LC circuits with resonance effect

By Michael

What’s an LC Circuit?
LC circuit refers to an electric circuit consisting of an inductance L and
a capacitor C to form a frequency selection network, which is used to generate
high-frequency sine wave signals. In many cases, the LC circuit is also called
an oscillator circuit, resonant circuit, tank circuit or tuning circuit. Common LC
sine wave oscillating circuits include transformer feedback type LC oscillating
circuit and inductor three-point LC oscillating circuit and capacitor three-point
LC oscillator circuit. The radiation power of the LC oscillator circuit is
proportional to the fourth power of the oscillation frequency. To allow an
oscillating LC circuit to radiate sufficiently strong electromagnetic waves, the
oscillation frequency must be increased and the circuit has an open form.

How does an LC circuit work?

The LC circuit uses the energy storage characteristics of capacitors and
inductors to alternately convert electromagnetic energy. That is to say, electric
energy and magnetic energy will have a maximum and minimum values, and
there will be oscillation. However, this is only an ideal situation. Virtually all
electronic components will lose energy. The energy is either lost or leaked to
the outside in the process of mutual conversion between the capacitor and the
inductance. The energy will continue to decrease, so the actual LC oscillator
circuit is an amplifying element is needed, either a triode, or an integrated op
amp or other digital LC. Using this amplifying element, through various signal
feedback methods, the constantly consumed oscillating signal is fed back and
amplified, thereby finally outputting an amplitude and frequency relatively stable
signal. The LC circuit frequency calculation formula is , and f is the frequency,
the unit is Hertz (Hz); L is the inductance, the unit is Henry (H); C is the
capacitance, the unit is Farah (F).
The LC electromagnetic oscillation process involves many physical quantities,
and the changes of various physical quantities are also more complicated. In
the actual analysis process, if you notice the asynchronous changes of
the electric field (electric field energy, voltage, electric field intensity) and
the magnetic field (magnetic energy, current intensity, magnetic induction
intensity), and the synchronous changes of the electric field and magnetic field,
make full use of the electric field. Conservation of energy including energy and
magnetic field energy, and other physical changes radiated by energy changes,
can quickly understand the changes of various physical quantities and
determine the state of the circuit.

LC circuit model conditions

The resistance R of the entire circuit (including coils and wires) is zero. From
the energy point of view, no other forms of energy are converted into internal
energy, that is, there is no heat loss.
The inductor L contains the inductance of the entire circuit, and the capacitor C
contains the capacitance of the entire circuit, and there is no latent inductance
and latent capacitance.
The LC oscillation circuit doesn’t radiate electromagnetic waves to the external
space when electromagnetic oscillation occurs. Strictly speaking, it is a closed
circuit. Only the mutual conversion between the coil magnetic field energy and
the capacitor electric field energy occurs inside the LC circuit, even if it is the
change generated in the capacitor. The electric field and the changing magnetic
field generated in the coil don’t excite the corresponding magnetic field and
electric field according to Maxwell’s electromagnetic field theory, and radiate
electromagnetic waves to the surrounding space.
Applications of LC circuits
The resonance effect of the LC circuit has many important applications in
communication systems and signal processing.
The parallel resonance circuit generates current amplification.
The series resonance circuit generates voltage amplification.
The LC circuit is used to select or generate a specific frequency signal.
The application of LC circuits is reflected in many electronic devices, especially
radio devices, such as transmitters, radio receivers and television receivers,
amplifiers, oscillators, filters, tuners and frequency mixers.
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