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1. Comparing the Effectiveness of Story Therapy and Music Therapy
on Anxiety in Primary School Students.
By: Mohammadi, Abbas; Arshadrad, Maede. Iranian Evolutionary Educational Psychology Journal.
Dec2023, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p71-83. 13p. Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present investigation was to
draw a comparison between the efficacy of story therapy and music therapy in alleviating anxiety
among primary school students in the city of Ilam. Methods: The present study employed a semi-
experimental approach, utilizing a pre-testpost-test design with a control group. The target population
for this research consisted of second-year students attending elementary schools in Ilam in the year
2022. The sample size comprised 63 individuals, selected through accessible sampling, and were
randomly assigned to three groups (21 students per group, with two experimental groups and one
control group). The anxiety questionnaire developed by Najarian et al. (2014) was utilized as the
research instrument. The experimental groups underwent eight sessions of story therapy training and
twelve sessions of music therapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data
were analyzed using analysis of covariance (p < 0.05) with the assistance of SPSS software. Results:
The findings revealed that both story therapy and music therapy were effective in reducing students'
anxiety. Also, according to the findings, there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of
the two interventions on reducing anxiety. Conclusions: Consequently, these findings hold valuable
implications for educators, child psychologists, and families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI:
10.22034/5.4.71. (AN: 174432837), Database: Arab World Research Source

Subjects: MUSIC therapy; ANALYSIS of covariance; ANXIETY; SCHOOL children; ILAM (Iran)

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2. Effects of music therapy on degree of cooperation with anesthesia
induction and preoperative anxiety in children with simple congenital
heart disease: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.
By: Liu, Haoyu; Song, Xiaojin; Xiong, Lu; Zhang, Liyun; Luo, Bingquan; Liu, Siling. PLoS ONE.
12/27/2023, Vol. 18 Issue 12, p1-8. 8p. Abstract: Background: Anxiety is a common preoperative
symptom in children with simple congenital heart disease (SCHD). Music therapy shows potential as a
non-drug intervention. However, it is unclear how it impacts the level of cooperation during the induction
of anesthesia and preoperative anxiety, as well as the factors that influence its effectiveness.
Therefore, we will conduct a comprehensive review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of music
therapy on the level of cooperation during anesthesia induction and preoperative anxiety in children
with SCHD. Methods: Electronic searches will be conducted through various databases including
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, and CNKI to gather randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
examining the impact of music therapy on the level of cooperation during anesthesia induction and
preoperative anxiety among children with SCHD. Two evaluators will independently review the
literature, extract information, and assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Afterwards, data
analysis will be conducted using Stata 14.0 software and Revman 5.4 software. The results will be
based on random-effects models. The reliability and quality of evidence will be evaluated by using the
Grading of Recommendations, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Heterogeneity will be
examined by subgroup analysis stratified by age, gender ratio, type of surgery, drop-out rate,
measurement tools, and country of origin. We will assess potential publication bias using funnel plot
symmetrical and Begg's ang Egger's regression tests. Discussion: Given the multiple advantages that
may be associated with music therapy, this therapy may be a desirable alternative to existing
therapies for preoperative cooperation and anxiety issues in children with SCHD. We hope that this
systematic review will guide clinical decision-making for future efforts related to coping with preoperative
fit and anxiety in children with SCHD. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42023445313. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023445313.
[ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296287. (AN: 174475275), Database:
Academic Search Complete

Subjects: MUSIC therapy; CONGENITAL heart disease; RANDOM effects model; COUNTRY of origin
(Immigrants); INDUCED ovulation; ANESTHESIA; ANXIETY; VENTILATION

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3. Effects of Music Therapy Combined with Progressive Muscle
Relaxation on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Adult Women
with Methamphetamine Dependence: Study Protocol for a
Randomized Controlled Trail.
By: Wang, Linan; Zhuang, Shumei; Zhou, Xueying; Liu, Jingjing. International Journal of Mental Health
& Addiction. Oct2023, Vol. 21 Issue 5, p3215-3232. 18p. Abstract: This study attempted to assess the
influence of music therapy combined with progressive muscle relaxation on relieving anxiety and
depression symptoms in methamphetamine-dependent adult women. It was a randomized controlled
trial including 133 methamphetamine-dependent adult women recruited to participate in an 8-week
rehabilitation program in the rehabilitation center of a psychiatric hospital. Participants in the control
group were only treated by routine medical care, while participants in the study group received music
therapy combined with progressive muscle relaxation based on routine medical care. Demographic and
clinical data of these participants were collected at baseline, and anxiety and depression scores were
collected at baseline and after 8 weeks intervention. Seven participants left halfway of the study, and the
final available data in the study group and the control group were both 63. After 8-week intervention,
anxiety and depression scores in the study group were less than those of the control group (p < 0.001).
In addition, the decline of anxiety and depression scores after 8 weeks intervention in the study group
was more than those in the control group (p < 0.001). These findings recommended that the music
therapy combined with progressive muscle relaxation would be considered as a safe, noninvasive, and
effective rehabilitation therapy for adult women with methamphetamine dependence. Trial registration
number: ChiCTR-ROC-15006327. Date of registration: 2015/03/20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI:
10.1007/s11469-022-00786-1. (AN: 172866454), Database: Academic Search Complete

Subjects: MUSIC therapy; MENTAL depression; RESEARCH protocols; ANXIETY;

METHAMPHETAMINE; TRAIL Making Test

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4. Listening to music during intranasal (es)ketamine therapy in
patients with treatment-resistant depression correlates with better
tolerability and reduced anxiety.
(English) By: Hauser J; Sarlon J; Liwinski T; Brühl AB; Lang UE, Frontiers in psychiatry [Front
Psychiatry], ISSN: 1664-0640, 2024 Jan 23; Vol. 15, pp. 1327598; Publisher: Frontiers Research
Foundation; PMID: 38322143;
Background: Although the effectiveness of (es)ketamine for therapy-resistant depression (TRD) has
been established, potential treatment-limiting factors include side effects like dissociation, anxiety, or
elevated blood pressure. Music can reduce stress and negative emotions as anxiety. This study aimed
to investigate the impact of listening to music during intranasal (es)ketamine administration on both
tolerability and efficacy.
Methods: Records of 494 sessions (of 37 patients) with intranasal (es)ketamine administration, each
containing data of blood pressure measurements, DSS-IV (dissociation symptoms scale-IV), anxiety
and euphoria analogue scale, MADRS (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale) and BDI (Beck's
Depression Inventory) were evaluated.
Results: The between-group analysis, comparing participants who listened to music with those who did
not, revealed significant differences in the administered dose ( p -value: 0.003, mean: 131.5 mg with
music vs. 116.7 mg without music), scores on the DSS Item 1 ( p -value: 0.005, mean: 3 points vs. 2.4
points), levels of anxiety ( p -value: <0.001, mean: 0.4 points vs. 1.4 points), and measurements of
maximal systolic blood pressure after administration ( p -value: 0.017, mean: 137.9 mmHg vs. 140.3
mmHg). Listening to music had no impact on the MARDS-change score between the sessions.
Limitations: Key limitations include a non-randomized naturalistic design and the non-standardized
selection of music, which was based on individual patient preferences.
Conclusion: Listening to music during intranasal (es)ketamine therapy appears to be linked to
reduced anxiety and lower blood pressure, stable or increased dissociation levels, and improved
tolerance for higher doses. These findings could potentially contribute to the optimization of
(es)ketamine therapy, both in terms of treatment efficacy and managing side effects.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any
commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Copyright © 2024 Hauser, Sarlon, Liwinski, Brühl and Lang., Database: MEDLINE

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5. Preliminary results of the effect of music therapy treatment on
anxiety, sadness, physical discomfort, mood, and quality of life in
hospitalized onco-haematological patients.
(English) By: Martí P; Fontanals I; Funtané J; Canaletas C; Sierra J; Rodés M; Mercadal-Brotons M;
González I; Novelli S, BMC psychology [BMC Psychol], ISSN: 2050-7283, 2023 Dec 05; Vol. 11 (1), pp.
425; Publisher: BioMed Central; PMID: 38053219;
Background: Physical and psychological distress may occur in patients facing an onco-haematological
diagnosis and undergoing complex therapies such as intensive chemotherapy, stem cell
transplantation, and immunotherapy. Studies have shown the need for incorporating different
therapeutic modalities to respond to patients' physical and psychosocial needs.
Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy treatment on
mood, anxiety, depression, and physical discomfort in hospitalized onco-haematological patients.
Methods: Forty patients were included in this music therapy study from November 2021 to May 2023.
Treatment consisted of individual weekly music therapy sessions. Participants completed the following
evaluation instruments before and after the intervention: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
(HADS), Profile of Mood States-Short Form A-Version (POMS-A), and European Organization for
Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Core Questionnaire-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). A three-
item numerical rating scale (NRS) for anxiety, sadness, and physical discomfort was administered at
the beginning and end of each session (pre-/postsession).
Results: Differences (p < 0.05) were shown in NRS scores for anxiety, sadness, and physical
discomfort before and after the music therapy sessions. Quality of life (QoL) was affected in almost all
items, and patients could be anxious at a nonclinical level, but they were clinically depressed. EORTC
QLQ-C30 scores for insomnia and pain related to the hospitalization process got worse after discharge.
Conclusions: The interim results of our study showed that music therapy sessions can positively
change emotional distress and improve the mood of haematological patients after every session.
Despite the difficulties and limitations of this study, this preliminary report contributes to a greater
understanding of the potential benefits of music therapy in hospitalized onco-haematological patients.
© 2023. The Author(s)., Database: MEDLINE

Subjects: Quality of Life; Music Therapy methods; Humans; Sadness; Depression psychology;
Anxiety therapy; Anxiety psychology

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6. Exploring the effect of music therapy as intervention to reduce
anxiety pre- and post-operatively in CABG surgery: A quantitative
systematic review.
(English) By: Wu L; Yao Y, Nursing open [Nurs Open], ISSN: 2054-1058, 2023 Dec; Vol. 10 (12), pp.
7544-7565; Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; PMID: 37823363;
Aim: Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery may experience psychological
complications, which can increase mortality. This review aims to explore the efficacy of music therapy
as an intervention to reduce anxiety pre- and post-operatively in CABG surgery.
Design: This was a quantitative systematic review registered in PROSPERO (REDACTED).
Methods: This review used the PECOD framework to identify quantitative questions. We systematically
searched seven electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL,
MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, PsycArticles, and PsycInfo) for articles published between 1 January
1992 and 13 July 2022. Studies were critically appraised, and the results of this systematic review
yielded a narrative summary of the findings.
Results: Four randomized control trials and one quasi-experimental study published in English were
included in the review. Narrative analysis indicated that patients undergoing CABG who were assigned
to the group receiving music therapy reported significantly reduced anxiety levels compared with
controls who did not listen to music. In addition, music therapy can effectively be used as a non-
pharmacological intervention to manage anxiety pre- and post-operatively in CABG surgery. No
members of the public or patients were involved in the design or conduct of the study.
© 2023 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Database: MEDLINE

Subjects: Music Therapy methods; Music psychology; Humans; Anxiety prevention & control;
Anxiety Disorders; Coronary Artery Bypass adverse effects

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7. Analysis of the Effect of Music Therapy Interventions on College
Students with Excessive Anxiety.
By: Liu, Sha; Li, Genqiang. Occupational Therapy International. 3/24/2023, p1-11. 11p. 9 Charts, 5
Graphs. Abstract: In order to explore and analyze the effect of music therapy interventions on college
students with excessive anxiety, this paper selected 240 year 2017- to year 2020-enrolled
undergraduates from a comprehensive university in Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, in Central China as
research objects. These college students had been diagnosed as excessive anxiety and were randomly
divided into two groups—intervention group and control group—with 120 students in each group. The
control group received conventional mental health treatment for college students, while the intervention
group received music therapy interventions on this basis with 3 times a week for 24 times. The
instruments used in the music therapy include piano, percussion instruments, melodic instruments,
and diffuse instruments; the specific implementation of each therapy is divided into five parts: warm-up,
rhythm percussion, song singing, instrumental ensemble, and music appreciation. The study results
show that before treatment, the excessive anxiety score of college student in the control group was 63-
76 with an average score of 72.58 ± 5.27 ; after treatment, that was 45-64 with an average score of
54.46 ± 6.82 ; before treatment, the excessive anxiety score of college student in the intervention group
was 62-78 with an average score of 72.56 ± 5.51 ; after treatment, that was 26-44 with an average
score of 33.19 ± 5.51. Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the excessive anxiety
scores between the two groups of college students (P > 0.05); after treatment, the excessive anxiety
scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the reduction degrees in the
intervention group were bigger than those in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P
< 0.05). Therefore, music therapy interventions can significantly reduce the excessive anxiety of
college students; the analysis also shows that factors such as gender, grade, major, origin, repertoire
type, therapy type, and anxiety type could affect the effect of music therapy interventions to some
certain extent. For example, the effect of music therapy interventions on college students in
psychology or related majors is better than that of students in other majors; the effect of receptive
music therapy is better than that of creative and improvised music therapy; the effect of music
therapy interventions on college students' life event, romantic relationship, and social anxiety is better
than that on college students' test and job-hunting anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI:
10.1155/2023/3351918. (AN: 162730015), Database: Academic Search Complete

Subjects: ANXIETY treatment; COLLEGE students; MUSIC therapy; TREATMENT effectiveness;

UNDERGRADUATES; EXPERIENCE; SOCIAL anxiety; T-test (Statistics); RESEARCH funding;
STATISTICAL sampling; DATA analysis software; CHINA; Marketing Research and Public Opinion
Polling

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8. Effect of music therapy intervention on anxiety and pain during
percutaneous renal biopsy: a randomized controlled trial.
(English) By: Giordano F; Mitrotti A; Losurdo A; Esposito F; Granata A; Pesino A; Rossini M; Natale P;
Dileo V; Fiorentino M; Gesualdo L, Clinical kidney journal [Clin Kidney J], ISSN: 2048-8505, 2023 Oct
06; Vol. 16 (12), pp. 2721-2727; Publisher: Oxford University Press; PMID: 38046004;
Background: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) may subject patients to emotional distress and pain
before and during the biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of complementary/non-
pharmacological interventions such as music therapy (MT) on anxiety, pain and satisfaction in renal
patients undergoing PRB.
Methods: A prospective, single-centre, single-blind, randomized controlled two-arm trial was conducted.
Patients ≥18 years of age, hospitalized at the Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit (Bari, Italy)
and scheduled for PRB were screened. Participants were assigned to standard treatment (CG) or to the
music therapy (MT) intervention group. Participants in the MT group received standard care and an MT
intervention by a certified music therapist qualified in guided imagery and music. The CG patients
received the standard of care. MT and CG patients were subjected to identical measurements (pre/post)
of the parameters in the State Trait Anxiety Inventory Y1 (STAI-Y1), visual analogue scale for pain
(VAS-P) and satisfaction (VAS-S) and heart rate variability.
Results: A statistically significant difference in the anxiety scores after PRB between MT and CG
patients (STAI-Y1 35.4 ± 6.2 versus 42.9 ± 9.0) was observed. MT also had strong and significant
effects on VAS-P compared with CG (5.0 ± 1.4 versus 6.3 ± 1.3, respectively; P < .001) and VAS-S
(7.8 ± 1.0 versus 6.0 ± 0.9, respectively; P < .001). Decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous
system and increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system was observed after PRB in the
MT group.
Conclusion: Our study supports the use of MT to mitigate the psychological anxiety, pain and
sympathetic activation associated with PRB.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the ERA., Database:
MEDLINE

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9. Awareness and Attitude of Dental Practitioners on Impact of Music
Therapy on Patients Anxiety Level during Various Types of Dental
Treatments.
(English) By: Mitra M; Panda A; Kumar H; Mishra P; Adhikary T; Bhattacharyya A, Journal of pharmacy
& bioallied sciences [J Pharm Bioallied Sci], ISSN: 0976-4879, 2023 Jul; Vol. 15 (Suppl 1), pp. S524-
S528; Publisher: Medknow Publications; PMID: 37654421;
Music therapy plays an important role in reducing the anxiety of patients during various procedures of
dental treatments. Dental practitioners should also be aware of the employment of music therapy on
patients before various dental treatments to reduce dental anxiety and the feasibility of its
implementation in regular dental practice. A questionnaire study was conducted regarding the
awareness and attitude of dental practitioners on the impact of music therapy on dental patients, to
which 305 participants responded. A comparison was made between the Undergraduates,
Postgraduates, Faculties, Interns, and Private practitioners. They were also asked about the drawbacks
associated with music therapy. There was a level of agreement amongst participants regarding the
awareness of music therapy. But there was a statistically significant difference ( p = 0.011) noted
across groups. The majority of the participants agreed that it could be incorporated into a regular dental
practice as a stress management procedure.
Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.
Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences., Database: MEDLINE

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10. Effects of music therapy on anxiety in patients with cancer: study
protocol of a randomised controlled trial.
(English) By: Sun C; Sang S; Tang Y; Niu X; Yoo HS; Zhou P; Liu H; Gong Y; Xu L, BMJ open [BMJ
Open], ISSN: 2044-6055, 2023 May 29; Vol. 13 (5), pp. e067360; Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd;
PMID: 37247967;
Introduction: Although music therapy (MT) has been found to reduce anxiety in patients with cancer
and delay tumour progression to some extent, its mechanism of action has not been determined. MT
may reduce anxiety by reducing the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines. The present study
was designed to evaluate the effects of MT on anxiety and cytokine levels in patients with cancer.
Methods and Analysis: This randomised, open, single-centre parallel-controlled trial will randomise 60
patients with malignant tumours who meet the inclusion criteria in a 1:1 ratio to either an MT group or a
non-MT (NMT) group. Patients in the MT group will receive emotional nursing care and individualised
receptive MT for 1 week, whereas patients in the NMT group will receive emotional nursing care alone.
Primary outcomes will include scores on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Distress Thermometer and
Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Secondary outcomes will include scores on the Quality of Life Questionnaire
C30, serum concentrations of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-
6, IL-8 and IL-10, serum concentrations of the neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine,
norepinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone and γ-aminobutyric acid, and determination of gut
microbiota populations.
Ethics and Dissemination: On 5 August 2020, the study protocol was approved by the Research
Ethics Committee of the Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of
the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The findings of this study will be published in
peer-reviewed publications and presented at appropriate conferences.
Trial Registration Number: CTR2000035244.
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-
use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ., Database: MEDLINE

Subjects: China; Music Therapy; Neoplasms complications; Neoplasms therapy; Humans; Quality of
Life; China; Anxiety therapy; Cytokines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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11. Improvement in Patient Satisfaction and Anxiety With Perioperative
Music Therapy in Patients Undergoing Total Abdominal
Hysterectomy: A Single-Blind Prospective Study.
(English) By: Shukla A; Kaushik N; Hemlata H; Verma R; Gautam S; Singh GP, Cureus [Cureus], ISSN:
2168-8184, 2023 May 26; Vol. 15 (5), pp. e39519; Publisher: Cureus, Inc; PMID: 37378174;
Introduction Listening to music is a safe and low-cost way to reduce preoperative anxiety among
patients, but more research is needed to evaluate its effectiveness fully. Aims The aim of the study is to
identify the effect of intraoperative music therapy on the visual analogue scale for anxiety (VASA)
scores (VASA 1 and VASA 2) and patient satisfaction score (PSS) perioperatively. Methods In a study of
188 patients aged 40-70, those in group A (94 patients) listened to pre-approved music during their
surgery for abdominal hysterectomy, while group B (94 patients) did not. Both groups wore noise-
cancelling earphones. VASA was recorded before (VASA 1) and after (VASA 2) the surgery. PSS was
recorded in the postoperative ward. Music preferences were kept confidential from the investigator
recording the scores. Result The two groups of patients had similar demographic profiles and baseline
characteristics. The VASA 1 of both groups was similar, with a mean value of 4.36 ± 1.13 for group A
and 4.23 ± 1.05 for group B (p = 0.606). However, group A had lower VASA 2 (1.79 ± 0.83) than group B
(3.77 ± 0.98). The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The patient satisfaction score in
group A was notably higher than those in group B. A total of 52 patients were highly satisfied in group A
as compared to none in group B (p < 0.001), and a total of 42 patients were moderately satisfied as
compared to eight patients in group B (p < 0.001). Eighty-six patients in group B were unsatisfied.
Conclusion According to our research, playing specific music at the right volume can significantly lower
anxiety levels and increase patients' satisfaction scores for those who have had abdominal
hysterectomy surgeries.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Copyright © 2023, Shukla et al., Database: MEDLINE

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12. Effect of Preoperative Music Therapy Versus Intravenous
Midazolam on Anxiety, Sedation and Stress in Stomatology
Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.
(English) By: Giordano F; Giglio M; Sorrentino I; Dell'Olio F; Lorusso P; Massaro M; Tempesta A;
Limongelli L; Selicato L; Favia G; Varrassi G; Puntillo F, Journal of clinical medicine [J Clin Med], ISSN:
2077-0383, 2023 Apr 29; Vol. 12 (9); Publisher: MDPI AG; PMID: 37176656;
Background: Patients undergoing surgery and general anesthesia often experience anxiety, fear and
stress, with negative bodily responses. These may be managed by the pre-procedural application of
anxiolytic, analgesic, and anesthetic drugs that have, however, potential risks or side effects. Music
therapy (MT) can be used as a complementary no-drug intervention alongside standard surgical care
before, during and after medical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of
preoperative MT intervention compared to premedication with midazolam on levels of anxiety, sedation
and stress during general anesthesia for elective stomatology surgery.
Methods: A two-arm randomized and controlled single-center, parallel-group, pre-post event study was
conducted. In total, 70 patients affected by stage I or II (both clinically and instrumentally N0) micro-
invasive oral cancer and undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia were assigned to the
control group (CG) or to the music therapy group (MTG). MTG patients received preoperative music
therapy intervention (MT) from a certified music therapist before surgery, while the CG patients did not
receive MT but instead received premedication with intravenous midazolam, 0.02 mg/kg. Anesthesia
was the same in both groups. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and
heart rate (HR) were recorded at the entrance to the operating room, just before the induction of
anesthesia and every 5 min until the end of surgery. An anxiety visual analogues scale (A-VAS) was
used to evaluate the level of anxiety. The bispectral index (BIS) monitor was used to measure the
depth of sedation just before and 10 min after both music intervention and midazolam administration.
Stress response was assessed 5 min before and 20 min after surgery via the control of plasma prolactin
(PRL), growth hormone (GH), and cortisol levels. The patient global impression of satisfaction (PGIS)
was tested 1 h after surgery. Participants in the MTG were asked to answer 3 questions concerning
their experience with MT.
Results: No statistical differences among the PRL, GH and cortisol levels between the two groups were
registered before and after the treatment, as well as for PAS, PAD and HR. Significant differences in the
A-VAS scores between the MTG and CG ( p < 0.01) was observed. Compared to the CG, MTG patients
had a statistically significantly lower BIS score ( p = 0.02) before induction. A PGIS score of 86.7%
revealed that patients in the MTG were very satisfied, versus 80% in the CG ( p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Preoperative music therapy could be an alternative to intravenous midazolam when
aiming to promote a preoperative and post-operative state of anxiolysis and sedation in stomatology
surgery, even if no differences were found in terms of the surgery-related stress response according to
physiological and hormonal determinations., Database: MEDLINE

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13. Telehealth-Based Music Therapy Versus Cognitive Behavioral
Therapy for Anxiety in Cancer Survivors: Rationale and Protocol for
a Comparative Effectiveness Trial.
(English) By: Liou KT; McConnell KM; Currier MB; Baser RE; MacLeod J; Walker D; Casaw C; Wong G;
Piulson L; Popkin K; Lopez AM; Panageas K; Bradt J; Mao JJ, JMIR research protocols [JMIR Res
Protoc], ISSN: 1929-0748, 2023 Apr 27; Vol. 12, pp. e46281; Publisher: JMIR Publications; PMID:
37103999;
Background: Cancer survivors represent one of the fastest growing populations in the United States.
Unfortunately, nearly 1 in 3 survivors experience anxiety symptoms as a long-term consequence of
cancer and its treatment. Characterized by restlessness, muscle tension, and worry, anxiety worsens
the quality of life; impairs daily functioning; and is associated with poor sleep, depressed mood, and
fatigue. Although pharmacological treatment options are available, polypharmacy has become a
growing concern for cancer survivors. Music therapy (MT) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are
evidence-based, nonpharmacological treatments that have demonstrated effectiveness in treating
anxiety symptoms in cancer populations and can be adapted for remote delivery to increase access to
mental health treatments. However, the comparative effectiveness of these 2 interventions delivered via
telehealth is unknown.
Objective: The aims of the Music Therapy Versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Cancer-related
Anxiety (MELODY) study are to determine the comparative effectiveness of telehealth-based MT
versus telehealth-based CBT for anxiety and comorbid symptoms in cancer survivors and to identify
patient-level factors associated with greater anxiety symptom reduction for MT and CBT.
Methods: The MELODY study is a 2-arm, parallel-group randomized clinical trial that aims to compare
the effectiveness of MT versus CBT for anxiety and comorbid symptoms. The trial will enroll 300
English- or Spanish-speaking survivors of any cancer type or stage who have experienced anxiety
symptoms for at least 1 month. Participants will receive 7 weekly sessions of MT or CBT delivered
remotely via Zoom (Zoom Video Communications, Inc) over 7 weeks. Validated instruments to assess
anxiety (primary outcome), comorbid symptoms (fatigue, depression, insomnia, pain, and cognitive
dysfunction), and health-related quality of life will be administered at baseline and at weeks 4, 8 (end of
treatment), 16, and 26. Semistructured interviews will be conducted at week 8 with a subsample of 60
participants (30 per treatment arm) to understand individual experiences with the treatment sessions
and their impact.
Results: The first study participant was enrolled in February 2022. As of January 2023, 151 participants
have been enrolled. The trial is expected to be completed by September 2024.
Conclusions: This study is the first and largest randomized clinical trial to compare the short- and long-
term effectiveness of remotely delivered MT and CBT for anxiety in cancer survivors. Limitations
include the lack of usual care or placebo control groups and the lack of formal diagnostic assessments
for psychiatric disorders among trial participants. The study findings will help guide treatment decisions
for 2 evidence-based, scalable, and accessible interventions to promote mental well-being during
cancer survivorship.
International Registered Report Identifier (irrid): DERR1-10.2196/46281.
©Kevin T Liou, Kelly M McConnell, M Beatriz Currier, Raymond E Baser, Jodi MacLeod,
Desiree Walker, Camila Casaw, Greta Wong, Lauren Piulson, Karen Popkin, Ana Maria Lopez,
Katherine Panageas, Joke Bradt, Jun J Mao. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols
(https://www.researchprotocols.org), 27.04.2023., Database: MEDLINE

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14. Online group music therapy: proactive management of
undergraduate students' stress and anxiety.
(English) By: Finnerty R; McWeeny S; Trainor L, Frontiers in psychiatry [Front Psychiatry], ISSN: 1664-
0640, 2023 Apr 21; Vol. 14, pp. 1183311; Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation; PMID: 37151974;
Introduction: In alignment with the World Health Organization's (WHO) goal to provide comprehensive
and integrated mental health services in community-based settings, this randomized control trial
explored the efficacy of online group music therapy as a proactive intervention for reducing stress and
anxiety in university students who do not necessarily have a diagnosis.
Methods: The study took place during COVID-19 restrictions. Students who volunteered were randomly
assigned to 6 weeks of weekly (1) online active group music therapy, (2) online receptive group music
therapy, (3) online group verbal therapy (standard of care), or (4) no-intervention (control group).
Students rated their stress (Likert scale) and anxiety [State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, State version
(STAI-S)], and provided heart rate variability (HRV) using a phone app, pre and post each therapy
session.
Results: STAI-S and Likert stress scores significantly reduced from pre to post 45-min online music
therapy sessions, with moderate evidence that these changes did not differ from the standard of care
(verbal therapy). HRV results were not analyzed statistically as HRV collection was likely compromised
due to challenges of remote collection. Students completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and
provided a hair sample for cortisol analysis before and after the 6-week intervention. Changes in stress
from week 1 to week 6 were not observed in the PSS measure; however, cortisol increased significantly
in the control group as the term progressed, while it remained relatively stable in the therapy groups,
suggesting therapy may lead to greater control of stress. Of participants' demographic characteristics,
music sophistication, personality, and changes in quality of life, only the personality trait of
conscientiousness correlated significantly with PSS, suggesting online group therapy may be beneficial
for a wide range of university students.
Discussion: The results suggest group music therapy can be as effective as group verbal therapy.
Further, the study indicates that online delivery can be achieved effectively, supporting the idea that
remote therapy may be a viable option for other populations. While the study should be replicated with
a larger multi-site sample, it provides one example toward achieving a health-promoting culture on
university campuses, consistent with the mental health goals of the Okanagan Charter.
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any
commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
Copyright © 2023 Finnerty, McWeeny and Trainor., Database: MEDLINE

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15. The effect of music therapy on anxiety and pain in patients
undergoing prostate biopsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
(English) By: He H; Li Z; Zhao X; Chen X, Complementary therapies in medicine [Complement Ther
Med], ISSN: 1873-6963, 2023 Mar; Vol. 72, pp. 102913; Publisher: Elsevier; PMID: 36581055;
Objectives: This study aims to explore the effect of music therapy on pain, anxiety and physiologic
parameters in patients undergoing prostate biopsy.
Design and Setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Interventions: Five databases were systematically searched. The included studies reported
randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of music therapy and non-music therapy on pain,
anxiety, and physiologic parameters in patients undergoing prostate biopsy. The random-effects meta-
analyses were performed for data synthesis.
Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was pain; secondary outcomes included anxiety and
physiologic parameters.
Results: We analyzed seven eligible studies involving 662 males undergoing prostate biopsy. We
synthesized the mean difference between music and control groups in different outcomes. Compared
with control groups, music therapy reduced pain (visual analog scale score, mean difference [95% CI]:
-0.92 [-1.68 to -0.17], P = 0.017, low quality) and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory equivalent
scale score, mean difference [95% CI]: -4.37 [-7.72 to -1.03], P = 0.010, low quality) after the prostate
biopsy. In terms of the physiological parameters, music therapy only slightly reduced heart rate, but not
blood pressure and respiratory rate after the prostate biopsy.
Conclusions: Low quality of evidence showed that music therapy during prostate biopsy might reduce
pain and anxiety. However, a good standard of music intervention was lacking. Cost-effective analyses
are warranted to better delineate the value of music therapies for prostate biopsy.
Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved., Database:
MEDLINE

Subjects: Music Therapy; Male; Humans; Prostate pathology; Anxiety therapy; Pain etiology; Biopsy

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16. Music Therapy: A Noninvasive Treatment to Reduce Anxiety and
Pain of Colorectal Cancer Patients-A Systemic Literature Review.
(English) By: Huang E; Huang J, Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) [Medicina (Kaunas)], ISSN: 1648-9144,
2023 Mar 01; Vol. 59 (3); Publisher: MDPI; PMID: 36984483;
Background and Objectives: Music interventions have been used for patients with cancer to meet their
psychological, physical, social, and spiritual needs. This review identified the efficacy of music therapy
among adult patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: We searched the
PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Only randomized controlled studies
reported in English of patients with CRC were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data on
patients and intervention measurements. The main outcomes included pain, anxiety, quality of life,
mood, nausea, vomiting, vital signs. Results: A total of 147 articles were identified from the search. A
total of 10 studies were included in the review. Nine out of the ten studies (90%) showed statistically and
clinically significant improvements across the outcome variables. Only one study (10%) found no
significant positive effect from music therapy in any of the measured outcomes. Among the seven
studies measuring pain as an outcome, four studies (57%) demonstrated that music therapy reduced
pain. Three studies (75%) showed that MT reduced anxiety. Conclusions: This systemic review
indicates that music therapy might help reduce pain and anxiety for cancer patients, including those
with colorectal cancer, who are receiving treatment in palliative care, inpatient care and outpatient care
settings., Database: MEDLINE

Subjects: Music Therapy; Colorectal Neoplasms complications; Colorectal Neoplasms therapy; Adult;
Humans; Quality of Life; Anxiety therapy; Pain

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17. The Effect of Music Therapy on the Pain and Anxiety Levels of
Patients Experiencing Wound Healing by Suturing in the Emergency
Wards.
(English) By: Hedayati J; Bagheri-Nesami M; Elyasi F; Hosseinnataj A, Anesthesiology and pain
medicine [Anesth Pain Med], ISSN: 2228-7531, 2023 Feb 25; Vol. 13 (1), pp. e132943; Publisher:
Brieflands; PMID: 37409003;
Background: A patient experiences high pain and anxiety during laceration healing. One of the non-
pharmacological methods of pain and anxiety relief is using music.
Objectives: This study was outlined to examine the impact of music therapy on the pain and anxiety
levels of patients experiencing wound healing by suturing in the emergency wards.
Methods: The study population for this randomized controlled clinical trial was all patients aged 18 - 65
years who were referred to the Emergency Ward of Imam Khomeini and Buali Sina hospitals, Sari, Iran,
to suture the hand or foot. Thirty people were included from each group in the study. In the intervention
group, traditional Iranian wordless music (Peyk Sahar track) was played with headphones from when
the patient was placed on the bed for suturing to the end, and the duration was recorded. In the control
group, sutures were made according to the usual procedure. The pain level was measured by a visual
analog scale in two stages before washing and immediately after the anesthetic injection. Moreover, the
anxiety level was assessed in three steps, before washing the wound, after the end of the anesthetic
injection, and immediately after suturing. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 22.
Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, such as Exact
Fisher's test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon, were used to describe and analyze the variables.
Results: The mean pain before washing the wound (before music therapy) and after the end of the
anesthetic injection was not significantly different between the intervention group (5.38 ± 1.31 and 3.71
± 1.98, respectively) and the control group (5.31 ± 1.69 and 4.60 ± 2.31, respectively) (P = 0.27 and
0.057, respectively). The mean anxiety before washing the wound, after the end of anesthesia injection,
and immediately after finishing the suture was 3.37 ± 0.89, 2.73 ± 1.23, and 1.27 ± 0.52 in the
intervention group, and 3.50 ± 0.97, 3.07 ± 1.33, and 2.07 ± 1.14 in the control group, respectively. The
mean anxiety at all three times was significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.001).
Conclusions: The study results indicated that music therapy lowered pain without a statistically
significant difference. However, music therapy significantly reduced anxiety. Therefore, it is
recommended to use music therapy to reduce pain and anxiety in patients.
Competing Interests: Conflict of Interests: Funding or Research support: Mazandaran University of
Medical Sciences. Employment: Bagheri, Eliasi, and Netah are members of the academic faculty of the
university. Hedayati is a senior student of emergency nursing. Personal financial interests: There is no
personal financial interest in this study. Stocks or shares in companies: There is nothing in this regard.
Patents: There is nothing personal or professional relations with organizations and individuals (parents
and children, wife and husband, and family relationships): Except for Hedayati, the rest of the authors
are members of the scientific faculty of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Unpaid
membership in a government or non-governmental organization: Bagheri is a member of the World
Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS), Beijing, China. Are you one of the editorial
board members or a reviewer of this journal? No.
Copyright © 2023, Author(s)., Database: MEDLINE

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18. Significance of music therapy in treating depression and anxiety
disorders among people with cancer.
(English) By: Eseadi C; Ngwu MO, World journal of clinical oncology [World J Clin Oncol], ISSN: 2218-
4333, 2023 Feb 24; Vol. 14 (2), pp. 69-80; Publisher: Baishideng Publishing Group; PMID: 36908676;
Globally, cancer cases and mortality have recently escalated and have attracted global concern. The
clinical diagnosis and manifestation of cancer can result in significant mental health issues like
depression and anxiety disorders. The tendency of people with cancer to suffer from psychological
disorders such as anxiety and depression is usually high. A significant number of deaths related to
cancer may likely not be from the killer disease but from psychological disorders associated with the
illness. The utilization of music as a remedial approach to healing mental disorders cannot be
overstated. Thus, identifying the impacts of music therapy in dealing with depression and anxiety
disorders among people with cancer is relevant, as the majority of methods used in treating cancer have
some side effects which may trigger psychological disorders in cancer patients. Ultimately, this study
explored the significance of music therapy in treating depression and anxiety disorders among people
with cancer. To achieve the aim of this study, the authors employed a narrative literature review to
investigate the significance of music therapy in addressing depression and anxiety disorders among
people with cancer. The type of literature review employed in this study is to provide an understanding
of the selected research papers. The review found that music therapy significantly reduces depression
and anxiety disorders among breast cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer
patients. It is needful for healthcare providers to incorporate music therapy interventions while treating
people with cancer. This will help reduce cancer deaths resulting from psychological disorders rather
than the killer disease, cancer. However, the standardized procedures and evaluation criteria for
applying music-based intervention strategies in oncology medicine still need to be further established
and improved.
Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the author declare no conflict of interests for
this article.
©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.,
Database: MEDLINE

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19. Music therapy for pain and anxiety in patients after cardiac valve
replacement: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
(English) By: Dong Y; Zhang L; Chen LW; Luo ZR, BMC cardiovascular disorders [BMC Cardiovasc
Disord], ISSN: 1471-2261, 2023 Jan 18; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 32; Publisher: BioMed Central; PMID:
36650441;
Objective: This study aimed to assess how listening to music after cardiac valve replacements affected
patients' pain, anxiety, and vital signs.
Method: In Fuzhou, China's Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, the cardiac surgery division
conducted a randomized controlled clinical experiment. 86 patients were enrolled, and 43 were
assigned randomly to each group (control and experimental group). The standard treatment was given
to the control group, while the experimental group was given standard treatment + a 15-min music
intervention 3 times. Indicators include pain, anxiety and vital signs (respiratory rate, heart rate, and
blood pressure).
Results: In comparison to the control group, the experimental group, over time, demonstrated a
statistically substantial decrease in pain, anxiety, systolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate
(all P < 0.001), yet, there were no discernible variations (P > 0.05) in diastolic blood pressure.
Conclusions: In conclusion, these results provide additional proof for using music therapy to minimize
cardiac postoperative pain and anxiety, as well as systolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory
rate. Moreover, it should be regarded as a supplementary treatment for pain and anxiety after cardiac
valve replacement and other medical procedures with comparable postoperative pain.
© 2023. The Author(s)., Database: MEDLINE

Subjects: Music Therapy methods; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Humans; Anxiety diagnosis;
Anxiety etiology; Anxiety prevention & control; Heart Rate physiology; Pain, Postoperative diagnosis;
Pain, Postoperative etiology; Pain, Postoperative prevention & control; Heart Valves

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20. Music therapy and aromatherapy on dental anxiety and fear: A
randomized controlled trial.
(English) By: Janthasila N; Keeratisiroj O, Journal of dental sciences [J Dent Sci], ISSN: 2213-8862,
2023 Jan; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 203-210; Publisher: Elsevier B.V; PMID: 36643242;
Background/purpose: Dental anxiety and fear in children are major public health concerns. This study
aimed to determine the effectiveness of music therapy combined with aromatherapy, in reducing the
children's dental anxiety and fear.
Materials and Methods: A total of 128 school-age children aged 10-12 years were randomly allocated
into 4 groups: a control group with 32 volunteers, an experimental group that received music therapy,
with 33 volunteers, an aromatherapy experimental group with 31 volunteers, and 32 volunteers in an
experimental group with music therapy combined with aromatherapy.
Results: The results found that within-group comparisons before and after the experiment revealed the
outcomes with a statistically significant change at the 0.05 level of each group as follows. The control
group had increased heart rate. The music therapy group showed decreased dental anxiety and fear
and systolic blood pressure. The aromatherapy experimental group exhibited increased oxygen
saturation. The experimental group receiving music therapy combined with aromatherapy showed
decreased dental anxiety and fear, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as
increased oxygen saturation values. In addition, it was found that music therapy combined with
aromatherapy had a co-influence on dental anxiety and fear (F = 22.22, P < 0.001) and oxygen
saturation (F = 17.40, P < 0.001), and the two main treatments also significantly influenced these
outcomes at the 0.05 level.
Conclusion: The results showed that music therapy in combination with aromatherapy reduced
children's anxiety and fear of dental services better than a single treatment.
Competing Interests: The authors have no conflict of interest relevant to this article.
© 2022 Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Publishing services by
Elsevier B.V., Database: MEDLINE

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 21. A 10-minute Music Therapy Decreases Prework Anxiety Level in
Nurses during SARS-CoV- 2 Omicron Pandemic.
By: You Sian Lee; Chia-Chun Wu; Chia-Jung Li; Chien-Hua Tseng; Yi-Nuo Shih. Taiwanese Journal of
Psychiatry. Jan-Mar2023, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p53-55. 3p. Abstract: Objectives: Many nurses feel anxious
before starting to work during SARS-CoV-2 omicron pandemic. How to reduce prework anxiety level in
nurses is an important issue. In this study, we intended to explore the effect of a 10-minute music
intervention on prework anxiety in nurses during the Omicron COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A
randomized controlled trial was conducted to measure the anxiety level of 60 nurse participants at a
hospital before starting to work. We randomized 60 study participating nurses into three groups who
listened to no music, fast-tempo music, and slow-tempo music for 10 min each day before going to
work. Results: Nurses who listened to 10-min music, whether fast or slow, before work had significantly
lower anxiety level than those who experienced no music in this study (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This 10-
min music intervention designed for nurses is a feasible and time-saving method during the omicron
COVID-19 epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] DOI: 10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_6_23. (AN:
171851502), Database: Academic Search Complete

Subjects: MUSIC therapy; ANXIETY; NURSES; COVID-19 pandemic; RANDOMIZED controlled trials

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German University in Cairo

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