Name: Quiz(Applications of Transformer)

Distribution System and Substation Design March 25,2023

Solve for the following problems.

Open Circuit Test on Transformers

Pcore =Po.c=Peddy+Physteresis PcoreF.L.=PcoreN.L.
Pe 1 f1
Peddy=Ke(f𝛽m)2=Ke(Eg)2 =¿( ¿2
Pe 2 f2
Eg1.6 Ph 1 f 1
Physteresis=Khf 𝛽m1.6=Kh( ) =
f 0.6 Ph 2 f 2

Short Circuit test on Transformers

PcuF.L. =Psc=I12Re1=I22Re2
VArate Esc Psc
Isc=Ip= Ze= Re= Xe=(√ Ze 2−ℜ2)
E1 Isc Isc 2

Per Unit Values

MVAnew KVold 2 Vbase 2
Zpunew=Zpuold( )( ) Zbase=
MVAold KVnew Sbase
I 2ℜ2 PcuFL Psc I 1 ℜ1 ℜ1
%R= = = = =
V 2 rate VArate VArate V 1 rate Zbase
I 1 Ze 1 I 2 Ze 2 Esc Zactual
%Z= = = =
V 1 rate V 2 rate Vrate Zbase
I 1 Xe 1 I 1 Xe 2 Xe 1
V 1 rate V 2 rate Zbase √
%X= = = = %Z 2−%R 2

Voltage Regulation
E 2−V 2 VN . L .−VF . L.
%VR= = =√ ( cosθ+ %R ) 2+ ( sinθ± %X ) 2-1=%Rcos𝜃±%Xsin 𝜃
V2 VF . L.

1.A short circuit test was performed upon a 15-kVA, 2400/240-volt

transformer with the following results: Esc=150 volts, Psc=240 W,
Isc=6 A. Calculate in primary terms the reactance of the
transformer.
2.The following data were obtained when a short circuit test was
performed upon a 50 kVA, 3600/240 volts distribution transformer:
Esc=108 volts, Isc=52 A, Psc=1,200 W. All instruments are on the
high side during the short circuit test. Calculate the equivalent
resistance and reactance on the transformer. Calculate the Percent
regulation at a Power Factor of 0.85 lagging.
3.A short circuit test was performed on a 75 kVA, 2400/240 V single-
phase transformer. With the secondary winding short circuited, full
load current flows in the primary winding with 200 V applied on it.
The wattmeter connected in the primary reads 400 W. Determine the
terminal voltage on full load unity p.f.
4. A 100-kVA transformer with impedance of 6% and the power factor
of the load is 80%. The primary voltage is 4000 volts while the
copper loss is 5.5 kW. Find the percent regulation.
5. A short circuit test was performed upon a 15-kVA, 2400/240 volt
transformer with the following results: Esc=200 volts, Psc=250
W,Isc=9A. Calculate the percent regulation at a lagging power factor
of 0.80.
6. 150 kVA, 7200/720 V, 60 Hz single-phase transformer operating at
rated conditions has the following losses: Hysteresis Loss=650 W,
Eddy Current Loss=400 W and Copper Loss=2000 W. If this transformer
is to be used on a 50 Hz system. Determine its new kVA rating.
Assume the total losses and maximum core flux.
7. When a 180 V, 60Hz is applied to the primary winding of
transformer, the core loss is 300 W. When 45 V, 30Hz is applied the
core loss is 25 W. Determine the core loss when 230 V, 30 Hz is
applied to the primary winding.
8. The eddy current and hysteresis losses of a 5,500-V, 60Hz single-
phase distribution transformer are 350 and 700 watts, respectively.
Determine the core loss when the transformer is connected across a
3,600-volt, 50Hz source.
9. In a 460 V, 60 c/s transformer, the total iron loss is 3000 W.
When the supplied voltage is 230 V at 30c/s, the corresponding loss
is 700 W. Calculate the eddy current loss at normal frequency and
voltage.
10. When a 2400V, 60Hz is impressed on a certain transformer at no
load, the total core loss is 800W. When the frequency is changed to
35Hz the magnitude of the voltage is made to such as maintain the
same maximum flux density as before, the core loss falls to 100W.
Calculate the Hysteresis losses at 50Hz.