–6– N16/4/PHYSI/HP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

3. (a) Define internal energy. [2]

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(b) 0.46 mole of an ideal monatomic gas is trapped in a cylinder. The gas has a volume of
21 m3 and a pressure of 1.4 Pa.

(i) State how the internal energy of an ideal gas differs from that of a real gas. [1]

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(ii) Determine, in kelvin, the temperature of the gas in the cylinder. [2]

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(iii) The kinetic theory of ideal gases is one example of a scientific model.
Identify two reasons why scientists find such models useful. [2]

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2. A closed box of fixed volume 0.15 m3 contains 3.0 mol of an ideal monatomic gas.
The temperature of the gas is 290 K

(a) Calculate the pressure of the gas. [1]

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(b) When the gas is supplied with 0.86 kJ of energy, its temperature increases by 23 K.
The specific heat capacity of the gas is 3.1 kJ kg-1 K-1

(i) Calculate, in kg, the mass of the gas. [1]

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(ii) Determine, in kJ, the total kinetic energy of the particles of the gas. [3]

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(c) Explain, with reference to the kinetic model of an ideal gas, how an increase in
temperature of the gas leads to an increase in pressure. [3]

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20EP06
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2. (a) An ideal monatomic gas is kept in a container of volume 2.1 × 10– 4 m3, temperature
310 K and pressure 5.3 × 105 Pa.

(i) State what is meant by an ideal gas. [1]

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(ii) Calculate the number of atoms in the gas. [1]

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(iii) Calculate, in J, the internal energy of the gas. [2]

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(b) The volume of the gas in (a) is increased to 6.8 × 10– 4 m3 at constant temperature.

(i) Calculate, in Pa, the new pressure of the gas. [1]

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(ii) Explain, in terms of molecular motion, this change in pressure. [2]

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b2. This question is in two parts. Part 1 is about ideal gases. Part 2 is about the use of
fossil fuels.

Part 1 Ideal gases

(a) The atoms or molecules of an ideal gas are assumed to be identical hard elastic spheres
that have negligible volume compared with the volume of the containing vessel.

(i) State two further assumptions of the kinetic theory of an ideal gas. [2]

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2. .............................................................
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(ii) Suggest why only the average kinetic energy of the molecules of an ideal gas is
related to the internal energy of the gas. [3]

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(This question continues on the following page)

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