Appendix E

Structural Design Details

1.0 Introduction

This report deals with the methodology of the Structural Analysis and Design of Multipurpose
Municipal Building, Dhankuta Municipality, Dhankuta. The Structure is RCC frame Structure with
isolated foundation.

2.0 Geometrical Configuration

a. Nos. of Storey = Ground Floor + 2 Storey / Staircase Cover

b. Floor Height = All Floors 3.0 m
c. No of Columns = 60 at various distance as shown in drawings and Staircase
Cover
d. No. of Staircase = 1
f. Total Height of Structure = 9 m
g. Height to Width ratio of Building = 1.5
h. Length to Width ratio of Building = 2.73
3.0 Basic Data

a. Density of Concrete = 25 kN/m3

b. Live Load = 3.0 kN/m2 for Residential Floors

c. Floor Finishing Load = 1.25 kN/m2

d. Partition Load = 1.0 kN/m2

d. Density of Brick = 20 kN/m3

e. Soil Bearing Capacity = 150 kN/m2

4.0 Relevant Code followed

a. IS 456-2000 : For Design of Structural Elements

b. SP 16 : For Design Aid
c. SP 34 : For Detailing
d. IS 1893-2002: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
e. NBC 1994: National Building Code of Nepal
f. IS 2911 (part III)-1980 with amendment on 1987 for design of under- reamed pile
g. IS 13920-1993 : For Ductile Detailing of Structural Elements

5.0 Basic Principal of Analysis of the structure Step for earthquake load

1. Earthquake load with seismic coefficient method (IS 1892-2002)

2. Earthquake load with Response spectrum method (IS 1892-2002)
3. Magnification of earthquake factor in the Response spectrum method to match seismic
coefficient method
6.0 Basic Principal of Design of Foundation

Isolated foundation to support the structure with capacity to sustain dead Load

7.0 Software used for Analysis and Design

ETABS (integrated Building Design Software), Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkely,
California, USA:

8.0 Concrete and Steel Grade

Concrete Grade = M 20 for Columns, Beams, and slabs

Steel Grade = Fe 415

9.0 Preliminary Design for proportioning of the Structural Elements

The tentative sizes of the Structural elements are determined through preliminary design so that
after analysis, the presumed dimensions may not deviate considerably, thus making the final
design both safe and economical. The tentative sizes have been determined as follows:
Slab : From Deflection Criteria [Effective Depth = Effective Shorter Span / ( 26 * MF)]
Beam : For Practical rule as 25mm Depth for 300mm of Span covering deflection Criteria
Column : From evaluation of approximate gravity loading coming up to the critical Column.
To compensate for the possible eccentric Loading and earthquake loads the size is increased by
about 25 % in design.

10.0 Load on Structures

Following Loads were assumed to occur in Structural System.

a. Dead Load
b. Live Load
c. Seismic Load

a) Dead Load:
Dead Load on the structure comprise the self-weight of the member; weight of the finishes and
partition walls. The Wall Load is taken for thickness of either 250 mm as per Architectural
Drawing and suitable reduction is made for Window and Door Opening.
Dead loads are as per IS 875: 1987 Part I
As the software, we have used, generates the self weight of the Structural member by itself, we
have not calculated the self weight.
b) Live Loads:
Live loads are as per IS 875: 1987 Part II
c) Seismic Load:

For Earthquake Load, 100% of Dead Load and i) 25% of Live Load for load <3kN/sqm and ii)
50% of Live load for load >3KN/sqm are taken into account.
Seismic Coefficient method & Response spectrum method using Indian Code: IS 1893-2002 are
applied for Earthquake Analysis of the Structure and the Parameters taken are :

Importance Factor, I = 1
Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Zone V)
Soil Type = II
Response Reduction Factor = 5 (For Ordinary RC moment-resting Frame OMRF)
Damping = 0.05
11.0 Design Methods of Structural Elements
We have followed Indian Standard Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete,
IS:456 -2000 for design of Structural Elements. This incorporates the two methods of Structural
Design of RC structures specified as:
a. Working Stress Method based on the Working loads in conjunction with permissible stresses in
the materials.
b. Limit State Method based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the design
loads and design strengths of the materials. These design loads and design strengths are
obtained by applying partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of the materials
concrete and steel.
We have followed the limit state method which is incorporated in IS:456-2000. It is consistent
with the new philosophy of design termed limit state approach which was incorporated in the
Russian Code – 1954, the British code BS 8110 – 1985 and the American Code ACI 318 – 1989.

12.0 Limit State Method

 Limit States
The Limit State method of design covers the various forms of failure. There are several limit state
at which the structure ceases to function, the most important among them being,
a. The limit state of collapse or total failure of structure.
It corresponds to the maximum load carrying capacity. Violation of collapse implies failure. This
limit state corresponds to Flexure, Compression, Shear and Torsion.
b. The limit state of serviceability which includes excessive deflection and excessive local damage.
 Load Combinations in Limit State Method
Various Load Combinations are done for critical conditions.
Load Combination Load Factor
Dead Load + Live Load 1.5
Dead Load + E/Q Load + X direction 1.5
Dead Load + E/Q Load - X direction 1.5
Dead Load + E/Q Load + Z direction 1.5
Dead Load + E/Q Load - Z direction 1.5
Dead Load + Live Load +E/Q Load + X direction 1.2
 Dead Load + Live Load +E/Q Load - X direction 1.2
Dead Load + Live Load +E/Q Load + Z direction 1.2
Dead Load + Live Load +E/Q Load - Z direction 1.2
Dead Load +E/Q Load + X direction 0.9 and 1.5 respectively
Dead Load +E/Q Load - X direction 0.9 and 1.5 respectively
Dead Load +E/Q Load + Z direction 0.9 and 1.5 respectively
Dead Load +E/Q Load - Z direction 0.9 and 1.5 respectively

Analysis and Design of the Structural Elements:

The Structure is analyzed and designed by standard software ETABS v9.50.
13.0 Detailing of the Structural Elements:
The Reinforcement detailing of most of the important structural components have been shown in
drawing. They confirm with the relevant sections of the IS Codes IS 456-2000, IS 1893-2002, IS
13920:1993 For Ductile Detailing, SP-16, and SP –34 –1987.
14.0 Calculation & Output details

14.1 Static Analysis (Seismic Coefficient Method)

14.1.1 Fundamental Natural Time Period

T = 0.075* H 0. 75 for RCC Building (IS-1893 2002)
= 0.075 * 9 0. 75 = 0.389 sec

14.1.2 Design Horizontal Acceleration Spectrum

Ah = Z/2 * I/R * Sa/g

Importance Factor, I = 1

Zone factor, Z = 0.36 (Zone V)

Soil Type = II

Response Reduction Factor = 5 (For Ductile, SMRF)

Where,Sa/g = Average Response Acceleration Spectrum (Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient)

For Medium Soil Sites (II)

Sa/g = 2.50 for 0.1 <= T<= 0.55

Therefore, Ah = Z/2 * I/R * Sa/g = 0.36/2 * 1/5 * 2.50 = 0.09

14.1.3 Design Seismic Base Shear

Vb = Ah * W

where Ah = Design Horizontal Acceleration Coefficient

W = Seismic Weight of Building = (Dl+0.25%LL) For Live load <= 3 KN/m2

= (Dl+0.5%LL) For Live load > 3 KN/m2

Seismic Weight of Building, W = 2951.87 KN (From ETABS)

 Design Seismic Base Shear, Vb = Ah * W

= 0.09 * 2951.87 = 265.67 KN

14.2 Seismic Load details

(Support Reaction)
Support Reaction
Story Point Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
BASE 1 EQX -12.98 -0.53 48.23 0.98 -22.38 -0.06
BASE 2 EQX -12.99 -0.76 49.63 1.21 -22.20 -0.06
BASE 3 EQX -12.40 -0.68 49.35 1.13 -21.49 -0.06
BASE 4 EQX -13.82 0.48 -56.51 -0.90 -23.21 -0.06
BASE 5 EQX -13.80 0.70 -57.78 -1.11 -23.00 -0.06
BASE 6 EQX -13.23 0.62 -57.20 -1.03 -22.31 -0.06
BASE 7 EQX -16.18 0.37 29.59 -0.66 -25.54 -0.06
BASE 8 EQX -16.08 0.49 29.31 -0.78 -25.25 -0.06
BASE 9 EQX -15.52 0.41 25.95 -0.70 -24.57 -0.06
BASE 10 EQX -15.52 0.14 0.57 -0.24 -24.88 -0.06
BASE 11 EQX -15.45 0.18 0.53 -0.28 -24.63 -0.06
BASE 12 EQX -14.87 0.15 -0.43 -0.25 -23.92 -0.06
BASE 13 EQX -15.55 -0.11 -2.69 0.19 -24.92 -0.06
BASE 14 EQX -15.48 -0.14 -2.60 0.22 -24.66 -0.06
BASE 15 EQX -14.90 -0.12 -1.76 0.20 -23.95 -0.06
BASE 16 EQX -15.87 -0.35 -19.21 0.62 -25.23 -0.06
BASE 17 EQX -15.80 -0.46 -19.03 0.72 -24.97 -0.06
BASE 18 EQX -15.21 -0.38 -15.95 0.65 -24.26 -0.06
Summation 0, 0, Base EQX -265.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 -2287.92 793.01

Support Reaction
Story Point Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
BASE 1 EQY -1.86 -16.94 -52.71 30.41 -3.28 -0.48
BASE 2 EQY 0.23 -22.38 -37.02 35.78 0.41 -0.48
BASE 3 EQY 1.64 -18.31 89.75 31.77 2.89 -0.48
BASE 4 EQY -2.10 -7.64 -29.37 13.80 -3.52 -0.48
BASE 5 EQY 0.24 -10.19 -12.25 16.32 0.43 -0.48
BASE 6 EQY 1.85 -8.32 41.65 14.47 3.10 -0.48
BASE 7 EQY -2.42 -9.45 -20.89 16.68 -3.84 -0.48
BASE 8 EQY 0.29 -12.41 -17.39 19.60 0.47 -0.48
Support Reaction
Story Point Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ

BASE 9 EQY 2.14 -10.22 38.26 17.44 3.38 -0.48

BASE 10 EQY -2.33 -11.61 -32.98 20.40 -3.74 -0.48
BASE 11 EQY 0.28 -15.16 -21.12 23.89 0.46 -0.48
BASE 12 EQY 2.05 -12.52 54.12 21.29 3.30 -0.48
BASE 13 EQY -2.35 -13.66 -40.80 24.00 -3.76 -0.48
BASE 14 EQY 0.27 -17.82 -25.71 28.10 0.45 -0.48
BASE 15 EQY 2.07 -14.70 66.46 25.03 3.32 -0.48
BASE 16 EQY -2.40 -15.67 -58.57 27.57 -3.81 -0.48
BASE 17 EQY 0.28 -20.47 -32.54 32.31 0.46 -0.48
BASE 18 EQY 2.12 -16.84 91.12 28.73 3.36 -0.48
Summation 0, 0, Base EQY 0.00 -254.30 0.00 2190.02 0.00 -2456.98

Support Reaction
Story Point Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
BASE 1 DEAD -0.74 0.81 150.22 -0.84 -0.75 0.00
BASE 2 DEAD -0.51 -0.49 179.78 0.43 -0.53 0.00
BASE 3 DEAD -0.44 -0.26 106.29 0.21 -0.46 0.00
BASE 4 DEAD 0.40 0.80 90.68 -0.81 0.38 0.00
BASE 5 DEAD 0.48 -0.50 116.05 0.47 0.45 0.00
BASE 6 DEAD 0.20 -0.23 59.32 0.21 0.16 0.00
BASE 7 DEAD 0.32 0.93 154.52 -0.94 0.30 0.00
BASE 8 DEAD 0.41 -0.61 194.53 0.58 0.38 0.00
BASE 9 DEAD 0.40 -0.32 107.52 0.29 0.37 0.00
BASE 10 DEAD -0.04 0.95 177.91 -0.96 -0.06 0.00
BASE 11 DEAD -0.32 -0.62 222.29 0.58 -0.34 0.00
BASE 12 DEAD -0.29 -0.37 123.45 0.34 -0.32 0.00
BASE 13 DEAD 0.05 0.94 181.19 -0.96 0.03 0.00
BASE 14 DEAD 0.08 -0.62 220.75 0.58 0.05 0.00
BASE 15 DEAD 0.06 -0.37 121.24 0.33 0.03 0.00
BASE 16 DEAD 0.01 0.94 218.40 -0.97 -0.01 0.00
BASE 17 DEAD -0.04 -0.63 258.06 0.58 -0.06 0.00
BASE 18 DEAD -0.02 -0.37 152.33 0.33 -0.05 0.00
14.3 Maximum Storey Displacement & Storey Drift

Diaphragm CM displacement

Story Diaphragm Load UX UY UZ RX RY RZ Pt. X Y Z

STAIRCASE
0.011 0.000316 0 0 0 0.000077 106 14.65 3.04 12
COVER D4 EQX
0.008 0.000024 0 0 0 0.000045 107 8.40 3.04 9
STORY3 D3 EQX
0.006 0.000007 0 0 0 0.000034 108 8.08 2.85 6
STORY2 D2 EQX
0.003 0.000001 0 0 0 0.000016 109 7.95 2.87 3
STORY1 D1 EQX

Diaphragm CM displacement
`
Story` Diaphragm Load UX UY UZ RX RY RZ Pt. X Y Z

STAIRCASE
0.000077 0.015 0 0 0 0.000504 106 14.65 3.04 12
COVER D4 EQY
0.000071 0.009 0 0 0 0.000476 107 8.40 3.04 9
STORY3 D3 EQY
0.000105 0.007 0 0 0 0.000307 108 8.08 2.85 6
STORY2 D2 EQY
0.000044 0.003 0 0 0 0.000135 109 7.95 2.87 3
STORY1 D1 EQY

Story Drift
Story Item Load Point X Y Z Drift X Drift Y
STAIRCASE
COVER Max Drift X EQX 16 12.9 0 12 0.000837
STAIRCASE
COVER Max Drift Y EQX 3 16.4 6 12 0.000023
STORY3 Max Drift X EQX 16 12.9 0 9 0.000822
STORY3 Max Drift Y EQX 2 16.4 3.6 9 0.000031
STORY2 Max Drift X EQX 16 12.9 0 6 0.001076
STORY2 Max Drift Y EQX 3 16.4 6 6 0.000051
STORY1 Max Drift X EQX 16 12.9 0 3 0.000953
STORY1 Max Drift Y EQX 3 16.4 6 3 0.000046

Story Drift
Story Item Load Point X Y Z Drift X Drift Y
STAIRCASE
COVER Max Drift X EQY 16 12.9 0 12 0.000029
 STAIRCASE
COVER Max Drift Y EQY 3 16.4 6 12 0.000899
STORY3 Max Drift X EQY 16 12.9 0 9 0.000180
STORY3 Max Drift Y EQY 3 16.4 6 9 0.001387
STORY2 Max Drift X EQY 16 12.9 0 6 0.000183
STORY2 Max Drift Y EQY 3 16.4 6 6 0.001662
STORY1 Max Drift X EQY 16 12.9 0 3 0.000144
STORY1 Max Drift Y EQY 3 16.4 6 3 0.001364

As per IS 1893-2002, the storey Drift Limitation in any Storey due to minimum Design Lateral Force shall
not exceed 0.004 times the Storey height(H)

Here, H = 3000mm, the permissible Storey Drift = 0.004*3000 = 12.0 mm > 4.983 mm (Actual Storey
Drift), Therefore, Safe.

15.0 Design of Foundation

Foundation design
Data
Mu from ETABS 58.294 KN-m
Factored moment Mu max 58.294 KN-m
Pu 359.534 KN
Factored Load Pu 359.534 KN
Allowable Bearing capacity of soil 150 KN/m2
Assume Unit weight of soil, We 20 KN/m3
Assume angle of repose 30 degree
fck, M20 20 N/mm2
fy 415 N/mm2
Column size long side 0.3 m
Column size short side 0.3
P/A + M/(Z/6) = SBC 138.33 <150 OK
P/A - M/(Z/6) = SBC 50.89
Breadth of footing 2 m
Length of footing 1.9 m

Depth of footing 0.833

Adopted depth 1.225 m

Footing dimension
Area of footing 2.4 sqm
L=B= 1.55 m
Adopted L = B = 1.9 m

Thickness of footing
a) base on moment
Net ultimate upward soil pressure, Pu net 100 KN/m2
Width of pedestal 400 mm
Mu max ultimate 28.125 KN-m
Xu, l/d, for grade Fe 415 0.479
Depth of footing 116 mm

b) based on shear
i. Depth of footing (One way shear) 0.16 m
Depth of footing 160 mm

Depth of footing (Two way shear)

Vu, Max = Pu (LB -(lp+d)(bp+d))
bo = 4 x (bp+d)
Tc =0.25 x squareroot of fck 1.12 N/mm2
ii. Depth of footing (Based on Two way
shear) 0.116861 mm
-0.62778
Depth of footing (Two way shear) 117 mm
Therefore the depth of the footing is
governed by one way shear, d = 160 mm
Clear cover 50 mm
assume diameter of re bar 16 mm
Total depth, D 218 mm
Adopted depth 200 mm
effective depth 142 mm
From SP-16, Design Aid IS 456-1978 0.959
Ast 1361.78
Diameter of bar 12 mm
Area of bar 113 mm2
Nos of bar 13.05 no.
say 13 no.
Spacing of bar 77 mm
Adopted spacing of bar 100 mm
16. Design of Elements

16.1 Column Design

The Column Sizes provided are 300 x 300.

Column Column Maximum Area of Steel Required

Area of Steel Provided(mm2)
Name Size (mm2) from ETABS
Column 1 300*300 8-16Ø 1608.495 1487
Column 2 300*300 4-16Ø + 4-12Ø 1256.637 1219
Column 3 300*300 4-16Ø + 8-12Ø 1709.026 1682
Column 4 300*300 12-16Ø 2412.743 2077
16.2 Beam Design
The Beam Sizes provided are 425 x 250, 375 x 250

Beam Max area of steel

name Beam size Area of steel provided(mm2) required from ETABs
Beam1 top 425*250 3-16Ø 603.19 456
bottom 3-16Ø 603.19 435
Beam2 top 375*250 4-12Ø 452.39 313
bottom 4-12Ø 452.39 288
TB1 top 300*250 2-16Ø 402.12 288
bottom 2-16Ø 402.12 288
 TB2 top 250*250 2-16Ø 402.12 288
bottom 2-16Ø 402.12 288

17. Free Vibration (Model Analysis)

Free Vibration Model Analysis)
(Model Participation Mass Ratio)%
Mode UX UY UZ SumUX SumUY SumUZ
1 0.591654 58.11514 0 0.591654 58.11514 0
2 85.45341 1.879672 0 86.04506 59.99481 0
3 1.68028 27.64517 0 87.72534 87.63998 0
4 0.675234 5.002604 0 88.40057 92.64259 0
5 6.167755 0.729158 0 94.56833 93.37174 0
6 0.228456 0.727107 0 94.79678 94.09885 0
7 0.123445 3.681535 0 94.92023 97.78039 0
8 3.719534 0.152904 0 98.63976 97.93329 0
9 0.058531 0.645698 0 98.6983 98.57899 0
10 0.373074 1.02017 0 99.07137 99.59916 0
11 0.866908 0.397793 0 99.93828 99.99695 0
12 0.061722 0.003049 0 100 100 0

The number of modes taken is 12

After 12 modes, the modal Participation Mass Ratio comes out to be 100 % ≥ 90%

As per IS 1893-2002, the sum total of Modal mass of all modes considered should be 90% of the Total
Seismic Mass. So, the number of modes taken for Modal Analysis is adequate.