MPE-412

THERMAL
POWER PLANTS
 Lecures 4 hours

Tutorial 2 hours
Course hrs. / week
Laboratory 1 hour

Total number of hours = 7 hours

 • Definition of load and duration curves, and different terms
for fluctuating loads on power plants and their
applications and effects on energy cost.

• Realizing of the basic aspects of selection of plant

Course Objectives: location, type of prime movers, capacity of generating
units, and their numbers to fit a given load curve.

• Analysis of different economic aspects, performance and

operating characteristics and load division among various
units and base and peak plants and cost of electricity and
apply to real engineering problems.
 • Recognizability of the principles of various types of boiler
draught systems and apply these principles to design the
chimney of the boiler and evaluation of the power of
draught fans.
Course Objectives:
• Realizing the basic aspects of air pollution by thermal
power plants and estimation of the ground level
concentration of pollutants from chimney and its
maximum and position
Chapter 1
Variable Load on Power Plants and
Power Plants Economics

Chapter 2
Station Performance and characteristics
and General Economic problems

Chapter 3
Draught System

Chapter 4
Air Pollution
Chapter 1
Variable Load on Power Plants and Power Plants
Economics

1.1 : Introduction
1.2 : Load Curves
1.3 : Important Terms and Factors
1.4 : Plant Location ( Site Selection Criteria )
1.5 : Equipment Cost
1.6 : Steam and Fuel Consumption Load Curves
1.7 : Selection of Number of units to fit load curve
1.8 : Operating Schedule
1.1 : Introduction

• The Load required by the consumer does not remain

constant with respect time and it fluctuates according to
his requirements ( activities ) . The result of this variation
in load is never constant rather it varies from time to
time .

• The cost of generation of energy depends upon the load

required and the cost of equipment .

• The design of the components of power plants such as

prime mover , generality feeders , transformers and
substation is deponent on the connected loads
The structure of an elementary electric power system
Primemover
s

Distribution
sub-stations

Transmission
line

220 kV/11kV 11 kV/220kV Alternator

Transformer Transformer s
1.2 : Load Curves
1.2.1 Load – Curve
• It is a curve showing the variation of power with time.
• It shows the value of a specific load for each unit of the period covered.
• The unit of time considered may be hour, days, weeks, months or years.
1.2 : Load Curves

1.2.1 Load – Curve

• Load curves are useful in :

• Predicting the annual requirements of energy and capacity of the power

plant

• Deciding the economical sizes of generation units

• Estimating the generation cost

• Reflecting the activities of the consumers

1.2 : Load Curves

Types of load curves :

• Daily load curve: ( 24 hrs )

Load Variation during the whole day . The Loads are recorder either half- hourly or hourly
and plotted against time

• Monthly load curve and weekly load curve : ( 7*24=168 hours) (30*24=720 hours)
Load curves obtained from daily load curves .

• Yearly or Annually load curve : ( 365*24=8760 hours)

load curve obtained from the monthly load curves of a particular year .
1.2 : Load Curves

Area Under
curve

minor variation wide fluctuations

1.2 : Load Curves

1.2.2 Load Duration Curve

• Load duration curve is simply a

re-arrangement of daily load
curve with loads set up in
descending order of magnitude

• The area under the load duration

curve is equal to that of
corresponding load – curve
1.2 : Load Curves

1.2.3 Consumers Loads Examples

• Domestic Consumers :

• Residential load of lights , fans ,

appliances such as radios , TVs
heaters , refrigerators , washing
M/c , air conditioners , etc .
1.2 : Load Curves

1.2.3 Consumers Loads Examples

• Commercial Consumers :

• Non-residential premises , such as

shops , hotels public and business
offices , club etc . The load mainly
consists of lights , fans and small
electric appliances .
1.2 : Load Curves

1.2.3 Consumers Loads Examples

• Industrial Consumers :

• Industrial consumers may be

categorized small, medium and
large consumers according to the
rating of loads.

• Small : < 20 Kw
• Medium : 20-100 kW
• Large : >100 kW
1.2 : Load Curves

1.2.3 Consumers Loads Examples

• Traction Loads:

• This types of load includes

tramcars, trolley bus, railways,
metro, etc.
• This class of load has wide
variation.
1.2 : Load Curves

1.2.3 Consumers Loads Examples

• Municipal Loads:

• It consists of street lighting, power

required for water supply and
drainage purpose.
1.2 : Load Curves

1.2.3 Consumers Loads Examples

• Irrigation Loads:
• Consumers drawing power up to
20 kW for irrigation units are
categorized as agricultural
consumers.
• supplies load for 12hr from 10 PM
to 10 AM