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PROCEEDINGS INDONESIAN PETROLEUM ASSOCIATION

Twenty Fourth Annual Convention, October 1995

SMALL FIELD DEVELOPMENT OFFSHORE EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Hikmet Ucok"
C h r i s Landeck"
Kevin O'Donnell"
Donna Staples"
Wytze de Boer*
Bangun Antanksa"

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

A prudent optimization process was followed during
the field development/feasibility study of a small
offshore field starting with the completion and well
design through drilling rig selection, well slot design
and allocation and finally to platform and facility
design to ensure an economically viable project.
A small offshore oil field, The Santan Field, in East
Kalimantan, Indonesia discovered in early 1971 will
be developed 25 years later following an integrated
developmentlfeasibility study conducted by a
multidisciplinary project team.
The Santan Field is located in Unocal Indonesia
Company's East Kalimantan Offshore Block. It is in
125' of water approximately 10 miles east of the giant
Attaka Field and 26 miles east of the Kalimantan
mainland as indicated in Figure 1. The discovery well,
Santan No. 1, was drilled in November, 1970. The
delineation well, Santan 6, confirmed the discovery in
July, 1982. Following the 3-D seismic survey in 1993
and interpretation in 1994, two more wells (Santan 8
and 9) were drilled to evaluate the southern extension
of the field and test a separate fault block to the west.

The reservoir management objectives and future well
maintenance cost considerations for the highly
interbedded thin oil and gas reservoirs with multiple
fluid contacts formed the basis for the completion
driven field development. All the reservoir
management objectives are planned to be met through
a completion strategy and well design. The completion
strategy and the well design developed for this field
have significant impact not only on drilling and well
maintenance costs but also on the platform design and
well slot size and thus the overall structure cost.
This paper explains the field development
optimization steps and design concepts. These steps
are mostly tailored around the enhancement of oil
production while reducing initial field development
and future well maintenance costs.
During the early 1970's several delineation dry holes
were drilled to the north on a geophysical time high.
It was thought then that the field was uneconomical to
develop. The expanded infrastructure available around
the Santan Field and technological advances, such as
improved subsurface seismic imaging, however,
renewed interest in the 1990s for the development of
this geologically marginal field.
The field has been defined by 6 wells (Santan 1, 5 , 6,
8, 9, 1-West) and a 3-D seismic survey. The oil and
gas reserves are distributed within 6,300 feet of
sediments.
Plans are to set a 20-slot-platform in early 1997 to
develop the oil and gas reserves.
GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS

* Unocal Indonesia Ltd. Santan Field is a north-south trending broad anticline.

344
It is faulted into two independent closures of
hydrocarbon accumulations.
The main field structure is a low-relief, four-way
closure down thrown to a large structural fault (Santan
West Fault). The vertical closure is +/- 100 feet
covering +/- 1100 acres. The west fault block, is a
high relief faulted anticline and was tested by Santan
9. Vertical closure for the western faulted anticline is
+/-350 feet. These two independent structures define
a productive area of 11.6 sq. km. Mapping is based
on the 1993 3-D seismic interpretation using a new
depth conversion method and subsurface control.
Figure 2 is a structure contour map on the 60-3
horizon.
Early seismic data quality in the Santan area is poor.
During initial delineation drilling, all the wells
encountered objective reservoirs much deeper then
prognosed. At first, faulty seismic correlations on the
2-D grid were suspected for the depth errors. But as
more wells were drilled, this proved not to be the
case. The low relief (+/- 100 feet) closure made it
very sensitive to velocity variations. Apparently, a
strong laterally varying velocity gradient exists in the
Santan area. This had not been encountered before in
the offshore Mahakam region. Time maps or simple
depth converted maps could no longer be used, nor
could a satisfactory depth conversion scheme be
constructed.
In 1993, a 75 sq. km 3-D survey was shot over the
field. Careful processing with emphasis on accurate
velocity picking resulted in a 3-D dataset with much
improved data quality. The data still lacked the quality
of the nearby Attaka 3-D dataset due to the occasional
occurrence of reef facies limestones in the upper 4000
feet of the section, These high velocity rocks caused
attenuation and scattering of seismic energy and were
the cause of this lateral seismic velocity gradient in
the area.
Presently, reefs are growing on the shelf outboard of
a radius of about 20 km from the distributary mouths
of the Mahakam delta. Reef growth is strongest on
elevated spots on the seabed, and typically cap the up-
thrown sides of the many normal faults in the area
which frequently cut up to the surface. Santan Field is
overlain by an extensive reef complex, which is
controlled by the surface trace of the large eastern
bounding fault of the Santan trend, the Santan-Serang
fault. This phenomenon also existed in the past and is
recorded by the Santan wells. The closer the well is
drilled to the Santan-Serang fault, the more limestone
is encountered. This directly translates into a lateral
velocity gradient, which is now understood to be
indirectly controlled by the Santan-Serang fault.
With this understanding, a velocity model was
constructed. Figure 3 shows a diagram that formed the
basis of the model. Due to an increasing amount of
carbonates closer to the fault on the up-thown side
and a lack of carbonates on its down-thrown side, a
seismic time pull-up anomaly is created. which would
distort a flat horizontal surface into an anticlinal
feature. The reverse gradient in the fault shadow zone
would create a rollover or false structures.
The sediments in the field are Late Miocene in age
and were deposited in a deltaic to prodelta
environment with the recent sediments being
deposited in a prodelta and shallow-open marine
environment. Figure 4 depicts a generalized Santan
Field Stratigraphic Column. The deltaic sedimentary
facies of the productive interval consist of distributary
mouth bars, thin tidal sand bars, distributary channels,
thin limestones and prodelta to shelf shales.
A significant portion of the reservoirs consist of
distributary mouth bars and thin tidal sand bars
deposited in the delta front environment. The
distributary mouth bar deposits are comprised of thin,
coarsening-upward units of well-sorted fine to
medium grained sand and bioturbated sandy mud. The
clean sands within the distributary mouth bars are
generally thin, but widespread laterally. The sandy
muds and silts are indicative of low-energy current
and wave environment. They are abundantly
bioturbated. The majority are less than 20 feet thick.
Thin tidal sand bars less than 10 feet thick, consist of
fine to very fine sands and silts with burrowing
occurring on the distal delta front. The lower section
(X3 to X4) is in the distal delta front to prodelta
environment in which the silts and mud deposits
containing abundant burrows increase.
A minor portion of the reservoirs consists of
subaqueous channels on the distal delta front which
are extensions of the distributary channels on the
inner delta. front. The c h y n e l deposits typically
exhibit a sharp base due to scouring and fine upward

into a channel abandonment Sacies. The thickest
channel (74-5)encountered is 59' thick in Santan 1.
The channels typically contain gas with an associated
oil column on water. The oil column in the 74-5 sand
is 12' and is the thickest found to date.
The low relief structure in combination with low
continuity of thin reservoir sands created a field with
low volumetrics compared to most fields in the area.
RESERVOIRMANAGEMENTCONSIDERATIONS
The Santan Field is a low relief four-way closure with
thin oil and gas reservoirs distributed within 4,800 and
1,500 feet of sedimentary column in the Main Field
and in the West Fault Block, respectively, covering
an area of approximately 11.6 sq. km.
In the Main Santan Field, 38 different hydrocarbon
bearing horizons were mapped using four well
controls (Santan 1, 5, 6 and 8) and 3-D seismic. Of
these 38 reservoirs, 21 are non-associated gas
reservoirs, 6 are gas caps with thin oil rims and 11
were oil reservoirs. Similarly, five different horizons
are mapped in the West Fault Block again using 3-D
seismic and two well controls (Santan 9 and Santan
West 1). Of these five reservoirs, two are oil
reservoirs and three are non-associated gas reservoirs.
Because of the marginal geological conditions, i.e.,
thin and low relief reservoirs with multiple fluid
contacts and thick (4,800 feet) sedimentary column
with very low net to gross pay ratio (5%), the
reservoir management considerations were given
careful attention and are integrated into the field
development plans. These reservoir management
considerations are centered around the following
issues :
GAS AND WATER CONING
WATER PRODUCTION
LIQUID HOLD-UP
GAS LIFT
SAND CONTROL
These issues are addressed either through a perforating
strategy, development well design, or both as
illustrated in Table 1.
A completion strategy was developed as a key
reservoir management tool to maximize oil production
345
in the early years of production from the
undersaturated and saturated oil reservoirs. A typical
perforating priority for a development well is shown
in Table 2. As indicated in this table, the preferred
completion is not necessarily from bottom-up but
starts with undersaturated reservoirs followed by
saturated oil reservoirs or oil rims. Oil rims will be
perforated away from the gas-oil contact to provide as
much stand-off as possible to minimize gas coning.
The oil reservoirs with water contact will be added
next to the existing production again with limited
perforating to provide as much stand-off to minimize
water coning. Once the gas coning occurs, the oil
wells are expected to turn into gas wells rather
quickly and produce the gas cap reserves. Non-
associated gas zones will be added to the existing
completions at this stage to supplement gas
production.
A completion strategy which incorporates the
perforating priority described above, with some
remedial zone isolation, is expected to minimize gas
and water coning and water production as effectively
as mechanically isolated completions using multiple
packers and production strings.
As the undersaturated reservoirs deplete and water
production increases, gas lift will be needed,
especially if the existing perforations are not
producing enough gas at that particular stage of the
completion. Because gas sands (non-associated and
gas cap) are distributed throughout the gross pay
column, the gas lift will be provided naturally by
perforating gas sands at appropriate locations with
respect to depleted or high water cut zones. The lift
gas rate is planned to be controlled by perforating
length and shot density andlor down hole chokes.
The production of oil from any given set of
completions is anticipated to be short lived due to thin
and limited reservoirs with multiple contacts. The
development wells therefore will require a high degree
of remedial intervention in the form of perforating and
isolating to achieve reservoir management objectives.
From the stand-point of future well maintenance cost,
it is desirable to be able to perform all remedial work
using wire line or snubbing units rather then a full
workover rig.
Another reservoir management consideration
incorporated in the well design is the production
346
tubinghasing size. A smaller size production string is
preferred to reduce liquid hold-up (Turner, 1969) and
improve gas recovery during the later stages of
production.
The well design focused on achieving a development
well suitable for frequent remedial intervention and
other reservoir and cost requirements as stated above.
These requirements were achieved with the 3-112"
monobore well design (no permanent diameter
restriction such as landing nipples in production
casinghbing). With the monobore well design, access
to the reservoirs is unlimited. The small bore well
design has a beneficial impact on drilling cost, drilling
rig selection, platform design and slot size.
The advantages of reservoir management through
perforating strategy and well design in the initial
development and in future maintenance of the field is
summarized in Figure 5 .
FIELD DEVELOPMENT
A small, multidisciplinary field development team was
formed to optimize a detailed development plan. The
multidisciplinary team approach was used to enhance
the economics for the geologically marginal Santan
Field. The reservoir management objectives and future
well maintenance cost considerations for the highly
interbedded thin oil and gas reservoirs formed the
basis for the completion driven field development. In
the initial development the emphasis was placed on oil
production. Although oil reserves are small as
compared to gas, the oil revenues are expected to
make up as much as 50% of the total field revenues.
Thus enhancement of oil recovery and production is
economically justified.
Subsurface maps were generated using well control
and the 3-D seismic survey to define areas where
multiple oil reservoirs stack-up. These areas were
targeted for the development wells for the initial oil
development. Initial development wells, targeted to
maximize oil production, were located mostly along
the periphery of the field. These locations are also
suitable for a majority of the gas reserves because of
the flat nature of the Santan Structure. Only a limited
number of dedicated gas wells (one or two) are
expected to be required to capture gas located up-dip
from the oil development.
The field will be developed from a 20 slot platform
situated in approximately 125 feet of water. This will
provide enough drilling slots to develop the field and
provide extra slots to be used for development and
exploration as an understanding of the field increases
following the initial development drilling. The initial
development is on 60 acres nominal well spacing.
This spacing is based on a fair amount of sand
correlation between the discovery well (Santan 1) and
the offset well (Santan 6 ) that is 1500 feet away. The
life of the development wells is expected to be
relatively short. Thus, the wells will be re-drilled from
the same slot at least once or twice, especially if a
need develops for a tighter well spacing.
The potential oil completion intervals for the field are
shown in Table 3 . The individual completion
production performance for the undersaturated and
saturated oil reservoirs were determined using single
well radial numerical models. The gas-oil relative
permeability relationships used in the models were
based on Alps and Roberts relative permeability
correlations for sandstones (Arps, 1955). The
appropriateness of relative permeability correlation
was later verified experimentally by the cutting of a
new core in a recently drilled delineation well (Santan
8). A typical model configuration and basic model
parameters for the saturated reservoirs are shown in
Figure 6. These completion performances were then
combined according to the completion strategy to
estimate a typical development well performance as
shown in Figure 7.
DEVELOPMENT WELL DESIGN
The justification for 3-1/2" monobore completions in
the Santan Field development has been discussed in
the Reservoir Management Considerations section.
This small diameter well design will substantially
reduce initial well costs and remedial workover costs
when compared with a 7" conventional completion
while providing adequate completion flexibility.
Concurrent with the Santan Field well design
proposal, the design concept was field tested in other
nearby producing fields. This has validated the Santan
well design.
Drilling
Drilling data from the Santan 1, 6, 8, and 9
exploration wells was used to design the Santan

development wells. Development well depths will
range from 8000' TVD/8500' MD to 9800'
TVD/10,700' MD. The proposed casing program for
the average well is illustrated in Figure 8. This design
meets all drilling, evaluation, completion and
workover requirements. A small, highly mobile tender
assisted workover/redrill rig will be used to drill the
wells. The use of a workovedredrill rig will save
approximately 50% of the daily cost of a tender
assisted drilling rig.
The 12-1/4" hole section will be drilled riserless using
sea water with returns to the mudline. To achieve the
highest possible casing shoe strength, 9-5/8" casing
will be set as deep as possible (600' BML) but prior
to penetrating the first sand. It will be cemented to the
mudline with a unihead in place and a 11" BOP stack
installed for subsequent drilling operations.
The objeciives of the 8-1/2" hole section are to set the
7" casing as deep as possible to minimize the amount
of 6" hole that will be drilled and to provide adequate
kick tolerance for drilling to total depth. The casing
setting depth is based on kick tolerance calculations,
which indicate that the 8-1/2" hole can be safely
drilled below the conductor to 3000' TVD with a 20
bbl kick tolerance. For these calculations, a 9-5/8"
conductor shoe fracture gradient of .82 psi/ft was used
based on Santan 8 and 9 actual conductor shoe leakoff
tests. On most wells, the 8-1/2" hole will be
directionally drilled because shallow kickoffs are
required to achieve the directional objectives. This
hole section will not be logged. The 7'' casing will be
run to surface, landed in the unihead, and cemented to
the mudline with a 12.5 ppg light weight slurry.
Total well depths will vary from 8500' MD to 10,700'
MD, with an average depth of 10,200' MD. The
average 6" hole section will vary from 5200' to 7400'
MD. The maximum required well angle is not
expected to exceed 47". After drilling to total depth
the well will be logged with a single combinable tool
logging run, followed by multiple RFT runs for
pressures and fluid samples. Early in the design of
these wells, there was concern about sticking 4-3/4"
RFT tools in the 6" hole. However, based on recent
experience with 3-1/2" monobore wells in other fields
no major problems are now anticipated.
After logging, the well will be completed with a
3-1/2" liner cemented in place. This was a concern
347
initially, but experience has shown that the 3-1/2"
liner runs and cements well in 6" hole. In this design,
a seal-bore type production packer is run as a liner
hanger, so the liner lap is sealed and the 3-1/2"
production tubing can be stabbed directly into the
liner top to give a monobore completion. After the
production tree is installed, the drilling rig will be
moved off and the well will be perforated with an
electric line mast unit.
Completion and Workovels
The small diameter design provides' the lowest
possible initial and remedial well costs, and provides
adequate completion flexibility for the proposed
completion strategy (Hopmann, 1995). The initial
completion perforations with 2- 1/8" wireline conveyed
perforating guns, will be performed with a wireline
mast unit (Boonen, 1995).
As discussed earlier the wells are expected to require
frequent remedial action for zone isolations and
recompletions. With the monobore design, all
workovers can be performed with either an electric
line unit or snubbing unit without pulling the
production tubing. If the tubing above the packer
must be pulled, the snubbing unit will be equipped
with large BOP'S to perform the work. Normally, the
unit will work concentrically with a 1-1/4" work
string. The snubbing unit operates without a tender
barge for about 20% of the daily cost of a
conventional tender assisted workover rig. The
wireline mast unit can be operated at a nominal daily
cost. These factors contribute to substantial workover
cost reductions. Well up-time should also be improved
since these small workover units are more readily
available than the conventional workaver n g and can
respond much more quickly.
Since the monobore has a constant internal diameter,
the need for mechanically complex downhole tools to
perform concentric workovers is eliminated.
Conventional permanent bridge plugs, retainers,
retrievable bridge plugs and packers will be used to
perform cement squeeze isolations through a 1-1/4"
work string. Bottom-up recompletions are easily
performed. If the perforations to be isolated are not at
the bottom of the completion interval, the cement will
be drilled out to maintain full wellbore access to
bottom. A 3-1/2" casing patch will also be tested as
an off-bottom perforation isolation tool.
348
Sand Control
Although sand production is common in certain
formations in the nearby East Kalimantan offshore
fields, electric logs, cores and DST data from
exploration wells indicate that sand production will
not be a problem in the Santan Field. However, if
sand control is required, a resin coated sand packing
or similar treatment (Dees, 1993), rather than a gravel
pack, will be performed to eliminate the gravel pack
screen to maintain full access to the entire wellbore.
Gas Lift
Due to the small internal diameter of the proposed
completion, gas lift mandrels cannot be run inside the
completion. The 3-1/2" side pocket mandrels can be
run above the production packer/liner hanger inside
the 7" surface casing, which limits the gas lift depth.
Since the Santan Field is predominantly gas, there are
no plans to install a gas lift system. Depleted oil zones
and high water cut zones will be lifted by perforating
small gas sands to provide natural gas lift. Retrievable
plugs with chokes will be run to control gas rates, if
required.
STRUCI'URE AND FACILITIES
The Santan Field will be developed from a 20 well
slot platform in 125' of water. The platform location
was selected utilizing well trajectories and bathymetry
maps. A one meter spacing depth sounding was used
to further optimize the location selection. A physical
inspection of the sea bottom was then performed using
divers to confirm the selected platform location is
suitable for installation. A site specific soil boring was
done to ensure proper design of the foundation piles.
The development wells are planned to be drilled using
a 9-518" surface conductor. One row of 13-318"
surface conductors wilI be provided in case a need for
an extra casing string arises. Because of the slim hole
drilling, the platform well spacing was reduced to 5
feet, center to center, from the standard 7 feet design.
With this reduced well spacing the 40 foot square
deck area inside the legs is adequate for the
development well slots and some production
equipment. This in turn reduced the size of the
cantilevered deck. Figure 9 is a comparison between
the Santan platform deck and a previous platform
deck which indicates the positive impact of the tighter
well spacing allowed by the smaller diameter well
conductors.
The deck is designed to'support a tender assisted
drilling rig. A significant platform. design load
reduction was realized due to the slim hole well
design. The smaller well diameter permits Santan
Field development wells to be drilled using a rig with
a design weight of slightly over 1,000 klbs. This
compares to the 4,000 klbs tender rigs for which the
other platforms in East Kalimantan were designed.
In the facilities design, maximum effort was given to
the integration of the new field development with
existing infrastructure. For example, the routing of the
pipeline from Santan Field was given careful
consideration in order to integrate the new field
development with the long term depletion plans of the
nearby Attaka Field.
The Attaka Field is located on the most direct route
between Santan Field and the onshore Santan
Terminal. The 16" diameter two phase flow pipeline
to the Santan Terminal will include sub-sea tie-in
provisions for Attaka gas in the future. The expected
high producing gasloil ratio plus the high degree of
completion flexibility afforded by the well design
made a two phase pipeline the most economic choice.
If excessive slugging should become a problem, the
field producing gas/oil ratio can be altered to
alleviate the slugging.
The offshore process equipment will consist of a three
phase separator, hydrocyclones for oily water cleanup
and a gas turbine driven compressor for gas handling.
The two phase flow (oil and gas) from the Santan
Field will be processed further at the Santan
Terminal.
CONCLUSIONS
1. All reservoir management objectives are planned
to be met through a completion strategy and well
design.
2. A small bore well design has reduced the drilling
rig requirement from a full size 4000 klb tender
rig to a smaller 1000 klb tender rig.
3. The light drilling rig and smaller surface
conductors reduce the platform design load by

approximately one fourth.
A monobore well design suitable for frequent
remedial intervention utilizing electric wire line or
snubbing units is expected to significantly reduce
future well maintenance cost.
Significant cost savings (drilling, structural etc.)
are expected to be achieved due to the optimized
field development based on completion and
maintenance considerations.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
T h e authors thank the management of
PertaminaBPPKA and Unocal Indonesia for
permission to publish this paper.
REFERENCES
A r p s , J.J., and Roberts, T.G., 1955, The Effect of the
Relative Permeability Ratio, the Oil Gravity and
349
Solution Gas-Oil Ratio on the Primary Recovery from
a Depletion Type Reservoir, Trans. AIME, 204, 120.
Boonen, P., Shook, R.A., and Brunsman, B.J., 1995,
High-Performance Tools Key to Slimhole Logging
and Perforating, Petroleum Engineer International, 45.
Dees, J.M., and Handren, P.J., 1993, A New Method
of Overbalance Perforating and Surging of Resin for
Sand Control, SPE 26545 Presented at the SPE
Annual Technical Conference Houston, Texas.
Hopmann, M., 1995, Slimhole Success Will Depend
On Completion, Workover Innovations, Petroleum
Engineer International, 45.
Turner, R.G., Hubbard, M.G., and Dukler, A.E., 1969,
Analysis and Prediction of Minimum Flow Rate for
the Continuous Removal of Liquids from Gas Wells,
Trans. AIME, 246, 1475.
350

TABLE 1
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS

I EMPHASIZE OIL PRODUCTION DURING INITIAL DEVELOPMENT

MAXIMIZE OIL PRODUCTION FROM THIN BEDDED OIL SANDS AND OIL RIMS

MINIMIZE GAS AND WATER CONING

MINIMIZE WATER PRODUCTION THROUGH PERFORATINGSTRATEGY
PROVIDE GAS LIFT

MAXIMIZE GAS PRODUCTION

MINIMIZE WATER PRODUCTION THROUGH PERFORATINGSTRATEGY AND

REDUCE LIQUID HOLD-UP WELL DESIGN

I MAINTAIN UNLIMITED FULLBORE ACCESS TO RESERVOIRS

MULTIPLE RE-COMPLETIONS
FREQUENT REMEDIAL INTERVENTIONS 1
THROUGH PERFORATINGSTRATEGY AND
WELL DESIGN

TABLE 2
WELL COMPLETION PRIORITY

COMPLETION WELL SECTION RESERVOIR

PRIORITY TYPE

A OIL ZONES UNDERSATURATED OIL

B THIN OIL RIMS SATURATED (GAS CAP) OIL
C OIL ZONES WITH OWC UNDERSATURATED OIL
D GAS ZONES GAS
E GAS ZONES WITH GWC GAS
 351

TABLE 3
POTENTIAL OIL COMPLETION INTERVALS BY W E L L
352

FIGURE 1 - Location Map

 353

FIGURE 2 - Structure Contour Map, 60-3 Horizon

 w
VI
P

W E

VELOCITY RELATIVE TO ATTAKA-26

SLOWER
1. FOOT WALL PULL-UP
(CARBONATES)
EQUAL
2. HANGING WALL PUSH-DOWN
FASTER IN FAULT SHADOW

FIGURE 3 - Velocity Model

 355

LOCAL FACIES HYDROCARBONS

I STARTIGRAPHIC
COLUMNMRKER
LITHOSTRATIGRAPHI
(SANTAN-1)
FAClES GAS OIL

SHALLOW
OPEN MARINE
TO PRODELTA

w
z
i9
e DISTAL DELTA FRONT/
PRODELITA TO
DELTA PLAIN

PRO DELTA,
W DELTA FRONT,
DISTRIBUTARY CHANNEL
2
t
TIDAL EMBAYMENT
W
0
DISTAL DELTA FRONT,
0 PRODELTA TO
I
DELTA PLAIN

E
*
W DELTA FRONT,
PRO DELTA,
c MARINE SHELF
a
4
PRODELTA TO
SHALLOW
OPEN MARINE

* Based on Santan-8 cores

I

FIGURE 4 - Santan Field Stratigraphic Column

 RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
THROUGH
PERFORATIN G STRATEGY
AND WELL DESIGN

I
1 I
JNJTJAL DEVELOPMENT FUTURE MAINTENANCE
1 ADVANTAGES 1 ADVANTAGES

SMALLER PLATFORM SLOTS (9-5/87 COMPLETION FLEXIBILITY

SMALLER PLATFORM DRILLING RIG ELECTRICAL LINE OR SNUBBING

UNITS FOR ALL REMEDIAL
REDUCED DEVELOPMENT WELL COST INTERVENTION

REDUCED PLATFORM DESIGN REDUCED WELL DOWN TIME

LOAD (BY FOURFOLD)

MAINTENANCE COST SAVINGS

FIGURE 5 - Advantages of Resetvoir Management Through a Perforating Strategy and Well Design
 357

1300'

PROPERTY UNDERSATURATED
(OIL COMPLETION)

rw (ft) 0.13
re (fi) 912
porosity 0.26
h (ft) 20
k (md) 250
swc 0.22
Pi (psi) 3167
Initial Oil Rate (bopd) 1500
Initial Gas Rate (mmscfd) -
THP (psi) 350

FIGURE 6 - Two Dimensional Single Well Model (saturated oil zone completion)
358

2000

5n 1500
loo0
500

12.00
10.00
8 .OO
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00

YEARS

FIGURE 7 - Composite Well Production Profile

 359

I TOP SAND
r 12-1/4" Hole
Drill Riserless With SW
Cement t o ML W/ 12.5 PPG Slurry

9-5/8" 47 PPF. N-80 BTC

0 600' BHL/ 800' TYD

4-. 8-1/2" Hole

N/U 3M UNIHEAD + 5M BOP
I SHELL FRAGS + CLAY Drill Directionally W/OBM

I
Cement t o ML W/ 12.5 PPG Slurry
KT = 20 BBL/ 0.82 Pai/Ft FG

I --
ISt MAJOR SAND

SAND iCLAY
SHELL FRAGS DECREASING TO ZERO
2200' TVD

N" I I
7' 28 PPF. K-55 BTC
TM
0 3.000'

TOC Q 1.000' Above Top Pay.

3500' TVD 3.500' TVD Minimum
lst LIMESTONE

SAND +CLAY
LIMESTONE STREAKS
' COAL SEAMS Drill Directionally W/OBM
4700' TVD KT = 25 Bbl W/ .75 Psi/Ft FG
U S T LIMESTONE Cement W/J2.5 PPG Slurry

6200' TVD
TOP SHALE Multiple Through Tubing Completions
Performed With Wireline Mast Unit
SAND + SHALE
Workovers Performed With Snubbing Unit
8500' TVD

SAND + SHALE
LIMESTONE STREAKS

MAXIMUM PP = 8.8 PPC

3-1/2" 9.2 PPF. N-80 TKC
8 8,000'-9.800' TM)
0 8,500'-10,700' MD

FIGURE 8 - Monobore Well Design

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