Phy P5 Complete Prep Guide

5
2 A student is investigating how the time for an electrical pulse to travel in a coaxial cable varies with
the length of the cable. The pulse is reflected at one end of the cable. An oscilloscope is used to
display the initial pulse and the reflected pulse.
The trace on the oscilloscope is shown in Fig. 2.1.
Fig. 2.1
The time t for the pulse to travel to the end of the cable and back is determined by measuring the
distance d between the pulses on the screen, and then using the time-base and the relationship
t = d × time-base.
The initial length of the cable is L. A total length Z is removed from the cable and the experiment is
repeated.
It is suggested that t and Z are related by the equation

2 (L – Z )
v=
t
where v is the speed of the pulse.
(a) A graph is plotted of t on the y-axis against Z on the x-axis.
Determine expressions for the gradient and the y-intercept.
gradient = ...............................................................
y-intercept = ...............................................................
[1]
© UCLES 2017 9702/51/M/J/17 [Turn over

6
(b) Values of Z and d are given in Fig. 2.2.

The time-base is 0.1 µs cm–1.
Z /m d / cm t / µs
0.0 8.0 ± 0.1
4.0 7.7 ± 0.1
8.0 7.3 ± 0.1
12.0 7.0 ± 0.1
16.0 6.6 ± 0.1
20.0 6.2 ± 0.1
Fig. 2.2
Calculate and record values of t / µs in Fig. 2.2.

Include the absolute uncertainties in t. [2]
(c) (i) Plot a graph of t / µs against Z / m.

Include error bars for t. [2]
(ii) Draw the straight line of best fit and a worst acceptable straight line on your graph. Both
lines should be clearly labelled. [2]
(iii) Determine the gradient of the line of best fit. Include the absolute uncertainty in your
answer.
gradient = .......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 9702/51/M/J/17

7
0.82
0.80
0.78
t / μs
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.70
0.68
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.60
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Z/m

8
(iv) Determine the y-intercept of the line of best fit. Include the absolute uncertainty in your
answer.
y-intercept = .......................................................... [2]
(d) (i) Using your answers to (a), (c)(iii) and (c)(iv), determine the values of L and v. Include
appropriate units.
L = ...............................................................
v = ...............................................................
[2]
(ii) Determine the percentage uncertainties in L and v.
percentage uncertainty in L = ........................................................... %
percentage uncertainty in v = ........................................................... %

[2]
[Total: 15]
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.
© UCLES 2017 9702/51/M/J/17

5
2 A student is investigating the oscillations of a mass attached to an arrangement of springs. Fig. 2.1
shows a mass attached to two springs connected in series.
springs
mass
Fig. 2.1
The student determines the spring constant k for the arrangement of the springs. A stopwatch is
used to measure the time t for 20 oscillations. The measurement of t is repeated and the average
period T is determined.
The experiment is repeated for different arrangements and different numbers of springs.
It is suggested that T and k are related by the equation
M
T = 2π
k
where M is the mass.

1
(a) A graph is plotted of T 2 on the y-axis against on the x-axis.
k
Determine an expression for the gradient.
gradient = ......................................................... [1]

6
1
(b) Values of k, and the measurements of t are given in Fig. 2.2.
k
1
k / N m–1 / m N–1 t/s t/s T/s T 2 / s2
k
7.9 0.13 22.2 22.6
11 0.091 19.2 18.8
15 0.067 16.6 16.0
24 0.042 12.8 13.4
32 0.031 11.0 11.8
49 0.020 9.8 9.0
Fig. 2.2
Calculate and record values of T / s and T 2 / s2 in Fig. 2.2.

Include the absolute uncertainties in T and T 2. [4]
1
(c) (i) Plot a graph of T 2 / s2 against / m N–1.
k
Include error bars for T 2. [2]
answer.
gradient = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2019 9702/52/M/J/19

5
2 A student investigates the collision of two gliders A and B on a linear air-track. A card is attached to
glider B, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
card
light gate connected to data logger
glider B
glider A
air-track
bench
Fig. 2.1
Glider B has a mass M. A mass m is added to glider B.
Glider A travels at a constant velocity u towards the stationary glider B. The gliders then collide
and move together towards the light gate.
The card passes through the light gate which is connected to a data logger. The student records
the velocity v of the two gliders from the data logger.
The student changes the mass m and repeats the experiment.
It is suggested that v and m are related by the equation
Au = (M + m + A)v
where A is the mass of glider A.

1
(a) A graph is plotted of v on the y-axis against (M + m) on the x-axis.
Determine expressions for the gradient and y-intercept.
gradient = ...............................................................
y-intercept = ...............................................................
[1]

6
(b) Values of m and v are given in Table 2.1.
The value of M is 330 g ± 5%.

Each value of m has a percentage uncertainty of ± 5%.
Table 2.1
m/g (M + m) / g v / cm s–1 1 / s cm–1

v
50 4.42
150 3.92
250 3.40
350 3.02
500 2.58
600 2.33
1
Calculate and record values of (M + m) / g and v / s cm–1 in Table 2.1.
Include the absolute uncertainties in (M + m). [2]
1
(c) (i) Plot a graph of v / s cm–1 against (M + m) / g.
Include error bars for (M + m). [2]
answer.
gradient = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2021 9702/51/M/J/21

5
2 A student is investigating the potential difference in a circuit. The circuit is set up as shown in
Fig. 2.1.
P Q
Fig. 2.1
Two resistors P and Q are connected in series to a power supply of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E
and negligible internal resistance. Resistor P has resistance P.
The potential difference V across resistor P is measured. The experiment is repeated for different
values of P.
It is suggested that V and P are related by the equation
V= ( P +P Q ) E
where Q is the resistance of resistor Q. The value of Q is kept constant.
1 1
(a) A graph is plotted of V on the y-axis against P on the x-axis.
gradient = ...............................................................
y-intercept = ...............................................................
[1]
© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17 [Turn over

6
(b) Values of P and V are given in Fig. 2.2.
P/Ω V/V 1 –3 –1 1 –1
P / 10 Ω V /V
250 ± 10% 0.66
330 ± 10% 0.86
470 ± 10% 1.15
560 ± 10% 1.30
680 ± 10% 1.49
840 ± 10% 1.64
Fig. 2.2
1 1
Calculate and record values of P / 10–3 Ω–1 and V / V–1 in Fig. 2.2.
1
Include the absolute uncertainties in P . [3]
1 1
(c) (i) Plot a graph of V / V–1 against P / 10–3 Ω–1.
1
Include error bars for P . [2]
(ii) Draw the straight line of best fit and a worst acceptable straight line on your graph.
Both lines should be clearly labelled. [2]
answer.
gradient = .......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17

7
1.6
1.5
1
/ V–1
V
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5
1
/ 10–3 Ω–1
P

8
answer.
y-intercept = .......................................................... [2]
(d) (i) Using your answers to (a), (c)(iii) and (c)(iv), determine the values of E and Q.
Include appropriate units.
E = ...............................................................
Q = ...............................................................
[2]
(ii) Determine the percentage uncertainty in Q.
percentage uncertainty in Q = ...................................................... % [1]
[Total: 15]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International
Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after
the live examination series.
Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local
Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17

5
2 A student is investigating monochromatic light passing through a diffraction grating. A series of

maxima are produced on a screen, as shown in Fig. 2.1.
second order central second order

maximum maximum maximum
Fig. 2.1
The student measures the distance s between the central maximum and the second order
maximum on the screen.
The experiment is repeated for different wavelengths of light.
It is suggested that s and the wavelength λ are related by the equation

s2 = 4N 2λ2
s2 + D2
where D is the distance between the diffraction grating and the screen and N is the number of
lines per unit length of the diffraction grating.
(a) A graph is plotted of 12 on the y-axis against 12 on the x-axis.

s λ
gradient = ...............................................................
y-intercept = ...............................................................
[1]

6
(b) Values of λ and s are given in Fig. 2.2.
λ / 10−7 m s/m 1 / 1012 m−2 1 / m−2

λ2 s2
4.3 0.62 ± 0.02
4.8 0.72 ± 0.02
5.3 0.82 ± 0.02
5.8 0.92 ± 0.02
6.2 1.02 ± 0.02
6.6 1.10 ± 0.02
Fig. 2.2
Calculate and record values of 12 / 1012 m−2 and 12 / m−2 in Fig. 2.2.
λ s
1
Include the absolute uncertainties in 2 . [2]
s
(c) (i) Plot a graph of 12 / m−2 against 12 / 1012 m−2.

s λ
1
Include error bars for 2 . [2]
s
answer.
gradient = .......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2018 9702/51/M/J/18

5
2 A student investigates the discharge of a capacitor in the circuit shown in Fig. 2.1.
R1 R2
P Q
Fig. 2.1
The student closes the switch and charges the capacitor.
The switch is opened and a stop-watch is started. The capacitor discharges through the two
resistors of resistance R1 and R2 connected between P and Q. At a fixed time t the potential
difference V across the capacitor is measured.
The experiment is repeated for different values of R1 and R2.
It is suggested that V, R1 and R2 are related by the equation
⎛V ⎞ t
ln ⎝ ⎠ = –
E C(R1 + R2)
where E is the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery and C is the capacitance of the capacitor.
1
(a) A graph is plotted of ln V on the y-axis against on the x-axis.
R1 + R2
gradient = ...............................................................
y-intercept = ...............................................................
[1]
© UCLES 2021 9702/51/O/N/21 [Turn over

6
(b) Values of R1, R2, V and ln V are given in Table 2.1.
Each resistance value has a percentage uncertainty of ± 5%.
Table 2.1
1
R1 / kΩ R2 / kΩ (R1 + R2) / kΩ / 10−6 Ω−1 V/V ln (V / V)
R1 + R2
22 33 1.28 0.247
22 47 1.98 0.683
22 68 2.87 1.054
33 47 2.39 0.871
33 68 3.28 1.188
47 68 3.55 1.267
1
Calculate and record values of (R1 + R2) / kΩ and / 10−6 Ω−1 in Table 2.1.
R1 + R2
1
Include the absolute uncertainties in (R1 + R2) and . [2]
R1 + R2
1
(c) (i) Plot a graph of ln (V / V) against / 10−6 Ω−1.
R1 + R2
1
Include error bars for . [2]
R1 + R2
answer.
gradient = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2021 9702/51/O/N/21

5
2 A student is investigating the motion of a small steel ball in cooking oil. A measure of the oil’s
resistance to the ball’s motion is called viscosity. Viscosity has the units pascal second (Pa s).
The student drops a ball into a cylinder of oil as shown in Fig. 2.1.
ball
cooking oil
heat
Fig. 2.1
The velocity of the ball is measured when it becomes constant and then the viscosity of the oil is
determined.
The experiment is repeated for different temperatures of oil.
It is suggested that the viscosity η and the Celsius temperature θ are related by the equation
η = pθ q
where p and q are constants.
(a) A graph is plotted of lg η on the y-axis against lg θ on the x-axis.
gradient = ...............................................................
y-intercept = ...............................................................
[1]

6
(b) Values of θ and η are given in Fig. 2.2.
θ / °C η / 10–3 Pa s lg (θ / °C) lg (η / 10–3 Pa s)
38 41 ± 1
46 32 ± 1
55 25 ± 1
64 20 ± 1
72 17 ± 1
79 14 ± 1
Fig. 2.2
Calculate and record values of lg (θ / °C) and lg (η / 10–3 Pa s) in Fig. 2.2.

Include the absolute uncertainties in lg (η / 10–3 Pa s). [2]
(c) (i) Plot a graph of lg (η / 10–3 Pa s) against lg (θ / °C).

Include error bars for lg (η / 10–3 Pa s). [2]
answer.
gradient = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2019 9702/52/F/M/19

7
1.65
1.60
lg (η / 10–3 Pa s)
1.55
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
1.25
1.20
1.15
1.10
1.55 1.60 1.65 1.70 1.75 1.80 1.85 1.90
lg (θ / °C)

8
answer.
y-intercept = ......................................................... [2]
(d) Using your answers to (a), (c)(iii) and (c)(iv), determine the values of p and q. Include the
absolute uncertainties in your answer.
p = ...............................................................
q = ...............................................................
[3]
(e) Using your answers to (d), determine the temperature θ at which the viscosity of the cooking
oil is 0.10 Pa s.
θ = .................................................... °C [1]
[Total: 15]
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
© UCLES 2019 9702/52/F/M/19

5
2 A student investigates the discharge of a capacitor through a resistor as shown in Fig. 2.1.
R
A
Fig. 2.1
The student initially closes the switch and charges the capacitor. The switch is then opened and a
stop-watch is started. The capacitor discharges through the resistor. At different times t the current
I is measured.
It is suggested that I and t are related by the equation
E – eRC
t
o
I= e
R
where E is the e.m.f. of the power supply, C is the capacitance of the capacitor and R is the
resistance of the resistor.
(a) A graph is plotted of ln I on the y-axis against t on the x-axis.
gradient = ...............................................................
y-intercept = ...............................................................
[1]

6
(b) Values of t and I are given in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
t/s I / μA ln (I / μA)
0 46 ± 2
12 40 ± 2
24 34 ± 2
36 28 ± 2
48 24 ± 2
60 20 ± 2
Calculate and record values of ln (I / μA) in Table 2.1.

Include the absolute uncertainties in ln (I / μA). [2]
(c) (i) Plot a graph of ln (I / μA) against t / s.

Include error bars for ln (I / μA). [2]
answer.
gradient = ......................................................... [2]
© UCLES 2020 9702/52/F/M/20

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5

The trace on the oscilloscope is shown in Fig. 2.1.

It is suggested that t and Z are related by the equation

(a) A graph is plotted of t on the y-axis against Z on the x-axis.

Determine expressions for the gradient and the y-intercept.

© UCLES 2017 9702/51/M/J/17 [Turn over

(b) Values of Z and d are given in Fig. 2.2.

0.0 8.0 ± 0.1

4.0 7.7 ± 0.1

8.0 7.3 ± 0.1

12.0 7.0 ± 0.1

16.0 6.6 ± 0.1

20.0 6.2 ± 0.1

Calculate and record values of t / µs in Fig. 2.2.

(c) (i) Plot a graph of t / µs against Z / m.

gradient = .......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2017 9702/51/M/J/17

© UCLES 2017 9702/51/M/J/17 [Turn over

y-intercept = .......................................................... [2]

(ii) Determine the percentage uncertainties in L and v.

percentage uncertainty in L = ........................................................... %

percentage uncertainty in v = ........................................................... %

© UCLES 2017 9702/51/M/J/17

It is suggested that T and k are related by the equation

where M is the mass.

gradient = ......................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 9702/52/M/J/19 [Turn over

7.9 0.13 22.2 22.6

11 0.091 19.2 18.8

15 0.067 16.6 16.0

24 0.042 12.8 13.4

32 0.031 11.0 11.8

49 0.020 9.8 9.0

Calculate and record values of T / s and T 2 / s2 in Fig. 2.2.

gradient = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2019 9702/52/M/J/19

Glider B has a mass M. A mass m is added to glider B.

The student changes the mass m and repeats the experiment.

It is suggested that v and m are related by the equation

where A is the mass of glider A.

Determine expressions for the gradient and y-intercept.

© UCLES 2021 9702/51/M/J/21 [Turn over

(b) Values of m and v are given in Table 2.1.

The value of M is 330 g ± 5%.

m/g (M + m) / g v / cm s–1 1 / s cm–1

Include error bars for (M + m). [2]

gradient = ......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2021 9702/51/M/J/21

It is suggested that V and P are related by the equation

Determine expressions for the gradient and the y-intercept.

© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17 [Turn over

(b) Values of P and V are given in Fig. 2.2.

gradient = .......................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17

© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17 [Turn over

y-intercept = .......................................................... [2]

percentage uncertainty in Q = ...................................................... % [1]

© UCLES 2017 9702/52/F/M/17

2 A student is investigating monochromatic light passing through a diffraction grating. A series of

second order central second order

The experiment is repeated for different wavelengths of light.

It is suggested that s and the wavelength λ are related by the equation