CAUCHY –Jurnal Matematika Murni dan Aplikasi

Volume ##(##) (####), Pages 1-188

p-ISSN: 2086-0382; e-ISSN: 2477-3344

The Boundedness of Generalized Fractional Integral Operators on Small Morrey Spa

Corina Karim1, Rizky Aziz Syaifudin1, Marjono1 , Hairur Rahman2

Department of Mathematic, Brawijaya University, Indonesia
1

2
Department of Mathematic, Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Indonesia

Email: co_mathub@ub.ac.id, rizkyaziz@student.ub.ac.id, marjono@ub.ac.id,

hairur@mat.uin-malang.ac.id

ABSTRACT
The small Morrey space is the set of locally Lebesgue integrable functions with norm defined
supremum over radius of ball r ∈(0 , 1). This paper aims to prove the boundedness properties of
the generality of fractional integral operators in small Morrey spaces using Hedberg-type
inequality. The first, in this paper will be discuss to prove Hedberg-type inequality on small
Morrey spaces using dyadic decomposition, Hö lder inequality, and doubling condition.
Furthermore, by using the inequality, it can be proven that the boundedness of generalized
fractional integral operators on small Morrey spaces.

Keywords: Fractional Integral Operators; Hedberg-type inequality; small Morrey spaces;

INTRODUCTION
Morrey space was first introduced by C. B. Morrey in 1938. Morrey [1] found a
solution space of elliptic differential equations called Morrey space. in the development
of research, Morrey space develops into several kinds of spaces such as small Morrey
space. The fractional integral operator is one type of singular integral operator. Research
on fractional integral operators, first started by Hardy and Littlewood. Hardy and
Littlewood [2] proved the boundedness of fractional integral operators on Lebesgue spaces
using dyadic decomposition. Furthermore, the research was continued by Adams [3] and
Chiarenza and Frasca [4] who proved the boundedness of fractional integral operators on
Morrey space using dyadic decomposition.
Nakai [5] generalized the space of Adams and Chiarenza and Frasca. Nakai [5] proved
the boundedness property of fractional integral operators on the generalized Morrey spaces
using dyadic decomposition. The result of Nakai research is also called Spanne inequality.
Gunawan and Eridani [6] extended the results of Adams and Chiarenza and Frasca. Karim and
Apriliani [7] continued their research on the Spanne inequality of the p=q case.
Sawano [8] extended Morrey space into a small Morrey space for r ∈(0 , 1). In
Sawano's research [8], it also gives the properties of inclusions among small Morrey spaces.
In Sawano's research, it also gives the properties of inclusions among small Morrey spaces.
Based on the inclusion properties, Karim et. al. [9] research further discussed the inclusion of
Lebesgue spaces, Morrey spaces, and small Morrey spaces. Karim, et.al. [9] has proved the
boundedness of fractional integral operator in small Morrey spaces using Hedberg Inequality.

Submitted: Reviewed: Accepted:

The Boundedness of Generalized Fractional Integral Operators on Small Morrey Spaces

METHODS
The method used in writing this research article is a literature study of several
related articles and books. In some of the literature, the definition and limitation
properties of fractional integral operators have been discussed and the limitation
properties and definition of Morrey space have also been discussed. Therefore, by using
the definitions and properties that have been discussed in the previous literature study,
it can be used to prove the boundedness properties in this article. The first, we will
discuss about Lebesgue spaces and Morrey spaces from (see [10], [11], [12], [13],[14],
and [15]).
Definition 1 (Lebesgue Spaces)
Let (X , A , μ) is measurable spaces and 1 ≤ p< ∞. The Lebesgue spaces L p ( X ) are
consists all equivalence class of function f : X → R such that
1

(
||f ||L ≔ ∫|f | dx p <∞ .
)
p
P

Definition 2 (Local Lebesgue Spaces)

p
Let (X , A , μ) is measurable spaces. The Lebesgue spaces Lloc ( X) are consists all
equivalence class of function f : X → R such that for every compact subset S ⊂ X ,
∫|f |p dx < ∞ .
S

Theorem 1 (Hö lder Inequality)

If f ∈ L p ( R n ) dan g ∈ Lq ( Rn ) with p>1, then ||fg||L ≤||f ||L ||g||L . 1 p q

Proof. The proof of this theorem can be seen in [10].

Definition 2 (Fractional Integral Operator)

Let 0< β < n. The integral fractional operator I β f (x) is defined by
f ( y)
I β f ( x ) ≔∫ n− β
dy
R
n
| x− y|
p n
for every f ∈ Lloc (R ) with 1 ≤ p< ∞ and for every x ∈ Rn.

Theorem 2 (Hedberg-type inequality)

1 1 β
Let 1 ≤ q< p<∞ and = − , then for every f ∈ L p ( R n ) ,
q p n
βp βp
1−
|I β f ( x )|≤ C p ,q ( Mf ( x ) ) n
||f ( x )||L .
n
p

Proof. Suppose 1 ≤ q< p<∞ , take any f ∈ L p ( R n ) and open ball O(x , r). From definition
integral fractional operator, write
I β f ( x ) :=I 1 f ( x ) + I 2 f ( x ) ,

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The Boundedness of Generalized Fractional Integral Operators on Small Morrey Spaces

with
f ( y)
I1 f (x ) ≔ ∫ n− β
dy ,
O (x ,r ) | x− y|
and
f ( y)
I2 f (x ) ≔ ∫ n− β
dy .
O ( x ,r )
c
| x− y|
Using dyadic decomposition, partition of the open ball O(x , r) is 2k r ≤|x − y|<2k +1 r with
−∞ < k ≤−1 such that
−1
f ( y)
|I 1 f ( x )|≤ C ∑ ∫ n− β
dy
k=−∞ 2k r ≤|x− y|<2k+ 1r | x− y|
≤ C r ( Mf ( x ) ) .
β

Partition of the complement of open ball O ( x , r )c , we obtain 2k r ≤|x − y|<2k +1 r with

0 ≤ k < ∞ such that
∞
f ( y)
|I 2 f ( x )|≤ C ∑ ∫ n−β
dy
k=0 2k r ≤ |x− y|<2k +1 r |x− y|
n
β−
≤Cr p
||f ( x )||L . p

( ||f ( x )||L
)
p
p n
Choose r ≔ , such that we obtain
Mf ( x)

|I β f ( x )|≤|I 1 f ( x )|+ ¿ I 2 f (x )∨¿

( ||f ( x )||L )
n
β−
≤ C r β ( Mf ( x ) ) +r p
p

βp βp
1−
≤ C ( Mf ( x ) ) n
||f ( x )|| n
Lp .
So, Hedberg-type Inequality is holds.

Definition 3 (Doubling Condition)

+¿ ¿
In defining the operators I ψ , the function ψ : R→ R satisfy the doubling condition if
holds
1 r 1 ψ (r )
1. If ≤ ≤2 then ≤ ≤C 1 for every r , s >0.
2 s C1 ψ ( s )
∞
ψ (t)
2. For r >0 , ∫ dt .
r t

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The Boundedness of Generalized Fractional Integral Operators on Small Morrey Spaces

Definition 4 (Morrey Spaces)

Let 0 ≤ q ≤ p <∞ and measurable spaces X =Rn. The Morrey spaces M qp (Rn ) consists of
function f ∈ Lloc
p
( R n ) with
1 1
−

( ∫ |f ( x )| dx ) p ,
p 1
||f ||M ≔ x ∈ R ,r > 0|O ( x , r )|
p
q
¿ n q p

O ( x ,r )

is finite.
Definition 5 (Small Morrey Spaces)
Let 0 ≤ q ≤ p <∞ and measurable spaces X =Rn. The small Morrey spaces mqp (Rn )
consists of function f ∈ Lloc
p
( R n ) with
1 1
− 1

( ∫ |f ( x )| dx ) p ,
p
||f ||m ≔¿ x ∈ Rn , r ∈(0 ,1)|O ( x , r )|q
p
q
p

O (x , r )

is finite.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this section, we will discuss the boundedness properties of the fractional integral
operator. However, we will first prove Hedberg-type inequality in small Morrey spaces. + ¿¿

Eridani [11] generalized the fractional integral operator. Given function ψ : R+¿→ R ¿that
satisfies the doubling condition. The generalized fractional integral operator is defined
by
ψ (|x− y|)
I ψ f ( x ) ≔∫ n
f ( y ) dy ,
R |x− y|
n

for every f ∈ Lloc

p
( R n ) with 1 ≤ p< ∞. If ψ (|x− y|) ≔|x − y|β with 0< α < n then I ψ f ( x )=I β f ( x )
[14].
Since ρ function satisfies the doubling condition, such that for every k ∈ Z and for
every r >0 with 2k r ≤|x − y|<2k +1 r holds
1 |x− y|
1. If ≤ k+1 ≤ 2 then
2 2 r
1 ψ (| x− y|)
≤ ≤C.
C ψ ( 2k +1 r )
As a result, we obtain
ψ ( 2 k+1 r )
≤ v (|x− y|) ≤ Cψ ( 2 r ) .(1)
k+1
C
2. Let t ≔∨x− y ∨¿. The inequality (1) can be expressed as
ψ ( 2 k+1 r )
≤ ψ ( t ) ≤Cψ ( 2 r ) .(2)
k+1
C
The next, from inequality (2), we have
k+ 1 k+ 1 k+ 1
2 r 2 r 2 r
ψ (2k+1 r ) ψ (t ) C ψ (2 k+1 r )
∫ k +1 dt ≤ ∫ t dt ≤ ∫ k
dt
2 r
kC 2 r k
2 r 2r
k 2 r

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The Boundedness of Generalized Fractional Integral Operators on Small Morrey Spaces

k +1
2 r
ψ (2k+1 r ) ψ (t)
2C
≤ ∫ k t
dt ≤ C ψ ( 2k+1 r ) .(3)
2 r

Theorem 3 (Hedberg-type Inequality)

+¿ ¿ 1 1 β
Let function ψ : R→ R satisfies doubling condition. If 1 ≤ p< q<∞ and = − , then
q p n
βq βq
1−
|I ψ f ( x )|≤ C p , q| Mf ( x )| n
||f ( x )||
n
mpq ,
for every f ∈ m ( R ), with Mf ( x) is maximal Hardy-Littlewood operator.
p
q
n

Proof. Take any f ≠ 0 ∈ mpq ( Rn ) and let 1 ≤ p< q<∞ . Defined a function ψ : R→ R+¿ ¿, is
ψ ( t ) ≔t with 0< β < n satisfies doubling condition such that ψ (t) satisfies inequality (1)
β

and (3). Write

I ψ f ( x ) ≔ I1 f ( x ) + I2 f ( x ) ,
With
ψ (|x− y|)
I1 f (x ) ≔ ∫ n
f ( y ) dy ,
O ( x ,r ) | x− y|
and
ψ (|x− y|)
I2 f (x ) ≔ ∫ n
f ( y ) dy .
O ( x ,r ) | x− y|
c

For open ball O(x , r), can be partitioned 2k r ≤|x − y|<2k +1 r for every −∞ < k ≤−1 such
that we obtain
−1
ψ (|x − y|)
|1 | ∑
I f ( x ) ≤ ∫ n
∨f ( y ) ∨dy
k=−∞ 2 r ≤|x− y|< r 2 r | x− y|
k k+ 1

−1
1
≤ C ∑ ψ ( 2 k+1 r )
k=−∞
k +1 n
( 2 r ) |x− y|<2 r (
∫ |f ( y )|dy k+ 1 )
( )
−1
1
¿ C ∑ ( 2k +1 r ) ∫ |f ( y )|dy
β
k+1 n
k=−∞ ( 2 r ) |x− y|<2 r k+1

( )
−1
1
∑ ( 2k+1 r ∫ |f ( y )|dy
β
≤C ) ¿ n
k=−∞ O ( x, 2k+1 r ) (2 k+1
r) |x− y|<2k+1 r
−1

∑ ( 2k +1 r ) Mf ( x ) .
β
¿C
k=−∞

−1
Because the series ∑ 2β (k+ 1) converges to one for k < 0, then inequality can be expressed
k=−∞
by
|I 1 f ( x )|≤ C r β Mf ( x ) .
For O ( x , r )c , the ball O ( x , r )c can be partitioned 2k r ≤|x − y|<2k +1 r with 0 ≤ k < ∞.
Observe that
∞
ψ (|x− y|)
|2 | ∑ ∫
I f ( x ) ≤ n
|f ( y )|dy
k=0 2 r ≤|x− y|<2 r |x− y|
k k+ 1

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The Boundedness of Generalized Fractional Integral Operators on Small Morrey Spaces

∞
ψ ( 2k r ) ψ (|x− y|)
≤C∑ n ∫ n
|f ( y )| dy ,
k=0 ( 2k r ) |x− y|<2k +1 r |x− y|
with constant C >0 and using Hö lder inequality we have

( )
1
1 1
∫ f ( y)dy ≤ k n ∫ |f ( y )| dy p
p
n
( 2k r ) |x− y|<2 r ( 2 r ) |x− y|<2 r
k+1 k+1

−n
≤ ( 2 r ) ∨||f ||m .
k q
p
q

Because ψ ( t ) ≔t β , consequently can be expressed as

∞
ψ ( 2k r ) ψ (|x− y|)
|I 2 f ( x )|≤ C ∑ k n ∫ n
|f ( y )| dy
k=0 ( 2 r ) |x− y |<2 r |x − y| k+1

∞ −n
≤ C ∑ (2 r ) (2 r )
β
k k q
||f ||m p
q
k=0
n ∞ n
β− β−
≤Cr q
∑ ( 2k ) q
||f ||m p,
q
k=0
∞ n
n β−
and because 0< β < n then β−n< β− <0 for 1< p<q <∞ such that the series
q ∑ (2 ) k q

k=0
converges to one. The result is
n
β−
|I 2 f ( x )|≤ C r q ||f ||m . p
q

Next, using triangle inequality we obtain

|I ψ f ( x )|≤||I 1 f ( x )||+ ¿ I 2 f ( x)∨¿
n
β−
≤ C r β Mf ( x )+Cr q
||f ||m p
q

( )
n
β−
≤ C r β Mf ( x ) +r q
||f ||m . p
q

( )
q
||f ||m p n
Choose r ≔ q
, such that
Mf (x)

|I ψ f ( x )|≤ C ( r )
n βq βq
β− 1−
β
Mf ( x ) +r q
||f ||m =C ( Mf ( x ) )
p
q
n
||f || .
n

So, Hedberg-type inequality on small Morrey spaces for fractional integral operator is
proved.

The following presents the limitation theorem of the generalized fractional integral
operator in small Morrey spaces.
Theorem 4
n
Let positive function ψ : R→ R+¿ ¿ satisfies doubling condition and 1< p1 <q 1< with
β
0< β < n. If
1 1 β
q2 q1 n p 2 p1
βq
= − and 1 = 1 1− 1 , then exist constant C p ,q >0 such that for
n ( ) 1 1

every f ∈ mq ( R ) holds
p n

||I ψ f ||m ≤ C p ,q ||f ||m . p2

q2 1 1
p1
q1

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The Boundedness of Generalized Fractional Integral Operators on Small Morrey Spaces

n
Proof. Let 1< p1 <q 1< with 0< β < n. Defined functionψ : R→ R+¿ ,¿ is ψ ( t ) ≔t β . Take any
β
function f ≠ 0 ∈ mq R ) . According to Hedberg-type Inequality from Theorem 3, holds
(
p n 1

1
βq βq
1−
|I ψ f ( x )|≤ C p , q| Mf ( x )| n
||f ( x )||mn .p
q

Defined
1 1 β
= − ,
q2 q1 n
and
1 1
=
p 2 p1
1−
β q1
n
. ( )
Therefore, it is obtained
βn βn
1−
|I ψ f ( x )|≤ C ( Mf ( x ) )
q1
q1
||f || mq
p 1

p1 p1
1−
|I ρ f ( x )|=C ( Mf ( x ) ) ||f ||
p2 p2
p
mq 1 ,
1

Next, both segments are raised by p2 and integrated over O(x , r) such that
∫ |I ψ f ( x )| dx ≤C p ( Mf ( x )) p ||f ||m
p 2 p −p2 1 2 1
p1
q1
O ( x ,r )

∫
p 2− p 1
¿ C ||f ||m
p2 p
p1
q1
( Mf ( x ) ) dx 1

B ( x , r)
1 1
−
¿
∫
q1 p1 p1
≤ C ||f ||m x ∈ R , r ∈ ( 0 , 1 )|O ( x , r )|
p2
p1
q1
n
( Mf ( x )) dx
O (x , r )
p 2− p 1 p1
¿ C ||f ||m ||Mf ||m
p2
p1 p1
q1 q1
p 2− p 1 p
≤ C ||f ||m ||f ||m
p2 1
p1 p1
q1 q1
p2
≤ C ||f ||m .
p2
p1
q1

1 1 1
−
Rank both segments by then multiply by |O ( x , r )|q p and take the supremum over
p2
2 2

radius r ∈(0 , 1) of both segments such that we get

||I ψ f ||m ≤ C p ,q ||f ||m . p2
q2 1 1
p1
q1

Thus, it is proven that I ψ f (x) is finite in the small Morrey spaces.

CONCLUSIONS
The generalization of the fractional integral operators by defining the positive
+¿ ¿
function ψ : R→ R that satisfies the doubling condition. The proof of the boundedness
properties of the generalized fractional integral operator in small Morrey space uses the
Hedberg-type inequality. Therefore, in proving it, it is necessary to prove first that the
Hedberg-type inequality applies in small Morrey space and applies to the generalized
fractional integral operator.

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The Boundedness of Generalized Fractional Integral Operators on Small Morrey Spaces

REFERENCES

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Equantions. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 43: 126-166.
[2] Hardy, G.H. dan Littlewood, J.E. 1927. Some Properties of Fractional Integrals.
Math. Zeit. 27: 565-605.
[3] Adams, D. 1975. A Note on Riesz Potentials. Duke Maths. 42: 765-778.

[4] Chiarenza, F. dan Frasca, M. 1987. Morrey Spaces and Hardy-Littlewood Maximal
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[5] Nakai, E. 1994. Hardy-Littlewood Maximal Operator, Singular Integral Operator,
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[6] Gunawan, H. and Eridani. 2009. Fractional integrals and generalized Olsen
inequalities. Kyungpook Math. 49(1):31-39.
[7] Karim, C., dan Apriliani, E. 2008. Variasi Ketaksamaan Spanne. Prosiding Seminar
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fractional integral operators on small Morrey spaces. Atlantis Press Proceeding,
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[10] Sawano, Y., Fazio, G. D., and Maryani, S. 2020. Introduction and Applications to
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[13] Eridani. 2002. On the Boundedness of a Generalized Fractional Integral on
Generalized Morrey Spaces. Tamkang Journal of Mathematics. 4(33): 335-340.
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Generalized Morrey Spaces. Tamkang Journal of Mathematics. 4(33): 335-340.
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