical eHealth literacy did. Furthermore, there was a lower likelihood of unhealthy
food intake among Taiwanese college students who had functional eHealth literacy.

These findings have significant ramifications for health professionals, who should inform

college students about the dangers of diets high in fat, calories, salt, or sugar to help

them cut back on unhealthy food intake. Shu Ching Yang, Yi Fang Luo, Chia-Hsun

Chiang (2019).

According to NUR KAMILAH MOHD FAUZY, MOHD ALI, NURUL HAZIRAH

JAAFAR (2019). Their study revealed that the prevalence of obesity and overweight

among IIUM Kuantan Campus students is high. Lifestyle choices, particularly those for

less expensive food, as well as physical activity level are important factors influencing

their BMI status. In light of these findings, future researchers should suggest

appropriate interventions that emphasize a healthy lifestyle among students in

Malaysian universities or other postsecondary educational institutions.

It is recommended that healthy food and dietary courses be made mandatory in

all KFU courses to increase students' knowledge, understanding, practice, assistance,

and encouragement of healthier nutrition. This may be regarded as a component of a

larger package of preventive measures. Each college should develop its own rules,

guidelines, procedures, and policies in order to take the required steps to improve

students' healthy lifestyles. In addition, more investigation is necessary to determine the

most effective method of removing obstacles to maintaining a healthy diet. Amal Ismael

Abdelhafez, Fahima Akhter, Abdulrahman Abdulhadi Alsultan, Sahbanathul Missiriya

Jalal, Ayub Ali (2019).

Comparatively speaking, students who experienced high levels of stress

displayed fewer healthy eating habits. Therefore, it's important to appropriately manage
college students' stress to avoid stress-related unhealthy eating habits. Beginning stress

management before entering college is necessary because stress shouldn't prevent

college students from following a healthy diet. Choi, Jinkyung. (2020).

Based on the study of AlJaber, M. I., et., al., (2019) found out that in order to

reduce academic stress on students, we also recommend developing accurate

university programs with well-established and programmed resources, creating an

educational program to encourage medical students to eat healthily, and converting

longitudinal courses into blocks.

LOCAL STUDIES

The participants' objectives and behavioral intentions in purchasing street food

are diverse, as is the reason behind their purchase. Because street food is readily

available and reasonably priced, all participants male and female consumed it. Street

food vendors set up their carts where lots of people are visible, to maximize availability.

Because street food prices range from 1 peso to 15 pesos, which is the most expensive,

it is reasonably priced, especially for students on a tight budget. Antipolo, L. M., Elmer

Callo, and Susan Groom (2021).

The findings demonstrated a strong inverse relationship among online affinity

and eating behaviors as well as between eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction,

supporting the effect of social media desire on adolescents' eating behaviors and body

dissatisfaction. Additionally, the results of the multiple regression study showed that

eating attitudes influenced body-image issues in adolescents as well as grade,

discontent with their bodies, and social media affinity. Shannen Tadena, So Ra Kang,

and Shin-Jeong Kim (2020).

 According to Fontanilla et al., (2023) The information gathered from the

interviewees indicates that the students exhibit typical nutritional standing and they

perform well in their academic studies. Furthermore, the report notes that The

relationship between nutritional health and academic achievement is quite substantial,

with a proportion of as a result, one important predictor of students' intellectual progress

is their nutritional state. Additional research reveals that there is a substantial correlation

between and impact on the nutritional condition of the socioeconomic position of the

responder, the home's food security, and the amount of food state of diversity.