BCM ARYA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SHASTRI NAGAR, LUDHIANA

CLASS – VII
CIVICS CHAPTER-2
1. Fundamental rights are absolute essential for the all-around development of the
personality of an individual and to make life worth living. These rights are
essential for the smooth functioning of a democratic republic and for the social,
economic, political and cultural development of the nation. Fundamental rights
could make it possible for the weaker sections to express their aspirations freely
and also enjoy social dignity.
2. It becomes necessary to suspend the fundamental rights sometimes because when
the fundamental rights of one person violates the rights of others, so in order to
protect rights of everyone, these rights are suspended. These fundamental rights can
also be suspended at the time of emergency due to war, external or internal
aggression, or armed rebellion. The president is at the ultimate power to suspend
the rights of the citizens during a national, state or financial emergency. There has
been only one instance in the history that these fundamental rights have been
suspended, during the emergency between 1975 and 1977.
3. Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of
India which are guaranteed to all citizens. They are applied without
discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, etc. Significantly, fundamental
rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain conditions. These rights are
called fundamental rights because of two reasons:
 They are enshrined in the Constitution which guarantees them
 They are justiciable (enforceable by courts). In case of a violation, a person
can approach a court of law.
Right to equality and Right to freedom are two fundamental rights.
4. Right to equality and Right to Education get violated.
5. India has people of many languages, cultures and religions. In order to protect and
safeguard their culture, language and script, minorities and various cultural
groups have been granted the freedom to preserve and promote their languages
and traditions and for this reason Cultural and fundamental rights are included as
fundamental rights.
6. Five fundamental duties are as follows:
 To cherish and follow noble ideals, which inspired our struggle to freedom
 To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
 To defend the county and render national service when called upon to do so
 To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
 To safeguard all public property
 To develop scientific temper, humanism and spirit of inquiry.
7. Rights have been described as the claims of an individual, recognized by the State.
While enjoying our rights we should not forget that we have some duties towards
our society and State as well. Every right has a corresponding duty for example:
while enjoying our right to freedom of religion, it also becomes our duty to ensure
that
 others enjoy the same right as well. This is how rights and duties are two sides of the
same coin.
E. Explain Briefly
1. All the citizens living in India are equal before the law. The state cannot discriminate
against any one on the basis of gender, religion, caste, race or place of birth. No
discrimination with regard to access to shops, restaurants, public places or in the use of
wells, tanks and public transport on any basis. All citizens have equal opportunities with
regard to employment in government offices or admission to government institutions
on the basis of merit and qualifications. The practice of untouchability is a punishable
offence against human dignity. Rai Bhadur, Maharaja or nawab such titles are abolished
only, military and academic titles can be awarded.
2. The right to freedom ensures civil liberty and protects the individual form the
repressive acts of the government. All citizens of India are guaranteed six types
of freedom:
 Freedom of Speech and Expression
 Freedom to Assemble peacefully without Arms
 Right to form Association and Unions
 Right to Free Movement
 Freedom to reside or Settle in any part of India
 Freedom to practice any profession and carry on any occupation, trade
or Business.
3. The constitution provides us with an impressive list of fundamental rights. But these
rights are meaningless unless there is a court to prevent the violation of these rights by
the states, persons or a person. The Constitution guarantees people the right to move
the Court for the protection of their fundamental rights.