Microcontroller Vs FPGA What Are Their Differences and Similarities

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Microcontroller Vs FPGA: What are their Differences and Similarities?
A microcontroller shares some similarities with a field programmable grid
array (FPGA). However, some differences exist between both programs.
While both are basically integrated circuits embedded in devices and
products, there are some evident differences between these two.
Electrical engineers and hobbyists use FPGA and microcontrollers.
These two items can be programmed in such a way that they can perform
some particular functions. However, each of these items is ideal for use in
different applications. FPGA users can program its hardware immediately
after manufacture while microcontrollers can be customized in a higher
level. Furthermore, microcontrollers are capable of reading one line of
code once which FPGAs can only handle parallel inputs.
FPGAs are much more difficult to program and expensive since they
enable a higher level of customization. On the other hand,
microcontrollers are easy to customize and cost-effective. There are more
differences between these two integrated circuits. Knowing their
differences helps you decide what is suitable for your project. Read
further to know their differences and similarities.
Request PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Quote Now
Table of Contents
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What is a Microcontroller?
A microcontroller can be described as integrated circuits or a small
computer which features similar elements with other computers. It has
a central processing unit (CPU), output devices, and some random-access
memory (RAM). However, it is different from a desktop computer which is
capable of running various programs. A microcontroller is a
special-purpose device that can only carry out one program at a time.
It can perform one function repeatedly or at a user request.
Microcontrollers are usually embedded in other devices, irrespective of
the type of product. Also, this small computer can run on low energy and
as such its power consumption is in milliamps. Due to its low power

consumption, a microcontroller is very affordable. However, the device
the microcontroller is embedded in can vary in cost.
Microcontrollers are being used in our everyday life. They are everywhere.
These small computers or integrated circuits are embedded in various
devices like consumer devices, medical devices and other types of devices.
They are embedded in consumer devices like fax machines, monitors,
copiers, keyboards, telephones, printers, microwaves, microwaves, and
more.
Also, microcontrollers are commonly embedded in devices such as car
engine control systems, implantable medical devices, traffic lights, and
power tools. Each microcontroller serves a specific purpose. It can use a
feedback control system to operate automatically just like the ones used
in traffic lights. Also, it can as well function at user request like pressing
a button or flipping a switch. A good example of this is your washing
machine and microwave.
What is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)?
A field-programmable gate array functions in a much more
complicated manner compared to a microcontroller. In an FPGA
microcontroller, a chip is usually pre-programmed. Therefore, users can

change software, but can’t change the hardware. Therefore, users can
configure the hardware after purchase.
FPGAs are useful for prototyping application-specific integrated
circuits. Intel makes use of a form of FPGA microcontroller as this helps in
streamlining the prototyping process. FPGAs are also embedded in
devices and these devices can be altered without any need for a new
hardware.
FPGAs comprise an array of integrated circuits. These arrays are
programmable logic blocks. FPGAs aren’t usually configured to serve a
particular function at the point of manufacturing. Users can decide to
configure and reconfigure it as they want. The configuration process
involves using a hardware description language (HDL). FPGAs come with
logic blocks which users can combine with interconnects.
The FPGAs used today feature a lot of RAM blocks and logic gates in order
to enable complex computations. The hardware description languages
used in configuring or reconfiguring the IC are Verilog and VHDL. An FPGA
has memory components which include simple flip-flops and complete
memory blocks.
What are the Similarities Between Microcontroller Vs FPGA

Microcontrollers and FPGAs serve similar basic functions. These items are
developed in such a way that a manufacturer or end-user can determine
how they function. FPGAs and microcontrollers serve some particular
functions and are designed to be embedded within other devices or
products. These two integrated circuits are versatile and as such they are
widely used in different applications. These integrated circuits make
everything easier thanks.
Microcontrollers and FPGAs have similar appearance. These two
integrated circuits are flat iny chips with several programmable
pins. Basically, they are small computers, specially programmed to serve
distinct function. Therefore, both integrated circuits can’t function as a
personal or desktop computer. They rather follow commands to carry out
a function at various levels of complexity.

There are other basic similarities between a microcontroller vs FPGA. The
basic components of FPGA and microcontroller are similar. A
microcontroller and an FPGA function by using binary and computer logic.
An integrated circuit comprises semiconductor materials. It is capable of
storing data and performing calculations. This circuit can make use of
an analog or a digital technology. Some FPGAs can switch from analog to
digital technology. Digital technology integrates binary logic.
Customization
In terms of customization, microcontrollers and FPGAs can be
programmed after manufacture. This means that an end-user or a
manufacturer can customize their function and as well embed them as
required. FPGAs can be customized to a large extent and as such they are
ideal for complicated applications. However, a microcontroller is more
suitable for simpler applications.
What is Difference Between Microcontroller vs FPGA?
Microcontrollers and FPGAs are different in terms of their level of
complexity and customization. Also, these two integrated circuits vary as
regards ease of use and price. Basically, an FPGA enables better
customization and retroactive changes to hardware. The process of

customizing an FPGA is more complex. Therefore, an FPGA
microcontroller user requires more knowledge and skill.
Microcontrollers are very easy to use and are less costly. It is an ideal
option for most beginners or hobbyists. However, FPGAs are more
suitable for engineering companies. Another difference between an FPGA
and a microcontroller is that a microcontroller has a fixed hardware
structure while an FPGA doesn’t.
FPGAs comprise logic cells alongside interconnects which can be
programmed by making use of HDL coding. Since FPGAs aren’t predefined,
users can alter them based on their applications. On the other hand,
microprocessors have no fixed hardware structure. This indicates that the
processor, connections, memory, and peripheral devices of
microprocessors are predefined.
Also, you can easily program the process to carry out a defined task.
Characteristics of Microcontrollers

Xilinx Zynq fpga
Microcontrollers feature some characteristics which make them distinct.
These characteristics include:
Ease of use
A microcontroller is very easy to use. This is why beginners and hobbyist
prefer to use microcontroller. To program a microcontroller, you only
need a to have a basic understanding of coding. Also, you can integrate an
assembly language such as python or Javascript to program a
microcontroller. Coding language like Javascript is very easy to learn
through online courses.
Ideal for simple applications
Microcontrollers can carry out simple tasks and as such are suitable for
simple applications. For example, when using a laundry machine, you only
need to make two or three settings and you are good to go. Also, a

computer mouse can only interpret some inputs like right click, scroll up,
left click, and scroll down. Therefore, a microcontroller is embedded in
such devices.
Affordability
Since microcontrollers are very easy to produce in large quantities, they
are less expensive than FPGA. Therefore, they are ideal for use in some
applications. Also, they are a perfect choice for hobbyists.
Characteristics of FPGAs
Requires skill to integrate
It isn’t easy to program an FPGA. Users need skill to program FPGA. You
don’t only need a knowledge of a coding language, but the skill to track
large amounts of variables. Furthermore, you need a understanding of a
hardware description language (HDL). Therefore, this isn’t an ideal option
for beginners as they can’t redesign and redesign hardware.
Enable Parallelism
There are thousands of logic blocks in an FPGA. All of these logic blocks
can be programmed based on your needs. You can create processes
without anyone depending on one another.
Higher level of customization

One of the characteristics of FPGA is that it enables users to do more. Also,
FPGAs offer a greater level of customization. This means users can
program more complicated processes. Therefore, an FPGA is allows more
customization than a microcontroller.
Suitable for complex applications
FPGAs are designed for parallel processes. They allow you to integrate
more inputs without having any issues. Therefore, FPGAs are suitable for
complex applications.
Expensive
FPGAs are more expensive than microcontrollers and as such they aren’t
cost-effective.
Enable alteration
After the initial programming of an FPGA hardware, you can still make
changes. This allows users to easily change the function of a device
without the need to replace its hardware. Therefore, this is beneficial for
mass-producing industries.
Which is Better for PCBs: Microcontroller or FPGA?

PCBs have conductive layers and such require connections. However,
more connections are required if a PCB has more conductive layers. For
instance, a six layer board features more conductive layers than a
two-layer board. PCB assembly requires technical know-how and skill.
Either FPGAs or microcontrollers can be used in circuit boards based on
certain factors.
Level of complexity
FPGAs can perform several lines of code and as such, enables parallel
processes. This is crucial for highly advanced applications. Also, an FPGA is
capable of performing simultaneous operations and handling more
complex inputs. However, FPGAs need more accuracy and timing to
function appropriately. A little mistake can mess up the whole system.
Microcontrollers, on the other hand, is capable of reading one code at a
time. They only process commands one by one. In as much as this can
result in bottlenecking problems, there are advantages. Microcontrollers

are very easy to reprogram and program. An FPGA can make a simple task
more complicated. Repairs will be more complicated if there are any
mistakes during an FPGA programming.
Budget
When choosing between an FPGA and a microcontroller, an important
factor you need to consider is cost. FPGAs are usually more expensive
than microcontrollers. Therefore, if you want to program something
simple like a temperature sensor, a microcontroller is a better option.
FPGAs are usually expensive at the initial cost, but their expenses reduce
later, particularly when they are produced in large quantities.
Level of expertise
A beginner doesn’t need an FPGA since it is very complex to program.
Assembly languages are much easier to learn than Hardware Description
Language. Since FPGA require a higher level of customization, users need
more technical skill. FPGAs are ideal for engineers and designers since it
offers then a good level of customizability.
Retroactive alteration
Sometimes, you have to alter your application’s hardware for some
reasons. In such cases, an FPGA will be a good choice. FPGAs allow

retroactive alteration and as such, is highly preferred among several
industries.
Microcontroller Vs FPGA Power Consumption
Microcontrollers consume less power compared to FPGAs. The high
power consumption of FPGAs is a major concern for engineers. One major
problem of FPGAs is that they can go beyond their power limitations and
as such aren’t ideal for all applications.
Furthermore, FPGAs are suitable for prototyping and emulation. However,
they aren’t as efficient as some components. Due to the unused
transistors in FPGAs, they consume high power. Also, extended signal
paths increase the consumption of power.
Microcontrollers consume less power than FPGAs. Most microcontrollers
have power-saving or idle modes. Therefore, they are a perfect choice.

While some microcontrollers feature sleep currents below 1 µA. It is
impossible to find an FPGA that has low power requirements. The majority
of FPGA systems integrate a microcontroller on the PCB for power
efficiency.
Conclusion
FPGA and microcontroller are integrated circuits commonly integrated by
hobbyists and engineers. Microcontrollers are very easy to use and are
less costly. It is an ideal option for most beginners or hobbyists. However,
FPGAs are more suitable for engineering companies. Microcontrollers can
carry out simple tasks and as such are suitable for simple applications.
Also, FPGAs offer a greater level of customization. This means users can
program more complicated processes.
We have discussed a lot of differences and similarities between
microcontrollers and FPGAs. With this information, you can now choose
which is suitable for your project.
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RAYMING PCB & ASSEMBLY

Microcontroller Vs FPGA: What are their Differences and Similarities?

A microcontroller shares some similarities with a field programmable grid

array (FPGA). However, some differences exist between both programs.

While both are basically integrated circuits embedded in devices and

products, there are some evident differences between these two.

Electrical engineers and hobbyists use FPGA and microcontrollers.

different applications. FPGA users can program its hardware immediately

after manufacture while microcontrollers can be customized in a higher

level. Furthermore, microcontrollers are capable of reading one line of

code once which FPGAs can only handle parallel inputs.

enable a higher level of customization. On the other hand,

microcontrollers are easy to customize and cost-effective. There are more

differences between these two integrated circuits. Knowing their

further to know their differences and similarities.

Request PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Quote Now

PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Services https://www.raypcb.com/

A microcontroller can be described as integrated circuits or a small

computer which features similar elements with other computers. It has

a central processing unit (CPU), output devices, and some random-access

memory (RAM). However, it is different from a desktop computer which is

capable of running various programs. A microcontroller is a

It can perform one function repeatedly or at a user request.

Microcontrollers are usually embedded in other devices, irrespective of

as such its power consumption is in milliamps. Due to its low power

PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Services https://www.raypcb.com/

consumption, a microcontroller is very affordable. However, the device

the microcontroller is embedded in can vary in cost.

These small computers or integrated circuits are embedded in various

They are embedded in consumer devices like fax machines, monitors,

copiers, keyboards, telephones, printers, microwaves, microwaves, and

Also, microcontrollers are commonly embedded in devices such as car

engine control systems, implantable medical devices, traffic lights, and

power tools. Each microcontroller serves a specific purpose. It can use a

a button or flipping a switch. A good example of this is your washing

machine and microwave.

What is a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)?

A field-programmable gate array functions in a much more

complicated manner compared to a microcontroller. In an FPGA

microcontroller, a chip is usually pre-programmed. Therefore, users can

PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Services https://www.raypcb.com/

configure the hardware after purchase.

FPGAs are useful for prototyping application-specific integrated

circuits. Intel makes use of a form of FPGA microcontroller as this helps in

streamlining the prototyping process. FPGAs are also embedded in

FPGAs comprise an array of integrated circuits. These arrays are

programmable logic blocks. FPGAs aren’t usually configured to serve a

particular function at the point of manufacturing. Users can decide to

configure and reconfigure it as they want. The configuration process

involves using a hardware description language (HDL). FPGAs come with

logic blocks which users can combine with interconnects.

to enable complex computations. The hardware description languages

used in configuring or reconfiguring the IC are Verilog and VHDL. An FPGA

has memory components which include simple flip-flops and complete

Request PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Quote Now

What are the Similarities Between Microcontroller Vs FPGA

PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Services https://www.raypcb.com/

developed in such a way that a manufacturer or end-user can determine

how they function. FPGAs and microcontrollers serve some particular

functions and are designed to be embedded within other devices or

widely used in different applications. These integrated circuits make

everything easier thanks.